Academic literature on the topic 'Ruminace'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ruminace"
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MARTIN, C., L. BROSSARD, and M. DOREAU. "Mécanismes d’apparition de l’acidose ruminale latente et conséquences physiopathologiques et zootechniques." INRAE Productions Animales 19, no. 2 (March 13, 2006): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2006.19.2.3488.
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Alors que sa forme aiguë est devenue rare, l’acidose ruminale se développe dans nos systèmes de production intensive sous sa forme latente, plus discrète mais touchant un nombre important d’animaux avec des impacts financiers négatifs. L’acidose ruminale aiguë a pour origine une surconsommation accidentelle de glucides rapidement fermentescibles. Elle apparaît comme un état de perturbation bien défini : chute du pH à des valeurs inférieures à 5, associée à une accumulation de lactate dans le rumen. Ceci est dû à l’appauvrissement de l’écosystème microbien ruminal (protozoaires, bactéries) au profit d’une flore productrice de lactate acido-tolérante. L’acidose latente apparaît plus spécialement lors des périodes de transitions alimentaires vers des régimes à forte densité énergétique. Elle représente un état de déséquilibre transitoire plus ou moins fréquent ou durable. La baisse du pH, proche des valeurs physiologiques inférieures (pH moyen entre 5 et 6,25), n’est pas liée à l’accumulation de lactate, mais à celle des acides gras volatils. La proportion d’acétate diminue en relation avec la baisse de l’activité cellulolytique. Pour une baisse de pH modérée, les protozoaires se développent et les fermentations s’orientent vers le butyrate. Pour des pH plus faibles, les protozoaires disparaissent au profit des bactéries amylolytiques, avec une orientation fermentaire vers le propionate. Ces modifications ruminales peuvent avoir des conséquences physiopathologiques à plus ou moins long terme au niveau digestif (inhibition de la motricité ruminale, diarrhées, lésions de la paroi ruminale…), des troubles métaboliques ou encore des complications infectieuses et locomotrices. Les conséquences négatives sur les quantités ingérées et les performances, bien que réelles, sont très difficiles à quantifier du fait que les régimes acidogènes, riches en concentré, vont généralement de pair avec des quantités ingérées et des performances élevées. L’état d’acidose se traduirait par des diminutions de courte durée, et donc une plus grande irrégularité de l’ingestion et de la production.
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Hartinger, Thomas, and Qendrim Zebeli. "The Present Role and New Potentials of Anaerobic Fungi in Ruminant Nutrition." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7030200.
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The ruminal microbiota allows ruminants to utilize fibrous feeds and is in the limelight of ruminant nutrition research for many years. However, the overwhelming majority of investigations have focused on bacteria, whereas anaerobic fungi (AF) have been widely neglected by ruminant nutritionists. Anaerobic fungi are not only crucial fiber degraders but also important nutrient sources for the host. This review summarizes the current findings on AF and, most importantly, discusses their new application potentials in modern ruminant nutrition. Available data suggest AF can be applied as direct-fed microbials to enhance ruminal fiber degradation, which is indeed of interest for high-yielding dairy cows that often show depressed ruminal fibrolysis in response to high-grain feeding. Moreover, these microorganisms have relevance for the nutrient supply and reduction of methane emissions. However, to reach AF-related improvements in ruminal fiber breakdown and animal performance, obstacles in large-scale AF cultivation and applicable administration options need to be overcome. At feedstuff level, silage production may benefit from the application of fungal enzymes that cleave lignocellulosic structures and consequently enable higher energy exploitation from forages in the rumen. Concluding, AF hold several potentials in improving ruminant feeding and future research efforts are called for to harness these potentials.
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Mesgaran, M. Danesh. "Degradability characteristics and Intestinal protein apparent digestibility of Iranian soybean and cottonseed meals as assessed by the mobile nylon bag technique." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200008036.
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Ruminal degradability of feed protein is an important factor when assessing feed protein value according to the modern ruminant feed evaluation systems. In addition, the worth of any food protein to ruminant animals depends on the how the protein is digested in the small intestine. The work described in this summary assessed the in situ degradability and intestinal apparent digestibility of dry matter and protein, using ruminal and intestinal mobile nylon bags technique, of Iranian soybean (S) and cottonseed (C) meals.
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Oliveira, Ronaldo Lopes, José Carlos Pereira, Paulo Roberto de Carvalho e. Silva, and Ricardo Frederico Euclydes. "Características ruminais e eficiência de síntese microbiana em novilhos alimentados com cama de frango e suplemento à base de microbiota ruminal liofilizada." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 28, no. 5 (1999): 1118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35981999000500030.
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O experimento foi realizado para avaliar o efeito de dois níveis de cama de frango (15,0 e 30,0%), associada ou não a um suplemento à base de microbiota ruminal liofilizada de bovinos adultos (0 e 10 g/anim.dia), na alimentação de novilhos Holandês/Zebu. Quatro novilhos fistulados no rúmen e abomaso foram distribuídos em quadrado latino 4 x 4 em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 (nível de cama de frango x com ou sem micobiota ruminal), alimentados à vontade e individualmente. Composição microbiana, eficiência de síntese microbiana, pH e concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal no rúmen foram avaliados. O nível de 30,0% de cama de frango nas dietas de novilhos não influenciou a composição dos microrganismos ruminais, a eficiência de síntese microbiana e o pH ruminal. Maiores concentrações médias de N-NH3 ruminal foram observadas em animais submetidos a dietas com 30% de cama de frango. A ingestão diária de 10 g do suplemento à base de microbiota ruminal por animal não influiu na composição dos microrganismos ruminais, na eficiência de síntese, no pH ruminal e na concentração de amônia no rúmen.
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Wang, Y., T. A. McAllister, P. R. Cheeke, and K. J. Cheng. "Assessment of inhibitory effects of ruminal fluid on biological activity of steroidal saponins using hemolytic assay." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 79, no. 4 (December 1, 1999): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a98-051.
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In vitro studies demonstrated that cell-free ruminal fluid inhibits the saponin-based hemolytic activity of yucca extract, and that the inhibitory factor isolatable with the protein fraction of ruminal fluid is not heat labile. Hemolysis assay is not reliable for assessing saponin activity in ruminant nutrition applications. Key words: Yucca extract, ruminal fluid, hemolysis, saponins
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Ogińska-Bulik, Nina. "Ruminacje a potraumatyczny wzrost u ratowników medycznych." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica, no. 21 (May 18, 2017): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1427-969x.21.01.
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Przedstawiciele służb ratowniczych narażeni są na doświadczanie zdarzeń o charakterze traumatycznym w związku z wykonywaną pracą. Celem badań było ustalenie roli ruminacji w występowaniu pozytywnych zmian potraumatycznych. Badaniami objęto 120 ratowników medycznych, spośród których 85 (55 mężczyzn i 30 kobiet) potwierdziło wystąpienie w ostatnich 5 latach przynajmniej jednego zdarzenia traumatycznego w związku z wykonywaną pracą. Wiek badanych mieścił się w granicach 25–61 lat (M = 38,07, SD = 9,61). W badaniach wykorzystano polskie wersje standaryzowanych narzędzi, tj. Inwentarz Potraumatycznego Rozwoju oraz Inwentarz Ruminacji o Negatywnym Zdarzeniu. Badani ratownicy medyczni ujawnili niski poziom potraumatycznego wzrostu oraz niskie nasilenie ruminacji, tak natrętnych, jak i refleksyjnych. Spośród dwóch analizowanych rodzajów ruminacji jedynie refleksyjne okazały się predyktorami potraumatycznego wzrostu i wszystkich jego czynników. Ruminacje refleksyjne pełnią istotną – choć słabą – rolę w występowaniu pozytywnych następstw doświadczonej traumy.
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Díaz, Tatiana García, Antonio Ferriani Branco, Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo, Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos, Silvana Teixeira Carvalho, Ana Lúcia Teodoro, and Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira. "In vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility in ruminant diets with different levels of cashew nut shell liquid." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, no. 4 (August 2, 2018): 1669. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n4p1669.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) in ruminant diets on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), gas production kinetics, ruminal fermentation parameters, ammoniacal nitrogen concentration (NH3-N), and pH of the artificial rumen contents. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 5 x 4 + 1 design, with five concentrate levels (200, 400, 600, 800, and 1,000 g kg-1 DM) and four CNSL levels (0, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 g kg-1 DM), as well as a control diet comprising only whole-plant corn silage, totaling 21 treatments. The inclusion of concentrate linearly increased IVDMD, while CNSL levels showed a quadratic effect, with the maximum estimated at 0.5 g kg-1 of CNSL. The total gas production, the disappearance of the substrate, the fraction of slow degradation (fraction VF2), and the respective degradation rate (fraction µ2) linearly increased with increasing levels of concentrate in the diet. Increasing concentrate levels resulted in a linear increase in the concentration of NH3-N and a reduction in the pH of the rumen liquid. Increasing CNSL levels decreased the concentration of NH3-N and increased the ruminal pH. The inclusion of 0.5 g CNSL kg-1 in the ruminant diets improved IVDMD, without altering the kinetic parameters of ruminal fermentation. The addition of CNSL to ruminant diets reduces ammoniacal nitrogen production and can avoid drastic reductions in ruminal pH, favoring better fermentation in the rumen.
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Danesh Mesgaran, M. "Apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial N entering duodenum in Iranian Baloochi Lambs fed diets formulated to contain similar amounts of ERDP with different protein sources." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200008012.
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Published results in the literature indicate that the inclusion of increased level of degradable protein in the ruminant diet resulted in a stimulation of ruminal pH, ruminal N-NH3 and microbial N entering duodenum (Mesgeran & Parker, 1998). The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of altering the dietary sources of protein with similar amounts of ERDP on the apparent digestibility, ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbial protein entering duodenum in Iranian Baloochi lambs.
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Neill, L., M. de S. Dayrell, J. K. G. Kramer, and M. Ivan. "Procedure for analysis of phosphatidylcholine as a protozoal marker in ruminants." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 72, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 717–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas92-084.
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A procedure was developed to analyze phosphatidylcholine in ruminal protozoa and duodenal digesta, for the estimation of the flow of protozoal constituents from the stomach to the small intestine of ruminant animals. The procedure requires 15–20 mg of dry ruminal protozoa and 50–60 mg of dry duodenal digesta. Key words: Phosphatidylcholine, protozoa, duodenal flow, ruminants
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Mendes, R. E., C. I. Schwertz, L. G. D'Agostini, C. Pilati, and J. F. Edwards. "Timpanismo ruminal crônico secundário à hipoplasia de pregas de omaso em dois bovinos." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 66, no. 6 (December 2014): 1638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-7044.
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Um novilho normando e outro charolês apresentando distensão abdominal, diarreia intermitente e timpanismo ruminal crônico, que iniciaram após desmame, foram enviados para necropsia. Observou-se ausência de pregas omasais associada à hipoplasia do órgão, assim como redução de tamanho das papilas ruminais e reticulares. Com base nas lesões e histórico, conclui-se que o timpanismo ruminal foi ocasionado pela falha no desenvolvimento do omaso.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ruminace"
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Cassiano, Eduardo Cuelar Orlandi. "Avaliação de anticorpos policlonais em bovinos adaptados ou não à dietas com alta proporção de carboidratos prontamente fermentescíveis após indução à acidose." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-17042014-100147/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de um preparado de anticorpos policlonais (PAP) contra bactérias ruminais específicas, Streptococcus bovis e Fusobacterium necrophorum, em parâmetros ruminais da fermentação, em vacas canuladas, adaptadas ou não a uma dieta de alta proporção de carboidratos prontamente fermentescíveis, após indução à acidose. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o quadrado latino 3X3 replicado em arranjo fatorial de tratamentos 3X2, sendo 2 aditivos alimentares (PAP na apresentação em pó - PAPP e PAP na apresentação líquida - PAPL) mais um grupo controle (CON) e dois manejos de adaptação à dieta, resultando em seis tratamentos. O primeiro quadrado latino foi submetido a um protocolo de adaptação à dieta do tipo gradual ou step-up: dos dias D0 a D4 os animais receberam 100% de forragem; do D5 ao D9, 30% de concentrados e do D10 ao D14, 60% de concentrados. O segundo quadrado latino recebeu 100% de forragem do D0 ao D14 (sem adaptação). Nos D15 e D16, todos os animais receberam dieta com 80% de concentrados. Para as análises foram coletadas amostras de líquido ruminal a cada 3 horas a partir da 0h antes da alimentação até as 36h (D15 e D16) durante o desafio com uma dieta de 80% de concentrados. Os dados foram analisados pelo procedimento Mixed do SAS com nível de significância de 0,05. Foi observada interação entre tempo e adaptação (P<0,05) para pH ruminal com diferença entre método de adaptação nas 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 e 36 horas pós alimentação, quando o grupo não adaptado teve valores maiores que o grupo adaptado, sendo que na hora 24 ocorreu o contrário. Para a concentração de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC), nas horas 0, 3, 6, 9 e 36 pós alimentação o grupo adaptado obteve maiores valores comparado ao grupo não adaptado. Para proporção molar de acetato, a 0 hora o grupo sem adaptação obteve valores maiores comparado ao grupo adaptado. Já nas horas 24, 27 e 30 o grupo com adaptação que obteve maiores valores. Para a proporção molar de propionato o grupo sem adaptação teve valores mais altos em comparação ao outro grupo das 3 às 36 horas pós alimentação. Quanto à proporção acetato:propionato (Ac:Pr) às 6, 12, 24, 27, 30 e 36 horas pós alimentação, o grupo de animais adaptados teve valores mais altos que o grupo não adaptado. Na proporção molar de butirato, o grupo de animais adaptados obteve maiores valores nas horas 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 33 e 36. Para os valores de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3), às 6 horas pós alimentação, o grupo não adaptado obteve maiores valores que o grupo adaptado (26,1 vs. 19,3, respectivamente). Nas horas 9, 30, 33 e 36 ocorreu o contrário. Observou-se também interação entre tempo e aditivo (P=0,0430) para a proporção molar de butirato. Porém, quando a análise foi realizada por tempo, nenhum efeito foi observado. Para os valores relativos de protozoários mensurados (Dasytricha, Isotricha, Epidinium, Diplodinium e Entodinium) apenas o Entodinium apresentou efeito de adaptação (P<0,0236) tendo sua proporção maior no grupo adaptado. Os valores de haptoglobina também não foram influenciados nem por aditivo nem por adaptação. O preparado de anticorpos policlonais não foi tão eficaz quanto a adaptação gradual à dieta de alto concentrado para controlar alterações dos parâmetros ruminais.The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of polyclonal antibodies preparation (PAP) against specific rumen bacteria Streptococcus bovis and Fusobacterium necrophorum on rumen fermentation parameters in ruminally cannulated cows adapted or not to highly fermentable carbohydrates diets (HFC) after an acidosis challenge. The experimental design was two 3X3 Latin squares in a factorial arrangement of treatments 3X2 regarding two feed additives (PAP in powder presentation - PAPP and PAP in liquid presentation - PAPL) plus control group (CON) and two managements of diets adaptation, resulting in six treatments. The first Latin square had a step-up diet adaptation: from D0 to D4 100% forage; D5 to D9 30% of concentrates and D10 to D14 60% of concentrates. The second Latin square received 100% forage from D0 to D14. On D15 and D16, all animals received a diet with 80% of concentrates. For analysis, rumen fluid was sampled at 0 and every 3 h posfeeding totaling 36 h (D15 and D16) of challenge with a diet with 80% of concentrates. Data were analyzed by MIXED procedure with a significance level of 0.05. An interaction between time and adaptation (P<0,05) was observed for ruminal pH. At 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 36 h postfeeding, the non-adapted group had higher values compared to the adapted group and at 24 h postfeeding, the inverse was observed. For total short-chain fatty acids concentration, at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 36 h postfeeding, the adapted group had higher values compared to non-adapted group. For molar proportion of acetate at 0h postfeeding, the non-adapted group had higher values than the adapted group, and at 24, 27 and 30h, the adapted group had greater values than the non-adapted group. For molar proportion of propionate the non-adapted group had greater values compared to the adapted group from 3 to 36h postfeeding. For acetate:propionate (Ac:Pr) ratio at 6, 12, 24, 27, 30 and 36 h postfeeding, the adapted group had greater values compared to the nonadapted group. For butyrate molar proportion at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 33 and 36h postfeeding the adapted group had greater values than the non-adapted group. For ammonia nitrogen (NH3- N) concentration at 6h, the non-adapted group had greater values than the adapted group (26.1 vs. 19.3, respectively), however at 9, 30, 33 and 36h postfeeding, the adapted group had higher values compared to the non-adapted group. It was also observed an interaction between time and additive (P=0.0430) for butyrate molar proportion, but when the analysis was performed by time no effect was observed. For the relative values of protozoa measured (Dasytricha, Isotricha, Epidinium, Diplodinium and Entodinium) only Entodinium presented adaptation effect (P<0.0236) with a higher proportion in the adapted group. Haptoglobin values was also not influenced (P>0.05) by additive or adaptation effect. Polyclonal antibodies preparation was not as effective as the gradual adaptation to the diet high concentrate to control changes of ruminal parameters.
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Coalho, Marcia Regina [UNESP]. "Fermentação e degradabilidade ruminal de dietas com níveis de gordura protegida, e de polpa cítrica com bovinos da raça nelore." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104110.
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O experimento foi realizado no Departamento de Zootecnia da Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos da Universidade de São Paulo no Campus da USP, em Pirassununga-SP. Foram utilizados 4 bovinos da raça Nelore, castrados, com peso corporal médio de 550 kg e providos de cânulas ruminais, alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos: 0, 1, 2, e 4%, em um delineamento em quadrado latino (4x4). Amostras de líquido ruminal foram colhidas e submetidas a mensurações de pH, variação da amônia ruminal e coletas de sangue para a determinação da uréia plasmática. O pH não foi influenciado pelos níveis de sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos (P>0,05), bem como, para o efeito tempo (P>0,05); indicando ser pouco provável ter ocorrido dissociação de sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos em relação aos níveis de inclusão. Os efeitos de tratamento e de tempo não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas (P>0,05) na concentração de amônia no rúmen, demonstrando que os sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos não interferiu na fermentação ruminal. Observou-se que os valores de uréia plasmática (NUS) não foram significativos nos efeitos de tratamento e tempo (P>0,05) pelos níveis de sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos.
The experiment was carried out at the Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos of the Universidade de São Paulo. Four crossbred Nerolle steers with 550 kg of live weight and fitted with rumen cannulas were fed diets with 0, 1, 2 or 4% of calcium salts of fatty acids, in 4 x 4 a latin square design. Rumen liquid sampled was for pH, rumen ammonia concentration and plasma urea measurements. The pH of the rumen liquid was not influenced by the levels of calcium salts of fatty acids (P>0,05), as well as, there was no influence of sampling time on pH, indicating that probably there was no dissociation of the calcium salts of fatty acids. The sampling time and treatment also had no effect (P>0,05) on the ammonia concentration in the rumen, demonstrating that the calcium salts of fatty acids had no effect in the ruminal fermentation. It was not observed significant effects of calcium salts of fatty acids level or time on plasmatic urea values (NUS) (P>0,05).
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Delevatti, Lutti Maneck [UNESP]. "Parâmetros nutricionais e metabólicos de novilhos nelore recriados em pastos de diferentes alturas e doses de suplemento." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138227.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo, a digestibilidade da dieta, parâmetros ruminais e síntese de proteína microbiana de novilhos suplementados na fase de recria em pastagens durante o período das águas. Foram utilizados 12 piquetes de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, pastejados a 15, 25 e 35 cm por bovinos de corte canulados em fase de recria, em lotação contínua, com taxa de lotação variável. Foram utilizadas as estratégias de suplementação: suplementos múltiplos na quantidade de 0,3% e 0,6% do peso corporal (PC) para os animais dos pastos de 15 cm; 0,1% e 0,3% do PC nos pastos de 25 cm; e mistura mineral e 0,1% do PC nos pastos de 35 cm. Foram mensurados o consumo e digestibilidade da dieta, síntese de proteína microbiana, dinâmica da degradação da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e parâmetros ruminais dos animais recriados em cada sistema correspondente às alturas de pastejo associado a suplementação. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi quadrado latino duplo incompleto, com doze animais cânulados no rúmem, seis tratamentos, e quatro períodos experimentais na estação chuvosa. Foram aplicados testes para pressuposições estatísticas sobre os dados obtidos, análise de variância, e teste Fisher’s Protected Least-Significant Difference (LSD) para comparação de médias e avaliação do efeito dos tratamentos (P<0,10). Não foram observadas diferenças no consumo de forragem e matéria seca total pelos animas (P≥0,14), porém observou-se maior consumo de proteína bruta (PB) e nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) (P≤0,03), nos animais dos tratamentos com suplementação a 0,3 e 0,6% do peso corporal. Não foram verificadas diferenças nas digestibilidade de PB, matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro (P≥0,21). As taxas de degradabilidade da FDN não variaram entre os tratamentos (P≥0,19). Os resultados de concentração molar de ácido acético e butírico apresentaram variação no tempo (P≤0,06), apresentando seus menores valores logo após a suplementação, já os valores de pH, N-amoniacal e ácido propiônico apresentaram interação entre tratamento e tempo (P≤0,04). A suplementação não alterou os parâmetros ruminais, porém foi capaz de aumenta a ingestão total de nutrientes em tratamentos com maiores níveis de suplementos.
The dry matter intake, diet digestibility, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis of supplemented bulls during the growing phase at pastures during the wet season were evaluated. Twelve paddocks of Brachiaria brizantha Marandu (palisade grass) were used, grass grazing heights were 15; 25 and 35 cm by cannulated yearling steers in growing phase, in continuous stocking with variable stocking rate. The supplementation strategies used were: multiple supplements in the amount of 0.3% to 0.6% of body weight (BW) to the animal grazing pasture of 15 cm; 0.1% and 0.3% PC in pastures of 25 cm; and mineral mixture and 0.1% of the PC in the pastures of 35 cm. Were estimated the dry matter intake and digestibility of forage and supplement, microbial protein synthesis, dynamics of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradation, dietary nitrogen balance and ruminal parameters by yearling steers growing while grazing pasture with different heights and supplement level. The experimental design used was incomplete double Latin square with twelve cannulated animals, six treatments and four experimental periods during the wet season. Statistical tests were applied for assumptions on the obtained data, analysis of variance, and Tukey test for mean comparison and evaluation of the treatment effect (P <0.10). There were no differences on the forage and total dry matter intake per animal (P≥0.14), however it was exhibited higher crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) (P≤0.03) intake for the animals of the different treatments with supplementation 0.3 and 0.6% of BW. There was no differences in the CP, DM and NDF digestibility (P≥0.21). The NDF degradability rates did not differ among the treatments (P≥0.19). Results of the molar concentration of acetic acid and butyric acid exhibited variation during time (P≤0.06) showing their lowest values after supplementation, as pH values, ammonia-N and propionic acid exhibited interaction among treatment and sampling time (p ≤ 0.04). Supplementation shows no ability to change the ruminal parameters as expected, however was able to increase the total intake of nutrients in the diets with higher levels of supplements.
FAPESP: 2014/21138-3
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Queiroz, Maria Fernanda Soares [UNESP]. "Teores crescentes de proteína bruta em dietas à base de cana-de-açúcar para novilhas Holandês x Gir." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104969.
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queiroz_mfs_dr_jabo.pdf: 795307 bytes, checksum: 84b12949a5b617eac60e143fc58032d1 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Observou-se o efeito de teores crescentes de proteína bruta na dieta (13, 15, 19 e 22%) sobre o consumo, metabolismo, parâmetros ruminais, conversão alimentar e desenvolvimento corporal de novilhas mestiças alimentadas com 70% de cana forrageira e 30% de concentrado na dieta. Foram realizados 2 experimentos. No primeiro experimento foi avaliado metabolismo. Foram utilizadas 4 novilhas mestiças Holandês x Gir, com média de peso inicial de 200 kg e média de idade de 14 meses. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em quadrado latino 4 x 4. No experimento de desempenho foram utilizadas 24 novilhas mestiças Holandês x Gir, com média de peso inicial de 250 kg e média de idade de 19 meses. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, constituído por 3 blocos e 4 tratamentos. O consumo nutrientes não foi influenciado pelos teores protéicos da dieta, com exceção ao consumo de PB, EE e CNF. A melhor digestibilidade da MS e MO foi obtida com os teores de 13 e 15% de PB na dieta. Na dieta com 22% de PB foi observado maior digestibilidade total (74,9%) para proteína, enquanto a digestibilidade ruminal da proteína não foi influenciada pela dieta. O pH ruminal das novilhas não diferiu entre as dietas, com média de 6,3. A concentração de N-NH3 ruminal foi influenciada pelo teor protéico da dieta, com as maiores médias nos teores de 22 e 19% de PB na dieta (27,5 e 31,6 mg/dL), média de 21,1 mg/dL na dieta com 15% de PB e a menor média na dieta com 13% de PB, 14,0 mg/dL. O ganho diário de peso corporal foi em média 1,1; 0,8; 0,8 e 0,5 kg/dia e a conversão alimentar de 6,2; 8,6; 10,6 e 13,9 kg de MS/kg de ganho, respectivamente, para os teores de 13, 15, 19 e 22% de PB na dieta, ambos influenciados pelas dietas experimentais. As concentrações de uréia e glicose plasmática foram crescentes conforme se elevou o teor de PB na dieta...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of crude protein (13, 15, 19 and 22%) on intake, metabolism, ruminal parameters, body weight gain and feed efficiency of crossbred heifers fed 70% sugarcane and 30% concentrate diet ratio. Two trials were conducted. In the trial one, for evaluate metabolism, were used 4 crossbred Holstein x Gir, with initial live weight of 200 kg and average age of 14 months. The experimental design was a latin square 4 x 4. In the performance trial were used 24 crossbred Holstein x Gir, with initial live weight of 250 kg and average age of 19 months. The experimental design was a randomized block consisting of 3 blocks and 4 treatments. The nutrients intakes were not affected by protein content of the diet. The best DM and OM digestibility was observed for 13 and 15% crude protein level of the diet. In the diet with 22% CP was observed a higher total tract digestibility (74.9%) for protein while the ruminal protein digestibility was not influenced by diet. The ruminal pH of heifers did not differ among treatments, averaging 6.3. The concentration of ammonia N was affected by protein diet with the highest average levels in 22 and 19% dietary CP (31.6 and 27.5 mg/dl), mean of 21.1 mg/dl in the diet with 15% CP and the lowest mean was observed in diet containing 13% CP, 14.0 mg/dl. The average of body weight daily gain was 1.1, 0.8, 0.8 and 0.5 kg/day and feed conversion of 6.2, 8.6, 10.6 and 13.9 kg DM/kg gain, respectively, for levels of 13, 15, 19 and 22% CP in the diet, both influenced by the protein content of the diet. Concentrations of urea and plasma glucose were linearly correlated with increasing CP content of the diet. It is recommended the level of 13% CP in the diet to Holstein x Gir crossbred dairy heifers in the growing phase
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Mazon, Madeline Rezende. "Efeito da castração e do tempo de confinamento no desempenho, características de carcaça e qualidade de carne de cordeiros cruzados Dorper x Santa Inês." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-25032013-144243/.
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A intensificação do sistema de produção da carne ovina é influenciada por algumas técnicas de manejo como a castração e o sistema de confinamento, tendo como objetivo produto de melhor qualidade sensorial e nutricional desejada pelo consumidor e maior rentabilidade para o produtor. Portanto, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar desempenho, características de carcaça e da carne, qualidade sensorial e perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de cordeiros não castrados e castrados abatidos em diferentes períodos de confinamento. Foram utilizados 48 machos Dorper x Santa Inês com 32,3 ± 5,04 kg de peso corporal e 104 dias de idade no início do experimento. Os animais foram alojados dois por baia de acordo com o peso inicial (bloco) e após 14 dias de adaptação ao local foram alimentados com uma dieta com 75% grão de milho inteiro, 20% de pelete protéico mineral e 5% de feno de capim coast cross. Os animais foram desmamados aos 90 dias de idade e após a adaptação vinte e quatro animais foram castrados com o burdizzo aos 113 dias de idade. A alimentação e as sobras foram pesadas diariamente para determinações de matéria seca e eficiência alimentar. Os animais foram pesados no início do experimento e a cada 14 dias. Foram perdidas duas parcelas experimentais. Os animais foram abatidos após 36 ou 78 dias de confinamento (metade de cada sexo) para determinação das características da carcaça e da carne e foram colhidas amostras do m. Longissimus dorsi para análise do perfil de ácidos graxos e análise sensorial com painel treinado. Em vista dos resultados obtidos para cordeiros jovens desse tipo de cruzamento e alimentados com esta dieta, os animais não castrados tiveram melhor desempenho, características de carcaça e de carne que os castrados, já na qualidade sensorial poucos resultados foram significativos enquanto que no perfil de ácidos graxos houve efeitos e interações entre a condição sexual e o tempo de confinamento, indicando que animais castrados abatidos aos 36 dias tiveram um carne mais magra, com maior porcentagem de n-3 e relação AGP:AGS.The intensification of the production system of sheep meat is influenced by some management techniques such as castration and confinement system, aiming to produce better sensory and nutritional quality desired by consumers and more profitable for the producer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate performance, carcass characteristics and meat sensory quality and fatty acid profile of lamb meat from non-castrated and castrated slaughtered at different periods of confinement. We used 48 male Dorper x St. Agnes with 32.3 ± 5.04 kg body weight and 104 days old at the start of the experiment. The animals were housed two per cage according to the initial weight (block) and after 14 days of adaptation to site were fed a diet containing 75% whole grain corn, 20% protein pellet mineral and 5% grass hay Coast cross. The animals were weaned at 90 days of age and after adjustment twenty-four animals were castrated with burdizzo to 113 days of age. The food and leftovers were weighed daily for determinations of dry matter and feed efficiency. The animals were weighed at baseline and every 14 days. We lost two experimental plots. The animals were killed after 36 or 78 days of confinement (half of each sex) to determine the characteristics of the carcass and meat and samples were taken from m. Longissimus for analysis of fatty acid profile and sensory evaluation with trained panel. In view of the results obtained for young lambs this type of intersection and fed this diet, the animals were not castrated best performance, carcass characteristics and meat castrated, have sensory quality were few significant results while in acid profile acids were effects and interactions between the sexual condition and the time of confinement, indicating that castrated animals slaughtered at 36 days had a more lean meat, with higher n-3 and relationship AGP: AGS.
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Coalho, Marcia Regina. "Fermentação e degradabilidade ruminal de dietas com níveis de gordura protegida, e de polpa cítrica com bovinos da raça nelore /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104110.
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Resumo: O experimento foi realizado no Departamento de Zootecnia da Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos da Universidade de São Paulo no Campus da USP, em Pirassununga-SP. Foram utilizados 4 bovinos da raça Nelore, castrados, com peso corporal médio de 550 kg e providos de cânulas ruminais, alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos: 0, 1, 2, e 4%, em um delineamento em quadrado latino (4x4). Amostras de líquido ruminal foram colhidas e submetidas a mensurações de pH, variação da amônia ruminal e coletas de sangue para a determinação da uréia plasmática. O pH não foi influenciado pelos níveis de sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos (P>0,05), bem como, para o efeito tempo (P>0,05); indicando ser pouco provável ter ocorrido dissociação de sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos em relação aos níveis de inclusão. Os efeitos de tratamento e de tempo não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas (P>0,05) na concentração de amônia no rúmen, demonstrando que os sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos não interferiu na fermentação ruminal. Observou-se que os valores de uréia plasmática (NUS) não foram significativos nos efeitos de tratamento e tempo (P>0,05) pelos níveis de sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos.Abstract: The experiment was carried out at the "Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos" of the Universidade de São Paulo. Four crossbred Nerolle steers with 550 kg of live weight and fitted with rumen cannulas were fed diets with 0, 1, 2 or 4% of calcium salts of fatty acids, in 4 x 4 a latin square design. Rumen liquid sampled was for pH, rumen ammonia concentration and plasma urea measurements. The pH of the rumen liquid was not influenced by the levels of calcium salts of fatty acids (P>0,05), as well as, there was no influence of sampling time on pH, indicating that probably there was no dissociation of the calcium salts of fatty acids. The sampling time and treatment also had no effect (P>0,05) on the ammonia concentration in the rumen, demonstrating that the calcium salts of fatty acids had no effect in the ruminal fermentation. It was not observed significant effects of calcium salts of fatty acids level or time on plasmatic urea values (NUS) (P>0,05).
Orientador: Alexandrs Spers
Coorientador: José Carlos Machado Nogueira Filho
Doutor
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Lettat, Abderzak. "Efficacité et mode d'action des bactéries propioniques et / ou lactiques pour prévenir l'acidose latente chez le ruminant." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00746197.
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L'acidose ruminale latente (ou acidose sub-clinique) est une préoccupation majeure pour la nutrition des ruminants à haut potentiel de production. Cet état se caractérise par une instabilité du microbiote et des fermentations ruminales qui s'orientent variablement vers le propionate et/ou le butyrate. L'une des stratégies de prévention de l'acidose latente consiste à distribuer dans l'alimentation des ruminants des probiotiques capables de rééquilibrer le microbiote et les fermentations ruminales (dans un sens favorable pour l'animal). L'analyse de la bibliographie montre toutefois que l'effet des probiotiques, et plus particulièrement des bactéries probiotiques (BP), est variable et parfois contradictoire ce qui serait probablement lié à l'instabilité du microbiote. Afin d'étudier la possibilité de prévenir l'acidose latente par les bactéries propioniques et/ou lactiques, nous avons émis l'hypothèse que leur efficacité dépend des orientations fermentaires dans le rumen. Des acidoses latentes butyrique et propionique caractérisées par des profils fermentaires et microbiens distincts ont été développées chez le mouton non productif et la vache laitière pour étudier l'effet et le mode d'action de la bactérie propionique P63 seule ou associée aux lactobacilles Lb. plantarum ou Lb. rhamnosus (P63, Lp + P63 et Lr + P63) sur le fonctionnement de l'écosystème ruminal et les performances animales. Chez le mouton en situation d'acidose propionique, les BP utilisées ont amélioré le pH ruminal via une réduction de la proportion en lactobacilles. Chez la vache laitière, la stabilisation du pH a été associée à une moindre disponibilité en hydrogène susceptible d'être transformé en protons, suite à une augmentation de la propionogenèse et/ou de la densité bactérienne, deux voies consommatrices d'hydrogène. Au cours de l'acidose latente butyrique, l'amélioration du pH n'a été observée que chez les moutons supplémentés avec Lp + P63. Cet effet semblait être dû à une diminution des acides gras volatils et de la proportion en S. bovis mais aussi à un pH initial faible (pH < 5,5) probablement optimal pour l'action des BP ; ce qui n'était pas le cas chez les vaches pour lesquelles le pH initial était compris entre 5,9 et 6,1. En revanche, l'efficacité digestive a été augmentée par l'association de P63 aux lactobacilles chez la vache laitière. L'association Lp + P63 a augmenté les activités fibrolytiques (cellulase, xylanase) et la digestibilité de la matière organique, tandis que Lr + P63 a amélioré la digestion des fibres et a diminué la production de méthane de 25%. Nous n'avons pas observé d'effet sur les performances zootechniques, ce qui serait probablement dû au dispositif expérimental en carré Latin qui n'est peut-être pas optimal pour mettre en évidence l'effet des BP. Nos résultats sont les premiers à démontrer l'efficacité des bactéries probiotiques pour sécuriser et/ou améliorer la digestion des rations et réduire la production de méthane chez le ruminant en acidose, et l'association de P63 avec les souches de Lactobacillus sont les plus efficaces. Enfin, nous avons validé notre hypothèse selon laquelle l'effet et le mode d'action des bactéries probiotiques pour prévenir l'acidose dépendent des orientations fermentaires dans le rumen.
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Vasquez, Diana Carolina Zapata. "Inclusão de monensina ou tanino na dieta de bovinos sobre a emissão de metano determinada pela técnica do gás traçador SF6." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-26012016-112150/.
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A emissão de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) é uma das principais causas do aquecimento global, sendo uma problemática mundial das últimas décadas. O dióxido de carbono (CO2), o metano (CH4) e oxido nitroso (N2O) são os principais GEE e os ruminantes são uns dos maiores contribuintes com a produção desses gases no mundo, devido ao processo digestivo de fermentação entérica. Na busca de estratégias para diminuir as emissões de metano e melhorar a produtividade animal, aditivos alimentares têm sido utilizados nas dietas dos animais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a inclusão de aditivos alimentares sobre a produção de metano determinada pela técnica do gás traçador SF6, assim como, o consumo de matéria seca, a dinâmica ruminal e a contagem total e diferencial de protozoários do rúmen. Seis vacas não-gestantes e não-lactantes, com peso vivo médio de 784 ± 87 kg e canuladas no rúmen, foram distribuídas a uma das três dietas experimentais, seguindo-se delineamento experimental em quadrado latino 3x3 replicado (n= 18 unidades experimentais), sendo os tratamentos: 1) Controle (CON): Dieta basal sem inclusão de aditivo; 2) Monensina (MON): Dieta com adição de 300 mg de monensina sódica por animal por dia; 3) Tanino (TAN): Dieta com adição de 68 g de extrato de tanino condensado de Acácia-negra (Acacia mearnsii) por animal por dia. Os alimentos foram fornecidos duas vezes ao dia, na forma de ração completa. Cada período experimental foi constituído por 21 dias, sendo 10 dias de adaptação às respectivas dietas. A partir do dia 16 até o dia 21 foram coletados os dados de consumo de matéria seca e de produção de metano, sendo este último determinado a cada 24 horas, pela técnica do gás traçador de SF6. No dia 21, coletou-se conteúdo ruminal para determinação de protozoários. Quanto à dinâmica ruminal, foi realizado o esvaziamento ruminal nos dias 10 (3 horas após alimentação matinal) e 11 (imediatamente antes da alimentação matinal) de cada período experimental. Os resultados foram analisados através do procedimento MIXED onde o modelo incluiu o efeito de tratamento como fator fixo e os efeitos de animal dentro de quadrado, quadrado e período como fatores aleatórios. Não houve diferenças significativas (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos para as variáveis do consumo de matéria seca, como também, para os parâmetros de dinâmica ruminal (P>0,05) (matéria seca do conteúdo ruminal, massa líquida, massa sólida, massa total, assim como taxa de desaparecimento). A emissão de metano (expressa em g/d, g/kg PV, g/kg PV0,75 ou Mcal/Ani/d) com o tratamento com monensina foi menor em relação ao tratamento controle. Para a contagem total e diferencial de protozoários foi verificado efeito de aditivo para a subfamília Diplodiniinae, sendo que, o tratamento com monensina diminuiu em 27,5% a contagem desta subfamília em relação ao tratamento com tanino. Referente ao gênero Isotricha, foi observado que os tratamentos com monensina ou com tanino diminuíram em 31 e 30% respectivamente, este gênero em relação ao tratamento controle. A adição de monensina (17 mg/kg de MSI) revela-se uma alternativa para reduzir as perdas energéticas geradas na produção de metano, assim como também na redução de protozoários, que albergam microrganismos metanogênicos. Em relação ao tanino (0,4% na dieta) acredita-se que com doses mais elevadas na dieta possa resultar numa redução da emissão de metanoThe emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) is a major cause of global warming, being a worldwide concern in recent decades. Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are the main greenhouse gases and ruminants are one of the major contributors to the production of these gases around the world, due to the enteric fermentation process. In the search for strategies to reduce methane emissions and to improve animal productivity, food additives have been used in animal diets lately. Thus, the aim of this trial was to assess the inclusion of food additives on methane emissions in cattle, using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique, as well as on dry matter intake, rumen dynamics and total and differential counts of ruminal protozoa. Six non-pregnant and non-lactating rumen-cannulated cows (784 ± 87 kg) were assigned to a replicated 3x3 Latin square (18 experimental units). Treatments were: 1) Control (CON) basal diet with no additive inclusion; 2) Monensin (MON) addition of 300 mg of sodium monensin per animal per day, 3) Tannin (TAN) addition of 68 g of concentrated extract of condensed tannin (Acacia mearnsii) per animal per day. The animals were fed total mixed ration twice daily. Each experimental period consisted of 21 days the first 10 days were used for diet adaptation. From day 16 up to 21, data about dry matter intake and methane production were collected, the latter done every 24 hours using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique. On the day 21, ruminal content was sampled for protozoa determination. Regarding the rumen dynamics, the rumen was emptied on days 10 (3 hours post-morning feeding) and 11 (right before morning feeding) of each experimental period. The results were analyzed by MIXED procedure; the model included the effect of treatment as fixed factor and the effects of period, square and animal within square as random factors. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) among treatments for dry mater intake variables, nor for ruminal dynamics parameters (ruminal content dry matter, liquid mass, solid mass, total mass or disappearance rate). Methane emission (expressed in g/day, g/kg LW, g/kg LW0.75 or Mcal/Ani/day) was lower for the group receiving monensin compared to the control group. For total and differential counts of protozoa, the additives affected the Diplodiniinae subfamily, i.e. monensin decreased the count of this subfamily by 27.5%, compared to tannin. Regarding the Isotricha genus, treatments with monensin or tannin decreased it by 31 and 30% respectively, compared to the control treatment. The addition of monensin (17 mg/kg DMI) revealed to be an alternative to reduce the energy lost by methane production, as well as to decrease the protozoa, which host methanogen microorganisms. Regarding tannin (0.4% in the diet), it is believed that higher doses in the diet can lead to a reduction in methane emission
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Paschoaloto, Josimari Regina [UNESP]. "Protocolos experimentais de confinamento para bovinos Nelore alimentados com dietas contendo glicerina bruta." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134364.
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A glicerina tem sido usada apenas como uma fonte de energia na alimentação de ruminantes, no entanto, devido à baixa capacidade de acidificação no rúmen a partir de produtos da sua fermentação, pode ser usada também para evitar problemas metabólicos ruminais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a glicerina bruta no período de adaptação e terminação de bovinos como ingrediente capaz de minimizar problemas metabólicos. Foi avaliado o consumo de MS, desempenho animal, comportamento ingestivo, morfologia das papilas ruminais e características de carcaça. Sessenta bovinos Nelore não castrados, foram distribuídos em delineamento de blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial 2×2, sendo uma dieta com presença e uma com ausência de 30% MS de glicerina bruta e dois períodos de confinamento (adaptação e terminação). As dietas foram formuladas para serem isoenergéticas (1.0 Mcal ELg/kg MS) e isoproteicas (12,5% PB/MS). Os dados foram avaliados utilizando o procedimento MIXED do software SAS. A inclusão de glicerina bruta aumentou a digestibilidade in vitro da MS das dietas e reduziu o consumo de MS dos animais durante o período de terminação do confinamento. A inclusão de glicerina bruta em ambos os períodos do confinamento aumentou o GMPD dos animais. As características de carcaça avaliadas 30 minutos e 24 h após o abate (pH, L*, a* e b*) não foram influenciados pela inclusão de glicerina bruta em nenhum dos períodos do confinamento. A inclusão de glicerina bruta no período de terminação do confinamento proporcionou aos animais menores tempos de ruminação em pé, maiores tempos de mastigação total (P=0,0162), menores eficiências de alimentação (P<0,0001) e menores números de bolos ingeridos por dia (P=0,0287). O índice mitótico foi maior para os animais que receberam glicerina bruta no período de terminação do confinamento. A inclusão de glicerina bruta não altera as características comportamentais, nem a morfologia das papilas ruminais, e mostrou-se ser um ingrediente alternativo à adaptação dos animais a dietas de alto concentrado. Em conclusão, a glicerina bruta pode ser utilizada em dietas alto concentrado como fonte energética e ingrediente auxiliar à adaptação dos animais, sem alterar as características comportamentais, de carcaça, desempenho, nem morfologia das papilas ruminais, além de reduzir o consumo de MS durante o período de terminação.
Glycerin has been used as a source of energy in ruminant diets, however, due to low capacity ruminal acidifying from products of their fermentation, it can be used to prevent ruminal metabolic problems. The objective of this study was to evaluate glycerin as an ingredient able to reduce ruminal metabolic problems. We evaluated dry matter intake, performance, feed behavior, papillae morphology and carcass characteristics. Sixty Nellore bulls were used in a randomized block design in factorial arrangement 2×2, diet with presence and absence of 30% DM crude glycerin and two periods of feedlot (adaptation and finishing time). Diets were formulated to be nutritionally isocaloric (1.0 Mcal NEg/ kg DM) and isonitrogenous (12.5% CP/ MS). The data were analyzed by MIXED procedure of SAS software. The inclusion of crude glycerin increased the DM digestibility in vitro of diets and reduced DM intake of bulls during finishing time. The inclusion of crude glycerin in adaptation and finishing time increased ADG. The carcass characteristics evaluated 30 minutes and 24 hours after slaughter (pH, L*, a* and b*) were not affected by inclusion of crude glycerin in any period of feedlot. The inclusion of crude glycerin in finishing time of feedlot provided smaller time spent ruminating standing, larger total chewing time, lower feed efficiency and smaller number of bolus per day. The mitotic index was higher for animals feeding with crude glycerin in the feedlot finishing time. The inclusion of crude glycerin did not affect the feed behavior or morphology of rumen papillae, and proved to be an alternative ingredient to adapt the animals to high concentrate diets. In conclusion, the crude glycerin can be used in high concentrate diets as an energy source and ingredient assist the adaptation of animals without changing the behavioral characteristics, carcass, performance, or morphology of ruminal papillae and reduce dry matter intake during the period termination.
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Pozzo, Marcelo Dal. "IMPACTO DA AFLATOXINA B1, MONTMORILONITA E β-GLUCANA NA FERMENTAÇÃO RUMINAL In vitro." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4358.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (1μg/mL) were evaluated and sorbents β-glucans derived from Saccharomyces cerevisae with 65% of active ingredient (β-glu) (1mg/mL) and montmirillonite (MMT) (5mg/mL) under ruminal fermentation. Two in vitro assays were conducted. On the first assay the objectives were to determine the production of short chain fatty acids, the production of ammonia during 24-h in vitro. While on the second assay the production of methane (CH4) and kinetic parameters based on gas production date were determined (GPmax= maxim gas production in t time; Lag= lag phase before gas production commenced; S=gas production rate (h-1)) during 72-h in vitro incubation. In each assay six repetitions were made for the following treatments: CONT: control (without AFB1 or sorbents); AF: AFB1 (1μg/mL); β-glu (1mg/mL); β-glu + AF: (1mg/mL of β-glu + 1μg/mL of AFB1); MMT: (5mg/mL); MMT + AF: (5mg/mL of MMT + 1μg/mL of AFB1). The amount of AGCC produced by the β-glu (67,7 mM) treatment was significantly higher about CONT (57,72 mM) and MMT (53,3 mM). treatments. On the other hand, MMT clay reduced the production of NH3 (9,6 mM) about CONT (11,4 mM), AF (12,6 mM) and β-glu (12,2 mM). The amount of GPmax by the β-glu treatment was 103,4 mL, significantly higher about produced CONT (89,0 mL) e MMT (91,6 mL). There was also higher gas production rate by the β-glu treatment. The montmorilonite raised the lag phase and reduced the CH4 production. The results of this study suggest that AFB1 (1μg/mL) has no toxic effect on ruminal fermentation. Whereas the β-glu impacts the ruminal fermentation by increase the AGCC produced. The montmorilonite can delay the bacterial colonization but does t effect the quantity of AGCC produced.
Foram avaliados os efeitos da aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) (1μg/mL) e os adsorventes β-glucanas devivadas de Saccharomyces cerevisae com 65% de princípio ativo (β-glu) (1mg/mL) e montmorilonita (MMT) (5mg/mL) sobre a fermentação ruminal. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios in vitro, no primeiro ensaio o propósito foi determinar a produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, a produção de amônia em 24h de incubação. Enquanto no segundo ensaio determinou-se a produção de metano (CH4) e os parâmetros da cinética da produção de gases (Vf = volume final de gás (ml) no tempo t; L = tempo de colonização; S = taxa de degradação (h-1)) no período de 72h de incubação. Em cada ensaio seis repetições foram realizadas para os seguintes tratamentos: CONT: controle (sem AFB1 ou adsorventes); AF: AFB1 (1μg/mL); β-glu (1mg/mL); β-glu + AF: (1mg/mL de β-glu + 1μg/mL de AFB1); MMT: (5mg/mL); MMT + AF: (5mg/mL de MMT + 1μg/mL de AFB1). A quantidade produzida de AGCC foi significativamente maior no tratamento β-glu (67,7 mM) em relação aos tratamentos CONT (57,72 mM) e MMT (53,3 mM). A MMT reduziu significativamente a produção de NH3 (9,6 mM) em relação aos tratamentos CONT (11,4 mM), AF (12,6 mM) e β-glu (12,2 mM). O tratamento β-glu produziu maior volume de gás (103, 4 mL) em relação aos tratamentos CONT (89,0 mL) e MMT (91,6 mL). Também o tratamento β-glu teve maior taxa de degradação em relação aos demais tratamentos. A montmorilonita aumentou o tempo de colonização e reduziu a produção de CH4. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a AFB1 (1μg/mL) não é tóxica a fermentação ruminal. Enquanto, o uso do β-glu impacta a fermentação ruminal, aumentando a produção de AGCC. O uso de montmorilonita pode retardar a colonização bacteriana no alimento porém, não interfere significativamente na quantidade total de AGCC produzidos.
Books on the topic "Ruminace"
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Sejrsen, K., T. Hvelplund, and M. O. Nielsen, eds. Ruminant physiology. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-566-6.
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Chilliard, Y., F. Glasser, Y. Faulconnier, F. Bocquier, I. Veissier, and M. Doreau, eds. Ruminant physiology. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-683-0.
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Frostic, Gwen. Ruminate: Thoughts and block-prints. Benzonia, Mich: Presscraft Papers, 1997.
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Hofmeyr, C. F. B. Ruminant urogenital surgery. Ames, Iowa: Iowa University Press, 1987.
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Liess, B., V. Moennig, J. Pohlenz, and G. Trautwein, eds. Ruminant Pestivirus Infections. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9153-8.
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Mansour, Mahmoud, Ray Wilhite, and Joe Rowe. Guide to Ruminant Anatomy. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119379157.
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Rout, Pramod Kumar, and Basanta Kumara Behera. Sustainability in Ruminant Livestock. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4343-6.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Ruminace"
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Carro, M. D., and E. M. Ungerfeld. "Utilization of Organic Acids to Manipulate Ruminal Fermentation and Improve Ruminant Productivity." In Rumen Microbiology: From Evolution to Revolution, 177–97. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_13.
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Owens, Fredric N., and Mehmet Basalan. "Ruminal Fermentation." In Rumenology, 63–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30533-2_3.
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Millen, Danilo Domingues, Rodrigo Dias Lauritano Pacheco, Luciano da Silva Cabral, Lia Locatelli Cursino, Daniel Hideki Mariano Watanabe, and André Luiz Nagatani Rigueiro. "Ruminal Acidosis." In Rumenology, 127–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30533-2_5.
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Ahmed, Jabbar, Hong Yin, Mohammed Bakheit, Zhijie Liu, Heinz Mehlhorn, and Ulrike Seitzer. "Small Ruminant Theileriosis." In Progress in Parasitology, 135–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21396-0_8.
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McEvoy, Fintan, and Stefanie Ohlerth. "Ruminant and Porcine." In Veterinary Computed Tomography, 503–7. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118785676.ch47.
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Belák, S., and A. Ballagi-Pordány. "Bovine viral diarrhea virus infection: rapid diagnosis by the polymerase chain reaction." In Ruminant Pestivirus Infections, 181–90. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9153-8_22.
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Horzinek, M. C. "Pestiviruses—taxonomic perspectives." In Ruminant Pestivirus Infections, 1–5. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9153-8_1.
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Brownlie, J. "The pathways for bovine virus diarrhoea virus biotypes in the pathogenesis of disease." In Ruminant Pestivirus Infections, 79–96. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9153-8_10.
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Sawyer, M. M., C. E. Schore, and B. I. Osburn. "Border disease of sheep—Aspects for diagnostic and epidemiologic consideration." In Ruminant Pestivirus Infections, 97–100. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9153-8_11.
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Castrucci, G., F. Frigeri, B. I. Osburn, M. Ferrari, M. M. Sawyer, and V. Aldrovandi. "A study of some pathogenetic aspects of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection." In Ruminant Pestivirus Infections, 101–8. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9153-8_12.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Ruminace"
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Febrianti, Nia, Dwierra Evvyernie, and Sri Suharti. "Utilization of canteen food waste as ruminant feed and its effect on ruminal fermentation characteristics in vitro." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICSAS2020). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0030566.
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Leman, A. M., Syafiq Muzarpar, I. Baba, N. M. Sunar, and R. Abdul Wahab. "Feedstock for ruminant, non-ruminant and aquatic fish in Malaysia-A review." In 3RD ELECTRONIC AND GREEN MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017 (EGM 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5002349.
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Khan, Ridwan A., Ram K. Avvari, Katherine Wiykovics, Pooja Ranay, and Myounghoon Jeon. "LifeMusic: Reflection Of Life Memories By Data Sonification." In The 22nd International Conference on Auditory Display. Arlington, Virginia: The International Community for Auditory Display, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2016.008.
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Memorable life events are important to form the present selfimage. Looking back on these memories provides an opportunity to ruminate meaning of life and envision future. Integrating the life-log concept and auditory graphs, we have implemented a mobile application, “LifeMusic”, which helps people reflect their memories by listening to their life event sonifcation that is synchronous to these memories. Reflecting the life events through LifeMusic can relieve users of the present and have them journey to the past moments and thus, they can keep balance of emotions in the present life. In the current paper, we describe the implementation and workflow of LifeMusic and briefly discuss focus group results, improvements, and future works.
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Weiss, W. "Estimating digestible and metabolizable energy concentrations of ruminant diets." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_6.
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Costeur, Loic, Georg Schulz, and Bert Müller. "High-resolution x-ray computed tomography to understand ruminant phylogeny." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Stuart R. Stock. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2060841.
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Syarif Hartawan, Muhammad, Maya Dewi Dyah Maharani, and Erly Krisnanik Information System. "Structural Model of System Information for Management Innovation Ruminant-Slaughterhouse." In 2020 International Conference on Informatics, Multimedia, Cyber and Information System (ICIMCIS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icimcis51567.2020.9354305.
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Yüca, Songül, Mehmet Gül, and Alper Çağlayan. "Investigation of the use of various plant extracts activity in ruminant." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES: ICANAS 2016. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4945932.
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Harlia, Ellin, H. Hamdani, Winantris, Tb B. A. Kurnani, Y. A. Hidayati, E. T. Marlina, K. N. Rahmah, H. Arief, R. Ridwan, and I. M. Joni. "The impact of anaerobic microorganisms activities in ruminant waste and coal." In THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION ON POWDER TECHNOLOGY INDONESIA (ICePTi) 2017. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5021227.
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Matovu, Jacob, and Ahmet Alçiçek. "Investigations and Concerns about the Fate of Transgenic DNA and Protein in Livestock." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.011.
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The fate of transgenic DNA (tDNA) and protein from feed derived from Genetically Modified organisms (GMOs) in animals has been a major issue since their commercialization in 1996. Several studies have investigated the risks of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of tDNA and protein to bacteria or animal cells/tissues, but some of the reported data are controversial. Previous reports showed that tDNA fragments or proteins derived from GM plants could not be detected in tissues, fluids, or edible products from livestock. Other researchers have shown that there is a possibility of small fragments entering animal tissues, fluids and organs. This motivated us to update our knowledge about these concerns. Therefore, this review aimed to evaluate the probable transfer and accumulation of tDNA/proteins from transgenic feeds in animal samples (ruminant and non-ruminant) by evaluating the available experimental studies published scientifically. This study found that the tDNA/protein is not completely degraded during feed processing and digestion in Gastro-Intestinal Tract (GIT). In large ruminants (cattle), tDNA fragments/proteins were detected in GIT digesta, rumen fluid, and faeces. In small ruminants (goats), traces of tDNA/proteins were detected in GIT digesta, blood, milk, liver, kidney, heart and muscle. In pigs, they were detected in blood, spleen, liver, kidney, and GIT digesta. In poultry, traces were detected in blood, liver and GIT digesta but not in meat and eggs. Notwithstanding some studies that have shown transfer of tDNA/protein fragments in animal samples, we cannot rely on these few studies to give general evidence for transfer into tissues/fluids and organs of farm animals. However, this study clearly shows that transfer is possible. Therefore, intensive and authentic research should be conducted on GM plants before they are approved for commercial use, investigating issues such as the fate of tDNA or proteins and the effects of feeding GM feed to livestock.
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Ding, Ning, Xiaodong Cheng, and Zhengyi Cui. "Design of Ruminant Sound Detection for Dairy Cows Based on DWT-MFCC." In 2018 5th International Conference on Systems and Informatics (ICSAI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsai.2018.8599308.
Full textReports on the topic "Ruminace"
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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Ruminant livestock. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896298460_12.
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Drewnoski, Mary, Donald C. Beitz, Daniel D. Loy, Stephanie L. Hansen, and Steve M. Ensley. Factors Affecting Ruminal Hydrogen Sulfide Concentration of Cattle. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-465.
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Elbeltagy, Ahmed R., Eui-Soo Kim, Barbara Rischkowsky, Adel M. Aboul-naga, Joram M. Mwacharo, and Max F. Rothschild. Genome-wide Analysis of Small Ruminant Tolerance to Grazing Stress Under Arid Desert. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-236.
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Suen, Garret. Deciphering The Genetic And Molecular Underpinnings Of Carbohydrate-Degrading Systems In Ruminal Bacteria. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1474806.
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van den Pol-van Dasselaar, A., A. de Vliegher, D. Hennessy, and J. Isselstein. Maximising grazing in ruminant production systems: proceedings 6th Meeting EGF Working Group "Grazing" in Cork. Wageningen: Wageningen Livestock Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/472030.
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Krueger, Lucas A., Donald C. Beitz, Ken Onda, Mohammed Osman, Mathew R. O'Neil, Samantha Lei, Robert Stuart, Howard D. Tyler, and Brian J. Nonnecke. Effects of d-α-Tocopherol and Dietary Energy on Growth and Health of Pre-Ruminant Dairy Calves. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1382.
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Osman, Mohamed, Judith Stabel, Ken Onda, Scot Down, Wanda Kreikemeier, Douglas Ware, and Donald C. Beitz. Modification of Digestive System Microbiome of Lactating Dairy Cows by Feeding Bovamine®: Effect on Ruminal Fermentation. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-884.
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Chiquette, Johanne, Milton J. Allison, and Mark A. Rasmussen. Use of Prevotella bryantii 25A as a Probiotic to Reduce the Risk of Ruminal Acidosis in Dairy Cows. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-161.
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Livingston, Roderick. Ruminant methane reduction through livestock development in Tanzania. Final report for US Department of Energy and US Initiative on Joint Implementation--Activities Implemented Jointly. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/808113.
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McCarthy, Noel, Eileen Taylor, Martin Maiden, Alison Cody, Melissa Jansen van Rensburg, Margaret Varga, Sophie Hedges, et al. Enhanced molecular-based (MLST/whole genome) surveillance and source attribution of Campylobacter infections in the UK. Food Standards Agency, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ksj135.
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This human campylobacteriosis sentinel surveillance project was based at two sites in Oxfordshire and North East England chosen (i) to be representative of the English population on the Office for National Statistics urban-rural classification and (ii) to provide continuity with genetic surveillance started in Oxfordshire in October 2003. Between October 2015 and September 2018 epidemiological questionnaires and genome sequencing of isolates from human cases was accompanied by sampling and genome sequencing of isolates from possible food animal sources. The principal aim was to estimate the contributions of the main sources of human infection and to identify any changes over time. An extension to the project focussed on antimicrobial resistance in study isolates and older archived isolates. These older isolates were from earlier years at the Oxfordshire site and the earliest available coherent set of isolates from the national archive at Public Health England (1997/8). The aim of this additional work was to analyse the emergence of the antimicrobial resistance that is now present among human isolates and to describe and compare antimicrobial resistance in recent food animal isolates. Having identified the presence of bias in population genetic attribution, and that this was not addressed in the published literature, this study developed an approach to adjust for bias in population genetic attribution, and an alternative approach to attribution using sentinel types. Using these approaches the study estimated that approximately 70% of Campylobacter jejuni and just under 50% of C. coli infection in our sample was linked to the chicken source and that this was relatively stable over time. Ruminants were identified as the second most common source for C. jejuni and the most common for C. coli where there was also some evidence for pig as a source although less common than ruminant or chicken. These genomic attributions of themselves make no inference on routes of transmission. However, those infected with isolates genetically typical of chicken origin were substantially more likely to have eaten chicken than those infected with ruminant types. Consumption of lamb’s liver was very strongly associated with infection by a strain genetically typical of a ruminant source. These findings support consumption of these foods as being important in the transmission of these infections and highlight a potentially important role for lamb’s liver consumption as a source of Campylobacter infection. Antimicrobial resistance was predicted from genomic data using a pipeline validated by Public Health England and using BIGSdb software. In C. jejuni this showed a nine-fold increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones from 1997 to 2018. Tetracycline resistance was also common, with higher initial resistance (1997) and less substantial change over time. Resistance to aminoglycosides or macrolides remained low in human cases across all time periods. Among C. jejuni food animal isolates, fluoroquinolone resistance was common among isolates from chicken and substantially less common among ruminants, ducks or pigs. Tetracycline resistance was common across chicken, duck and pig but lower among ruminant origin isolates. In C. coli resistance to all four antimicrobial classes rose from low levels in 1997. The fluoroquinolone rise appears to have levelled off earlier and among animals, levels are high in duck as well as chicken isolates, although based on small sample sizes, macrolide and aminoglycoside resistance, was substantially higher than for C. jejuni among humans and highest among pig origin isolates. Tetracycline resistance is high in isolates from pigs and the very small sample from ducks. Antibiotic use following diagnosis was relatively high (43.4%) among respondents in the human surveillance study. Moreover, it varied substantially across sites and was highest among non-elderly adults compared to older adults or children suggesting opportunities for improved antimicrobial stewardship. The study also found evidence for stable lineages over time across human and source animal species as well as some tighter genomic clusters that may represent outbreaks. The genomic dataset will allow extensive further work beyond the specific goals of the study. This has been made accessible on the web, with access supported by data visualisation tools.