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Journal articles on the topic 'Rudista'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Alencáster Ybarra, Gloria. "Nueva Rudista (Bivalva-Hippuritacea) del Cretácico Inferior del Municipio de Pihuamo, Jalisco." Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana 47, no. 1 (1986): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/bsgm1986v47n1a4.

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2

Skelton, Peter W., Eulàlia Gili, and Jean-Pierre Masse. "Rudists as successful sediment-dwellers, not reef-builders, on Cretaceous carbonate platforms." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008315.

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The claim that rudist bivalves competitively displaced corals from reef frameworks in the Cretaceous combines two assertions: (1) that rudist formations commonly developed as reefs; and (2) that the autecology of rudists was convergent with that of hermatypic corals. We dispute both assertions, and thus reject the hypothesis of competitive displacement. We argue instead that mobile sediments, rather than frameworks, dominated the margins of most of the extensive carbonate platforms of the period, and that it was on these non-reefal biotopes that the rudists flourished.Definitions of reefs tend to combine two major elements: (1) a robust biogenic framework (with accompanying sedimentary and diagenetic components); and (2) topographical relief. Such definitions are clearly rooted in Recent coral reefs, in which endosymbiotic zooxanthellae permit the extensive growth of colonial coral frameworks in shallow but relatively nutrient-poor waters and topography is largely the legacy of Pleistocene changes in sea-level. In rudist formations, in contrast, individual rudist aggregations are volumetrically limited, relative to sediment, often loosely constructed, and evidently showed little relief. Tabular and small lenticular units predominate.Differences in structure and palaeoenvironmental situation between rudist and coralgal associations are the effect of the different autecologies of the constituent organisms. While the clonal growth of corals predisposed them to framework development, the aclonal development of rudists was better suited to the opportunistic occupation of a variety of temporarily available substrata. Moreover, the tolerances and growth responses of rudists to such factors as water turbidity, nutrients and current regime were quite different from those of hermatypic corals. Despite repeated assertions in the literature that rudists possessed zooxanthellae, only a few species show any evidence for such a symbiosis and other evidence suggests that most lacked them.Rudist/coral competition is therefore doubtful, even though members of both groups co-occur in many areas. The relative demise and migration into deeper water of coral frameworks in the Cretaceous was thus probably independently caused.

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3

Scott, Robert W., Xiaqiao Wan, Jingeng Sha, and Shi-Xuan Wen. "Rudists of Tibet and the Tarim Basin, China: Significance to Requieniidae phylogeny." Journal of Paleontology 84, no. 3 (May 2010): 444–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/09-137.1.

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Rudists are a principal biotic component of Cretaceous carbonates in Tibet and in the Western Tarim Basin. Barremian to Maastrichtian carbonate units are widespread on the northern margin of the Indian Plate and in Tethyan tectonic slices that were welded onto Eurasia in successive stages during the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene. In far northwestern Tibet, Barremian-Cenomanian endemic rudists and cosmopolitan orbitolinid foraminifera occupied isolated carbonate platforms in the eastern Tethys. Rudists, corals, and stromatoporoids composed bioherms up to 10 m thick and several kilometers in lateral extent. A unique endemic requieniid rudist,Rutonia, is compared to morphologically similar but older, less derived genera. Associated specimens in this assemblage are indeterminate requieniid valves, monopleurids, and two genera with three radiolitid species that are re-described and taxonomic positions re-evaluated. In southern Tibet, mainly endemic Campanian-Maastrichtian radiolitid rudists and cosmopolitan larger benthic foraminifera contributed to carbonate shelves on the northern Indian Plate near the Cretaceous equator. In the Western Tarim Basin Cenomanian strata yield Tethyan rudist species.Coiling morphometric analysis using the three-dimensional morphology Raup diagram shows that Requieniidae valves in contact with the substrate are convergent with the basic gastropod shell. More derived strongly coiled, younger requieniids were adapted to encrusting or semi-infaunal habits. Stratigraphic analysis confirms that Requieniidae diversity crises coincided with Cretaceous oceanic anoxic eventsTwo end members of valve geometry each appear to be primitive and derived characters respectively and separate the family Requieniidae into two clades that are here recognized as two new subfamilies. The end members are defined by the coiling geometry, whether the spire is close to the plane of commissure or it is translated along the coiling axis and by myophore structures. The older matheroniform clade has a low spirogyrate LV that is translated slightly from the commissure along the coiling axis; this group is composed ofMatheronia(and its subgenusMonnieria),Hypelasma, Lovetchenia, Rutonia, andKugleria.Genera in the younger clade have a tall trochospiral LV that is translated along the coiling axis and consists ofRequienia, Toucasia, Pseudotoucasia, Apricardia, Bayleoidea, andBayleia.Claditics support these relationships.

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4

Zambetakis - Lekkas, A., and A. Kemeridou. "LOFTUSIA CF. ANATOLICA HORIZON IN UPPER MAASTRICHTIAN LIMESTONES OF THE EASTERN GREECE PLATFORM (MOUNT PTOON, BOEOTIA, GREECE): PALAEOBIOGEOGRAPHICAL REMARKS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 2 (July 23, 2018): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16818.

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Researches on upper Cretaceous limestones from the Eastern Greece platform in the area between Kokkinon and Akrefnion (Boeotia, Greece) revealed the presence of a horizon rich in Loftusia cf. anatolica (foraminifer). In this horizon, of late Maastrichtian age, L. cf. anatolica is associated with debris of Rudists, Orbitoides media, O. apiculata, O. gensacicus, Siderolites calcitrapoides, Omphalocyclus macroporus, Hellenocyclina beotica, Miliolidae, Dasycladaceae and echinoderms. It is found in an undisturbed sequence of limestones, where both the underlying and the overlying horizons are of the same facies and contain debris of Rudists, Hellenocyclina beotica, Orbitoides media, Siderolites calcitrapoides, Sulcoperculina sp., Rotaliidae, Mélobesiées,Nummofallotia sp., echinoderms. L. cf. anatolica is confined in the above mentioned horizon and it is found neither in the underlying nor in the overlying beds. This fades reflects an outer shelf environment in front of the rudist reefs. It is the first time that this species is reported in situ in Greece in an undisturbed stratigraphie sequence of upper Cretaceous limestones up to Paleocene flysch.

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5

Skelton, Peter W., José Manuel Castro, and Pedro Alejandro Ruiz-Ortiz. "Aptian carbonate platform development in the Southern Iberian Palaeomargin (Prebetic of Alicante, SE Spain)." BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 190 (2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2019001.

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The Aptian stratigraphic record of the Alicante region consists of: a rudist and coral-rich carbonate platform of earliest Aptian age (Llopis Formation), with a discontinuous siliciclastic member at its top; followed by late Early, to Late Aptian hemipelagic marls and marlstones (Almadich Formation); and then by renewed carbonate platform development of Late Aptian to earliest Albian age (Seguilí Formation). In the Llopis Formation, SW-dipping, massive clinoform beds of bioclastic debris are succeeded by flat-lying platform-top beds. The latter show a cyclically regressive stacking of biofacies, with rudist-dominated floatstone in their lower parts passing upwards to finer-grained, more sparsely fossiliferous bed tops with burrow mottling. Caprinid rudists, with originally almost wholly aragonitic shells, dominate the external platform-top facies, while more internal facies contain a mix of monopleurid, polyconitid and requieniid rudists, all with relatively slightly thicker development of the calcitic outer shell layer, together with caprinids. Biostratigraphic and carbon-isotope data link the termination of the Llopis platform with the onset of OAE1a. The carbonate platform of the Seguilí Formation again contains tabular platform-top beds showing repeated cyclic regression, with dense rudist and/or chondrodont floatstones overlain by sparser floatstones with wackestone matrix and secondarily filled burrows. But caprinids are now absent, while requieniids and polyconitids, some of large size, as well as radiolitids, all with thickened calcitic outer shell layers, accompany the tubular monopleurid, Mathesia, together with a greater development of Chondrodonta biofacies. The same overall pattern of biotic turnover from the Early, to the Late Aptian is confirmed in other parts of Iberia and contiguous regions. Moreover, Iberian platforms of late Early Aptian age outside the present study area reveal a transitional phase with an increasing proportion of polyconitids in the outer platform-top to upper slope facies at the expense of caprinids. The siliciclastic influx at the top of the Llopis Formation implies a climatic shift from arid, to relatively more humid/pluvial conditions through the mid-Early Aptian, as seen in several other Iberian sections. This climatic change was probably forced by the intensified greenhouse conditions at the onset of OAE1a. By contrast with these Iberian platforms, caprinids continued to dominate the outer platform-top zones of some central to southern Tethyan platforms until the close of the Early Aptian. This broad palaeolatitudinal differentiation of rudist associations within the Tethyan belt implies a climatic influence, whether exerted through thermal modulation of seawater pH and/or aragonite saturation, variation in nutrient flux, or any combination of these.

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6

Jones, Douglas S., and David Nicol. "Origination, survivorship, and extinction of rudist taxa." Journal of Paleontology 60, no. 1 (January 1986): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000021557.

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Rudists arose in the Late Jurassic and survived for nearly 100 m.y. before becoming extinct at the end of the Cretaceous. Over this interval they diversified gradually during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, rapidly in the mid-Cretaceous, then more slowly in the Late Cretaceous. Total rates of origination and extinction during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous were uniform and comparable to those reported for other groups. The Late Cretaceous, however, was characterized by high and widely fluctuating total origination and extinction rates. Per taxon rates reveal a similar pattern except for high and variable rates in the Jurassic. The number of genera increased from the Oxfordian to a peak in the Cenomanian, decreased in the Turonian and Coniacian coinciding with a minor mass extinction event, and rose to a zenith in the Maastrichtian. Unlike other groups investigated, the rudists were at their highest level of diversity immediately prior to their disappearance.Rudist genera survived for a mean of 12 m.y., whereas families survived for a mean of 48 m.y. Survivorship curves for generic cohorts, based upon survival of all rudist genera that evolved during each stage, exhibit a concave shape when the effects of mass extinction and variance at low diversities are considered. Causal factors involved in the final disappearance of the rudists remain unclear; however, their tropical provinciality in the Late Cretaceous contributed to their vulnerability to mass extinction.

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7

HATTORI, KELLY E., CHARLES KERANS, and ROWAN C. MARTINDALE. "SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEOECOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF AN ALBIAN CORAL-RUDIST PATCH REEF, ARIZONA, USA." PALAIOS 34, no. 12 (December 17, 2019): 600–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2019.052.

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ABSTRACT Fossilized reefs can preserve critical information about changes in marine environments over a relatively short period of time. The interpretation of these changes is often hindered by the complexity of reef growth with respect to architecture, biotic zonation, and time. High-resolution mapping and data collection incorporating both sequence stratigraphical and paleoecological principles are needed to document the architectural complexity of reef development. To demonstrate this, we present a case study in which both principles are integrated to build a new stratigraphic framework for an Albian-aged rudist-coral patch reef outcrop (Paul Spur, Bisbee, AZ, USA). The dataset reveals that the outcrop preserves five stages of development: (1) initial shoal deposition; (2) pioneer reef growth; (3) reef diversification; (4) reef hiatus; and (5) rudist shoal development. These stages represent periods of deposition and reef growth within high-frequency transgressive-regressive sequences. Interpretations of sedimentological and paleoecological data are then used to demonstrate the variable influence of different environmental controls on reef growth. Prevailing wind and current direction act as higher order controls on overall reef architecture by influencing windward-leeward asymmetry. Fluctuations in relative water depth as well as sedimentation rate, source, and type is an important influence on reef community and growth habit. Though corals and rudists cohabited during much of the reef's history, corals dominated when water depth was greater and external sediment influx lesser, whereas rudists dominated in shallow water depths and during periods of high external sediment influx. This work demonstrates that detailed evaluation of stratigraphy and paleoecology, as well as careful consideration of timelines and heterogeneity, is essential for building an accurate stratigraphic framework that allows a more thorough understanding of processes driving reef growth.

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8

Alencaster, Gloria, and Jerjes Pantoja-Alor. "The rudist Amphitriscoelus (Bivalvia-Hippuritacea) in the lower Cretaceous of southwestern Mexico." Journal of Paleontology 70, no. 3 (May 1996): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000038336.

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The emended descriptions of the genus Amphitriscoelus and the species A. waringi Harris and Hodson are given, and a new species is proposed (A. pluriloculata). These rudist bivalves are derived from a thick Lower Cretaceous sequence of carbonate sediments interlayered with siliciclastic, volcaniclastic, and volcanic rocks in southwestern Mexico, near Huetamo, in the State of Michoacan. The species belong to a recently discovered rich fauna containing other rudists, nerineid gastropods, orbitolinid foraminifers, and calcareous algae. The fauna shows a close affinity with the Amphitriscoelus fauna of northern South America. Similar assemblages are also present in Texas, Cuba and other Mexican localities. The wide distribution of the fauna allows interpretation of paleogeographic relations among all the regions as well as interpretation of paleoecological similarities. The existence of an homogeneous large faunistic province during the Early Cretaceous is suggested.

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9

Hernández, Javier Ortega. "Rudists." Geology Today 27, no. 2 (March 2011): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2451.2011.00790.x.

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10

ΜΕΡΜΙΓΚΗ, Α., Α. ΜΑΡΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ - ΔΙΑΚΑΝΤΩΝΗ, and Α. ΖΑΜΠΕΤΑΚΗ - ΛΕΚΚΑ. "New paleontological and stratigraphical data on the upper - cretaceous transgression of the Pelagonian zone s.l. (Marmeiko, Ptoon Mt. NE Beotia)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17104.

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This paper concerns the study of a transgressive series, which overlies the upperjurassic oolitic limestones of subpelagonian zone, as well as the lateritic deposits, resulting from the alteration of the ophiolitic and fill the karstic cavities of the above mentioned limestones in NE Beotia (Fig.l). The purpose of this study is to• elucidate the age of the transgression, that occurred on the Jurassic limestones of the pelagonian platform at this region.• Discuss about the observed diachronism of the Late Cretaceous transgression on the Pelagonian platform.It is based on the study of micro- and macrofauna occurred in a section we describe in the "Marmeiko" area, on the Ptoon mountain. NOETH (1931) was the first who defined as Upper Turonian the age of the transgressive series, based on the study of Rudists. Later, BIGNOT & GUERNET (1968) studied the microfauna and attributed an age of lower Senonian. STEUBER (1993) based on the study of Hippuritidae, defined as Turonian and later (1995) as Turonian - Coniacian the age of the transgessive series. The basal part of the series consists of marls and marly limestones alternations. An abundant micro and macrofauna is found in this part of the section, as well as the first Rudist biostrome. In the middle part of the section 2 Rudist biostroms alternate with bioclastic limestones, containing abundant microfauna. In the upper part marls alternate with cherty limestones. The determinated micro- and macrofauna (Fig. 1), precises the age of the transgressive series as Santonian. This result confirms the diachronism of the transgressive phenomenon on the Pelagonian Upper- Jurassic limestones and the overthrusted ophiolites (AUBOUIN et al. 1960, BRUNN et al. 1972, KALLERGIS & ALBANTAKIS 1970, MAVRIDIS et al. 1979, NOETH 1931, BIGNOT & GUERNET 1968, CLEMENT & FERRIERE 1973, BIGNOT et al. 1973, STEUBER 1993, 1995, SKARPELIS & ZAMBETAKIS – LEKKAS 1998)

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11

Vennin, Emmanuelle, and Marc Aurell. "Stratigraphie sequentielle de l'Aptien du sous-bassin de Galve (Province de Teruel, NE de l'Espagne)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 172, no. 4 (July 1, 2001): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/172.4.397.

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Abstract A correlation is established in a north-south transect based on continuous outcrops. Considering the different reference surfaces and the geometry, three major depositional sequences can be distinguished which can be subdivided into a complex arrangement of parasequences. These third-order sequences are composed of a lower retrogradational and an upper progradational trends. The first sequence contains orbitolinid bioaccumulations in the retrogradational trend and oolitic-bioclastic shoals in the progradational trend. The second sequence exhibits, from bottom to top, a transgressive, a regressive and a forced-regressive trends. Ammonite-rich marls characterise the transgressive trend, whereas bioconstructions rich in coral-chaetetids-microbialites are abundant in both regressive and forced-regressive trends. The maximum flooding of this sequence is widely distributed across the whole Iberian platform. Finally, the third sequence shows the installation of homogeneous rudistid bioaccumulations in a retrogradational and a progradational trends. Each major sequence boundary marks a community replacement, whose respective fossil associations are dominated by (1) orbitolinids, (2) corals-microbialites, (3) corals-chaetetids-microbialites, and (4) rudists.

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12

Squires, Richard L. "A new subgenus of neritid gastropod from the Upper Cretaceous of Baja California, Mexico." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 6 (November 1993): 1085–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000025452.

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Numerous specimens of the neritid gastropod Nerita (Bajanerita) n. subgen. californiensis (White, 1885) are present in the Upper Cretaceous Rosario Formation at Punta Banda, Baja California, Mexico (Figure 1). Marincovich (1975) assigned these strata to a Late Campanian to Early Maastrichtian age. The strata contain extensive biostromal deposits of the caprinid rudistid bivalve Coralliochama orcutti White, 1885, that probably lived below mean wave base in a shallow-water, low-energy environment periodically affected by storm waves or currents (Marincovich, 1975). The nearby shoreline was apparently defined by steep wave-washed bedrock cliffs and local pocket beaches that formed along the margin of a forearc basin (Yeo, 1984). Scattered about in the sandstone matrix among the rudistid remains are the small-sized specimens of N. (B.) californiensis, which commonly weather out as resistant, complete shells on the surface of the rock. Saul (1970) concluded that the neritid and other shallow-water gastropods at Punta Banda accumulated in sediment-trapping depressions within the Coralliochama buildups. These gastropods had originally roamed over the algal pastures of these buildups. The color patterns preserved on many of the specimens of N. (B.) californiensis also provide evidence that the depth of water was shallow and within the photic zone. Furthermore, Sohl (1971) reported that Campanian and Maastrichtian gastropod assemblages of the Baja California region are mostly associated with rudist buildups, and warm-water rocky intertidal neritids are among the dominant faunal elements. Lowenstam and Epstein (1959), using oxygen-isotope studies of an ammonite, suggested that the Punta Banda rudistids lived at a marginally tropical temperature of about 19°C.

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13

Sano, Shin-Ichi, Yasuhiro Iba, Peter W. Skelton, Jean-Pierre Masse, Yolanda M. Aguilar, and Tomoki Kase. "The evolution of canaliculate rudists in the light of a new canaliculate polyconitid rudist from the Albian of the Central Pacific." Palaeontology 57, no. 5 (January 31, 2014): 951–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pala.12096.

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14

Jablonski, David. "The rudists re-examined." Nature 383, no. 6602 (October 1996): 669–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/383669a0.

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15

Janson, Xavier, Keumsuk Lee, Chris Zahm, and Charles Kerans. "Ground-penetrating radar imaging of Albian rudist buildups, central Texas." Interpretation 3, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): SY67—SY81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0273.1.

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Rudist buildups are important reservoirs in many Cretaceous fields in the Middle East, but they are generally near or below seismic resolution. The dimension, shape, and architecture of rudist buildups can be assessed using outcrop, although only partly so because of pseudo-2D observations of geobodies intersecting with the outcrop. We used ground-penetrating radar to enhance our understanding of the shape, dimension, and architecture of Albian rudist buildups in two outcrops in Texas. In the Lake Georgetown spillway, caprinid rudist buildups are 10–30 m wide and 2–7 m high. They are elliptical with an aspect ratio of as much as 1.7. They show no or very little flank development. The older buildup exposed in the Red Bluff Creek area displays 10- to 25-m-wide and 5- to 10-m-high in situ caprinid rudist mound core accumulations with as much as 100-m-wide reworked flanks in the shallower part of the depositional profile. Downdip along the depositional profile, caprinid buildups are 5–20 m wide and 3–7 m high with no flank debris. The buildups in the Lake Georgetown area have similar architecture and comparable size with the downdip buildups exposed in Red Bluff Creek. These buildups were compared with other outcropping Albian buildups in Texas that have different sizes, shapes, and stratigraphic architecture to provide dimensional data that could be used in subsurface reservoir modeling, either for calibrating variogram ranges or to build training images. The rudist buildups exposed in Texas are an order of magnitude smaller than those present in the subsurface in the Middle East, but they have comparable stratigraphic architecture. The size difference might be the result of subsurface buildups being mapped using well-log or core correlations or seismic extractions that cannot resolved at that scale of heterogeneity.

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16

Pukacz, Andrzej, Mariusz Pełechaty, Marcin Frankowski, Artur Kowalski, and Kinga Zwijacz-Koszałka. "Seasonality of Water Chemistry, Carbonate Production, and Biometric Features of Two Species ofCharain a Shallow Clear Water Lake." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/167631.

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The objective of this study was to analyze the temporal variability of biometric features and the carbonate production of two charophytes:Chara polyacanthaA. Braun andChara rudisA. Braun against the background of the physical-chemical properties of water. The investigation was carried out in a small, mid-forest Lake Jasne (western Poland). It is a polymictic, mesotrophic, hardwater ecosystem dominated by charophyte vegetation. Each month, 10 individuals of each species were characterized in terms of morphometric features, fresh and dry weight, and the percentage of calcium carbonate. Additionally, physical-chemical parameters of the water were studied. The results of physical-chemical analyses indicated similar habitat conditions for both species. Despite smaller dry weightC. polyacanthawas characterized by greater morphological variability and higher rates of growth and percentage share of calcium carbonate in dry mass thanC. rudis. The percentage of calcium carbonates in dry mass did not differ significantly between the species and exceeded 60%, reaching the maximum (76% inC. polyacantha) in July and August. For both species, distinct correlations between the structure of biomass and morphological features were found. The obtained results show the great importance of charophyte vegetation in carbon cycling and functioning of lake ecosystems.

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17

Skelton, Peter William. "The geometry of rudist lithosomes." Géologie Méditerranéenne 28, no. 1 (2001): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/geolm.2001.1712.

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18

Pons, Jose Maria, Enric Vicens, and Pedro García-Barrera. "Campanian and Maastrichtian plagioptychid rudists (Hippuritida, Bivalvia) of the Chiapas Central Depression, southern Mexico." Journal of Paleontology 91, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 230–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.153.

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AbstractPlagioptychids are a conspicuous, although minor, component in uppermost Cretaceous rudist-bearing outcrops of the Caribbean Province, where other rudist families are more abundant and diverse. In the Chiapas Central Depression, the plagioptychid rudist fauna includes the following taxa: Plagioptychus antillarum (Douvillé) and Mitrocaprina sp. from the middle Campanian Suchiapa Formation, Plagioptychus muellerriedi Alencáster from the early Maastrichtian Ocozocoautla Formation, and Plagioptychus fragilis Chubb and Mitrocaprina tschoppi (Palmer) from the late Maastrichtian Angostura Formation. These five species are described in detail and some probable synonymies are discussed. Analysis of the literature on American plagioptychids reveals that the characters of too many taxa are still insufficiently known to attempt any thorough phylogenetic analysis. Other lines of evidence also seem to indicate that American Plagioptychidae diversity is probably higher than recognized today, which might result in a more significant difference to Plagioptychidae of the Mediterranean Tethys.

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19

Saleh, Dr Afrah H. "Microfacies analysis and petrographic study of the Mishrif Formation, in selected wells from southeastern of Iraq." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 9, no. 1 (May 5, 2021): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v9i1.275.

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Mishrif carbonates formation, is a major reservoir in southeast of Iraq and is one of the principle carbonate reservoir in central and southern Iraq, which is of Late Cenomanian to Early Turronian. A petrographic and depositional Environment study has been carried out by examining available thin sections in the Ministry of Oil for wells (No-1, No-2 (Noor field), Am-1(Amara field) and Hf-1 (Halfaya field)). The main skeletal grains of the Mishrif formation include coral, Rudist, large and small benthonic Foraminifera & planktonic Foraminifera (Planktonic Foraminifera are common in the lower part of the Mishrif Formation), ostracods, echinoderms, and molluscs. The Rudist were found in small to large fragments; and as a complete fossil covering the whole thin section. The Non-skeletal grains included peloids, and micrite. The most important diagenetic processes affecting on the Mishrif Formation are dolomitization, dissolution, cementation, micritization, recrystallization and Stylolite. Mishrif succession comprises six paleoenvironments which are deep marine, shallow open marine, rudist biostrome, shoal, back shoal, and lagoon.

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Vladimirskii, V. V., A. D. Galanin, Aleksandr S. Gerasimov, T. S. Saritskaya, Boris L. Ioffe, M. V. Kazarnovskii, A. K. Kalugin, et al. "Aleksei Petrovich Rudik (Obituary)." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 163, no. 12 (1993): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0163.199312d.0089.

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21

Xu, Yiwei, Xiumian Hu, Marcelle K. BouDagher-Fadel, Gaoyuan Sun, Wen Lai, Juan Li, and Shijie Zhang. "The major Late Albian transgressive event recorded in the epeiric platform of the Langshan Formation in central Tibet." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 498, no. 1 (October 17, 2019): 211–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp498-2019-8.

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AbstractGlobal sea-level changes strongly impact within-basin depositional patterns and the evolution of palaeoclimate, palaeogeography and palaeoecology. During the long, worldwide ice-free period in the mid-Cretaceous greenhouse time interval, high-frequency global sea-level changes were recorded in sedimentary archives. However, the causes of these global sea-level changes are still debated. In central Tibet, the 1 km-thick Langshan Formation has been dated to the late Aptian to early Cenomanian based on larger benthic foraminifera and accumulated in an epeiric seaway, thus, it provides a good opportunity to reconstruct the sea-level change and their controlling factors. Eleven distinct microfacies corresponding to three sedimentary environments have been identified in the Langshan Formation. Calcispheres marlstone and bioclastic wackestone with calcispheres were deposited in an open marine environment; coral rudstone, rudist rudstone and benthic foraminifera–rudist wackestone characterize were deposited in a rudist bank environment; and orbitolinids floatstone–rudstone, green algae packstone, bioclastic grainstone, orbitolinids wackestone with small benthic foraminifera, spicules wackestone and small benthic foraminifera wackestone–mudstone were deposited in a lagoonal environment. The Langshan Formation accumulated on an epeiric platform. This unit documents a sudden deepening event from a rudist bank to an open marine environment during the late Albian (c. 107 Ma). Integrating these findings with regional data from the literature, we infer that this deepening event was a widespread, roughly synchronous feature across the globe, and was controlled by a global sea-level rise related to the decay of polar ice sheets or the release of water from continental aquifers.

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Masse, Jean-Pierre, Christian Gourrat, Dominic Orbette, and Denis Schmuck. "Hauterivian rudist faunasof Southern Jura (France)." Geobios 31 (January 1998): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(98)80079-x.

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Özer, Sacit, Talip Güngör, Bilal Sarı, Enis Kemal Sagular, Muhittin Görmüş, and İzver Özkar-Öngen. "Cretaceous rudist-bearing platform carbonates from the Lycian Nappes (SW Turkey): Rudist associations and depositional setting." Cretaceous Research 79 (November 2017): 122–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.07.016.

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24

Sari, Bilal, Raif Kandemir, Sacit Özer, Ireneusz Walaszczyk, Muhittin Görmüş, Huriye Demircan, and Cemil Yilmaz. "Upper Campanian calciclastic turbidite sequences from the Hacımehmet area (eastern Pontides, NE Turkey): integrated biostratigraphy and microfacies analysis." Acta Geologica Polonica 64, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 393–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agp-2014-0022.

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Abstract The upper Campanian (Cretaceous) of the Hacımehmet area (south of the city of Trabzon; Eastern Pontides) is mainly composed of calciclastic turbidites. The basinal unit of the 119 m thick succession includes thin red pelagic limestone interlayers and conglomerates dominated by volcanic clasts. The overlying upper slope and lower slope units of the sequence consist of an alternation of allochthonous calcarenite/calcirudite beds and pelagic marls and mudstones. Calcarenite/calcirudite beds dominate the upper slope unit of the succession and are composed of transported material, including benthic foraminifers, red algae, bryozoan, crinoid and rudist fragments, inoceramid bivalve prisms and neritic and pelagic carbonate lithoclasts. The occurrence of Helicorbitoides boluensis (Sirel) extracted from the calcarenite/calcirudite beds indicates a Campanian age. Identifiable rudists such as Joufia reticulata Boehm, Bournonia cf. anatolica Ozer, Biradiolites cf. bulgaricus Pamouktchiev and ?Biradiolites sp. from the upper slope unit of the succession indicate a late Campanian- Maastrichtian age. The planktonic foraminifers within the red pelagic limestone beds, marls and mudstones throughout the succession consist mainly of Campanian-Maastrichtian forms and suggest mainly basinal depositional conditions. The presence of Radotruncana cf. calcarata (Cushman) accompanied by Globotruncanita elevata (Brotzen) in the basinal unit of the succession indicates an early late Campanian age for the lower part of the succession. Inoceramid bivalves have been collected from the upper part of the succession. The fauna is dominated by ‘Inoceramus’ tenuilineatus Hall and Meek, 1854 and Cataceramus haldemensis (Giers, 1964); other taxa recognised are: ‘Inoceramus’ algeriensis Heinz, 1932, Platyceramus vanuxemi (Meek and Hayden, 1860), ‘Inoceramus’ cf. nebrascensis Owen, 1852, Cataceramus aff. barabini (Morton, 1834), Cataceramus gandjaensis (Aliev, 1956), and ‘Inoceramus’ sp.; the assemblage indicates the ‘Inoceramus’ tenuilineatus Zone; corresponding to the middle-late Campanian boundary interval. The uppermost part of the succession is characterized by the presence of the trace fossils Scolicia strozzii and Scolicia isp., indicating a mixed Skolithos-Cruziana ichnofacies. This ichnofacies suggests a well-oxygenated environment.

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25

Banschbach, Valerie S., Rebecca Yeamans, Ann Brunelle, Annie Gulka, and Margaret Holmes. "Edge Effects on Community and Social Structure of Northern Temperate Deciduous Forest Ants." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/548260.

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Determining how ant communities are impacted by challenges from habitat fragmentation, such as edge effects, will help us understand how ants may be used as a bioindicator taxon. To assess the impacts of edge effects upon the ant community in a northern temperate deciduous forest, we studied edge and interior sites in Jericho, VT, USA. The edges we focused upon were created by recreational trails. We censused the ants at these sites for two consecutive growing seasons using pitfall traps and litter plot excavations. We also collected nests of the most common ant species at our study sites,Aphaenogaster rudis, for study of colony demography. Significantly greater total numbers of ants and ant nests were found in the edge sites compared to the interior sites but rarefaction analysis showed no significant difference in species richness.Aphaenogaster rudiswas the numerically dominant ant in the habitats sampled but had a greater relative abundance in the interior sites than in the edge sites both in pitfall and litter plot data. Queen number ofA. rudissignificantly differed between the nests collected in the edge versus the interior sites. Habitat-dependent changes in social structure of ants represent another possible indicator of ecosystem health.

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26

Scott, Robert W. "Albian Caprinid rudists from Texas re-evaluated." Journal of Paleontology 76, no. 3 (May 2002): 408–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000037276.

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Of the 33 caprinid rudist taxa reported from Albian strata in North America, only eighteen can be recognized unequivocally because many of the earlier named species were based on incomplete, altered, and poorly described specimens that do not meet rigorous criteria of modern rudist taxonomy. New data on five older taxa, “Caprina” crassifibra Roemer, 1849; “Caprina” guadalupe Roemer, 1849; “Caprina” occidentalis Conrad, 1855; “Caprina” planata Conrad, 1855, and “Icthyosarcolites” anguis Roemer, 1888, show that these species cannot be compared to current rudist taxa nor identified with certainty and therefore they should not be used in biostratigraphic, paleoecologic, or biogeographic studies. Four other taxa are poorly known and should not be used until the types or new material can be studied. Six taxa are considered here to be junior synonyms. New material collected from Upper Albian strata in West Texas, the type area of Conrad's taxa, can be identified as Kimbleia albrittoni Perkins, 1961; Kimbleia capacis Coogan, 1973; Texicaprina vivari Palmer, 1928; and Mexicaprina cornuta Coogan, 1973. The ranges of these four taxa define three zones within Upper Albian carbonates in central and west Texas.

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27

Pons, Jose Maria, Enric Vicens, and Reinhard Schmidt-Effing. "Campanian rudists (Hippuritida, Bivalvia) from Costa Rica (Central America)." Journal of Paleontology 90, no. 2 (March 2016): 211–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.27.

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AbstractThe Campanian rudist fauna identified from the localities Playa Panamá, Santa Rosa National Park, Colorado de Abangares, and Bolsón in Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica, is composed of the antillocaprinidsAntillocaprinasp. aff.A. suboccidentalisChubb, 1967,Antillocaprinasp. and Antillocaprinidae indet.; the multiple-fold hippuritidsBarrettia moniliferaWoodward, 1862,Parastroma trechmanniChubb, 1967, and cf.Whitfieldiella gigas(Chubb, 1955); the plagioptychidsPlagioptychus trechmanniChubb, 1956,Plagioptychussp. cf.P. zansiChubb, 1956,Mitrocaprina costaricaensisnew species,Mitrocaprina multicanaliculataChubb, 1956, and Plagioptychidae indet.; and the radiolitidsRadiolitessp. aff.R. multicostata(Adkins, 1930),Alencasteritesnew genusmooretownensis(Trechmann, 1924),Bournonia?tetrahedron(Chubb, 1967),Chiapasellasp.,Guanacastea costaricaensisnew genus new species, cf.Potositessp. aff.P. tristantorresiAlencáster and Pons in Pons et al., 2010, and aff.Thyrastylonsp. Although some differences in rudist diversity and sedimentary setting were observed among localities, most species indicate the same age for all occurrences, which correspond to the Campanian, probably mid-Campanian. Radiolitid specimens appear better preserved than those of other taxa and are thus discussed more in detail. Both the number of radiolitid genera exclusively known from the New World, and reasonable doubts about the correct attribution of some New World species to Old World genera, indicate important differences between rudist faunas at both sides of the Atlantic (Mediterranean and American Tethys, respectively) during the Late Cretaceous.

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28

Chartrousse, Alexandre. "The myocardinal organization of coalcomaninid rudists revisited." Geobios 31 (January 1998): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(98)80066-1.

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29

Seilacher, Adolf. "Rudists: Bivalve Morphospace Abandoned and Re-Entered." Paleontological Society Special Publications 8 (1996): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200003531.

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30

SCOTT, ROBERT W. "ALBIAN CAPRINID RUDISTS FROM TEXAS RE-EVALUATED." Journal of Paleontology 76, no. 3 (May 2002): 408–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360(2002)076<0408:acrftr>2.0.co;2.

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31

Jože, Čar. "Ladinian skonca beds of the Idrija Ore Deposit (W Slovenia)." Geologija 56, no. 2 (December 30, 2013): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2013.010.

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32

Donovan, Stephen Kenneth. "A Plain Man's Guide to Rudist Bivalves." Journal of Geological Education 40, no. 4 (September 1992): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5408/0022-1368-40.4.313.

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33

Johnson, Claudia. "The Rise and Fall of Rudist Reefs." American Scientist 90, no. 2 (2002): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1511/2002.2.148.

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34

Pons, Jose Maria, Enric Vicens, Yolanda Pichardo, Javier Aguilar, Angélica Oviedo, Gloria Alencaster, and Pedro García-Barrera. "A New Early Campanian Rudist Fauna from San Luis Potosi in Mexico and Its Taxonomic and Stratigraphic Significance." Journal of Paleontology 84, no. 5 (September 2010): 974–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/09-169.1.

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A rudist fauna composed of the radiolitids Potosites tristantorresi new genus, new species and Radiolites acutocostata (Adkins), the hippuritids Barrettia cf. ruseae Chubb, Torreites sanchezi (Douvillé), and Vaccinites vermunti Mac Gillavry, plagioptychids, and antillocaprinids is described from a rudist limestone succession in the central Mexican State of San Luis Potosí. The previously known species, one radiolitid from Texas and three hippuritids from the Caribbean Biogeographic Province, indicate the early Campanian. The new genus is a large radiolitid with a coiled and canaliculated left valve. New observations on R. acutocostata and V. vermunti shell morphology and variability are provided. Observations made on well preserved specimens of the latter species clarify the outer shell layer structure of the hippuritids right valve and has taxonomic implications. This is the first report of genus Torreites in Mexico and one of the northernmost records of genus Barrettia, already reported in southern Mexico from Chiapas State. This rudist limestone succession (informally ‘Temazcal limestones’ herein) is an easy-to-recognize cartographical unit; up to now it and Santonian and Turonian units have been mapped as the El Abra Formation in most available geological maps. Recognition of the successive carbonate platform intervals, between El Abra and Cardenas formations, improves the geological mapping and the understanding of the Mexican Gulf western margin evolution during the Late Cretaceous.

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35

Johnson, Claudia C. "Cretaceous Caribbean paleobiogeography: a comparison of the generic and species distributions of rudist bivalves in light of dispersal versus vicariance biogeography." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200007127.

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A dynamic interplay of tectonics and eustasy controlled the development and distribution of Cretaceous carbonate platforms, and subsequently influenced patterns of gene flow among tropical reef-forming rudist bivalves of the Caribbean Province. Mediterranean faunas first entered the Caribbean during the Valanginian, via trans-Atlantic larval drift. Larval drift distance was exceeded during the mid-Cretaceous opening of the Atlantic, and resulted in isolation of rudist gene pools and an Albian burst of endemism, the first of two for the Cretaceous. Following a Cenomanian, Turonian and Coniacian diversity drop, Caribbean endemism climbed again during the Santonian, Campanian and Maastrichtian. This second explosion of endemism is attributed, in part, to vicariance biogeography as Caribbean terranes split and became isolated, and in part to biotic factors (competition, niche partitioning) as terranes collided when the Caribbean plate moved eastward from its Pacific Ocean origin. Paleobiogeographic maps were compiled per stage of the Cretaceous, with substage resolution for the critical Albian, Campanian and Maastrichtian. Data utilized were 58 genera and 214 species of rudist bivalves plotted on Recent mercator projections and on 119, 100, 95, and 80 million year plate tectonic reconstructions. Diversity trends and indices of similarity were analyzed in drawing paleobiogeographic divisions. Generic plots delineated regions of tropical carbonate sedimentation, the northern and southern limits of reef building, and fluctuations of this reef line through time. Generic plots also identified areas with the greatest generic diversity per stage, and defined the timing and regional extent of the postulated Supertethyan climate zone. Paleobiogeographic plots revealed that Tropical reef-building in the Caribbean Province was wholly north of the paleoequator - a major paleoclimatic dilemna. Species plots mimicked those of genera for the Valanginian, Barremian, Turonian, Coniacian, and Santonian, but provided important new details of the movements of terranes, dispersal pathways, and isolation of rudist gene pools for the Aptian, Albian, Cenomanian, Campanian and Maastrichtian. These detailed data, the first to combine Cretaceous Tropical paleontology with Caribbean tectonic reconstructions, provide a framework for testing rates, patterns, and causes of evolution among Tropical bivalves.

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36

Pleničar, Mario, Bogdan Jurkovšek, and Stanko Buser. "Redeposited Rudists in Paleocene Flysch near Anhovo (Slovenia)." Geologija 44, no. 1 (June 30, 2001): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2001.009.

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37

Philip, Jean, and Jean-Pierre Platel. "Praetorreites, nouveau genre de rudiste du Campanien d'Oman." Geobios 27, no. 3 (January 1994): 303–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(94)80179-7.

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38

Gili, Eulàlia, Peter W. Skelton, Enric Vicens, and Antonio Obrador. "Corals to rudists—an environmentally induced assemblage succession." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 119, no. 1-2 (December 1995): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(95)00064-x.

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39

Pons, Jose Maria, Enric Vicens, and Pedro García-Barrera. "Campanian and Maastrichtian hippuritid rudists (Hippuritida, Bivalvia) of the Chiapas Central Depression (southern Mexico) and implications for American multiple-fold hippuritid taxonomy." Journal of Paleontology 93, no. 2 (December 27, 2018): 291–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2018.78.

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AbstractHippuritids, particularly those with multiple-folds, are one of the most characteristic components in uppermost Cretaceous rudist-bearing strata of the Caribbean Province. The hippuritid rudist fauna of the Chiapas Central Depression includes the following taxa:Vaccinites vermuntiMac Gillavry, 1937 andBarrettiacf.B. ruseaeChubb, 1967 from the early Campanian Suchiapa Formation;B. moniliferaWoodward, 1862,B. gigasChubb, 1955, andParastroma trechmanniChubb, 1967 from the mid Campanian Suchiapa Formation; andPraebarrettia sparcilirata(Whitfield, 1897) from the early Maastrichtian Ocozocoautla Formation. These six species are described herein in detail. New observations on the outer shell layer structure of the right valve and the pore-canal system of the left valve led to amending the diagnoses of the g|eneraBarrettiaWoodward, 1862,ParastromaDouvillé, 1926, andPraebarrettiaTrechmann, 1924. Also, the revision of Chiapas’ and other American species of multiple-fold hippuritids led to proposed changes in their generic adscription.

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40

Pons, J. M., E. Vicens, L. Troya, and G. Lucena. "Luis Mariano Vidal (1842-1922) rudist taxa revisited." Treballs del Museu de Geologia de Barcelona 20 (December 2014): 45–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/tmgb.2014.20.0045.

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41

Gili, Eulàlia, and Michael LaBarbera. "Hydrodynamic behaviour of hippuritid rudist shells: Ecological consequences." Geobios 31 (January 1998): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(98)80072-7.

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42

Masse, Jean-Pierre, Consuelo Arias, and Lorenzo Vilas. "Lower Cretaceous rudist faunas ofSoutheast Spain: An overview." Geobios 31 (January 1998): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(98)80077-6.

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43

SANDERS, DIETHARD. "Shell disintegration and taphonomic loss in rudist biostromes." Lethaia 32, no. 2 (March 29, 2007): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1999.tb00528.x.

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44

Gili, Eulàlia, and Peter W. Skelton. "Factors regulating the development of elevator rudist congregations." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 178, no. 1 (2000): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2000.178.01.08.

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45

Pons, Jose Maria, Enric Vicens, Angélica Oviedo, Javier Aguilar, Pedro García-Barrera, and Gloria Alencáster. "The rudist fauna of the Cárdenas Formation, Maastrichtian, San Luis Potosí State, Mexico." Journal of Paleontology 87, no. 4 (July 2013): 726–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12-116.

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A Maastrichtian rudist fauna composed of the radiolitids Biradiolites aguilerae Böse, B. Cárdenasensis Böse, Huasteca ojanchalensis (Myers), Tampsia floriformis Myers, and Trechmannites rudissimus (Trechmann), the hippuritids Caribbea muellerriedi (Vermunt) and Praebarrettia sparcilirata (Whitfield) sensu lato, and the plagioptychids Coralliochama gbohemi Böse and Mitrocaprina tschoppi (Palmer) is described from the Cárdenas Formation in San Luis Potosí State, Mexico. Abundant fossil material and excellent preservation of a number of specimens allowed observation of both the internal and external shell characters and their ontogenetic and eco-phenotypic variability. The description of some hitherto insufficiently known species has been enhanced and/or completed, making easier their subsequent identification and allowing their unequivocal generic assignation. Two new genera, Huasteca and Trechmannites, are proposed for two already known species of radiolitids. The Cárdenas Formation exhibits a continuously exposed sequence in the vicinity of Cárdenas. Thus, precise stratigraphic location of all fossil localities and their rudist associations, ranging from the early to the early late Maastrichtian, has been possible.

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46

Philip, Jean, and Etienne Jaillard. "Revision of the Upper Cretaceous rudists from northwestern Peru." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 17, no. 1 (September 2004): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2004.05.008.

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47

Alencáster, Gloria, and Pedro García-Barrera. "Albian Radiolitid rudists (Mollusca Bivalvia) from East-Central Mexico." Geobios 41, no. 5 (September 2008): 571–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2008.04.001.

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48

Macé-Bordy, Jacqueline. "Alcide dˈOrbigny et les Rudistes." Comptes Rendus Palevol 1, no. 7 (December 2002): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1631-0683(02)00056-8.

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49

Hamza, Fawzi H. "Upper Cretaceous rudist-coral buildups associated with tectonic doming in the Abu Roash area, Egypt." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 1993, no. 2 (March 23, 1993): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/1993/1993/75.

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50

Scott, R. W., P. A. Fernandez-Mendiola, Eulalia Gili, and Antonio Simo. "Persistence of Coral-Rudist Reefs into the Late Cretaceous." PALAIOS 5, no. 2 (April 1990): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3514807.

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