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Journal articles on the topic 'Rühle'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mattick, Paul. "Otho Rühle e o movimento operário alemão – Parte I." Revista Novos Rumos 53, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/0102-5864.2016.v53n1.02.p3.

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Nesta edição da Seção Clássicos/Documentos da Revista Novos Rumos, apresentamos o texto de Paul Mattick "Otho Rühle e omovimento operário alemão" (parte II). Extraído de: Comunismo Anti-Bolchevique. Londres: Merlin Press, 1978. Tradução de Angélica Lovatto. O alemão Otho Rühle (1874-1943) foi fundador (junto com Karl Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburgo, entre outros) da Liga Espartaquista (1916).

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2

Mattick, Paul. "Otho Rühle e o movimento operário alemão – Parte II." Revista Novos Rumos 53, no. 2 (December 20, 2016): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/0102-5864.2016.v53n2.02.p3.

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Nesta edição da Seção Clássicos/Documentos da Revista Novos Rumos, apresentamos o texto de Paul Mattick "Otho Rühle e omovimento operário alemão" (parte II). Extraído de: Comunismo Anti-Bolchevique. Londres: Merlin Press, 1978. Tradução de Angélica Lovatto. O alemão Otho Rühle (1874-1943) foi fundador (junto com Karl Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburgo, entre outros) da Liga Espartaquista (1916).

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3

Mohr, Barbara, Evelyn Kustatscher, Cornelia Hiller, and Gottfied Böhme. "Hugo Rühle von Lilienstern and His Palaeobotanical Collection: An East–West German Story." Earth Sciences History 27, no. 2 (November 3, 2008): 278–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.27.2.jw4n43525068m10n.

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The ‘Rühle collection’ is one of the largest remaining historical collections of Central European Triassic fossils and is now located at the Berlin Museum of Natural History (MfN). The collector, Hugo Rühle von Lilienstern, a medical doctor who lived in southern Thuringia, was a dedicated palaeontologist. From the 1950s his home and collection area were situated in a region that became the borderland between the two German States. The fate of the collection was thus closely interwoven with East-West German history after World War II. The scientific value of these mostly Middle to Late Triassic Central European fossils and its standing compared to other late Triassic palaeobotanical collections is evaluated.

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4

Jacinto Montes, Lizette. "El “problema de la mujer” y la reflexión en torno a la maternidad durante la República de Weimar y el nacionalsocialismo a través de la obra de Alice Rühle-Gerstel." Investigaciones Feministas 11, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/infe.64131.

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Una de las consecuencias directas del nacionalsocialismo en Alemania fue la exclusión de ciertas autoras feministas que llevaban décadas reflexionando sobre “el segundo sexo”, la “cuestión femenina” o “el problema de la mujer” (Das Frauenproblem). Una de ellas es Alice Rühle Gerstel, nacida en Praga en 1894, radicada en Alemania durante la República de Weimar y quien finalmente se suicidó en 1943 en la Ciudad de México durante su exilio político iniciado en 1936. La importancia de esta autora radica en la posibilidad de rastrear a partir de su obra no solamente el ambiente intelectual y cultural ligado al feminismo en los países de lengua alemana durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, sino también los debates y discusiones en torno a los temas ‘mujer’ y ‘maternidad’. Sus aportes e incursión en el feminismo de principios de siglo XX serán abordados a partir de su reflexión interdisciplinaria y el uso del instrumental teórico del que tanto la psicología individual de Alfred Adler como el materialismo histórico de Karl Marx le proveyeron. Así, podemos concluir que la obra de Alice Rühle-Gerstel fue pionera en analizar y reflexionar en torno a la situación de la mujer en el espacio del habla alemana. No sobra decir que, además, este trabajo ofrece el contexto general en que se desarrolló el pensamiento de Rühle-Gerstel durante la época de la República de Weimar, así como la censura que sufrió su obra y finalmente el olvido de la que fue objeto a partir del ascenso del nacionalsocialismo.

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5

Randerath, W. J. "For K.-H. Rühle To His 60th Anniversary." Pneumologie 56, no. 7 (July 2002): 407–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-32873.

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6

Maxeiner, Sandra, and Hedda Rühle. "Umgang mit depressiven Patienten – Wie abgestorben." physiopraxis 16, no. 02 (February 2018): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-102121.

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„Ich kann das nicht. Das bringt doch alles nichts.“ Sätze wie diese sind für Physiotherapeuten, die depressive Patienten behandeln, keine Seltenheit. Wer unter einer Depression leidet, ist oft in einem Teufelskreis aus Antriebslosigkeit, Inaktivität und mangelndem Selbstwertgefühl gefangen. Dr. Sandra Maxeiner und Hedda Rühle beschreiben, wie Physiotherapeuten den richtigen Zugang zu diesen Patienten finden.

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7

Hahn, Sabine. "Über die Diagnose hinweg auf meine Individualität eingehen." Psychiatrische Pflege 2, no. 6 (November 1, 2017): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/2297-6965/a000123.

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Zusammenfassung. Sabine Rühle Andersson, lic. phil. in Kunstwissenschaft und Germanistik, ist Betroffene mit Krankheitserfahrung, Wissenschaftliche Assistentin in angewandter Forschung und Entwicklung/Dienstleistung (aF&E/D) an der Berner Fachhochschule (BFH). Sven Andersson ist Bildungsverantwortlicher, Diplomierter Psychiatrie-Pflegefachmann, Diplomierter Erwachsenenbildner HF AEB, MAS Mental Health, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern. Sabine ist seit Februar 2008 erkrankt, Sven seit 1993 beruflich in der Psychiatrie tätig.

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8

Darowska, Lucyna. "Milena Jesenská und Alice Rühle-Gerstel: Konstruktionen gesellschaftlicher Nichtanerkennung." GENDER – Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft 7, no. 3 (October 15, 2015): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/gender.v7i3.20844.

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9

Randerath, W. J. "Prof. Dr. med. K.-H. Rühle zum Ehrenschriftleiter ernannt." Atemwegs- und Lungenkrankheiten 42, no. 05 (May 1, 2016): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5414/atx02162.

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10

Fooken, Insa, and Jana Mikota. "Alice Rühle-Gerstel (1894-1943) - eine (fast vergessene) individualpsychologische Literatin." Zeitschrift für Individualpsychologie 37, no. 2 (May 2012): 140–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/zind.2012.37.2.140.

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11

Dörfel, I. "Corrosion Books: High Resolution Imaging and Spectrometry of Materials. By: F. Ernst, M. Rühle - Materials and Corrosion 11/2003." Materials and Corrosion 54, no. 11 (November 2003): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.200390172.

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12

Kurasch, Simon, Jannik C. Meyer, Daniela Künzel, Axel Groß, and Ute Kaiser. "Simulation of bonding effects in HRTEM images of light element materials." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 2 (July 19, 2011): 394–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.2.45.

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The accuracy of multislice high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) simulation can be improved by calculating the scattering potential using density functional theory (DFT) Gemming, T.; Möbus, G.; Exner, M.; Ernst, F.; Rühle, M. J. Microsc. 1998, 190, 89–98. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2818.1998.3110863.xDeng, B.; Marks, L. D. Acta Crystallogr., Sect. A 2006, 62, 208–216. doi:10.1107/S010876730601004X. This approach accounts for the fact that electrons in the specimen are redistributed according to their local chemical environment. This influences the scattering process and alters the absolute and relative contrast in the final image. For light element materials with well defined geometry, such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride monolayers, the DFT based simulation scheme turned out to be necessary to prevent misinterpretation of weak signals, such as the identification of nitrogen substitutions in a graphene network. Furthermore, this implies that the HRTEM image does not only contain structural information (atom positions and atomic numbers). Instead, information on the electron charge distribution can be gained in addition. In order to produce meaningful results, the new input parameters need to be chosen carefully. Here we present details of the simulation process and discuss the influence of the main parameters on the final result. Furthermore we apply the simulation scheme to three model systems: A single atom boron and a single atom oxygen substitution in graphene and an oxygen adatom on graphene.

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13

Bergholz, M. "Fritz Rühl." Der Pathologe 31, S2 (September 19, 2010): 329–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00292-010-1386-y.

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14

Weidlich, W., K. V. Meyenn, J. Geurts, W. Priester, E. Bauer, and H. W. Spiess. "Gierer: Die gedachte Natur/Cassidy, Freeman: Uncertainty. The Life and Science of Werner Heisenberg/Werner, Weber, Rühle: Halbleiter in Forschung und Technik/Maran: The Astronomy and Astrophysics Encyclopedia/Watts: Introduction to Surface Analysis by Ele." Physik Journal 48, no. 7-8 (July 1992): 624–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phbl.19920480743.

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15

Locher-Scholten, E. B. "W. Kan, F. Rühl, Burmadagboek 1942/1945, F. Rühl, ed." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 103, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.2923.

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16

Blöbaum, Bernd. "Manfred Rühl 70 Jahre." Publizistik 48, no. 4 (December 2003): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11616-003-0116-3.

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17

Graf, Christina, Helmut Baumgärtel, and Klaus Rademann. "Eckart Rühl zum 60. Geburtstag." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 232, no. 5-6 (May 24, 2018): 595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2018-5002.

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18

RUSSELL, PETER J. C., and VLADIMIR A. LUKHTANOV. "To which species should the name heynei Rühl, [1893] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) be referred?" Zootaxa 4531, no. 1 (December 11, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4531.1.3.

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Historical records of Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758) and M. arduinna (Esper, [1783]) from the mountains of Central Asia, including named subspecies and forms, are reviewed with particular reference to the name heynei Rühl, [1893], which has been associated with both of the aforementioned species. It is concluded that the name heynei should be associated with M. arduinna and not M. cinxia. For the sake of nomenclatural stability, a specimen of M. arduinna from the southern slope of Alai Mountains (Kyrgyzstan, Daroot-Korgon) is designated as the neotype of Melitaea cinxia var. heynei Rühl, [1893]. The morphological features of M. cinxia and M. arduinna, including the subspecies of the latter, are compared and figured. The historic and recent misidentifications of M. cinxia as M. arduinna and vice versa are exemplified.

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19

Dąbrowa, Edward. "Armin Eich, Stefan Freund, Meike Rühle, Christoph Schubert (eds.), Das dritte Jahrhundert. Kontinuitäten, Brüche, Übergänge. Ergebnisse der Tagung der Mommsen-Gesellschaft am 21.–22.11.2014 an der Bergischen Universität Wuppertal (Palingenesia – 108), Franz Steiner Verlag 2017, 286 pp., b/w ill., ISBN 978-3-515-11841-5." Electrum 26 (2019): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20800909el.19.022.11225.

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20

Wäsche, R. "Structure and Properties of Interfaces in Ceramics. Volume 357 in der Reihe der Tagungsbände der Materials Research Society, Hrsg. von D. Bonnel, M. Rühle, U. Chowdhry, 468 Seiten, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh 1995, $ 57.00 (MRS Member), $ 67,00 (US List), $ 72.00(Foreign-List), ISBN 1-55899-258-8." Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 47, no. 4 (April 1996): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19960470414.

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21

Wehmeier, Stefan. "Manfred Rühl: Publizieren. Eine Sinngeschichte der öffentlichen Kommunikation." Publizistik 45, no. 3 (September 2000): 381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11616-000-0129-0.

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22

Rühl, Thomas, Stefan Adler, and Guido Moritz. "„IT-Alternative für die Energiewirtschaft“." BWK ENERGIE. 71, no. 10 (2019): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1618-193x-2019-10-39.

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Mitte 2019 startete das Projekt Three for Utility. Dahinter steht eine Allianz der Unternehmen SIV.AG aus Rostock, Cursor Software AG aus Gießen und ITC AG aus Dresden. Das Trio will seine Produkte zu einer Plattformlösung verschmelzen. Dieses Paket aus Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) inklusive Verbrauchsabrechnung, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) und Kundenportal richtet sich speziell an große Versorger. BWK sprach mit Dr. Guido Moritz (SIV), Stefan Adler (ITC) und Thomas Rühl (Cursor) über die gemeinsamen Ziele.

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23

Calliess, Gralf-Peter. "Giesela Rühl: Statut und Effizienz. Ökonomische Grundlagen des Internationalen Privatrechts." JuristenZeitung 67, no. 20 (2012): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/002268812803506153.

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24

Ueckermann, E. "Dr. Albrecht v. Braunschweig im Ruhestand Dr. Ferdinand Rühe Nachfolger." Zeitschrift für Jagdwissenschaft 31, no. 4 (December 1985): 248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02241307.

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25

Heim, Robert. "Keep your distance!" Bilderflut 43, no. 2 (July 2020): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30820/0171-3434-2020-2-102.

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Der Autor vertritt die Hypothese, dass mit der Corona-Krise die Welt gerade dabei ist, von einer langen Epoche der Zerstreuung Abschied zu nehmen. Ausgangspunkt dafür ist Pascals kurze Bemerkung, alles Unglück der Menschen rühre von ihrer Unfähigkeit, ruhig in einem Zimmer zu sitzen. Im Kontrast zu den global erforderten Werten der Kooperation und Solidarität zur Bekämpfung der Krise beschreibt er die ebenso wichtige Fähigkeit des Menschen, allein sein zu können, ja nötigenfalls Einsamkeit zu ertragen. Der Autor erörtert diese Fähigkeit anhand Schopenhauers Parabel der Stachelschweine, ein ironisches Modell menschlichen Zusammenlebens, das mit dem englischen Keep your distance! das neue Leitwort unserer Gegenwart bereits enthält. Er untermauert diese Fähigkeit mit psychoanalytischen Erkenntnissen von Sigmund Freud, Donald W. Winnicott und Melanie Klein.

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26

Flessner, Axel. "Rühl, Giesela: Statut und Effi zienz. Ökonomische Grundlagen des Internationalen Privatrechts." Rabels Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht 77, no. 2 (2013): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/003372513x665748.

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27

Filipović, Alexander. "Das Kloster als Theoriegebäude. Manfred Rühls kommunikationswissenschaftliche Beschäftigung mit dem organisierten Schweigen und Reden." Communicatio Socialis 47, no. 3 (2014): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0010-3497-2014-3-346.

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28

Philips, Robert A. "Stakeholders Matter: A New Paradigm for Strategy in Society, by Sybille Sachs and Edwin Rühli." Business and Professional Ethics Journal 32, no. 2 (2013): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/bpej2013321/27.

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29

Shahin, Tina. "Armin Eich / Stefan Freund / Meike Rühl / Christoph Schubert (Hg.): Das dritte Jahrhundert. Kontinuitäten, Brüche, Übergänge." Das Historisch-Politische Buch 66, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/hpb.66.1.60.

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30

van Hest, Jan. "Polymer Brushes. Edited by Rigoberto C. Advincula, William J. Brittain, Kenneth C. Caster and Jürgen Rühe." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 44, no. 9 (February 15, 2005): 1294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200485238.

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31

van Hest, Jan. "Polymer Brushes. Herausgegeben von Rigoberto C. Advincula, William J. Brittain, Kenneth C. Caster und Jürgen Rühe." Angewandte Chemie 117, no. 9 (February 15, 2005): 1320–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200485238.

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32

Rosati, Gianpiero. "Meike Rühl: Literatur gewordener Augenblick. Die Silven des Statius im Kontext literarischer und sozialer Bedingungen von Dichtung." Gnomon 82, no. 1 (2010): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/0017-1417_2010_1_25.

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33

Jordan, Rainer. "Book Review: Polymer Brushes. By R. C. Advincula, W. J. Brittain, K. C. Caster, J. Rühe (Eds.)." Advanced Materials 17, no. 9 (April 25, 2005): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200590043.

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34

Haftendorn, Helga. "Peter Bender: Weltmacht Amerika. Das Neue Rom.; Lothar Rühl: Das Reich des Guten. Machtpolitik und Strategie Amerikas." Politische Vierteljahresschrift 46, no. 4 (December 2005): 743–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11615-005-0330-x.

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35

Ginsburger, Nicolas. "De Rühl à Christaller : le développement de la géographie économique allemande « classique » (1918-1933), un produit de la Grande Guerre ?" Revue d'histoire des sciences humaines, no. 33 (December 31, 2018): 163–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rhsh.1030.

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36

Sánchez Lorenzo, Sixto. "Recensión del libro: Basedow, J., Rühl, G., Ferrari, F. y de Miguel Asensio, P. A. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Private International La." Revista Española de Derecho Internacional 70, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17103/redi.70.2.2018.4.01.

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37

Jayme, Erik. "Encyclopedia of Private International Law. Ed. by Jürgen Basedow, Giesela Rühl, Franco Ferrari, Pedro de Miguel Asensio. – Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing 2017. – Volume." Rabels Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht 83, no. 1 (2019): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/rabelsz-2019-0006.

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38

Hübner, Leonhard. "Kohärenz im Internationalen Privat- und Verfahrensrecht der Europäischen Union. Hrsg. von Jan von Hein und Giesela Rühl. – Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2016. XVII, 389 S. (Materialien zum ausländischen und." Rabels Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht 2, no. 3 (2018): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/rabelsz-2018-0073.

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39

Kern, Andreas. "Armin Eich / Stefan Freund / Meike Rühl u. a. (Hrsg.), Das dritte Jahrhundert. Kontinuitäten, Brüche, Übergänge. Ergebnisse der Tagung der Mommsen-Gesellschaft am 21.–22.11.2014 an der Bergischen Universität Wuppertal. (Palingenesia, Bd. 108.) Stuttgart, Steiner 2017." Historische Zeitschrift 309, no. 2 (October 5, 2019): 461–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hzhz-2019-1376.

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40

Henneberg, Maciej, and James Grantham. "Obesity - a natural consequence of human evolution." Anthropological Review 77, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anre-2014-0001.

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Abstract Obesity is considered a major epidemic of the 21st century. In developed countries, about 1/3 of adults are obese and another 1/3 overweight according to the oversimplified measure - the Body Mass Index. More precise indicators of adiposity: waist circumference, skinfolds, underwater weighing and absorptiometry indicate similar levels of fatness. Obesity per se does not necessarily lead to pathological states, nor to premature mortality. Recent results of large sample studies indicate that more than 1/3 of people classified as obese by fatness indices are physiologically normal. Others, however, suffer from a number of pathological conditions, common among them being the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. The classical explanation for increasing obesity is the positive energy balance - too much food intake and too little exercise. It seems, however, that this explanation is too simplistic. In societies, and in families, exposed to overeating and lazy lifestyles, about 1/3 of individuals have normal body mass and low levels of fatness, while others become obese. There is, therefore, individual variation in propensity for obesity. We have identified two specific variables differentiating fatness. People who have large lean trunk frames - large volumes of abdominal cavities and thus large gastrointestinal tracts - put on more subcutaneous fat than those with smaller trunk frames (Henneberg and Ulijaszek 2010). This may be a result of larger volumes of food required for antral extension to release ghrelin, or larger surface area of small intestines for food absorption. The second variable is concentrations of Alanine Transaminase, an enzyme responsible for conversion of an amino acid to a carbon skeleton that can be used in fat synthesis. Our study of 46000 young Swiss males (Henneberg, Rühli, Gruber and Woitek 2011) found consistent correlation between levels of Alanine Transaminase and body weight in groups of normal body mass individuals, overweight individuals and moderately obese individuals. Coupling this finding with the fact that among vegetarians, even those living in North America with overabundance of food and low levels of exercise, obesity and overweight are much less common than among non-vegetarians, we have now hypothesized that the increased obesity of modern affluent societies is a result of consumption of animal protein when energy needs are already covered by carbohydrates and fat consumed concurrently. Until the advent of agriculture, humans relied on consumption of a variety of terrestrial and aquatic animals supplemented by relatively small amounts of plant foods. In this situation our bodies became adapted to use proteins as a source of energy, and became efficient at storing occasional surpluses of amino acids by their deamination and conversion to fats. In the modern diets carbohydrates are abundant and provide, together with fats, energy required by human bodies, proteins after deamination are efficiently converted to fats. When new types of crops are introduced to mass production of cheap foods our bodies may not be able to react correctly to all their contents and some of the ingredients may cause additional fatness. An example of widespread recent introduction of industrially processed soybean products that correlates with prevalence of obesity across countries of the world is discussed

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41

Rühl, Heiko, Janine Rossa, Christina Berens, Anna Winterhagen, Johannes Oldenburg, Jens Müller, and Bernd Pötzsch. "Evidence of Thrombin-Independent Generation of Activated Protein C." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 2568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2568.2568.

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Abstract Introduction: In a recent study, we performed autologous serum infusions to evaluate the elimination kinetics of hemostasis-related biomarkers in healthy human subjects. In order to monitor a serum-induced activation of coagulation, we measured free thrombin in the infused serum and in plasma samples taken during and after infusion, but did not detect any de novo thrombin formation [PLoS One. 2015; 10(12): e0145012]. To study if the low levels of free thrombin in the infused serum induce generation of activated protein C (APC) we additionally measured APC in samples drawn after autologous serum infusion and in vitro in a purified system. Methods: Autologous serum was infused (50 mL/30 min) into 19 healthy volunteers. Four of them were simultaneously receiving infusions of the thrombin inhibitor argatroban (1 µg/kg/min), initiated 1 h before and ceased 1 h after starting the infusion of serum. Thrombin and APC were measured in serum and in plasma samples drawn before and in 15-min intervals during the infusion of serum, using a highly-sensitive oligonucleotide-based enzyme capture assay (OECA) platform. In in vitro experiments, APC formation was induced by addition of purified thrombin or serum to buffer containing protein C and thrombomodulin in excess, and CaCl2 at physiological concentrations. The formation of APC was subsequently measured by OECA. Results: In the autologous serum median (interquartile range) concentrations of thrombin and APC were 6.68 (4.63 - 8.73) ng/mL and 9.17 (7.63 - 13.91) ng/mL, thus doses of 0.12 (0.07 - 0.15) ng/mL of thrombin and 0.16 (0.14 - 0.22) ng/mL of APC were infused per mL of the subjects' plasma volume. In the plasma of probands, that did not receive argatroban, peak thrombin levels of 0.04 (0.00 - 0.08) ng/mL were measured, indicating a rapid inactivation of thrombin by endogenous inhibitors present in the plasma. However, with 1.41 (0.76 - 2.97) ng/mL peak APC levels exceeded the infused APC doses by a multiple. This was also true for the plasma samples from the probands that received argatroban, in which peak levels of APC of 0.94 (0.79 - 1.22) ng/mL were measured despite thrombin inhibition indicated by prolongation of the aPTT of 42.9 (40.1 - 44.4) s and thrombin time of 78.3 (69.3 - 87.2) s. In the in vitro experiments addition of argatroban at the concentrations achieved in the probands completely abolished APC generation up to a thrombin concentration of 5 ng/ml. Addition of human serum as a source for thrombin in the same purified system consistently induced generation of greater amounts of APC than expected on the basis of the amount of thrombin present in the serum samples. Conclusions: The data obtained provide evidence for a thrombin-independent mechanism of APC formation. Further in vitro studies with endothelial cells are required to identify the components that are involved in this alternative way of APC generation. Disclosures Rühl: CSL Behring: Research Funding; Bayer: Consultancy, Honoraria. Müller:Novo Nordisk: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

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Rühl, Heiko, Sara Reda, Franziska Isabelle Winterhagen, Christina Berens, Jens Müller, Johannes Oldenburg, and Bernd Pötzsch. "Patients with Familial Thrombophilia of Unknown Origin Show Low APC Response to In Vivo Thrombin Formation in Stimulated Hemostasis Activity Pattern Evaluation (SHAPE)." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 3647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-124507.

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Background: In a large proportion of patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE), no risk factors can be identified. Recently, we have shown that an increased activated protein C (APC) response to in vivo thrombin formation reduces the thrombotic risk of factor V Leiden (FVL) carriers but not of prothrombin G20210A mutation (PTM) carriers. In vivo thrombin formation was triggered by low-dose administration of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) followed by hemostasis biomarker monitoring. Aim of the present study was to extend this SHAPE approach to patients with thrombophilia of unknown origin. Methods: The study population consisted of 21 subjects with a positive self-history of unprovoked VTE (VTE+) as well as a positive family history, in whom no established thrombophilic risk factor was detectable (thrombophilia of unknown origin, TUO). A second cohort included 27 VTE+ patients tested positive for FVL (n=14) or PTM (n=13). None of the subjects was under anticoagulant treatment at the time of analysis. The control group consisted of 18 healthy volunteers. Blood samples were collected immediately before and during a period of 8 hours following injection of 15 µg/kg rFVIIa. Plasma levels of free thrombin and APC were quantified using oligonucleotide-based enzyme capture assays (OECAs). Prothrombin activation fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), and D-dimer were measured additionally. Results: Injections of rFVIIa were well-tolerated by all subjects and median D-dimer levels remained within the reference range in all three cohorts. Plasma levels of F1+2 increased after rFVIIa injection, showing no significant differences between the groups. A comparable increase of TAT was observed in both TUO patients and VTE+ mutation carriers, from a median of 21.3 to 51.1 pmol/L (P=.022), and from 21.3 to 43.9 pmol/L, respectively (Figure 1A). Median levels of TAT in the controls and median levels of free thrombin in all cohorts remained below their respective quantifiable limits after rFVIIa injection. APC increased from 0.80 to 3.84 pmol/L (P=.001) in TUO patients, from 1.14 to 5.82 pmol/L (P<10-4) in VTE+ mutation carriers, and from 0.87 to 3.39 pmol/L (P=.001) in the control group. The APC increase was significantly smaller in the TUO cohort than in the VTE+ mutation carriers (P=.019) (Figure 1B). Conclusion: A low APC response to an increased in vivo thrombin formation is a frequent finding among patients with thrombophilia of unknown origin. This finding is in line with previous data suggesting that higher APC levels protect FVL carriers from thrombosis development. The results of the present study further suggest that a low APC response might be an independent risk factor of VTE. Further studies are warranted to identify the factors that modulate the APC response. Disclosures Rühl: Sanofi Genzyme: Honoraria; SOBI: Honoraria; Shire: Honoraria; Bayer: Honoraria; CSL Behring: Honoraria; Grifols: Honoraria. Reda:Shire: Honoraria; Grifols: Honoraria. Winterhagen:SOBI: Honoraria. Berens:Pfizer: Honoraria; Shire: Honoraria; Biotest: Honoraria; CSL Behring: Honoraria; NovoNordisk: Honoraria; Baxter: Honoraria. Müller:Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Siemens: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bayer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; NovoNordisk: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Oldenburg:Grifols: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Swedish Orphan Biovitrum: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; NovoNordisk: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Octapharma: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Biotest: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Chugai: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; CSL Behring: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Takeda (Shire): Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.

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Rühl, Heiko, Jens Müller, Johannes Oldenburg, and Bernd Pötzsch. "The Serpins C1-Inhibitor and Antithrombin Synergistically Regulate the Catalytic Life of Activated Factor XI in Healthy Individuals and Thrombophilic Patients." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 1475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1475.1475.

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Abstract Background: The prothrombotic potential of coagulation factor XI (FXI) is demonstrated by the hypercoagulable state associated with increased plasma levels of FXI and by the risk of thromboembolic events of FXI concentrates. Although inhibition of activated FXI (FXIa) by antithrombotic drugs is emerging as a new approach in anticoagulation, the knowledge about physiological inhibitory mechanisms, which are involved in the control of the activity of FXIa, is limited. Methods: To evaluate the impact of the SERPINs antithrombin (AT) and C1-inhibitor (C1-INH) on the catalytic life of FXIa, we analyzed inactivation patterns of exogenously added FXIa in normal human plasma, in plasma deficient for the FXIa inhibitors C1-INH and AT, and in a purified system containing different levels of these inhibitors. FXIa was added to the respective sample matrix with a final concentration of 10 ng/mL and endogenous FXIa inactivation stopped by addition of benzamidine. Subsequently, the residual amount of FXIa was quantified by an enzyme capture assay using a monoclonal antibody to capture FXIa. To further evaluate the clinical impact of FXIa inhibitor levels on thrombotic risk, plasma levels of AT, C1-INH, and of the FXIa inhibitors α1-antitrypsin and α2-antiplasmin were measured in a cohort of 98 thrombophilic patients and compared with matched healthy controls. Results: The FXIa inhibition assay demonstrated coefficients of intra- and inter-assay variation of 13.2% and 15.2%, respectively. The catalytic half-life of FXIa in normal human plasma was 133.8 ± 18.8 s (mean ± SD). FXIa half-life times prolonged to 251.6 ± 29.4 s in plasma with decreased activity levels of C1-INH of 25% and to 175.7 ± 3.7 s in AT deficient plasma. After addition of plasma purified C1-INH or AT, FXIa half-life times shortened in a concentration-dependent manner. The dependence of the FXIa inactivation rate on levels of C1-INH and AT was further demonstrated in a purified system as shown in Fig. 1. The observation that AT and C1-INH additively control the catalytic life of FXIa prompted us to measure FXIa inhibitor levels in thrombophilic patients, as a combination of critically low inhibitor levels might constitute a thrombotic risk factor. However, plasma levels of more than one inhibitor below the normal range were not observed in the thrombophilic patients of our study population. Recently, the prothrombotic potential of FXIa was further supported by the detection of residual amounts of FXIa in therapeutic immunoglobulin preparations (IVIG) associated with thromboembolic events. In our system even the presence of high concentrations of IVIG did not affect FXIa inactivation kinetics, making it most unlikely that the prothrombotic potential of IVIG results from impaired FXIa clearance. Conclusion: The approach utilized in this study allows sensitive and reproducible monitoring of the catalytic life of FXIa in biological sample matrices. The data obtained demonstrate the significant and synergistic contribution of AT and C1-INH to FXIa inactivation in plasma. Critically decreased FXIa inhibitor levels are not a frequent finding in thrombophilic patients. Fig. 1 C1-INH- and AT-dependence of FXIa inactivation rates. Inhibitor levels equivalent to physiological levels in human plasma are referred to as 100%. Fig. 1. C1-INH- and AT-dependence of FXIa inactivation rates. Inhibitor levels equivalent to physiological levels in human plasma are referred to as 100%. Disclosures Rühl: Bayer, CSL-Behring: Honoraria, Research Funding. Oldenburg:Baxter, Bayer, Biogen Idec, Biotest, CSL-Behring, Grifols, Novo Nordisk, Octapharma, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum and Pfizer: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.

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Masterson, Mark. "The Silvae - (M.) Rühl Literatur gewordener Augenblick. Die Silven des Statius im Kontext literarischer und sozialer Bedingungen von Dichtung. (Untersuchungen zur antiken Literatur und Geschichte 81.) Pp. x + 421. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2006. Cased, €118, US$159.30. ISBN: 978-3-11-019112-7." Classical Review 58, no. 2 (October 2008): 483–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x08000784.

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Rühl, Heiko, Christina Berens, Sara Reda, Franziska Isabelle Winterhagen, Jens Müller, Johannes Oldenburg, Peter Hanfland, and Bernd Pötzsch. "The Variable Clinical Expressivity of Factor V Leiden, but Not of Prothrombin G20210A, Correlates with the Extent of the APC Response to In Vivo Thrombin Formation." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-115949.

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Abstract Background: The factor V Leiden mutation (FVL) and the prothrombin G20210A mutation (PRO) are the most frequent thrombophilic mutations among Caucasians. Both mutations show a highly variable expressivity, ranging from a lifelong asymptomatic course to severe venous thromboembolism (VTE). Recently, we have shown increased generation rates of thrombin and activated protein C (APC) in response to in vivo thrombin formation in asymptomatic FVL carriers (VTE-). In vivo thrombin formation was triggered by low-dose administration of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa). Aim of the present study was to extend this stress test approach to carriers of PRO and to FVL carriers with a history of VTE (VTE+). Methods: The study population consisted of 29 FVL carriers (thereof 25 heterozygotes: 13 VTE- and 12 VTE+) and 21 PRO carriers (thereof 19 heterozygotes: 12 VTE- and 7 VTE+). None of the subjects was under anticoagulant treatment at time of analysis. The control group consisted of 13 healthy volunteers tested negative for FVL and PRO. Blood samples were collected immediately before and during a period of 8 hours following injection of 15 µg/kg rFVIIa. Plasma levels of free thrombin and APC were quantified using oligonucleotide-based enzyme capture assays (OECAs). Prothrombin activation fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), and D-dimer were measured additionally. Results: Injections of rFVIIa were well-tolerated by all subjects and median D-dimer levels remained within the reference range in all groups. Compared with the controls, peak plasma levels of F1+2 and TAT were significantly higher after rFVIIa injection in FVL carriers (p=.009 and p=1.0∙10-4, respectively), and in PRO carriers (p=.045 and p=6.0·10-4, respectively), but they did not differ between the FVL and PRO cohorts, and between the VTE+ and VTE- subgroups. Median plasma concentrations of thrombin were below the limit of detection at baseline, and rFVIIa did not induce statistically significant changes of thrombin levels in any group. APC increased to peak levels 30 minutes after rFVIIa injection, from 0.63 (0.54-1.16) to 3.14 (2.55-3.55) pmol/L (p=.017) in the controls, and from 1.39 (1.14-1.86) to 7.86 (5.55-11.55) pmol/L (p<1.0∙10-4) in the FVL group. In PRO carriers, plasma levels of APC increased from 1.07 (0.86-1.23) pmol/L at baseline to a peak of 5.86 (4.44-6.41) pmol/L 1 hour after rFVIIa injection p=4.0·10-4). Peak plasma levels of APC were higher in both FVL carriers and PRO carriers in comparison to the controls (p<1.0∙10-4 and p=4.0∙10-4, respectively), and lower in PRO carriers compared with those in FVL carriers (p=.003). With peak levels of 8.11 (7.59-11.77) vs. 5.62 (4.94-6.49) pmol/L, APC was significantly higher in the VTE- subgroup than in the VTE+ subgroup (p=.004) in heterozygous FVL carriers, while in heterozygous PRO carriers, APC peak levels did not differ between the VTE- subgroup and the VTE+ subgroup (Figure 1). Conclusion: The APC response to in vivo thrombin formation is significantly lower in symptomatic than in asymptomatic FVL carriers, implying that higher APC levels protect FVL carriers from thrombosis development. This hypothesized effect appears to be specific for FVL as prothrombin G20210A carriers do not show differences in the APC response related to VTE history. Further studies are warranted to identify the factors that modulate the APC response in FVL carriers. Disclosures Rühl: Swedish Orphan Biovitrum: Consultancy, Research Funding; Sanofi Genzyme: Research Funding; Shire: Research Funding; Grifols: Research Funding; CSL-Behring: Research Funding. Berens:Pfizer: Research Funding; Sanofi Genzyme: Research Funding; Shire: Research Funding; CSL-Behring: Research Funding; Biotest: Research Funding. Winterhagen:Swedish Orphan Biovitrum: Consultancy, Research Funding. Müller:Swedish Orphan Biovitrum: Consultancy, Research Funding. Oldenburg:Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Octapharma: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Novo Nordisk: Consultancy, Honoraria; Grifols: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; CSL-Behring: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Chugai: Consultancy, Honoraria; Biotest: Consultancy, Honoraria; Biogen Idec: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bayer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Shire: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Swedish Orphan Biovitrum: Consultancy, Honoraria.

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James, N. "Reference - Peter N. Peregrine & Melvin Ember (ed.). Europe (Encyclopedia of Prehistory 4). xxxi+472 pages, 9 maps. 2001. New York (NY): Kluwer Academic/Plenum; 0-306-46258-3 (0-306-46264-8 set) hardback $200. - Peter N. Peregrine & Melvin Ember (ed.). Middle America (Encyclopedia of Prehistory 5). xxvii+462 pages, 6 maps. 2001. New York (NY): Kluwer Academic/Plenum; 0-306-46258-3 (0-306-46264-8 set) hardback $200. - Peter N. Peregrine & Melvin Ember (ed.). North America (Encyclopedia of Prehistory 6). xxix+504 pages, 7 maps. 2001. New York (NY): Kluwer Academic/Plenum; 0-306-46260-5 (0-306-46264-8 set) hardback $200. - C. Batardy, O. Buchsenschutz & F. Dumasy (ed.). Le Berry antique: atlas 2000 (Revue Archéologique du Centre de la France Supplement 21). 190 pages, colour figures, 1 b&w figure, 7 colour photographs. 2001. 2-913272-05-3 (ISSN 1159-7151) paperback €36.59. - Frauke Stein with Christiane Schier, Albert Schmitz, BÄRBEL Fecht, Susanne Meiser, Christel Rühl-Tausendfreund & Dominik Meyer. Bibliographie zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und Berlin (West) in den Grenzen vor 1990: das Schrifttum der Jahre 1988 und 1989. vii+379 pages. 2001. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner; 3-515-07801-0 hardback €49 & SFr84.30." Antiquity 76, no. 291 (March 2002): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00119647.

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"Professor Herrmann Rühle 1924-1993." International Journal of Space Structures 8, no. 4 (December 1993): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635119300800409.

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Clarke, David R., and Manfred Rühle. "Preface by David R. Clarke and Manfred Rühle." Annual Review of Materials Research 32, no. 1 (August 2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mr.32.010102.100001.

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Clarke, David R., and Manfred Rühle. "Preface by David R. Clarke and Manfred Rühle." Annual Review of Materials Research 33, no. 1 (August 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mr.33.010103.100001.

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"Manfred Rühle on the occasion of his 80th birthday." International Journal of Materials Research 109, no. 6 (June 12, 2018): 578–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/146.610043.

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