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Journal articles on the topic 'Ruby glass'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Monarumit, Natthapong, Chakkrich Boonmee, Sermrak Ingavanija, Thanapong Lhuaamporn, Pornsawat Wathanakul, and Somruedee Satitkune. "Internal Features of Glass Filled Ruby Samples Probed by EPMA." Key Engineering Materials 744 (July 2017): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.744.409.

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Glass filled ruby is one of the treated rubies that consist of the additive substance to improve the clarity of ruby. There are many variations of glass filled rubies based on their chemical additives to fulfill the fractures during heat treatment process. However, the quality and the price of ruby are related to the different types of glass materials. Thus, the aim of this study is important to classify the type of glass materials inside the ruby samples by a non-destructive property such as their internal features. In this research, the glass filled ruby samples were collected including lead-glass filled rubies and high alumina-glass filled rubies. The surface and internal features in macro scale of the samples were observed by gem microscope. Moreover, their internal features were magnified to detect the chemical content of fractures and groundmass using electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA). As the results, there are high PbO and SiO2 in the fractures of lead-glass filled rubies. Besides, there are high Al2O3 mixing with SiO2 in the fractures of high alumina-glass filled rubies. It could be summarized that the varieties of glass filled ruby samples have been classified by the glass materials in their fractures.

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2

Kittiauchawal, Kantapat, Y. Raungtaweep, and Jakrapong Kaewkhao. "Effect of Bismuth Glass Filling Treatment on Physical Properties of Natural Ruby." Key Engineering Materials 675-676 (January 2016): 315–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.675-676.315.

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This research aims to investigate the effects of bismuth glass filling treatment on physical properties of natural ruby. The ruby mixed with bismuth glass powder was treated in electric furnace at 1000, 1100, 1200 and 1300°C in oxygen atmosphere for 24 hours, respectively. Each ruby before heated and after heated was determined reflective index and specific gravity. Fissure and inclusion of all samples were observed by optical microscope. The result reveals that reflective index and specific gravity of treated rubies were increased more than before treatment. Moreover, the result shows that the fissure surface on ruby was filled by glass and made clear surface.

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3

Prokhorov, B. N., A. T. Brazhkina, V. N. Mironov, Z. G. Ukhanova, and L. N. Kholkina. "Electrical melting of selenium ruby glass." Glass and Ceramics 47, no. 4 (April 1990): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00679917.

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4

Ueda, Jumpei, and Setsuhisa Tanabe. "Preparation of glass ceramics containing ruby crystals." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 18, no. 10 (May 1, 2011): 102006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/18/10/102006.

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5

Schroth, Evelyn. "Nadine Gordimer's "a Chip of Glass Ruby"." Journal of Black Studies 17, no. 1 (September 1986): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002193478601700106.

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6

Wagner, F. E., S. Haslbeck, L. Stievano, S. Calogero, Q. A. Pankhurst, and K. P. Martinek. "Before striking gold in gold-ruby glass." Nature 407, no. 6805 (October 2000): 691–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35037661.

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7

Liang, Zhi Hong, and Alfred R. Cooper. "Ruby Glass Produced in a Pt-Au Crucible." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 68, no. 9 (September 1985): C—221—C—221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1985.tb15789.x.

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8

Bigelow, Maurice H., and Alexander Silverman. "SELENIUM RUBY GLASS: PREPARATION AND X-RAY STUDY*." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 16, no. 1-12 (October 17, 2006): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1933.tb19219.x.

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9

Ruivo, Andreia, Cristina Gomes, Augusta Lima, Maria Luísa Botelho, Rita Melo, Ana Belchior, and António Pires de Matos. "Gold nanoparticles in ancient and contemporary ruby glass." Journal of Cultural Heritage 9 (December 2008): e134-e137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2008.08.003.

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10

Paje, S. E., J. Llopis, M. A. Villegas, M. A. García, and J. M. Fernández Navarro. "Thermal effects on optical properties of silver ruby glass." Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing 67, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050799.

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11

Tang, Hua Juan. "A Free-Lead and Cadmium of Antimony Ruby Glass Composition and its Preparation Method." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 2158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.2158.

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The antimony ruby glass is prepared by soda-lime silica system as matrix composition which coefficient of linear expansion is appropriate for the ordinary glassware.UV-VIS spectrometer is used to measure the transmittance curves of various amount Sb2O3 glasses Relation between amount Sb2O3 and transmittance of antimony glasses are investigated which indicates that the tSuperscript textransmittance of antimony glass becomes lower with Sb2O3 amount increasing. Comparing un-treatment with heat treatment antimony glass, the dominate wavelength moves toward the red wavelength and the pure color increases.

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12

Jitwatcharakomol, T., E. Meechoowa, M. Jiarawattananon, and S. Jiemsirilers. "Kinetic Investigation on the Color Striking of Gold Ruby Glass." Procedia Engineering 32 (2012): 584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.1312.

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13

Duroc-Danner, J. M. "Radioactive glass imitation emeralds and an unusual Verneuil synthetic ruby." Journal of Gemmology 23, no. 2 (1992): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15506/jog.1992.23.2.80.

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14

Ueda, Jumpei, and Setsuhisa Tanabe. "Preparation and Optical Property of Glass Ceramics Containing Ruby Crystals." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 93, no. 10 (September 27, 2010): 3084–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.04065.x.

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15

K�tzler, J., G. Hesse, H. P. T�dter, and G. Eiselt. "T c =0-Ordering in the ruby Ising-spin glass?" Zeitschrift f�r Physik B Condensed Matter 68, no. 4 (December 1987): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01471076.

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16

TAKEBE, Hiromichi, Mayuna OKAMOTO, and Kentaro MORI. "Fabrication of gold ruby glasses using solar panel glass cullet." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 129, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 590–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj2.21087.

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17

Dararutana, Pisutti, J. Dutchaneephet, Prukswan Chetanachan, P. Wathanakul, and Narin Sirikulrat. "Effects of Gold Nanoparticles on the Fabrication of Red Colored High Refractive Index Lead Glass." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.601.

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Red colored gold ruby glass used for decorations in ancient times was actually gold nanotechnology at work by the addition of gold particles into molten lead glass. Most of high refractive index glasses are based on lead-bearing silicate glass. High refractive index lead glasses (HRLG) made from local sands and lead oxide were successfully fabricated both in laboratory and larger scales. In this study, gold metal was doped into the lead glass mixtures. Morphology of the prepared lead glass was observed using SEM and compared with that of the red colored Ancient Thai Glass (ATG). It was found that the fabricated red colored HRLG yielded similar color and clarity to the red colored ATG. From electron micrographs, the presence of gold in lead glass was in the form of nanoparticles. The optical properties of the glasses were also examined.

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18

Ruangtaweep, Yotsakit, and Jakrapong Kaewkhao. "Preparation of Ruby Red Glasses from Gold Nanoparticles: Influence of Soaking Time." Advanced Materials Research 770 (September 2013): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.770.96.

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In this research, effects of soaking time in melting glass process on red color development have been investigated. The red glasses were prepared from gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with compositions of 70.475SiO2 : 11Na2O : 9CaO : 9K2O : 0.005SeO2 : 0.5SnO2 : 0.02AuNPs % by weight and vary soaking time at 1 to 5 hours. The glasses were melted the normal melt-quench technique. The color of glasses were measured by uv-visible spectrophotometer in the wavelength range 300-900 nm and color coordinate in CIEL*a*b* system. The result found that, the glasses sample with 1 and 2 hours of soaking time are shown purple color. At 3, 4 and 5 hours of soaking time are shown red color. The results reflecting that the particle size of gold particle in glass matrices at 3, 4 and 5 hours are smaller than 1 and 2 hours of soaking time.

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19

Almeida, J. C., E. J. C. Davim, I. M. Miranda Salvado, M. H. V. Fernandes, F. M. Costa, F. Rey-García, L. M. Francisco, and A. B. Lopes. "Red ruby glass from gold nanoparticles obtained by LASiS – a new approach." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 537 (June 2020): 119987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2020.119987.

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20

Haslbeck, S., K. P. Martinek, L. Stievano, and F. E. Wagner. "Formation of gold nanoparticles in gold ruby glass: The influence of tin." Hyperfine Interactions 165, no. 1-4 (November 14, 2006): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10751-006-9246-0.

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21

Waltham, J. A., M. Notcutt, P. F. Cunningham, and M. M. Michaelis. "Evaluation of gas lens laser-produced plasmas." Laser and Particle Beams 8, no. 1-2 (January 1990): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600008119.

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A Q-switched ruby laser, focussed by means of both gas and glass lenses, was used to irradiate massive planar carbon targets. Two different laser configurations were used, giving differing spatial beam qualities. Faraday cups positioned at various angles about the target were used to monitor ion flow properties of the resulting laser-produced plasmas. These flow properties were used to compare the laser-plasma producing characteristics of the lenses.

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22

Shivaprakash, Y., and R. V. Anavekar. "FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES OF LITHIUM-BORATE RUBY GLASSES CONTAINING GOLD NANOPARTICLES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 4RAST (April 30, 2017): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i4rast.2017.3307.

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Glasses containing Au nanoparticles have been synthesized in the base glass of composition 30Li2O–70B2O3 using gold chloride (HAuCl4.3H2O) as a dopant. The characteristic ruby color has been observed which is attributed due to surface plasmon resonance of the Au nanoparticles. The hue of the color increases with the increase of concentration of the dopant. Presence of the gold nanoparticles has been confirmed by studying the optical absorption spectra in the visible range which show a characteristic absorption peak at ~560nm. XRD and SEM studies show that the addition of Au increases the kinetics of growth and crystallization. ESR studies indicate that the electronic state of gold is either Au0 or Au+.

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23

Shivaprakash, Y., and R. V. Anavekar. "Ionic to Electronic Conductivity Studies of Lithium-Borate Ruby-Glass-Ceramics Containing Gold Nano Particles." Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society 70, no. 3 (July 2011): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0371750x.2011.10600168.

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24

Tunjai, Guntima, Arubol Chotipong, and Chakkaphan Sutthirat. "The Leachate of Lead from the Crucibles Undergone Ruby Heat Treatment with Lead Glass Additive." APCBEE Procedia 10 (2014): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2014.10.023.

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25

Zapol'skii, V. A., N. M. Bobkova, and V. N. Stanishevskii. "Optimization of ratio of coloring components during the electric founding of ruby-colored selenide glass." Glass and Ceramics 48, no. 6 (June 1991): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00677734.

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26

Eichelbaum, Maik, Klaus Rademann, Wilfried Weigel, Bernd Löchel, Martin Radtke, and Ralf Müller. "Gold-ruby glass in a new light: On the microstructuring of optical glasses with synchrotron radiation." Gold Bulletin 40, no. 4 (December 2007): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03215600.

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27

Som, Tirtha, and Basudeb Karmakar. "One-step synthesis and properties of monolithic photoluminescent ruby colored cuprous oxide antimony oxide glass nanocomposites." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 509, no. 15 (April 2011): 4999–5007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.01.208.

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28

Warren, Anna J., Danny Axford, and Robin L. Owen. "Direct measurement of X-ray-induced heating of microcrystals." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 4 (May 14, 2019): 991–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519003849.

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Temperature control is a key aspect of macromolecular crystallography, with the technique of cryocooling routinely being used to mitigate X-ray-induced damage. Beam-induced heating could cause the temperature of crystals to rise above the glass transition temperature, greatly increasing the rate of damage. X-ray-induced heating of ruby crystals of 20–40 µm in size has been quantified non-invasively by monitoring the emission wavelengths of X-ray-induced fluorescence during exposure to the X-ray beam. For the beam sizes and dose rates typically used in macromolecular crystallography, the temperature rises are of the order of 20 K. The temperature changes observed are compared with models in the literature and can be used as a validation tool for future models.

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29

Nakai, Izumi, Chiya Numako, Hideo Hosono, and Kazuo Yamasaki. "Origin of the Red Color of Satsuma Copper-Ruby Glass as Determined by EXAFS and Optical Absorption Spectroscopy." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82, no. 3 (December 22, 2004): 689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01818.x.

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30

Schneider, Rebecca M., Christine M. Barton, Keith W. Zirkle, Caitlin F. Greene, and Kara B. Newman. "Year-round monitoring reveals prevalence of fatal bird-window collisions at the Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center." PeerJ 6 (April 4, 2018): e4562. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4562.

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Collisions with glass are a serious threat to avian life and are estimated to kill hundreds of millions of birds per year in the United States. We monitored 22 buildings at the Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center (VTCRC) in Blacksburg, Virginia, for collision fatalities from October 2013 through May 2015 and explored possible effects exerted by glass area and surrounding land cover on avian mortality. We documented 240 individuals representing 55 identifiable species that died due to collisions with windows at the VTCRC. The relative risk of fatal collisions at all buildings over the study period were estimated using a Bayesian hierarchical zero-inflated Poisson model adjusting for percentage of tree and lawn cover within 50 m of buildings, as well as for glass area. We found significant relationships between fatalities and surrounding lawn area (relative risk: 0.96, 95% credible interval: 0.93, 0.98) as well as glass area on buildings (RR: 1.30, 95% CI [1.05–1.65]). The model also found a moderately significant relationship between fatal collisions and the percent land cover of ornamental trees surrounding buildings (RR = 1.02, 95% CI [1.00–1.05]). Every building surveyed had at least one recorded collision death. Our findings indicate that birds collide with VTCRC windows during the summer breeding season in addition to spring and fall migration. The Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) was the most common window collision species and accounted for 10% of deaths. Though research has identified various correlates with fatal bird-window collisions, such studies rarely culminate in mitigation. We hope our study brings attention, and ultimately action, to address this significant threat to birds at the VTCRC and elsewhere.

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31

Polić-Radovanović, S., S. Ristić, J. Stašić, and M. Trtica. "A study of Roman glass from Mala Barutana/Belgrade Fortress irradiated with pulsed CO2, Nd:YAG and ruby laser — Comparison." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 358, no. 22 (November 2012): 3048–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2012.07.034.

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32

Srinivasan, U., I. Homma, C. M. Chun, D. M. Dabbs, D. A. Hajduk, S. M. Gruner, and I. A. Aksay. "Nanocomposite processing via infiltration of mesoporous silica." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100137434.

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Synthesis of materials with nanoscale (1~100 nm) organization is important in various applications. Recently, scientists at Mobil described a new family of mesoporous molecular sieves. These materials have regular arrays of uniform pore channels ranging from 1.6~10 nm in diameter in contrast to other mesoporous solids such as amorphous silicas and modified layered clays and silicates. A surfactantsilicate co-assembly model has been proposed to explain the formation of these materials. According to this pathway, the matching of the charge density at the organic-inorganic interface controls the assembly of the mesophases and four distinct silica mesophases have been observed, lamellae, hexagonally packed tubes, and two bicontinuous structures of cubic symmetry. Different phases are constructed by varying the synthesis parameters such as the surfactant/silicate ratio and the acidity. Here, we report the synthesis of a new amorphous mesoporous phase with short range order and with no long range crystallinity. Due to its interpenetrating network structure, this amorphous mesoporous silica can be used as a matrix for nanocomposite processing. Here, we use it as a host to process ruby glass.

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33

Mills, Paula, and Rose Kerr. "A STUDY OF RUBY-PINK ENAMELS ON CHINESE PORCELAIN: WITH A COMPARISON OF CHINESE PINK GLASS, AND EUROPEAN PINK ENAMELS ON CERAMICS." Studies in Conservation 45, sup2 (October 2000): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sic.2000.45.s2.021.

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34

Ивлев, Г. Д., В. А. Зайков, И. М. Климович, Ф. Ф. Комаров, and О. Р. Людчик. "Наносекундное воздействие интенсивного лазерного излучения на тонкие плёнки TiAlN." Журнал технической физики 128, no. 1 (2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2020.01.48852.253-19.

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The spectral dependencies (λ = 0.35-1.0 μm) of the transmittance and reflectivity (R) of TiAlN thin films deposited on glass and Si substrates by magnetron sputtering technique have been measured. The TiAlN/Si films of 0.5 μm thickness were irradiated by single nanosecond (70 ns) ruby laser pulses in order to study the influence of laser-induced thermophysical processes in TiAlN on its R(t) dynamics at the wavelengths λ1 = 0.53 and λ2 = 1.06 μm of probing radiation, and on the state of laser irradiation zones, which was studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The observed in the experiment and connected with the pulsed heating dynamics changes of R - increase at λ1 and decrease at λ2 amplifies as the irradiation energy density W approaches to the threshold of laser ablation of the nitride ~ 1 J/cm2. Laser-induced thermophysical processes, occurring at W = 0.6-0.9 J/cm2, lead to a specific modification of the TiAlN layer with the formation of a net of cracks due to thermal stresses arising during the laser pulse. The increase of W leads to the formation of a more developed net/cellular structure of the film with a smaller average size of cells.

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35

Zeck, H. P. "Restite-melt and mafic-felsic magma mixing and mingling in an S-type dacite, Cerro del Hoyazo, southeastern Spain." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 83, no. 1-2 (1992): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300007823.

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ABSTRACTApproximately 10-15 vol% of the Neogene Hoyazo dacite consists of Al-rich restite rock inclusions (A12O3 = 20–45%) and monocrystal inclusions derived therefrom. Restite material and dacitic melt were formed syngenetically from a (semi-)pelitic rock sequence by means of anatexis. Restite rock fragments and dacite show similar high δ18O values (13–16‰) corresponding to those found for sedimentary material. Striking monocrystal restite inclusions in the dacite rock are graphite crystals measuring a few hundred μm, 0.5–10 mm blue cordierite crystals and 2–10 mm ruby red crystals of almandine-rich garnet (1.1 ± 0.2 vol%). Although the almandine crystals are perfectly euhedral, they are identical in every respect to the crystals found in the Al-rich restite rock inclusions and cannot be crystallisation products of the magmatic melt. The dacite also contains many inclusions of quartz gabbroic and basaltoid material which contains inclusions identical to the restite material found in the dacitic glass base. Many basaltoid inclusions show well-developed chilled borders. These inclusions may represent a more mafic magma of deeper origin which mixed with some dacite magma before mingling into it.

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36

Champagnon, B., and O. Pilla. "Comment Comparison of the fluorescence lifetimes of Cr3+ in crystals, glasses and glass ceramics and their use to interpret the effect of pressure on ruby." Chemical Physics Letters 161, no. 1 (September 1989): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(89)87037-x.

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37

Parkin, D. W. "Cosmic Spherules, Asteroid Collisions and the Solar Constant." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 85 (1985): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100084608.

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AbstractIn 1980 (Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 297, 495) and in 1983 (Geophys. Jour. Roy. Astr. Soc. 75, 473) it was proposed that cosmic spherules are formed as splash ejecta in asteroidal collisions. The Poynting-Robertson effect size-sorts the spherules as they spiral to Earth in circular orbits. The time taken in My is given byΔt = 3.5 × 10−7 Dδ (a2 − 1)where a (in AU) is the collision distance from the Sun, D (in um) is the diameter of the spherules and δ (in kg/m−3) its density. In the 1983 paper, we tested the hypothesis by plotting the size of all the iron spherules (≥ 43 μm diam.) against time for two dated N. Pacific cores. Sloping lines, giving a ~ 2.1 AU, could be discerned; but their existence could be disputed - see figure 6.In current work, all the spherules from core V21-65 have been cracked open to find δ. Out of 220 spherules, 65 have rusted metal globules and these (Dδ) points give a confused plot, because of inaccurate δ-values. However, 66 spherules have their metal globules well preserved. Since globule diameter and %Ni can be accurately measured, δ can be calculated. These (Dδ) points show two sloping lines with some clarity, giving a ~ 3.4 AU; also, there are vague lines, giving a-values well within the main asteroid belt.To establish the hypothesis, wide cores are needed, giving an abundance of undamaged spherules. To obtain accurate a-values, the Robertson formula requires correction because of the spherule’s “hummocky” oxide surface. Also, any waviness in the sloping lines could be a measure of a variable solar constant.A new kind of iron spherule was found because of the cracking; 13 enclose opaque beads of true glass (rich in Fe, Ni and Si, no Mg) instead of metal globules. Crushed bits are deep ruby-red and nonmagnetic.

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38

Ball, John. "J. Tener, A. Steele, M. Chevrefils and S. Mortenson, eds. The William Ormond Mitchell Papers; J. Tener, S. Mortenson and M. Chevrefils, eds. The Ruby Wiebe Papers: First Accession; J. Tener, J.M. Moore and A. Steele, eds. The Joanna M. Glass Papers." Theatre Research in Canada 10, no. 2 (September 1989): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/tric.10.2.207.

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39

Ariga, Chieko. "The Playful Gloss. Rubi in Japanese Literature." Monumenta Nipponica 44, no. 3 (1989): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2384611.

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40

Alvarez-Arenal, Angel, Ignacio Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Hector deLlanos-Lanchares, Aritza Brizuela-Velasco, Javier Pinés-Hueso, and Joseba Ellakuria-Echebarria. "Retention Strength after Compressive Cyclic Loading of Five Luting Agents Used in Implant-Supported Prostheses." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2107027.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the retention strength of five cement types commonly used in implant-retained fixed partial dentures, before and after compressive cyclic loading. In five solid abutments screwed to 5 implant analogs, 50 metal Cr-Ni alloy copings were cemented with five luting agents: resin-modified glass ionomer (RmGI), resin composite (RC), glass ionomer (GI), resin urethane-based (RUB), and compomer cement (CC). Two tensile tests were conducted with a universal testing machine, one after the first luting of the copings and the other after 100,000 cycles of 100 N loading at 0.72 Hz. The one way ANOVA test was applied for the statistical analysis using the post hoc Tukey test when required. Before and after applying the compressive load, RmGI and RC cement types showed the greatest retention strength. After compressive loading, RUB cement showed the highest percentage loss of retention (64.45%). GI cement recorded the lowest retention strength (50.35 N) and the resin composite cement recorded the highest (352.02 N). The type of cement influences the retention loss. The clinician should give preference to lower retention strength cement (RUB, CC, and GI) if he envisages any complications and a high retention strength one (RmGI, RC) for a specific clinical situation.

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41

Lee, Ha Lim, Soo Kwang An, Jae Yong Lee, Dong Wook Shim, Byung Ryul Lee, and Gi Young Yang. "An Experimental Study on the Relationship Between Temperature and Pressure Inside the Cup During Cupping Procedures." Journal of Acupuncture Research 38, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13045/jar.2020.00346.

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Background: Pressure changes related to temperature variation during cupping may lead to dropout. This study aimed to investigate pressure changes related to temperature variations in the cup during the cupping procedure.Methods: Changes in temperature and pressure were measured for 15 minutes after the procedure was performed using the alcohol rub method with glass cups and with the addition of infrared irradiation. Changes in temperature and pressure were also measured for 15 minutes after pumping 3 times using the valve suction method, and with the addition of infrared irradiation.Results: In a comparison between the alcohol rub method with glass cups and with the addition of infrared irradiation, the negative pressure increased over time in the absence of infrared irradiation, whereas it decreased when performed with infrared irradiation <i>p</i> = 0.094. However, in a comparison between pumping 3 times using the valve suction method, and with the addition of infrared irradiation, the negative pressure decreased in both cases, but this was more significant with infrared irradiation <i>p</i> = 0.172. There was a significantly higher temperature in the glass cups (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and the valve cups (<i>p</i> = 0.001) exposed to infrared radiation, compared with no infrared irradiation.Conclusion: The reduction in negative pressure inside the cups exposed to infrared radiation was greater than without infrared irradiation. Temperature increases inside the cup can lead to the risk of dropout.

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Zhou, Wen Hua, Bei Hai He, Chun Xiu Zhang, and Yue Han. "Analysis on Ink Layer Rub Resistance for Coated Paper Prints." Advanced Materials Research 380 (November 2011): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.380.173.

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Having been coated, the surface unevenness and pores on paper were covered by a coating layer composed of fine particles and binders, which can absorb ink well, thereby a good uniformity and smoothness of paper could be obtained, consequently, the reproducing capability for printing dot and good whiteness, gloss and opacity can be improved. In theory, the ink rub resistance for coated paper print is mainly affected by the ink absorbance property of paper, printing conditions, ink components, rub medium and so on. In this study, seven different kinds of coated papers, the viscosities of the inks were adjusted with a viscosity adjusting agent, and then the prints were prepared by proofing with the ink with different viscosities. After drying, the prints were used for rub testing. The impact of the basic properties of coated paper and the content of reducer in inks on rub resistance were discussed on the basis of a comparative analysis of the experimental data. Printing color density loss rate and print color difference were exploited in this paper to characterize the ink rub resistance for coated paper prints. In this study, it was found that ink rub resistance was mainly influenced by ink absorbency and smoothness of the paper. Under the similar conditions, the color density of coated paper print decreases with the rub strength increasing, color difference increased gradually, but not linearly. With the increase of ink viscosity reducer content, printing density loss rates as well as color difference changed, but not be linearly.

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Dolníček, Zdeněk, Ladislav Kandrnál, Jana Ulmanová, Ester Vratislavská, and Pavel Hojač. "Strusky z redukční tavby pelosideritové železné rudy realizované na hradě Buchlově (jv. Chřiby) v roce 2019: extrémní variabilita fázového složení a chemismu jednotlivých fází." Bulletin Mineralogie Petrologie 29, no. 1 (2021): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46861/bmp.29.059.

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During experimental smelting of iron in a replica of historical shaft furnace, which was held at the Buchlov Castle in 2019, charcoal and fresh pelosiderite iron ore from the locality Moravany near Kyjov were used. The obtained furnace slag is practically completely formed by glass phase; only rare small domains contain also crystalline phases, whose occurrence is very irregular. A detailed study of chemical composition showed extreme heterogeneity in composition of glass and most crystalline phases. The glass phase contains variable, but often high amounts of Mn, Ca, Mg and sometimes P and/or K. The composition of olivine ranges widely among fayalite, dicalciumsilicate and tephroite (Fa1-91 Fo3-28Te2-45DCS1-52), as well as those of calcic pyroxene (Wo37-60Tsch1-13Ka8-22Fs4-30En14-36). Feldspars showed compositions between orthoclase and anorthite (Or2-82An9-91Ab5-19Cn0-2Slw0-2), which are unknown from natural systems. Minor components include wüstite, melilite (åkermanite with 1 - 6 mol. % gehlenite), leucite, kalsilite, locally also apatite and an unnamed phase with composition close to Ca2Al2Si3O11. The produced metallic iron is also compositionally heterogeneous and rich in phosphorus. The phase composition of slag differs significantly from those of typical iron slags. The reason can be seen in anomalous chemical composition of used ore, in too high temperatures during smelting (phase relations in metallic iron suggest temperatures around 1500 °C) in combination with rapid cooling of the furnace content after finishing of smelting, and probably also higher viscosity of slag melt. Both phase composition of slag as well as chemical composition of individual slag phases and metallic iron are significantly different from those of local historical artefacts from the period of usage of technology of direct production of iron. These findings do not support the idea that local pelosiderite iron ores were used for production of iron already during this early period.

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Tuvshinbayar, Khorolsuren, and Andrea Ehrmann. "Acoustic Investigation of Textile Fabrics." TEKSTILEC 63, no. 4 (November 20, 2020): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec2020.64.287-293.

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Why is it possible to distinguish between different textile fabrics by just touching them and moving your hand over them and listening to the sound? Particularly for high-quality woven fabrics, e.g. used for tailor-made suits, it is quite common that the dressmaker listens to the sound as their hand rubs the fabric. Can this approach be translated into a technical measurement? What could a sound analysis tell us about the fabric properties? As a first simple approach, we used a record player to rotate different cotton fabrics, and tested fine tips from diverse materials, such as plastic pipettes, pens, glass tips, etc. Our results show clear differences between the textile fabrics, which can be attributed to different yarn, knitted or woven structures. While the rotational mode of investigation impedes fully automated fast Fourier transform (FFT) evaluations, our first results suggest de¬veloping this promising method further.

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Hubbe, Martin A. "Paper or Plastic? Yes, but Not as a Mixture." BioResources 11, no. 3 (May 3, 2016): 5656–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.11.3.5656-5657.

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As expressed by the chorus lyrics of a song by Dan Einbender, “it really isn’t garbage ‘til you mix it all together. It really isn’t garbage ‘til you throw it away. Separate your paper, plastic, compost, glass and metal. Then you get to use it all another day.” It’s worth paying attention to these lyrics once again in the face of yet another type of product that is starting to show up in stores. Extruded sheets of polyethylene (no. 2 plastic) with as much as 80% ground calcium carbonate content are being sold as “paper”. Calcium carbonate is widely used as a component of real paper. However, it rubs me the wrong way when the word “paper” is being used to refer to something that has no fibers in it and is not formed on a screen and dried. My more serious concern is that such materials, if they become widely used, have the potential to contaminate paper recycling operations.

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Володин, В. А., Г. К. Кривякин, Г. Д. Ивлев, С. Л. Прокопьев, С. В. Гусакова, and А. А. Попов. "Кристаллизация плeнок аморфного германия и многослойных структур a-Ge/a-Si под действием наносекундного лазерного излучения." Физика и техника полупроводников 53, no. 3 (2019): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2019.03.47298.8997.

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AbstractThe processes of the crystallization of amorphous germanium films and multilayer germanium/silicon structures upon exposure to nanosecond (70 ns) ruby laser radiation (λ = 694 nm) are studied. The samples are grown on silicon and glassy substrates by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Pulsed laser annealing of the samples is conducted in the range of pulse energy densities E _ p from 0.07 to 0.8 J cm^–2. The structure of the films after annealing is determined by analyzing the scanning electron microscopy data and Raman spectra. It is established that, after annealing, the films are completely crystallized and, in this case, contain regions of coarse crystalline grains (>100 nm), whose fraction increases, as E _ p is increased, and reaches 40% of the area. From analysis of the position of the Raman peaks, it is conceived that the crystalline grains, whose dimensions exceed 100 nm, either contain structural defects or stretching strains. The correlation length of optical vibrations is determined from the phonon confinement model and found to increase from 5 to 8 nm, as E _ p is increased. Pulsed laser annealing of multilayer Ge(10 nm)/Si(5 nm) structures induces partial intermixing of the layers with the formation of Ge–Si alloys.

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Diaz, Candido, Daniel Maksuta, Gaurav Amarpuri, Akio Tanikawa, Tadashi Miyashita, Ali Dhinojwala, and Todd A. Blackledge. "The moth specialist spider Cyrtarachne akirai uses prey scales to increase adhesion." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, no. 162 (January 2020): 20190792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0792.

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Contaminants decrease adhesive strength by interfering with substrate contact. Spider webs adhering to moths present an ideal model to investigate how natural adhesives overcome contamination because moths' sacrificial layer of scales rubs off on sticky silk, facilitating escape. However, Cyrtarachninae spiders have evolved gluey capture threads that adhere well to moths. Cyrtarachne capture threads contain large glue droplets oversaturated with water, readily flowing but also prone to drying out. Here, we compare the spreading and adhesion of Cyrtarachne akirai glue on intact mothwings, denuded cuticle and glass to the glue of a common orb-weaving spider, Larinioides cornutus, to understand how C. akirai glue overcomes dirty surfaces. Videos show that C. akirai 's glue spreading accelerates along the underlying moth cuticle after the glue seeps beneath the moth scales—not seen on denuded cuticle or hydrophilic glass. Larinioides cornutus glue droplets failed to penetrate the moth scales, their force of adhesion thus limited by the strength of attachment of scales to the cuticle. The large size and low viscosity of C. akirai glue droplets function together to use the three-dimensional topography of the moth's scales against itself via capillary forces. Infrared spectroscopy shows C. akirai glue droplets readily lose free-flowing water. We hypothesize that this loss of water leads to increased viscosity during spreading, increasing cohesive forces during pull-off. This glue's two-phase behaviour shows how natural selection can leverage a defensive specialization of prey against themselves and highlights a new design principle for synthetic adhesives for adhering to troublesome surfaces.

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Jeremić-Molnar, Dragana. "Self-parodical consequences of operatic parody." New Sound, no. 42 (2013): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/newso1341110j.

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With rare exceptions, the critical response to the opera The Perfect American, whose protagonist is Walt Disney, was lukewarm. For the most part, the critics blamed its modest result on Rudy Wurlitzer's libretto, described as incoherent, dramatically limited and lame, even boring. The input of the composer Philip Glass, the most distinguished name in the artistic team that created The Perfect American, received higher marks, but even those who praised some of his compositional solutions (and especially his trade skills) unanimously concluded that the music nevertheless had not reached a high enough level to compensate for the deficiencies in the libretto. In the interpretations available so far, the opera was generally understood to be a (failed) attempt at depicting Disney as an insufficiently talented person with an idea, who built his empire by shamelessly appropriating the merits of those who, thanks to their talents, were able to carry out his idea. The author in this text wants to show that the opera can be perceived in quite a different way: as an allegory of contemporary American culture, torn between its cosmopolitism and humanistic openness, on the one hand, and provincialism and parochial rigidity, on the other; this duality is encapsulated in Disney's character per se, hiding behind a porous façade of perfection. The text reads that Glass's music did not succeed in supporting this dimension of Wurlitzer's libretto, thus inadvertently adding a self-parodical layer to its parodical content. Since the composer failed to come to grips with the dramatic challenges he was facing, the music constantly circled in a hiatus between bold avant-garde pretensions and hackneyed forms of minimalist mannerism.

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Imani, Monireh, Ali Ghasemian, Mohammad Reza Dehghani-Firouzabadi, Elyas Afra, Patrick A. C. Gane, and Orlando J. Rojas. "Nano-lignocellulose from recycled fibres in coatings from aqueous and ethanolic media: effect of residual lignin on wetting and offset printing quality." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 34, no. 2 (May 26, 2019): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2018-0053.

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Abstract Nano-lignocellulose (NLC) and lignin-free nanocellulose (nano-holocellulose, NHC) were used in paper coating to investigate their effect on coating layer quality and offset printing. The NLC was produced by microfluidisation of unbleached secondary fibres while the reference NHC was obtained from the same fibre source after lignin removal (OHEPH bleaching), following the same mechanical process. TEMPO-mediated oxidation of the fibres prior to microfluidisation was applied to increase the electrostatic charge and hydrophilicity of the nanofibrils. The coatings, displaying given surface morphology and energy, were applied on Kraft, printing-grade papers at three grammage levels. The structure of the coated and uncoated (reference) papers were accessed (SEM and AFM) and IGT printing was carried out to determine the print density, print gloss, rub-off resistance, surface energy, roughness, ink transfer, dry pick resistance, water interference and set-off. The results highlight the important effect of residual lignin or type of nanocellulose on the coating layer and the development of offset printing properties. It was observed that roughness was a key factor leading to a deterioration of the print properties, predominantly affecting the NLC coating. Considering the lower hydrophilicity of NLC, an alternative dispersion with water-alcohol mixtures is proposed. By using this dispersing medium, tailorable surface coverage, surface smoothness, ink acceptance and improved printability was achieved. We show that under these conditions and compared to NHC, NLC is equally effective as a coating layer.

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Alfitri, Tafki Aunika Fariz, and Iman Setiono. "RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENGATURAN ARAH PUTAR MOTOR DC POWER WINDOWS BERBASIS PLC PANASONIC MENGGUNAKAN HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE (HMI)." Gema Teknologi 19, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/gt.v19i2.21864.

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Tafki Aunika Fariz Alfitri, Iman Setiono, in this paper explain that at this time human life has become more advanced especially in the field of science and technology, all people compete to create technology that is useful and easy for humans. At present the equipment in general has used a remote monitoring and operation system. This system usually uses a microcontroller or PLC as a control. In an effort to facilitate human work, in this case I tried to make a design setting the direction of rotation of the DC power windows. This DC power windows motor is usually used in the car to move the windshield up and down. This Windows power DC motor uses a power supply of 12 volt DC and the output is between 0-5 Volt. This design uses Panasonic PLC as its main control. By using the relay as a reverse rotation setting and forward DC power windows, the motor will automatically move in reverse and forward. The input of a 24 Volt DC panasonic PLC originating from the adapter. The design of this tool can later be applied to a glass in the car by using the Panasonic PLC as its control and other component components needed in the design of the rotary direction arrangement. In the operation by way of toch screen using a human machine interface as a contruction tool to drive the DC power window to spin in reverse or forward Keywords: Panasonic Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Relay, Human Machine Interface (HMI).ReferencesAndrik, Rizki. Kontrol Arah dan Kecepatan Motor DC Menggunakan Android. http://library.um.ac.id. (diakses pada 20 Juni 2017, pukul 20.15)Utomo, Joko. Rancang Bangun Pengendali Dan Monitoring Motor DC Menggunakan Komputer Berbasis Mikrokontroller. http://digilib.unila.ac.id. (diakses pada 16 Juni 2017, pukul 19.30).Hart, Daniel W. 2011. Power Electronics. Singapore: Mc Graw Hill.Raharjo, dkk. 2005. Teori Dasar Elektronika dan Mengenal Komponen Elektronika. Departemen Pendidikan Nasional : JakartaGὂnen, Turan. 1988. Modern Power Sistem Analisis. Amerika Serikat: CRC PressKusuma, Arya. Pengertian Programmable Logic Control (PLC) dan Jenis-Jenis PLC. kusumawarya.blogspot.co.id. (diakses pada 29 Mei 2017, pukul 19.30)Abenk. Prinsip kerja PLC. http://www.insinyoer.com/prinsip-kerja-plc programmable-logic-controller/. (diakses pada 30 Mei 2017, pukul 07.00)Herman, Stephen. 2005. Understanding Motor Controls. New York : delmar cengage learningApyanti, Riska. PWM. http://riskaapyanti.blogspot.co.id.(diakses pada 2 Juni 2017, pukul 09.30)Kho, Dickson. Pengertian Relay dan Fungsinya. www.teknikelektronika.com. (diakses pada 30 Mei 2017, pukul 09.15)Sukamdani, Yunus . Motor DC Power Window. www.yunusarisumpurworejo powerwindow.blogspot.co.id. (diakses pada 26 Mei 2017, pukul 20.15)Rudy. HMI. http://xbrey.blogspot.co.id. (diakses pada 1 Juni 2017, pukul 20.00)

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