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Journal articles on the topic 'Rumen Proteins'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Sadeghi, A. A., A. Nikkhah, and P. Shawrang. "Monitoring the fate of untreated and microwave treated canola (oilseed rape) meal protein in the rumen using SDS-PAGE." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175275620001108x.

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Canola meal (CM) proteins are extensively degraded in the rumen. Various physical and chemical treatments have been used to alter the rate of ruminal degradation of CM protein, thus decreasing rumen protein degradability and increasing the content of metabolizable protein. To our knowledge, little information is available concerning the effect of microwave treatment on the type of CM proteins that leaves the rumen undegraded. The main objective of our research was to evaluate the degradation of untreated and microwave treated CM proteins by using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel elec

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2

Shawrang, P., and A. A. Sadeghi. "Effects of gamma irradiation on protein degradation of safflower meal in the rumen." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200020718.

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Safflower meal proteins are extensively degraded in the rumen. Attempts to decrease the degradability of feedstuffs proteins have involved treatment with heat, formaldehyde, tannic acid, acetic acid, xylose, and microwave (Sadeghi et al., 2006). To our knowledge, no information is available concerning effects of gamma irradiation on ruminal protein degradation and type of safflower meal proteins that leave the rumen undegraded. The objectives of this study were to investigate effects of gamma irradiation on ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of safflower meal crude protein, and

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3

Toyoda, Atsushi, Wataru Iio, Makoto Mitsumori, and Hajime Minato. "Isolation and Identification of Cellulose-Binding Proteins from Sheep Rumen Contents." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 6 (2009): 1667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01838-08.

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ABSTRACT To extend our understanding of the mechanisms of plant cell wall degradation in the rumen, cellulose-binding proteins (CBPs) from the contents of a sheep rumen were directly isolated and identified using a metaproteomics approach. The rumen CBPs were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and some CBPs revealed endoglucanase activities toward carboxymethyl cellulose. Using mass spectrometry analyses, four CBPs were identified and annotated as known proteins from the predominant rumen cellulolytic bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes: tetratricopeptide re

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4

Kingston-Smith, A. H., R. J. Merry, D. K. Leemans, H. Thomas, and M. K. Theodorou. "Evidence in support of a role for plant-mediated proteolysis in the rumens of grazing animals." British Journal of Nutrition 93, no. 1 (2005): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041303.

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The present work aimed to differentiate between proteolytic activities of plants and micro-organisms during the incubation of grass in cattle rumens. Freshly cut ryegrass was placed in bags of varying permeability and incubated for 16 h in the rumens of dairy cows that had previously grazed a ryegrass sward, supplemented with 4 kg dairy concentrate daily. Woven polyester bags (50 μm pore size) permitted direct access of the micro-organisms and rumen fluid enzymes to the plant material. The polythene was impermeable even to small molecules such as NH3. Dialysis tubing excluded micro-organisms a

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5

Chen, D., M. D. Peel, K. C. Olson, B. C. Weimer, and D. B. DeWald. "Differential ruminal degradation of alfalfa proteins." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 89, no. 6 (2009): 1065–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps08220.

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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has high crude protein that is rapidly and extensively degraded in the rumen. Our objective was to develop a protocol where individual proteins could be characterized for their ruminal degradation. Proteins from individual genotypes of three alfalfa cultivars were characterized using fluorescence 2D difference gel electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for protein identification. Twenty-six proteins were characterized, representing between 33 and 41% of the total protein among genotypes. Variation for protein degradation was observed among protei

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Mosimanyana, B. M., and D. N. Mowat. "Rumen protection of heat-treated soybean proteins." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 72, no. 1 (1992): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas92-008.

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The effects of processing variables on soybean crude protein (CP) ruminal degradation were investigated. Soybean meal (SBM) was heated in a forced-air oven (90 °C, 1 h) with blood (0, 5, 10 and 20% dry matter) and/or xylose (3 mol mol−1 SBM-blood lysine) in a randomized complete block design. In another experiment, whole soybeans were utilized using the following treatments: raw; roasted (in Gem Co. unit exit temperature 150 °C) and steeped for 0 or 2 h; roasted, flaked (exit temperature 111 °C) and steeped for 0, 1, 2, 3 h or 1 h with 4% xylose and/or 10% blood. Solubility of SBM CP was reduc

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7

Newbold, J. R., and S. R. Rust. "Rumen proteolysis of constituent proteins of soyabean meal." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1990 (March 1990): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600018110.

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Many feedstuffs consist of a variety of proteins which, differing in size and structure, may undergo proteolysis in the rumen at different rates. The conventional use of single, constant coefficients to describe the proportion of protein degraded in the rumen (e.g. 0.65 for soyabean meal) may, therefore, be inappropriate. Soyabeans contain two major storage proteins, β-conglycinin and glycinin. Two experiments were conducted to assess differences in rate of proteolysis between α and β sub-units of β-conglycinin (molecular weight approximately 66kD and 56kD, respectively) and acidic and basic s

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8

MAJAK, W., R. E. HOWARTH, and P. NARASIMHALU. "CHLOROPHYLL AND PROTEIN LEVELS IN BOVINE RUMEN FLUID IN RELATION TO ALFALFA PASTURE BLOAT." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 65, no. 1 (1985): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas85-015.

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Rumen-fistulated cattle were fed fresh alfalfa herbage daily during three growing seasons. Two hours after feeding the incidence of bloat and of ruminal frothiness was recorded and samples of feed and rumen fluid were collected for analyses of chlorophyll and soluble protein. These constituents were examined in relation to the bloat-causing potential of the alfalfa and in relation to the occurrence of froth in rumen contents. Chlorophyll in rumen fluid was higher on days when the alfalfa caused bloat, compared to days when bloat did not occur (P < 0.01). Chlorophyll was also higher in froth

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9

Putri, Ezi Masdia, Mardiati Zain, Lili Warly, and Hermon Hermon. "In vitro evaluation of ruminant feed from West Sumatera based on chemical composition and content of rumen degradable and rumen undegradable proteins." Veterinary World 12, no. 9 (2019): 1478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1478-1483.

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Aim: This research aimed to discover the chemical composition, as well as the content of the degradable and undegradable protein of the ruminant feed commonly used as cattle feed by Indonesian farmers. Materials and Methods: In this study, Pennisetum purpureum, Leucaena leucocephala, Indigofera zollingeriana, Gliricidia sepium, cassava, maize, palm kernel cake, and rice bran were used as feed. Chemical composition was determined by proximate and Van Soest analyses performed in triplicate. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility, as well as the rumen degradable proteins (RDP) and rumen unde

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10

Mirza, M. Aslam, and E. L. Miller. "In vitro degradability of feed proteins in the rumen: use of non-rumen proteases." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 8 (2005): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04111.

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Various feed proteins were incubated independently with bacterial protease from Streptomyces griseus (SGP), papain (Corica papaya), and ficin (Ficus glabrata) in a simple laboratory assay to predict ruminal protein degradability. The estimates obtained from in vitro assays were compared with those obtained from an in situ analysis using synthetic fibre bags. The rate and extent of degradation in vitro using proteases from non-rumen sources differed among substrates used. A high correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.99) was observed between N-degradability from the in vitro method using SGP and in si

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11

Cannizzo, C., M. Gianesella, E. Giudice, V. Messina, G. Piccione, and M. Morgante. "Serum acute phase proteins in cows with SARA (Subacute Ruminal Acidosis) suspect." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 64, no. 1 (2012): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352012000100003.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the variations of Acute Phase Proteins (APPs) and other blood constituents during the onset of the sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) pathological status. A total of 108 cows from 12 dairy herds were randomly selected and divided into three Groups of 36 animals each. All animals were subjected to a rumenocentesis. Group A was composed by subjects with a rumen pH>5.8, Group B was composed by subjects with a rumen pH ≤5.5≤5.8 and Group C was composed by subjects with a rumen pH<5.5. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture and Haptoglobin (H

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12

Rooke, J. A., M. A. Overend, and D. G. Armstrong. "The effects upon rumen microbial protein synthesis of giving sheep diets of rolled barley and hay supplemented with increasing quantities of soya-bean meal." Journal of Agricultural Science 106, no. 3 (1986): 635–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185960006353x.

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A ruminant animal is largely dependent upon microbial protein synthesized within the reticulorumen for amino acids to meet its requirements for maintenance and production. The major precursor for rumen microbial protein synthesis is ammonia arising both from degradation of feed proteins within the rumen and from nitrogen recycled to the rumen. The concentration of rumen ammonia-N required to sustain maximal rates of microbial protein synthesis in vivo has been variably reported to range from 22 to 235 mg ammonia-N/1 rumen fluid (Miller, 1982). Most experiments which have investigated the conce

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13

Jin, Di, Shengguo Zhao, Nan Zheng, Yves Beckers, and Jiaqi Wang. "Urea Metabolism and Regulation by Rumen Bacterial Urease in Ruminants – A Review." Annals of Animal Science 18, no. 2 (2018): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2017-0028.

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AbstractUrea is used as non-protein nitrogen in the rations of ruminants as an economical replacement for feed proteins. Urea transferred from the blood to the rumen is also an important source of nitrogen for rumen microbial growth. It is rapidly hydrolyzed by rumen bacterial urease to ammonia (NH3) and the NH3is utilized for the synthesis of microbial proteins required to satisfy the protein requirements of ruminants. Urea has commonly become an accepted ingredient in the diets of ruminants. In recent decades, urea utilization in ruminants has been investigated by using traditional research

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14

Spencer, D., T. J. V. Higgins, M. Freer, H. Dove, and J. B. Coombe. "Monitoring the fate of dietary proteins in rumen fluid using gel electrophoresis." British Journal of Nutrition 60, no. 2 (1988): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19880096.

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1. When fractionated by sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), strained rumen fluid from sheep fed on pelleted lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay showed no major protein components that stain with Coomassie Blue. This feature made it possible to monitor the fate of individual polypeptides within a protein mixture incubated in rumen fluid in vitro.2. Extracts from a number of seed meals (sunflower (Helianthus annuus), lupin (Lupinus angustifolius), rape (Brassica napus) and pea (Pisum sativum L.)), as well as casein and bovine serum albumin, were examined in this syste

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15

Salawu, M. B., T. Acamovic, T. Hvelplund, and M. R. Weisbjerg. "Effects of tannins, formaldehyde and formic acid on total tract disappearance of DM, nitrogen and amino acids in grass silage." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600033663.

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A major problem with grass is that during ensilage the proteins are degraded and nitrogen lost as non protein nitrogen. In the animal a disadvantage of grass silage is that the proteinaceous nitrogen is readily degraded in the rumen to ammonia. There is considerable evidence in the literature indicating that ruminal undegradable protein is a desirable component of some feeds (AFRC, 1993). This is valuable since proteins that by-pass the rumen may be digested in the intestine and the resultant amino acids absorbed. Tannins have been identified by other workers as suitable for the protection of

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16

Maskaľová, Iveta, Vladimír Vajda, Marek Krempaský, and Lukáš Bujňák. "Rumen degradability and ileal digestibility of proteins and amino acids of feedstuffs for cows." Acta Veterinaria Brno 83, no. 3 (2014): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201483030225.

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Knowledge of the profile of amino acids of the rumen-undegradable protein can help in the formulation of diets to provide amino acids that complement microbial protein as well as supply amino acids, which are most limiting for milk production. Three non-lactating cows fitted with rumen cannulas were used to determine the effect ofin siturumen degradation on crude protein and amino acid profile of rumen-undegraded protein of feedstuffs. The obtained values of rumen degradability of crude protein with significant difference (P< 0.001) between feeds ranged from 20.3 to 76.3% (mean 62.0 ± 17.9%

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17

Cros, P., M. Vernay, C. Bayourthe, and R. Moncoulon. "Influence of extrusion on ruminal and intestinal disappearance of amino acids in whole horsebean." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 72, no. 2 (1992): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas92-043.

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Horse-beans (HB) were extruded at 120 °C. Two nonlactating Holstein cows with rumen and proximal duodenal fistulae were used to determine the effect of extrusion on in situ rumen degradation after 4, 8 and 16 h of incubation and intestinal digestibility of HB protein. Results of the present study indicate that processing diminished the ruminal degradability of HB proteins; after 4, 8 and 16 h of rumen exposure the nitrogen loss was reduced by 29, 31 and 18% respectively, with a corresponding increase in the amounts disappearing from the intestine of 110, 169 and 135%. Heat-treatment did not al

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18

Broudiscou, Laurent-Philippe, Oscar Laguna, Jérôme Lecomte, Véronique Solé-Jamault, and Sylvie Dauguet. "Methods assessment of self-tanning of rapeseed and sunflower meal fractions enriched in proteins and phenolic compounds using in vitro measurement of protein rumen degradability." OCL 27 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2019051.

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Two protein tanning methods were evaluated to contribute to the withdrawal of formaldehyde as a tanning agent of meals for feeding ruminants. The experimental materials were two fractions of rapeseed and sunflower meals collected at the positive electrode of an electrostatic separator, presenting high contents in proteins and phenolic compounds. The objective was to make phenolics and proteins interact without addition of exogenous tannins. Treatment CH incubated a meal fraction:water mixture (1:2, w:w) for 48 h at 50 °C. Treatment FR incubated a meal fraction:water mixture (1:10, w:w) at pH 9

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19

Sklan, D. "In vitro and in vivo rumen protection of proteins coated with calcium soaps of long-chain fatty acids." Journal of Agricultural Science 112, no. 1 (1989): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600084136.

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SummaryThe in sacco, in vitro and in vivo effects of feeding proteins partially coated with calcium soaps of longchain fatty acids were examined.In sacco, 84–90% of whey powder and soya-bean meal coated with calcium salts of fatty acids remained after 20 h incubation in the rumen of sheep. In vitro tests revealed no effects on volatile fatty acid or ammonia production.In vivo sheep balance studies, where soya-bean meal coated with calcium soaps was substituted for soya-bean meal, showed no effects on ammonia or volatile fatty acid production in the rumen due to the calcium soap coated proteins

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20

Tanner, Gregory J., Andrew E. Moore, and Philip J. Larkin. "Proanthocyanidins inhibit hydrolysis of leaf proteins by rumen microflora in vitro." British Journal of Nutrition 71, no. 6 (1994): 947–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19940198.

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Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins; PA) purified from the leaves of forage legumesTrifolium arvense, Lotus pedunculatus, Lotus corniculatus, Dorycnium rectum, Coronilla varia, Onobrychis viciifolia, orHedysarum coronarium, were added to soluble lucerne (Medicago sativa) leaf protein and incubated with strained rumen fluidin vitro. Fractions were collected and frozen immediately. Denatured proteins were fractionated by sodium dodecylsulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE), stained, and relative levels were quantified by densitometry. In the absence of PA the large subunit (LSU)

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21

MAHADEVAN, S., F. D. SAUER, and J. D. ERFLE. "PREPARATION OF PROTEASE FROM MIXED RUMEN MICROORGANISMS AND ITS USE FOR THE IN VITRO DETERMINATION OF THE DEGRADABILITY OF TRUE PROTEIN IN FEEDSTUFFS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 67, no. 1 (1987): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas87-007.

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Mixed rumen microorganisms present in bovine rumen fluid were extracted with butanol-acetone to provide a dry powder which retained 75–80% of the proteolytic activity of strained rumen fluid (SRF). Sixty percent of the proteolytic activity of the powder was extracted with water and concentrated on an Amicon XM-300 filter to give a protease preparation which had about 30% of the activity present in the SRF. The protease preparation was used for the determination of the rates of feed protein degradation in vitro by incubating at pH 6.8 in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer and measuring the rate o

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22

Kalmokoff, M. L., J. W. Austin, M. F. Whitford, and R. M. Teather. "Characterization of a major envelope protein from the rumen anaerobeSelenomonas ruminantiumOB268." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 46, no. 4 (2000): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w99-149.

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Cell envelopes from the Gram-negative staining but phylogenetically Gram-positive rumen anaerobe Selenomonas ruminantium OB268 contained a major 42 kDa heat modifiable protein. A similarly sized protein was present in the envelopes of Selenomonas ruminantium D1 and Selenomonas infelix. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Triton X-100 extracted cell envelopes from S. ruminantium OB268 showed that they consisted primarily of the 42 kDa protein. Polyclonal antisera produced against these envelopes cross-reacted only with the 42 kDa major envelope proteins in both S. rumin

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23

Sadeghi, A. A., A. Nikkhah, P. Shawrang, and M. Moradi. "Effects of thermally activated sodium bentonite on ruminal degradation and intestinal digestibility of soya bean meal crude protein." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200011157.

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In ruminants, the protein value of a feedstuff is determined by the amount of amino acids from microbial protein and rumen undegraded dietary protein (UDP) absorbed in the small intestine. The requirement of UDP increases with the production level of the animal. This protein can be supplied by increasing the amount of dietary protein escaping degradation in the rumen. Various physical and chemical treatments have been used to alter the rate of ruminal degradation of soya bean meal (SBM) protein, thus increasing its post-ruminal availability. Recently Al-Asheh et al (2003) reported that thermal

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24

Bento, M. H. L., A. J. Cowieson, T. Acamovic, and J. M. F. Abreu. "The effects of quebracho tannins on rumen degradation and post-rumen digestion of pea and lupin seeds." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200007948.

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The use of alternative protein sources in ruminant diets is of interest because of restrictions on the use of animal proteins, loss of nitrogen (N) compounds to the environment and efforts to reduce costs of systems. A problem of some protein-rich-ingredients is that they degrade rapidly in the rumen. The use of tannins has been proposed as a means of reducing the extensive dietary protein degradation in the rumen. However, condensed tannins have been reported to exert detrimental effects on gut microflora and on the gastrointestinal tract, and they can affect post-rumen digestion. The two exp

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Zhong, Chongliang, Alan Farrell, and Gavin S. Stewart. "Localization of aquaporin-3 proteins in the bovine rumen." Journal of Dairy Science 103, no. 3 (2020): 2814–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-17735.

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26

Hoover, W. H., and S. R. Stokes. "Balancing Carbohydrates and Proteins for Optimum Rumen Microbial Yield." Journal of Dairy Science 74, no. 10 (1991): 3630–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(91)78553-6.

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Bruchem, J. van, S. M. G. Rouwers, G. A. Bangma, C. P. Leffering, and P. W. M. van Adrichem. "Digestion of proteins of varying degradability in sheep. 1. Fermentation in and rate of passage from the reticulorumen." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 33, no. 3 (1985): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v33i3.16840.

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Sugarbeet pulp, citrus pulp, sugarbeet molasses and minerals and vitamins were mixed with different amounts of groundnut expeller, potato protein, peas or dried brewers' grains to give 6 concentrates with protein solubility from 7 to 51%. The concentrates (600 g daily) were given with rye grass (300 g daily) to 2 Texel wethers weighing about 70 kg with a cannula in the dorsal rumen sac. With increasing degradability of protein, rumen fermentation was less stable, the diurnal variation and content of ammonia in rumen fluid were increased, the ratio of non-glucogenic to glucogenic volatile fatty

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Andrade-Montemayor, Héctor, Teresa García Gasca, and Jorge Kawas. "Ruminal fermentation modification of protein and carbohydrate by means of roasted and estimation of microbial protein synthesis." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 38, spe (2009): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982009001300028.

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The animal meal prohibition as a protein source with low ruminal degradability in ruminant nutrition, creates the need to seek alternatives, as legume seeds, however, its protein, have a high degradability, which could generate losses of nitrogen in the rumen. Other problem in the legume seeds is the content of antinutritional factors such as protease inhibitors, tannins, phenolic compounds, lectins and some others, could affect the digestibility. One alternative to decrease the degradability of the protein and/or decrease the activity of some antinutritional factors is the use of different te

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de Sousa Lamy, E. C. C., S. P. Williams, M. B. Salawu, and C. J. Hammond. "The utilization of a commercial rapeseed meal product (RaPass) as a protein supplement for lactating dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175275620000586x.

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Rapeseed meal is a common protein supplement in ruminant diets that is characterized by high rumen protein degradability (Bertilssonet al., 1994; Vanhataloet al., 1995). Appropriate treatment can however reduce ruminal protein degradability and increase the efficiency of protein utilization. RaPass (UM Feeds Marketing, Burton on Trent, Staffs, UK) is a commercial rapeseed meal product that made using the Maillard reaction. This is the non-enzymatic browning reaction between proteins and reducing sugars that protects protein from rumen degradation. Release of the protein at abomasal pH allows t

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Muhammed, Samira, Colin S. Stewart, and Thomas Acamovic. "Effects of tannic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid and catechin on cellulose degradation by the rumen fungusneocallimastix frontalisstrain rel." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600029135.

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The ingestion of tannins and other polyphenols by ruminants can adversely affect the growth and fibre-digesting activities of the rumen microorganisms (Muhammedet al.1994). However, components of rumen liquor such as preformed monomers (amino acids, purines and pyrimidines) and other nutrients may protect the microorganisms, by providing nutritional conditions optimal for growth and energy metabolism. Rumen liquor also contains plant proteins, to which phenolic substances may bind preferentially. The influence of some polyphenols on the degradation of cellulose by the anaerobic fungusNeocallim

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Stewart, G. S., C. Graham, S. Cattell, T. P. L. Smith, N. L. Simmons, and C. P. Smith. "UT-B is expressed in bovine rumen: potential role in ruminal urea transport." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 289, no. 2 (2005): R605—R612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00127.2005.

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The UT-A ( SLC14a2) and UT-B ( SLC14a1) genes encode a family of specialized urea transporter proteins that regulate urea movement across plasma membranes. In this report, we describe the structure of the bovine UT-B (bUT-B) gene and characterize UT-B expression in bovine rumen. Northern analysis using a full-length bUT-B probe detected a 3.7-kb UT-B signal in rumen. RT-PCR of bovine mRNA revealed the presence of two UT-B splice variants, bUT-B1 and bUT-B2, with bUT-B2 the predominant variant in rumen. Immunoblotting studies of bovine rumen tissue, using an antibody targeted to the NH2-terminu

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Teferedegne, B. "New perspectives on the use of tropical plants to improve ruminant nutrition." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59, no. 2 (2000): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665100000239.

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Inadequate nutrition is the main cause of low productivity by ruminants in sub-Saharan Africa. The primary feed resources in the region include natural pasture and crop residues that have tough texture, poor digestibility and are deficient in nutrients. These deficiencies can be corrected by supplementation with high-density feeds such as oilseed cakes and proteins of animal origin. However, protein sources such as oilseed cakes are beyond the economic reach of most farmers, while the incidence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Western intensive animal production may be thought to argue a

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Zahedifar, M., F. B. Castro, and E. R. Ørskov. "The use of extracted lignin from steam-treated wheat straw to protect protein from rumen microbial degradation." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2000 (2000): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200000508.

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During steam treatment of lignocellulosic materials lignin is depolymerised (Zahedifar, 1996) to lower molecular weight phenolic compounds. Those phenolics may have protein precipitating capacity (PPC) due to bearing some hydroxyl groups on their molecule (Kawamoto et al, 1992) as do some other phenolics like tannins. Protein precipitating capacity of tannins may have a positive effect in ruminants by protecting proteins from microbial degradation in the rumen. The aim of this study was to assess the PPC of the phenolic compounds extracted from steam-treated wheat straw (STWS) and possible use

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Gilbert, Rosalind, and Diane Ouwerkerk. "The Genetics of Rumen Phage Populations." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036165.

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The microbial populations of the rumen are widely recognised as being essential for ruminant nutrition and health, utilising and breaking down fibrous plant material which would otherwise be indigestible. The dense and highly diverse viral populations which co-exist with these microbial populations are less understood, despite their potential impacts on microbial lysis and gene transfer. In recent years, studies using metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and proteomics have provided new insights into the types of viruses present in the rumen and the proteins they produce. These studies however ar

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Dairo, F. A. S., O. O. Aina, and A. R. Asafa. "Performance evaluation of growing rabbits fed varying levels of rumen content and blood rumen-content mixture." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 32, no. 1 (2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v32i1.1036.

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A total of 42 growing rabbits of different crossbreds with initial average weight of 1.20kg were fed rations in wghuch rumen content (RC) and blood-rumen content (BRC) proteins were substituted for groundnut cake protein in a completely randomized design. they were grouped into 7 treatments for 3 replicates, each containing 2 rabbits. They were fed RC and BRC in a practical diet at 10, 20 and 30% dietary inclusion levels for 56 days. The average daily feed intake(ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were not significantly influ

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Bond, Jude J., Jonathan C. Dunne, Fiona Y.-S. Kwan, et al. "Carbohydrate transporting membrane proteins of the rumen bacterium, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus." Journal of Proteomics 75, no. 11 (2012): 3138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2011.12.013.

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Thivierge, M. C., J. F. Bernier, and H. Lapierre. "Effects of supplemental protein and energy and feeding frequency on the performance of lactating dairy cows fed a protein deficient diet." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 82, no. 2 (2002): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a01-066.

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The objective of this experiment was to study the interaction between feeding frequency and supplementation of a protein-deficient diet with an undegradable protein and energy source on milk production and composition. Eight Holstein cows were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, using a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 14-d experimental periods. The main factors were feeding frequency of the basal diet (two vs. seven times daily) and the addition of a protein-energy supplement fed in seven meals daily. Intake of the basal diet was individually restricted to 95% of previous ad libit

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Hancock, Kerrie R., Paul M. Ealing, and Derek W. R. White. "Idendification of sulphur-rich proteins which resist rumen degradation and are hydrolysed rapidly by intestinal proteases." British Journal of Nutrition 72, no. 6 (1994): 855–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19940090.

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Several proteins with high proportions of S-containing essential amino acids were incubated in sheep rumen fluid in vitro and their rate of digestion was examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The S-rich proteins rice prolamin (10 kDa), maize zein (10 kDa) and the 3·2 kDa pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.) trypsin inhibitor-1 (CMTI-1) were highly resistant to rumen fluid degradation, relative to control proteins of known degradation rate (casein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and pea (Pisum sativum) albumin-1 (PA1)). Comparison of PA1 and a recombinant N-terminal epito

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Allen, J. D., and J. M. Gawthornet. "Involvement of the solid phase of rumen digesta in the interaction between copper, molybdenum and sulphur in sheep." British Journal of Nutrition 58, no. 2 (1987): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19870094.

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1. Merino sheep fed on a diet of chopped wheaten hay, chopped lucerne (Medicago saliva) hay and oat grain were the source of rumen contents for the study. The diet contained (mg/kg dry weight) 3.3 copper, 0.24 molybdenum and 2.8 sulphur. The effects of adding between 5 and 25 mg Mo/kg as ammonium molybdate (AM) or tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) on the distribution and forms of Cu and Mo in rumen contents were investigated in vivo and in vitro.2. Approximately 88 % of the Cu and 94% of the Mo in rumen contents were associated with the solid phase. When AM or TTM was added to rumen contents in vivo or

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Robinson, P. H., D. M. Veira, and M. Ivan. "Influence of supplemental protein quality on rumen fermentation, rumen microbial yield, forestomach digestion, and intestinal amino acid flow in late lactation Holstein cows." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 78, no. 1 (1998): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a97-054.

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The quality of dietary protein for dairy cows is generally assessed based upon the proportion of it which is expected to degrade in the rumen (DIP) vs. that which is expected to escape the rumen undegraded (UIP). However characteristics of dietary proteins can impact the nutritional value of the DIP and UIP. Four lactating Holstein cows were fed a low protein (9.8% CP of DM) ration of 28.6% timothy silage, 27.2% whole crop barley silage, and 44.2% grain-based concentrate (DM basis). This was supplemented with 1.3 kg d−1 of ground barley with either no additional protein supplement, 1.11 kg d−1

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Ding, Shi-You, Marco T. Rincon, Raphael Lamed, et al. "Cellulosomal Scaffoldin-Like Proteins fromRuminococcus flavefaciens." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 6 (2001): 1945–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.6.1945-1953.2001.

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ABSTRACT Two tandem cellulosome-associated genes were identified in the cellulolytic rumen bacterium, Ruminococcus flavefaciens. The deduced gene products represent multimodular scaffoldin-related proteins (termed ScaA and ScaB), both of which include several copies of explicit cellulosome signature sequences. The scaB gene was completely sequenced, and its upstream neighbor scaAwas partially sequenced. The sequenced portion of scaAcontains repeating cohesin modules and a C-terminal dockerin domain. ScaB contains seven relatively divergent cohesin modules, two extremely long T-rich linkers, an

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Chaudhry, A. S. "Estimation of in vitro degradation of dietary proteins in ruminants by using enzymes." BSAP Occasional Publication 22 (1998): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00032882.

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Protein degradation in the rumen determines the supply of dietary nitrogen (N) to microbes and undegraded amino acids for direct absorption. The current systems of feeding ruminants identify rumen degradable protein (RDP) from undegraded protein (UDP) which is digestible post ruminally (Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC), 1992; Huntington and Givens 1995). The in sacco method has been useful to estimate RDP, UDP and rate of degradation of proteins in ruminants. However, its use is constrained by the fact that it requires surgically modified animals, is laborious, inconsistent and do

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Chaudhry, A. S., A. J. F. Webster, and S. Marsden. "Evaluation of feed proteins for ruminants by solubility and electrophoresis." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600023187.

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The extent of uncertainties associated with most of the existing protein evaluation systems for ruminants necessitates the need for some alternative investigations. Recently Newbold and Rust (1990) have demonstrated a close relationship between rumen proteolysis and protein fractions of soybean meal. Such relationship may be helpful in describing different feed proteins in terms of their ability to supply amino acid N to ruminant tissues. Present experiments were, therefore, conducted to examine the feasibility of using parameters such as protein size, type and structure, determined by solubil

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Song, M. K., and J. J. Kennelly. "Effects of ammonia concentration and microbial population on in vitro degradation of 14C-labelled dietary proteins." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 71, no. 1 (1991): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas91-014.

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Rumen fluid from two nonlactating cows fed barley silage and rolled barley grain based concentrates (75:25 on a dry matter basis) was incubated for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h with 14C-labelled soybean meal (SBM), fish meal (FM) and corn gluten meal (CGM) to examine the effects of ammonia concentration and protein solubility on rate and extent of protein degradation by total mixed ruminal microorganisms (TMM) or mixed ruminal bacteria (MB). Proteins were labelled by reductive methylation. Ammonia concentration in control ruminal fluid was 4.0 mg dL−1; graded levels of 1 M (NH4)2SO4 were added to ach

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MITSUMORI, MAKOTO, and HAJIME MINATO. "Distribution of cellulose-binding proteins among the representative strainsof rumen bacteria." Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 41, no. 4 (1995): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2323/jgam.41.297.

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Miller, L. A., M. A. Neville, D. H. Baker, et al. "Milk production from dairy cows offered perennial ryegrass selected for high water soluble carbohydrate concentrations compared to a control grass." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1999 (1999): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175275620000363x.

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The efficiency of grass nitrogen utilisation for milk production tends to be low, due partly to the slow rate of release of energy in the rumen which reduces the efficiency of capture of rapidly degradable plant proteins by the rumen microbial population. When additional sugars are infused into the rumen, microbial protein production is increased (Rooke et al., 1987). The objective of this study was to assess milk production using a grass variety that has been bred to express elevated water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations.Eight multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows in mid lactatio

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Zhang, Ke, Bibo Li, Mengmeng Guo, et al. "Maturation of the Goat Rumen Microbiota Involves Three Stages of Microbial Colonization." Animals 9, no. 12 (2019): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9121028.

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With increasing age, the rumen microbiota of new-born ruminants become central in the translation of fibrous feed substances into essential nutrients. However, the colonization process of the microbial community (especially fungal community) remains poorly understood in ruminants at pre-weaning stages. In this study, the rumen bacterial and fungal colonization processes were investigated in goats at eight stages using amplicon sequencing. For bacteria, we found 36 common core genera at D0, D3, D14, D28, and D56, including mainly Bacillus, Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, Prevotella_1, Lactococcus,

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Allison, R. D., A. R. Moss, and J. S. Blake. "The effect of feeding rations containing heat treated rapeseed meal, lupins and beans to lactating dairy cows on milk yield and quality." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2001 (2001): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200003860.

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The UK ruminant industry is currently reliant on soyabean meal and fishmeal as sources of high quality, digestible undegraded protein (DUP). However, there is increasing concern over the sustainability of fish stocks, and the world market price fluctuation and traceability of soya bean meal. There are a number of protein crops which will grow under UK conditions including sweet white lupins, peas, field beans and oilseeds (rapeseed meal and linseed meal). However, these proteins tend to be more rumen degradable than fish meal and soyabean meal (Moss and Givens, 1994). Heat moisture treatment h

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Strauss, C. E., T. A. McAllister, and L. B. Selinger. "Development of Pichia pastoris as a rumen escape vehicle for the intestinal delivery of recombinant proteins in ruminants." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84, no. 4 (2004): 611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a03-097.

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The effectiveness of cellular encapsulation as a method for delivery of bioactive proteins and limiting amino acids to the small intestine of ruminants was investigated. Intracellular expression of green fluorescent protein variant (GFPuv) in Pichia pastoris was used as a visible marker to assess the cellular integrity of P. pastoris and determine the potential of this approach for protecting recombinant proteins from microbial proteolysis in the rumen. Fluorescent cells were easily identified in the presence of strained ruminal fluid when viewed by epifluorescent microscopy, and intact cells

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Gomez, L., J. P. Jouany, B. Lassalas, and C. Bogaert. "The influence of lasalocid and cationomycin on nitrogen digestion in sheep: Comparison of methods for estimating microbial nitrogen." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 71, no. 2 (1991): 389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas91-049.

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An in vivo study was carried out to evaluate the effect of a new ionophore (cationomycin) on nitrogen digestion compared with lasalocid. Three diets based on forage were given (a control diet, a "cationomycin" diet, a "lasalocid" diet) to six sheep fitted with rumen duodenal and ileal cannulae over three different periods in a Latin square design experiment. The supply of lasalocid or cationomycin (33 mg kg−1) decreased (P < 0.05) the breakdown of dietary proteins in the rumen and lowered the microbial protein synthesis whatever the microbial marker used (diaminopimelic acid or purine bases

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