Academic literature on the topic 'Ruler's court'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ruler's court"
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MYERSON, ROGER B. "The Autocrat's Credibility Problem and Foundations of the Constitutional State." American Political Science Review 102, no. 1 (February 2008): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055408080076.
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A political leader's temptation to deny costly debts to past supporters is a central moral-hazard problem in politics. This paper develops a game-theoretic model to probe the consequences of this moral-hazard problem for leaders who compete to establish political regimes. In contests for power, absolute leaders who are not subject to third-party judgments can credibly recruit only limited support. A leader can do better by organizing supporters into a court which could cause his downfall. In global negotiation-proof equilibria, leaders cannot recruit any supporters without such constitutional checks. Egalitarian norms make recruiting costlier in oligarchies, which become weaker than monarchies. The ruler's power and limitations on entry of new leaders are derived from focal-point effects in games with multiple equilibria. The relationships of trust between leaders and their supporters are personal constitutions which underlie all other political constitutions.
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Meirison, Meirison, and Desmadi Saharuddin. "The Distinction of Government Administration and Judicial Institutions in The Umayyad Dynasty." Buletin Al-Turas 27, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/bat.v27i1.17286.
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This paper aimed to reveal the government administration system's distinction in finance and justice that existed in the Umayyad. The Umayyad had the right side in improving government administration, finance, economy, and justice. To what extent was the reform and distinction of government administration, finance, and judiciary pursued by the Umayyad that led to society's benefit besides the atrocities he had ever made? The researchers conducted a library study with a descriptive analysis approach, collected sources, verified, and interpreted the policies and updates made by the Umayyad. The study showed the Umayyad had made distinctions and reforms that brought about a lot of benefits. Although they seemed the duplication of Persian and Roman governments, financial administration policies still referred to Islamic rules and were not influenced by Rome and Persia. The most significant reform was establishing the Mazalim Court separated from the ordinary judiciary. The perpetrators of this crime were not ordinary people but state officials handled directly by the caliph and judges who could act reasonably and act decisively. A vast area of neat administration supported the economic activity, and along with Islamic law, the Umayyad did not exercise a monopoly. However, this government lasted shortly for 90 years (661-750 AD) because of the power succession policy, the ruler's lifestyle, fanaticism, and political opponents' attack.
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Keenan, Edward. "Ivan the Terrible and His Women." Russian History 37, no. 4 (2010): 322–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633110x528654.
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AbstractThis article presents the text of two lectures delivered by the author in the Kathryn W. Davis Lecture Series at Wellesley College on January 31 and February 21, 1980. In the first lecture, the author describes the “grammar” of the Muscovite political system, which was established after the Muscovite dynasty's victory over its rivals (and relatives) in the civil wars of the mid-fifteenth century and which established succession by primogeniture in the ruling house. That system was, according to the author, founded on a collaborative power arrangement between the grand prince and his boyars, and was united and reinforced by a web of interconnecting marriages over several generations, the most important marriage in each generation being the ruler's. Politics in this system was marriage politics, and the product of it was an oligarchical political system built on kinship and consensus. In the second lecture, the author focuses on the role women played in Muscovite political culture. Here the emphasis is on both elite women—the wives, mothers, sisters, and aunts of the rulers—and the nannies, drawn usually from humbler backgrounds, who served in the Kremlin and introduced to those living there many of the conventions of language and literature that remain a foundation of modern Russian. These lectures offer a synthetic approach to the political culture of Muscovy, uniting an innovative anthropological perspective on court politics with a pathbreaking analysis of the lasting impact women had on the culture—political, social, biological, and linguistic—in the Kremlin.
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Tracy, James D. "Asian Despotism? Mughal Government as Seen From the Dutch East India Company Factory in Surat." Journal of Early Modern History 3, no. 3 (1999): 256–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006599x00260.
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AbstractIn the current debate about early modern European perceptions of Asia, the rich documentation produced by the Dutch East India Company has been largely overlooked. The Surat factory, whose correspondence is extant from 1636, was in close connection with the centers of Mughal authority, and the factory here, unlike in some other Dutch outposts, was never allowed to be transformed into a fortified enclosure from which the "hatmen" could challenge the agents of the state with impunity. In published accounts of Asian government, including those written in Dutch, "despots" held sway over lands whose only law was the ruler's whim. But Company documents from Surat (and elsewhere in India) consistently depict local officials as manipulating for their own profit their control over European trade, often in flagrant disregard of trading privileges carefully negotiated with the Mughal court. The image of an all-powerful sovereign, though not altogether absent, is sometimes evoked as a way of explaining to Company superiors in Batavia (Djakarta) or Amsterdam why their servants in Surat could not do as they were bidden. But if Company men developed over time a credible local knowledge of Mughal government, they were no different from stay-at-home European Christians in their view of the Mughal realm's Muslim elites: in this age of continuing warfare between Christendom and Islamdom, a "faithless Moor" was always and everywhere the same.
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Korzinin, A. L., and V. V. Shishkin. "The Court of the Grand Prince of Muscovy and the Court of France in the 14th–16th Centuries: Comparing the Incomparable? (Государев двор России и королевский двор Франции в XIV–XVI вв." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 50, no. 4 (2016): 399–438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-05004003.
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This study compares the organization, function, and personnel of the royal courts in Muscovy and France in the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries, a period vital to the consolidation of monarchical power in both states. The article traces the rise and parallel development of the ruler’s court in Muscovy and France, and makes the case for significant similarities between the two. In both, membership in the court elite was rooted in similar social and political structures (in Muscovy, membership in the elite was rooted in birth and longtime service to the ruler, while in France it was rooted in birth and proximity to the king), and both courts were positioned in similar ways at the center of politics and religious culture. The similarities between Muscovy and France become especially apparent during the reigns of Ivan IV and Henry III, when both monarchs instituted reforms aimed at strengthening central monarchical power and institutions, and when the rulers were confronting significant centrifugal pressures among the nobility and regional elites. The article argues that the court of the Grand Prince of Muscovy in the second half of fifteenth and first half of the sixteenth centuries was in function, structure, and ritual form very close to that of many other Renaissance courts of Europe, particularly to that of France.
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Maghsoudpour, Rasoul, and Malihe Yavari Tamam. "An Introduction to the System of Appeals in Iran, Egypt and France." International Law Research 9, no. 1 (July 3, 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ilr.v9n1p72.
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The present study aims at exploring the system of appeals in Iran, Egypt and France in order to gain a better understanding of those systems. Firstly, the French legal system is explored. The organization of the French courts consists of the Court of First Instance, the Court of Appeal, and The Cour de Cassation. Under the French legal system, there are a few specific rules concerning appeal from judgment and appeal from other factors. Secondly, the Egyptian legal system as a codified law system was considered. It consists of three courts of First, Instance and Cassation. In fact, the Egyptian court of Appeal reconsiders felony cases. In general, the Egyptian Courts of appeal include eight courts and each court is independent and hears specific kinds of Claims such as economical and criminal matters. Thirdly, Iranian appeal system such as its deadline, effects and types is examined.
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Vojvodic, Dragan. "From the horizontal to the vertical genealogical image of the Nemanjic dynasty." Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, no. 44 (2007): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi0744295v.
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Sometime in the XIV century, towards the end of the second or beginning of the third decade, the 'horizontal genealogical image' of the Serbian rulers gave way to a new depiction of their genealogy. We find the earliest surviving Nemanjic family tree, painted in a vertically arranged composition in the narthex of Gracanica, followed by those in Pec, Decani, Mateic and Studenica. The appearance of the new type of image presenting the Serbian dynastic genealogy was, on the one hand, due to the problems caused by the ever lengthening series of rulers' portraits. They led to the deformation of the thematic programmes and did not correspond to the dynamic spirit of 'Palaeologan renaissance' art. On the other hand, from the mid-XIII century there was a obvious intention to link the idea of a 'chosen people' and the genealogy of Christ with the Nemanjic dynasty. This process unfolded simultaneously in literature, royal charters and visual art. It was facilitated by the fact that presentations of Christ's genealogy - the Tree of Jesse - were introduced in the programmes of Serbian churches from the second half of the XIII century. A correspondence had already been established between the presentations of Christ's genealogy and the portraits of the Nemanjic family included in the broader thematic ensembles inspired by dynastic ideology, in Sopocani and, subsequently, in Moraca, Arilje and the King's Church in Studenica. Even in the description of the family tree of the Serbian dynasty itself, the notions of 'pious lineage', 'the holy root', 'the branch of good fruit', 'the blessed shoots' etc. were used in the written sources. In this way, a process gradually matured along the path towards creating a dynastic picture of the house of Nemanjic that was iconographically coordinated to the Tree of Jesse. However, the 'vertical' family tree of the Nemanjici was not a simple transposition of the 'horizontal genealogy' into the structure of the new iconographic scheme. It is possible to notice significant contextual differences between the two types of the Serbian dynastic picture, especially regarding the presentation of the rulers' wives or the rulers' daughters, or male relatives from the lateral branches. A number of questions that had earlier been of particular importance, such as the order of succession to the throne through the direct bloodline, became submerged in a multitude of new messages and slowly lost significance. The 'vertical' family tree of the Nemanjici focused far more on the proclamation of general dynastic messages. As a more developed and complex picture than the 'horizontal' genealogy, it was able to convey more carefully nuanced details about what effect dynastic history had on the awareness of the court. Apart from that, in contrast to the presentations of XIII century 'horizontal genealogies' that illustrated Nemanja and his direct successors as monks, the new type of dynastic picture quite clearly stressed the 'imperial' nature of the ruler's family. A similar change of meaning can also be noted in contemporaneous royal charters. One should view this interesting phenomenon through the prism of the increasingly tangible influences of Byzantine imperial ideology on Serbian dynastic thought. The distinct influence of Byzantine perceptions can also be recognized in the motive of the ruler's investiture being performed by God himself, depicted at the top of the Nemanjic family tree. Therefore, the new Serbian genealogical picture reflected much more clearly than its predecessor, the Byzantine teachings about power, which blended the 'dynastic principle' with dogma regarding the providential election of the ruler. In later monuments, where a composite family tree was depicted, linking the Nemanjic dynasty to the Byzantine and the Bulgarian royal families (Mateic, and perhaps even Studenica), the concept of the 'new Israel' was redefined in Serbian imperial ideology, according to the universalistic views adopted from Byzantium. Although all the essential iconographic details of dynastic genealogy in the form of the family tree were of Byzantine origin, no credible testimonies were found in scientific research that the theme itself was designed in artistic form in Byzantium. Hence, one cannot exclude the possibility that the Nemanjic family tree was an authentic, iconographic creation devised in Serbia. With the necessary caution, here, we should stress that the Serbian environment was quite singular because it had a long lasting and, moreover sacred dynasty. For that reason it was particularly absorbed in dynastic issues and the idea of 'a new chosen people'. That environment traveled the path to a 'vertical' dynastic picture slowly, following the evolutionary logic of its own culture and art.
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Kalic, Jovanka. "Despot Stefan and Byzantium." Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, no. 43 (2006): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi0643031k.
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The topic of this paper is one aspect of the relationship between Serbia and Byzantium at the beginning of the 15th Century, during the so-called "despot period" of the reign of Stefan Lazarevic (1402-1427), namely the fate of the Byzantine title of Despots' in Serbia against the background of the political situation in the Balkans at the time of Turkish domination. Knez Stefan (1377-1427), Knez Lazar's son, received the title of Despotes according to the procedure long ago established at the Byzantine Court. In Byzantium, this title, which was second in rank only to the title of the Emperor, used to be endowed to the relatives of the imperial dynasty, it was not hereditary and did not depend on the territory ruled by the bearer of the title. It was a personal court title of the highest rank in Byzantium. This honor was bestowed upon the young Knez Stefan in summer of 1402 after his return from the battlefield of Angora (Ankara), where Sultan Beyazid I suffered a disastrous defeat from the hands of the Tatars. The Serbian Knez was solemnly received in Constantinople, a marriage between himself and a sister of the Byzantine Empress was arranged and John VII Palaeologus, the co-regent of the then-absent Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus, endowed him with the title of Despotes. Knez Stefan carried this title till the end of his life. It was held in great honors in Serbia and was broadened in meaning to designate a ruler's title in general, remaining alive among the Serbs even after the fall of the Byzantine Empire. Stefan Lazarevic received the dignity of a Despotes once more, in 1410 in Constantinople. All this notwithstanding, the political situation in the South-East of Europe at the beginning of the 15th Century was all but favorable. Some Christian states were conquered by the Turks (Bulgaria), some were vassals of the Sultan (Byzantium, Serbia). Everything depended on the Ottomans. At the time of dynastic conflicts in the Turkish Empire (1403-1413) as well as afterwards, the political interests of Byzantium and Serbia were different, even at times contrary. What they had in common was the attempt to find allies in the West, especially among the countries which had an interest to fight against the Turks, so an initiative was raised to form a Christian League to that effect. Despot Stefan, in his capacity as a vassal of the Hungarian King Sigismund of Luxembourg, took part in the negotiations the Byzantine Emperor John VIII Palaelogus held in Buda with his host (1424). This was the last meeting of the Serbian Despotes with the Byzantine Emperor. The title of Despotes had changed with respect to the Byzantine norms. Despot Stefan became the Despotes of the Kingdom of Rascia (Raska), as the Kingdom of Serbia was called in the West. The personal title of the Byzantine Imperial Court was thus transformed in accordance with the non-Byzantine traditions of the Serbian political ideology. .
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Chamberlain, R. T. "Role of the clinical toxicologist in court." Clinical Chemistry 42, no. 8 (August 1, 1996): 1337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/42.8.1337.
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Abstract The clinical toxicologist may play a role in court when issues arise concerning therapeutic drug monitoring, drug abuse, environmental chemicals, or toxic torts, where the traditional forensic toxicologist may not have expertise. Beyond being credible in court, the toxicologist's testimony must be based on good scientific evidence. The ruler for measuring good scientific evidence had previously been the Frye Test, or the general acceptance test. In 1993, however, the US Supreme Court established four balancing tests that should be used for the admissibility of scientific evidence. Although the ruling is binding only in federal courts, state courts are expected to follow. When testifying, the clinical toxicologist should be aware of other court rules and expectations. As with all testimony, objections from opposing counsel can be raised to disallow the presentation of evidence by a toxicologist. The toxicologist is usually used to establish causation of injury, whether from negligence, prenatal injury, or environmental chemicals. Several examples are presented.
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VAN ALEBEEK, ROSANNE. "Domestic Courts as Agents of Development of International Immunity Rules." Leiden Journal of International Law 26, no. 3 (July 31, 2013): 559–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156513000241.
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AbstractThis paper explores the role of domestic courts in the development of international immunity rules. It assesses how domestic immunity decisions take meaning in the process of law formation and law determination, and examines whether the distinct influence of domestic-court decisions (as compared to international-court decisions) in that process results in a different role, and concomitant different rules, in the process of interpretation of rules of international law. The paper argues that while domestic courts are as a matter of international law bound by the same rules of interpretation as international courts, they are particularly well placed to address access to court concerns raised by immunity rules and may play a prominent role in the development of international law in this field in the years to come.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ruler's court"
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Sauls, Paul Anthony. "The review function of the labour court." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/821.
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Under the 1956 Labour relations Act, parties who were dissatisfied with decisions of the then Industrial Court, could appeal to the old Labour Appeal Court, and then if still further unhappiness persists, to the former Appellate Division. Such appeals entailed placing before the court the complete record of the Industrial Court, and requesting it to decide if on the evidence, it would have come to the same conclusion. Sometimes the courts of appeal decide that they would, sometimes that they would not. When planning the new Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995, the Cheadle Commission decided that this process was too slow, too technical, too cumbersome and too expansive. So it recommended that, at least in the case of the most common disputes, the issues should be decided quickly, informally and finally by arbitration. Unless the parties agree to private arbitration under the Arbitration Act, 42 of 1956, the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation & Arbitration (CCMA) would supply the arbitrators, who would exercise their powers, not under agreed terms of reference, but under the LRA itself. Like private arbitrators, those of the CCMA are also meant to dispose of matters with a minimum of legal formalities (see section 138(1) of the LRA). But the drafters of the LRA did not mean to insulate arbitration awards entirely from the watchful eye of the Labour Court. They therefore specifically provided for review of CCMA arbitrations awards in section 145, but they also gave general powers of review in section 158(1)(g) respectively of the LRA. As if the jurisdictional puzzle created by the LRA was not complex enough, the legislature added the Promotion of Justice Act 3 of 2000. It is an attempt to give expression to the constitutional right of fair labour practices and the constitutional standard of lawfulness and rationality. If section 145 limits the grounds on which commissioners’ actions can be reviewed, or if that section cannot be interpreted to reconcile it with the PAJA, it may well be that section 145 cannot pass constitutional muster - unless that section constitutes a limitation compliant with section 36 of the Constitution. That would be for the Constitutional court to decide.
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Collins, Andrew William, and n/a. "The transformation of Alexander�s court : the kingship, royal insignia and eastern court personnel of Alexander the Great." University of Otago. Department of Classics, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080811.093142.
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This thesis examines Alexander�s conception of kingship, his relationship with royal traditions in the three great kingdoms of the Near East, and the concomitant transformation of the king�s court by which Alexander created a distinctive royal insignia and introduced new court personnel and protocol. Section I ("Alexander and Near Eastern Kingship") contains Chapters I, II, and III. Section II ("The Transformation") comprises Chapters IV to VI. In Chapter I, I examine the Macedonian background of Alexander�s court and his native conception of kingship. Chapter II is a study of the kingship of Egypt. Chapter III deals with the kingship of Babylon and Persia. I then turn to an analysis of Alexander�s policies towards the Persians and the concept of the "kingship of Asia," as this was understood by Alexander. This crucial concept is to be distinguished from the kingship of Persia, a position which Alexander supplanted and replaced with his personal kingship of Asia. In Section II, three chapters are devoted to an analysis of the transformation of Alexander�s court. Chapter IV covers the origin and significance of Alexander�s royal insignia. Chapter V examines the introduction of, and the role played by, Persians and easterners in the king�s court; and Chapter VI the significance of other Persian court offices.
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Thomas, Andrea Susan. "Renaissance culture at the court of James V, 1528-1542." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9673.
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This study of the cultural activities of the Scottish court in the adult reign of King James V reveals a vibrant, sophisticated and confident outlook, which was more closely integrated with the developments of the northern-European Renaissance than has been apparent hitherto. James V utilised the limited resources at his disposal to good effect, and his cultural patronage propagated multi-layered images of royal power. Continuity with the traditions established by his Stewart forbears, especially his father, James IV, was stressed, particularly in the early years of his reign. However, the chivalric, imperial and humanist themes which were fashionable at the Valois, Habsburg and Tudor courts of the period, were also important and became more prominent at the Scottish court as the reign progressed. An initial examination of the daily life of the court focuses on the personnel, structure and organisation of the royal household and considers the itinerary and routine activities of the king, his family and his entourage. This allows the cultural patronage of the court to be placed in a social context, in which the role and status of women at the court are particularly highlighted. Subsequent chapters consider developments in the visual arts, music and religious observance, learning and literature, military technology, and pageantry and ceremonial. The architectural patronage of the court was particularly rich and encompassed buildings in the ornate High-Gothic style, which was pioneered in the Burgundian Netherlands, and a more restrained Italianate Classicism borrowed from the French court. Music also flourished at the Scottish court, where the French chanson and the Italian consort of viols could be heard alongside the florid, Anglo-Flemish, sacred polyphony of the chapel royal. Likewise, the literary life of the court included vivid (and sometimes bawdy) vernacular verse, scholarly translations of classical texts, neo-Latin humanist treatises, and one of the earliest known examples of a Scottish play. The king also spent heavily on developing an embryonic royal navy, royal artillery and a network of coastal and border fortifications, which incorporated the latest advances in military technology. The ceremonial highlights of the reign included two royal weddings, the lavish funerals of Queens Madeleine de Valois and Margaret Tudor, the coronation of Queen Mary of Lorraine as well as tournaments and rituals connected with the chivalric orders of the Garter, the Golden Fleece and St. Michael. In all of these areas the inspiration of the court of Francis I was particularly strong, since James V spent several years of his minority under the authority of a French Governor, married two French princesses and made a personal visit to the French court in 1536-37. However, men of English, Flemish and Italian origins served the king or visited his court and their influence can also be detected operating alongside the tastes and customs of the Scottish realm. Emerging defiantly from a long and turbulent minority, the adult James V managed to create an exuberant and cosmopolitan court in only fourteen years. His patronage was, of necessity, on a smaller scale than that of the Tudor and Valois kings but a detailed examination of the Scottish court at this period nevertheless reveals a cultural achievement of remarkable quality and diversity.
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Paccaud, Françoise. "Le contentieux de l'environnement devant la Cour internationale de Justice." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3023.
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La CIJ en tant qu’organe judiciaire principal des Nations Unies est amenée à connaître de ce type de différend spécifique. En effet, les litiges environnementaux emportent avec eux un certain degré de technicité et font appel à des notions scientifiques particulièrement complexes. La rencontre entre la protection de l’environnement et la CIJ ne pouvait alors que donner lieu à un contentieux particulièrement riche. L’appréhension de ce contentieux par la Cour conduit à s’interroger sur la manière dont cette dernière réceptionne ces litiges. La présente thèse s’intéresse donc aux effets et conséquences résultant du contentieux de l’environnement devant la CIJ. Deux remarques peuvent être formulées : la première concerne le constat d’une intégration progressive des enjeux environnementaux au sein du contentieux international de la CIJ, et la deuxième concerne l’opportunité pour la Cour d’adapter ses règles procédurales. Une adaptation des règles procédurales de la CIJ serait souhaitable. En effet, les enjeux environnementaux tendent à s’intégrer de plus en plus au sein du contentieux international de la CIJ qui contribue de ce fait au développement des règles de droit international de l’environnement. Toutefois, une telle intégration révèle également les limites de la Cour. La Cour pourrait endosser le rôle de juge environnemental, en prenant en considération les spécificités de ce contentieux, notamment par l’adaptation de ses outils procéduraux. Ainsi, c’est une dynamique réciproque qui s’installe entre la Cour et la protection de l’environnement. La préservation de l’environnement est enrichie par la Cour, mais cette dernière pourrait également voir son rôle évoluer grâce à la prise en considération des enjeux environnementaux. La CIJ pourrait alors devenir un véritable juge international de l’environnement dont la communauté internationale manque encoreThe ICJ as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations comes to know of this type of specific dispute. In fact, environmental disputes carry with them a certain degree of technicality and call upon particularly complex scientific notions. The meeting between the protection of the environment and the ICJ could then only give rise to a particularly rich litigation. The Court's apprehension of this kind of litigation raises the question of how the Court deals with these disputes. The present thesis is therefore concerned with the effects and consequences resulting from the environmental litigation before the ICJ.This leads us to two remarks: the first one concerns the phenomenon by which environmental stakes are integrated within international litigation, and, the second one concerns the opportunity for the court to adapt its procedural rules to deal with environmental issues. Indeed, environmental issues tend to be more and more integrated into the international litigation of the ICJ, which contributes to the development of the rules of international environmental law. However, such integration also reveals the limits of the Court. However, the Court could take on the role of an environmental judge, by adapting its procedural tools to the specificities of this particular litigation. Thus, it is a reciprocal dynamic that takes place between the Court and the protection of the environment. The preservation of the environment is enriched by the Court, but the Court could also see its role evolve through the consideration of environmental issues. The ICJ could then become a genuine international environmental judge whose international community is still lacking
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Patrizi, Luca. "Il banchetto divino : Formazione e sviluppo della nozione di adab nell’Islam, dalle origini alla letteratura degli ādāb al-ṣūfiyya." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3119.
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On ne trouve pas la racine du mot adab dans le Coran. Dans la littérature pré-islamique, ainsi que dans les hadiths, son utilisation est limitée exclusivement au sens d'« invitation à un banquet », « éducation », « correction » et « punition » (addaba, ta'dīb). Après une période au cours de laquelle les chercheurs n'ont pas considéré l'avis des linguistes et des penseurs musulmans concernant l'étymologie de adab de l'« invitation au banquet de Dieu (ma'dubat Allāh) », des études plus récentes ont remis positivement en question cette opinion. En fait, dans l'histoire des civilisations antiques, la notion de banquet cérémoniel divin ou sacré est très répandue, trouvant son origine dans l'archétype du « Banquet Divin » ou de « L'Hospitalité Divine », qui a exercé une forte influence sur le contexte religieux et culturel d'un certain nombre de différentes civilisations. Cependant, depuis le début du 9é siècle, la littérature religieuse islamique a également commencé à utiliser le terme adab avec un nouvel usage, que l'on pourrait appeler « technique ». La source de cet enrichissement sémantique doit être attribuée aux secrétaires de la cour, les kuttāb, les mawālī persans, les célèbres traducteurs et transmetteurs du patrimoine étatique et culturel persan. En plus d'influencer l'imaginaire culturel de la littérature d'adab classique, l'imagerie de la cour sassanide influencera également la terminologie technique, ainsi que la pratique du soufisme, en engendrant un genre de la littérature soufie, la littérature des ādāb al-ṣūfiyyaThe root of the word adab is not found in the Qur'ān. In pre-Islamic literature as well as in the hadith, its use is limited exclusively to the sense of “invitation to a banquet”, “education”, “correction” and “punishment” (addaba, ta'dīb). After a period in which scholars did not taken seriously the opinion of Muslim linguists and thinkers concerning the etymology of adab from the “invitation to the Banquet of God (ma'dubat Allāh)”, more recent scholarship has questioned this opinion. In fact, the notion of a divine or sacred ceremonial banquet in the history of ancient civilizations is quite widespread, finding its origin in the archetype of the “Divine Banquet” or “Divine Hospitality”, which had a strong influence on the religious and cultural contexts of a number of different civilizations. However, from the beginning of the 9th century CE Islamic religious literature also began to use the term adab in a new usage, that one might call “technical”. The source of this semantic enrichment should be traced to the court secretaries, the kuttāb, the Persian mawālī who were well-known translators and transmitters of Persian state and cultural heritage. In addition to influencing the cultural imaginary of classical adab literature, the Sasanian court imagery will also influence the technical terminology, as well as the practice in Sufism, producing a genre of the Sufi literature, the ādāb al-ṣūfiyya literature
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Carlisle, Jessica. "Rules, negociation, claims and counter claims : Judicial discretion in a damascus Shari's Court." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498278.
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Shany, Yuval. "Competing jurisdictions of international courts and tribunals : which rules govern?" Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246905.
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Ciuta, Carmen. "La révision des arrêts de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTD017.
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Absente de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme, mais prévue par le règlement de la Cour, la révision des arrêts de celle-ci apparaît comme une procédure exceptionnelle qui, à première vue, ne soulève pas de problèmes particuliers. S’agissant pourtant d’une procédure qui existe dans un système institué en vue de la protection des droits de l’homme, il faut déterminer quel est le rôle que la révision peut jouer dans un tel système. A cet égard, l’examen des arrêts adoptés par la Cour à la suite des demandes en révision qui lui ont été présentées relève que la disposition régissant la révision est de nature à susciter une réflexion approfondie et ce, bien que le nombre des arrêts prononcés dans ce domaine ne soit pas impressionnant. En effet, les questions soulevées dans les procédures en révision impliquent une lecture minutieuse de ladite disposition, dont la richesse ne doit pas être sous-estiméeNot included in the European Convention on Human Rights, but provided for by the Rules of Court, the revision of its judgments appears as an exceptional procedure that, at first glance, does not raise particular issues. However, being amongst the procedures belonging to the human rights protection system, it must be determined what role revision may play in such a system. In this respect, the examination of the judgments delivered by the Court following the requests for revision submitted to it points out that the provision governing revision is likely to give rise to a thorough reflection, even though the number of judgments in this area is not impressive. Indeed, the issues raised in the procedures for revision involve a careful reading of the before-mentioned provision, whose potential should not be underestimated
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Narayan, Basak Sachindra. "The International Court of Justice and the new-born states." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212987.
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Soares, Neto Edigardo Ferreira. "Tribunal penal internacional e o impacto com a ordem jurídica interna." Universidade Católica de Santos, 2015. http://biblioteca.unisantos.br:8181/handle/tede/2361.
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In this dissertation, it will be made an approach to the International Criminal Court (ICC) rules in comparison with those of the Brazilian legal system, what coincide, making a check analysis of possible antinomies between internal standard and internalized. In this north, will be carried out an assessment of International Courts historical evolution that existed and the Court of Rome predecessors forms, in addition to the perception of data relating to its creation and accession of Brazil for their rules. In sequence, the features Court are related and, in this line, individual criminal responsibility, own this approach, in addition to the reflection on the concept of the Statute Member States sovereignty. Then the study is concentrated on the examination of international criminal law in comparison with the international criminal law, where international cooperation is addressed, in addition to the core crimes and criminal principles common to the internal order and external, all under the rules paradigm for the protection of international human rights. Finally, it will be checked the apparent shocks between constitutional rules and the Rome Statute, a verification of compatibility, a control of all juridical convention on domestic law impact and effect.
Neste trabalho, far-se-á uma abordagem das normas do Tribunal Penal Internacional em comparação com as do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, naquilo que coincidem, fazendo uma análise de verificação das possíveis antinomias entre a norma interna e a internalizada. Neste norte, será realizada uma apreciação da evolução histórica das Cortes Internacionais que existiram e foram antecessoras do Tribunal de Roma, além da percepção dos dados referentes à sua criação e adesão do Brasil as suas regras. Em sequência, as características da Corte serão relacionadas e, nesta linha, a responsabilidade penal individual, própria desta abordagem, além do reflexo no conceito de soberania dos Estados/Partes do Estatuto. Em seguida, o estudo é concentrado no exame do direito penal internacional em comparação com o direito internacional penal, onde a cooperação internacional é abordada, além dos core crimes e princípios penais comuns à ordem interna e externa, tudo sob o paradigma das regras de proteção aos direitos humanos internacionais. Por fim, checar-se-á os aparentes choques entre normas constitucionais e as do Estatuto de Roma, numa verificação de compatibilidade, num controle de convencionalidade do impacto e consequência ao direito interno.
Books on the topic "Ruler's court"
1
Conkling, Alfred. A treatise on the organization, jurisdiction, and practice of the courts of the United States: With an appendix of practical forms. 4th ed. Holmes Beach, Fla: Wm.W. Gaunt, 1987.
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Maingal, Amīrulmulk. Dastūrulʻamal dīvānī Qallāt, maʻ sharḥ. Koʼiṭah: Balocistān Lāʼ Pablishing Hāʼūs, 1990.
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Conkling, Alfred. Treatise on the organization, jurisdiction, and practice of the courts of the United States: To which is added an appendix ... Holmes Beach, Fla., U.S.A: W.W. Gaunt, 1985.
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California rules of court - federal district courts 2015. [Place of publication not identified]: Thomson Reuters West, 2014.
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Justicia, Paraguay Corte Suprema de. Acordadas de la Corte Suprema de Justicia: Compilación de principales disposiciones. 2nd ed. Asunción, Paraguay: Intercontinental Editora, 2013.
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Justicia, Paraguay Corte Suprema de. Acordadas de la Corte Suprema de Justicia: Compilación temática. Asunción, Paraguay: Poder Judicial, Corte Suprema de Justicia, 2007.
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Court, Canada Federal. Federal Court rules ; Federal Court immigration rules ; Federal Court immigration rules, 1993 =: Règles de la Cour fédérale ; Règles de la cour fédérale en matière d'immigration, 1993. [Ottawa]: Supply and Services Canada, 1993.
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Guinea, Papua New. National Court Act, Chapter no. 38: National Court Rules, 1983 ; Criminal Practice Rules, 1987. [Papua New Guinea]: NJSS Publication, 1993.
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Court, Botswana High. Rules of the Magistrates' Courts, 2011. Gaborone: Government Printer, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Ruler's court"
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Prek, Miro, and Silvère Lefèvre. "The General Court as the EU Competition Court?" In EU Competition and State Aid Rules, 39–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47962-9_2.
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Lambert, Paul B. "Courts." In Essential Introduction to Understanding European Data Protection Rules, 413–28. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017.: Auerbach Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781138069848-38.
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Lambert, Paul B. "Courts." In Essential Introduction to Understanding European Data Protection Rules, 413–28. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017.: Auerbach Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315115269-38.
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McCoubrie, Paul. "Rule #12 / / Never Count Anything." In The Rules of Radiology, 45–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65229-6_12.
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Holland, James, and Julian Webb. "6. The Doctrine of Judicial Precedent." In Learning Legal Rules, 160–95. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198799900.003.0006.
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This chapter examines the use of case law to solve legal problems. In the study and practice of law we seek to analyse legal principles; and the ‘principles’ in English law are derived from pure case law or from case law dealing with statutes. The discussions cover the idea of binding precedent (stare decisis); establishing the principle in a case; the mechanics of stare decisis; whether there are any other exceptions to the application of stare decisis to the Court of Appeal that have emerged since 1944; whether every case has to be heard by the Court of Appeal before it can proceed to the Supreme Court; precedent in the higher courts; other courts; and the impact of human rights legislation.
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"Specialized Courts: International Criminal Courts and Tribunals The International Criminal Court." In The Rules, Practice, and Jurisprudence of International Courts and Tribunals, 189–232. Brill | Nijhoff, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004194830_009.
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Horspool, Margot, Matthew Humphreys, and Michael Wells-Greco. "4. The European Courts: composition, functions, jurisdiction; preliminary rulings." In European Union Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198818854.003.0004.
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This chapter discusses the composition, functions and jurisdiction of European Courts. It discusses indirect actions (preliminary rulings) and direct actions, i.e. actions brought by or against the European Institutions and the Member States, and between the Member States. The Courts are the CJEU which includes the Court of Justice, the General Court and specialised courts. The chapter discusses rules of procedure, judicial activism, preliminary rulings, the jurisdiction of national courts, discretionary and mandatory references, when national courts should refer, whether, interim measures, effects of preliminary rules, and the future of preliminary rulings.
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Gillespie, Alisdair, and Siobhan Weare. "3. Domestic Sources of Law: Case Law." In The English Legal System. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198785439.003.0003.
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This chapter continues the discussion of sources of domestic law, focusing on material produced by the courts through cases. It covers the reporting of cases, the hierarchy of courts, legal principles, and the operation of precedent. The courts operate a system of precedent known as stare decisis (‘let the decision stand’). The type of precedent set depends on the court sitting, with the most complicated rules occurring in the Court of Appeal. As a general rule of thumb, the court setting the precedent will bind every court below it but the real question is under what circumstances that court is bound by itself.
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Gillespie, Alisdair A., and Siobhan Weare. "3. Domestic Sources of Law: Case Law." In The English Legal System, 65–95. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198830900.003.0003.
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This chapter continues the discussion of sources of domestic law, focusing on material produced by the courts through cases. It covers the reporting of cases, the hierarchy of courts, legal principles, and the operation of precedent. The courts operate a system of precedent known as stare decisis (‘let the decision stand’). The type of precedent set depends on the court sitting, with the most complicated rules occurring in the Court of Appeal. As a general rule of thumb, the court setting the precedent will bind every court below it but the real question is under what circumstances that court is bound by itself.
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Gillespie, Alisdair A., and Siobhan Weare. "3. Domestic Sources of Law: Case Law." In The English Legal System, 67–96. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198868996.003.0003.
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This chapter continues the discussion of sources of domestic law, focusing on material produced by the courts through cases. It covers the reporting of cases, the hierarchy of courts, legal principles, and the operation of precedent. The courts operate a system of precedent known as stare decisis (‘let the decision stand’). The type of precedent set depends on the court sitting, with the most complicated rules occurring in the Court of Appeal. As a general rule of thumb, the court setting the precedent will bind every court below it but the real question is under what circumstances that court is bound by itself.
Conference papers on the topic "Ruler's court"
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Alashaal, Abdullah. "The role of international law in dealing with national legislative deficit." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DEFICIENCIES AND INFLATION ASPECTS IN LEGISLATION. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicdial.pp18-24.
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International law and national law and legal regime.The paper analyzed all situations in which the two systems of laws positively interact.The lacuna en droit is detested by the doctrine and all court levels,however,the national and international judges tend invariably to apply rules of exaequo et Bono,these rules are applicable by international arbitratios and law courts. The paper analyzed as well the rules that enable international law to perform it's job and the challenges they encounter the function.
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Mitkus, Sigitas. "Liability of a Technical Supervisor of Construction: Analysis of Lithuanian Case Law." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cbme.2017.006.
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The article deals with the liability issues of a technical supervisor of construction in Lithuania. It is established in statutory law that a technical supervisor of construction is liable against an owner jointly with other parties involved in the construction (contractor, designer); however, it provides no explanation as to how this liability is distributed between the parties. Analysis of case law of the Supreme Court of Lithuania is used as a basis for crystallizing the rules applied by the courts in defining liability of a technical supervisor of construction and distributing it between other construction players. It has been found out that the liability attributed in case law to the technical supervisor of construction found guilty for defective construction works usually varies from 15% to 20%. The findings of this research may be used in systems for predicting court judgements and decision support systems for judicial disputes.
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Turanjanin, Veljko. "UNFORESEEABILITY AND ABUSE OF CRIMINAL LAW DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN SERBIA." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18305.
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The author deals with the problem of criminal measures and sanctions in the legislation of the Republic of Serbia during the Covid-19 pandemic. The executive branch of the government declared a state of emergency in the Republic of Serbia in March 2020. At the same time the so-called Crisis Headquarter was established with the authority to impose measures of criminal-legal nature. During the two-month state of emergency, through the Crisis Headquarter, the executive branch of the government was changing criminal laws and sanctions at an almost daily basis. It is debatable whether such laws meet the rule of law and the European Court of Human Rights standards. Many citizens failed to adapt their behavior to the imposed measures. On the one hand, the courts have fallen into the trap of double punishment, both for a crime and for a misdemeanor. On the other hand, justifications of the courts’ decisions are also questionable, especially those containing references to statements made by members of the crisis team through the media. Furthermore, the Constitutional Court didn’t rule on any of the numerous requests for constitutional review, but in September it came out with the view that since the state of emergency was over, its decision was unnecessary. The paper is comprised of several units. In the first place, the author explains the process of legal changes by analyzing all the laws and rules that were passed by the end of 2020, as well as data related to the punishment of residents whose behavior was not in accordance with existing legal solutions. Bearing in mind the standards of the rule of law and the European Court of Human Rights, the author then explains that the measures implemented by the Serbian authorities do not meet the basic required criteria, primarily the foreseeability of the law, as well as that the laws were abused for the purpose of the election campaign. The special attention is paid to curfews and the complete ban on leaving homes for senior citizens well as ban of contacting with the family members, and then the lockdown of the rest of the population. The actions taken by the authorities during the epidemic resulted in violation of human rights of their citizens, and experience shows that the only court that citizens will be able to turn to will be the European Court of Human Rights. The author believes that with this understanding of the law and respect for its own citizens, the European Union can only be a distant idea.
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"Direct Application of WTO Rules By China People’s Court in PRC Law." In 2019 Scientific Conference on Management, Education and Psychology. The Academy of Engineering and Education (AEE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35532/jsss.v1.032.
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Cao, Cong, Weimin Wang, Cungen Cao, and Liangjun Zang. "Mining Association Rules on Qing Court Medical Records: Semantic Abstraction and Standardization." In 2012 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cit.2012.102.
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Tzacheva, Angelina A., Midhun M. Sunny, and Pranava Mummoju. "MR-Apriori count distribution algorithm for parallel Action Rules discovery." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Applications (ICKEA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ickea.2016.7803005.
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Бардин, Лев, and Lev Bardin. "On the issue of the right to provide legal assistance." In St. Petersburg international Legal forum RD forum video — Rostov-na-Donu. Москва: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_5a3a6faa331e66.29746358.
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The law establishes that representatives in the courts can be both lawyers and other persons providing legal assistance, as well as legal representatives. The Constitutional Court in its Resolution No. 15-P of 16.07.2004 indicated that representatives of legal entities in arbitration proceedings can be any person. But in accordance with Item II (A) (a) of the List of Specific Obligations of the Russian Federation for Services Included in Annex I to the Protocol of 16 December 2011 "On the Accession of the Russian Federation to the Marrakesh Agreement on the establishing of the WTO", only those who received the status Lawyer in accordance with Russian law, has the right to represent in criminal courts and Russian arbitration courts, as well as act as a representative of organizations in civil and administrative proceedings and proceedings on cases of administrative violations. Appropriate legislative changes are needed. The law states that the use of the terms "advocacy", "lawyer", "lawyer's chamber", "lawyer’s entity" in the names of organizations is allowed only by lawyers. Every year, Russia's tax inspections register dozens of organizations set up by non-layers, illegally including the above terms in their names. The law should provide not only prohibitions, but also sanctions for violation of these prohibitions. Collegiums of advocates often include the phrase "partners" in their names. But lawyers - members of the board are not partners and do not sign partnership agreements. Partners can not be among the governing bodies of the collegium . The application by collegiums of lawyers of the rules provided for non-commercial partnerships by the Federal Law "On Non-Profit Organizations" in the part of partners is illegal.
Only lawyers can establish a lawyer’s bureau and conclude a partnership agreement. But in practice in lawyer’s bureau, persons who do not have the status of a lawyer become partners. In other countries, in associating lawyers limited liability partnerships, along with partners, there are "associates". The introduction of such "associates" in our lawyer’s bureau will be a good alternative to attempts to include commercial organizations in the composition of lawyer entities.
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Rittossa, Dalida. "THE INSTITUTE OF VULNERABILITY IN THE TIME OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC: ALL SHADES OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS SPECTRUM." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18354.
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The vulnerability thesis is one of the most important legal concepts in contemporary legal theory. Apart from being studied by legal scholars, the notion of vulnerability has been embodied in concrete legal rules and transferred to national case law allowing courts to set its boundaries by the power of judicial interpretation. Even though it would be hard to contest Schroeder and Gefenas’s statement that it is not necessary for an academic to say what vulnerability is because common sense dictates the existence of it, recent scholarly analysis clearly shows that the concept itself has become intolerably vague and slippery. More precisely, it is not quite clear what the essence of vulnerability is and what the effects of its gradation as well as repercussions are on other constitutional institutes across the human rights spectrum. The noted vagueness poses a great concern, particularly in the time of COVID-19, the greatest social stressor that humanity has faced in recent months. The COVID-19 crisis has had untold consequences on our health, mental well-being, educational growth, and economic stability. In order for the state to bear the COVID-19 social burden and adequately protect the vulnerable, it is of the utmost importance to set clear guidance for the interpretation and implementation of the vulnerability concept. Seeking to contribute to literature on these issues, the author brings light to constitutional and criminal legal standards on vulnerability set within the current jurisprudence and doctrine. Bearing in mind the influence of the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter, the ECtHR or the Court) on developments in human rights law, 196 judgments related to vulnerability have been retrieved from the HUDOC database using a keywords search strategy. The quantitative analysis was supplemented with more in-depth qualitative linguistic research of the Court’s reasoning in cases concerning vulnerable children, persons suffering from mental illness and victims of family violence. Although the vulnerability reasoning has considerably expended their rights within the ambit of the Convention, the analysis has shown that inconsistencies and ambiguities emerge around the formulation of the applicant’s vulnerability and its gradation with respect to positive obligations. The full creative and transformative potential of the institute of vulnerability is yet to be realized.
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Li, Keshu, and Meixia Shi. "Direct Application of World Trade Organization Rules: By European Court of Justice in European Union Law." In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Economic and Business Management (FEBM 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/febm-18.2018.51.
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Lučić, Sonja. "JAČANjE PRINCIPA NEUTRALNOSTI INTERNETA KROZ PRAKSU SUDA PRAVDE EU." In XVII majsko savetovanje. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujevcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uvp21.505l.
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In Case C-807/18 the Court of Justice of the EU had the opportunity to interpret Regulation 2015/2120, which contains the principle of Internet Neutrality, for the first time. On this occasion, the Court took position that Internet providers must not favor certain applications and services for providing and using data on the Internet to the detriment of others. The principle of net neutrality existed even before the adoption of Regulation 2015/2120. This Regulation establishes measures concerning open access to the Internet. Namely, the Regulation sets rules aimed at ensuring equality and nondiscriminatory treatement of traffic, as well as protection of the rights of end users. The principle of net neutrality implies that all providers of internet access services will treat all traffic equally without discrimination, restriction or interference and regardless of the sender and recipient, the content accessed or distributed,
Reports on the topic "Ruler's court"
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Kuijper, Pieter Jan. Conflicting Rules and Clashing Courts. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ds_ip_20101104.
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Harris, Patricia A. Where's the Remote Control? It's Time for Virtual Justice: A Proposal to Amend the Rules of Court-Martial to Allow for Testimony by Video Teleconference. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada440267.
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