Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ruminantia'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Ruminantia.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Bärmann, Eva Verena. "Towards a comprehensive phylogeny of bovidae (Ruminantia, Artiodactyla, Mammalia)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607982.
Full textCap, Henri. "Comportement et systématique : le cas des Cervidae (Ruminantia, Pecora)." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30189.
Full textThe phylogenetic position of Cervidae in the Pecoran infraorder caused many controversies, of which the most recent is the confrontation of the morphological data to the molecular data. With an aim to enlarge the debate, our research proposes to study the behavioral repertory of twelve species of Pecora including nine Cervidae, in order to specify their interrelationships. The results of our ethologic observations thus allowed to identify "ancestral hypothetical éthotypes", which show that Cervidae form a monophyletic group made up by two lineages : plesiometacarpals Cervids or Cervinae which appear as a natural group and telemetacarpals Cervids, Hydropotinae and Capreolinae. The last one presents two groups, with a clade which corresponds to Odocoileini and Rangiferi, and a paraphyletic group, consisted by Hydropotini, Capreolini and Alceini. A eurasiatic origin for Cervidae was advanced, as well as Hydropotes is secondarily antlerless. On the other hand, Moschidae appear as the sister group of Cervidae, and Bovidae seem more related in Cervoidea than are to it Giraffidae. An analysis implying more taxa would be necessary, not only to refine our results and our method of using ethological data, but also to discuss of the theorical prospects generated by the behaviour content in phylogenetic systematics
Guzmán, Sandoval Jonathan [Verfasser], and Gertrud [Akademischer Betreuer] Rößner. "Palaeobiology of tragulids (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Ruminantia) / Jonathan Guzmán Sandoval ; Betreuer: Gertrud Rößner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1202011837/34.
Full textGuzmán, Sandoval Jonathan [Verfasser], and Gertrud [Akademischer Betreuer] Rößner. "Palaeobiology of tragulids (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Ruminantia) / Jonathan Guzmán Sandoval ; Betreuer: Gertrud Rößner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1210424533/34.
Full textMétais, Grégoire. "Evolution des artiodactyles proto-sélénodontes du paléogène d'Asie : nouvelles données sur l'origine du clade ruminantia." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20192.
Full textNguyen, Trung Thanh. "Etude cytogénétique et moléculaire de Bos frontalis, Muntiacus vuquangendis et Pseudoryx nghetinhensis (Mammalia, Ruminantia) de la Cordillère Annamitique : implications pour leur conservation." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MNHN0008.
Full textThe main purpose of the present thesis was to study three highly threatened ruminant species from the Annamites: the saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis), the large-antlered muntjac (Muntiacus vuquangensis) and the gaur (Bos frontalis). By using both cytogenetic and molecular approaches, we attempted to gain a deeper understanding of their phylogenetic affinities, patterns of chromosomal evolution and, in the case of the gaur, population genetic diversity. Our phylogenetic analysis of chromosomal data suggests the placement of the saola within the subtribe Bubalina, which contains the species of the genera Bubalus and Syncerus. Second, we studied the karyotype of M. Vuquangensis and compared its banding patterns to those available for six other species of the tribe. Phylogenetic analysis of the chromosome data resulted in the tree fully congruent with that obtained after analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome sequences. Thus both data sets strongly support a close relationship between M. Vuquangensis and M. Reevesi. Third, an analysis of 130 microsatellite markers was undertaken to assess genetic diversity of the wild gaur population in Vietnam. Outcomes of this study suggest an urgent need for further detailed analysis of genetic diversity in gaur populations, and its incorporation in population management strategies. In conclusion, our cytogenetic and molecular information reported herein provide guidelines for further conservation policies not only of species investigated, but also for the ex situ conservation of other threatened and endangered species in the Annamite range
Santos, Isabella Barbosa dos. "Viabilidade do parasitismo por Haemonchus placei em caprinos (Capra hircus) experimentalmente infectados." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153384.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-04-05T13:49:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ib_me_jabo.pdf: 1903091 bytes, checksum: 01a14a6ac4969df8c86c454e56e542c4 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-05T13:49:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ib_me_jabo.pdf: 1903091 bytes, checksum: 01a14a6ac4969df8c86c454e56e542c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A caprinocultura é considerada um segmento de grande importância em agronegócios no país, gerando importante fonte de carne e leite, principalmente na região Nordeste. Entretanto, este criatório sofre grandes perdas econômicas devido às parasitoses que acometem o trato digestório. Dentre estas, destaca-se, o gênero Haemonchus, cujas espécies H. contortus e H. placei parasitam abomaso de caprinos e bovinos, respectivamente, havendo possibilidade de infecção cruzada dessas duas espécies helmínticas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade do parasitismo por H. placei em caprinos e compará-la à patogenicidade por H. contortus. Foram utilizados 14 caprinos, recém-nascidos, mantidos em gaiolas metálicas de piso suspenso, assim distribuídos: GI - quatro cabritos inoculados com 5000 larvas infectantes (L3) de H. placei, GII – quatro infectados com 5000 larvas infectantes (L3) de H. contortus, GIII – quatro animais inoculados com 2500 larvas L3 de H. contortus + 2500 H. placei e GIV – dois cabritos que receberam apenas água (controle). Exames de contagem de ovos de estrongilídeos por grama de fezes (OPG) foram realizados diariamente, após o 7º dia da inoculação. Os períodos pré-patentes foram de 24 dias para H contortus e de 31 dias para H. placei. O grupo inoculado apenas com H. placei apresentou médias de OPG inferiores quando comparado aos demais grupos. Decorridos 42 dias pós-infecção, os 14 caprinos foram eutanasiados e necropsiados, sendo coletados “in totum” os exemplares de Haemonchus. O grupo I apresentou média de 25,5 espécimes H. placei, o grupo II média de 619,5 de exemplares de H. contortus, o grupo III média de 120 exemplares de H. placei e 604,75 de H. contortus e no grupo IV nenhum helminto foi diagnosticado. Não foram constatadas quaisquer outras espécies e nem formas imaturas de Haemonchus no trato gastrintestinais dos caprinos. Fragmentos do abomaso foram coletados e armazenados em formol tamponado para análise histopatológica. Foram observados no grupo I lesões microscópicas leves apenas com poucos focos inflamatórios. Nos grupos II e III foram diagnosticadas lesões extensas, como edemas, focos inflamatórios difusos, infiltrado de eosinófilos, diminuição das células parietais. No grupo IV nenhuma alteração histopatológica foi diagnosticada. Nas condições desse estudo, a espécie caprina foi razoavelmente susceptível ao parasitismo por Haemonchus placei, sendo esse parasitismo mais proeminente nos animais que receberam infecção mista (H. placei + H. contortus).
Goat breeding is considered a very important segment in Brazilian agribusiness, generating a significant source of meat and milk. However, this industry suffers great economic losses due to parasitic diseases that affect the digestive tract, compromising their development. Among these, the Haemonchus genus stands out, with H. contortus and H. placei parasitizing goats and cattle, respectively, with the possiblity of cross infection between these helminth species in abomasu of hosts. The objective of the present study was to estimate the viability of H. placei parasitism in goats, and compare it with H. contortus pathogenicity. Fourteen newborn goats were used, distributed in the following way: GI - four goats inoculated with infective larvae (L3) of H. placei; GII – four animals infected with infective larvae (L3) of H. contortus; GIII - four caprines inoculated with larvae L3 of H. contortus + H. placei; and GIV - two goats that received only water (control). Each animal received 5000 L3 of Haemonchus species, in a single dose, orally. Egg per Gram of Feces (EPG) exams were performed daily after the 7th day of inoculation, establishing that the pre-patent period of H. contortus was 24 days and H. placei was 31 days. The group inoculated only with H. placei presented lower EPG means when compared to the other groups. After 42 days post-infection, all 14 goats were euthanized and necropsied, and Haemonchus specimens were collected “in totum". Group I presented an average of 25.5 specimens, while the mean of group II was 619.5, group III obtained an average of 120 specimens of H. placei and 604.75 of H. contortus and group IV did not present any specimens. No other species and no immature forms of Haemonchus were found in gastrintestinal tracts of experimental animals. Fragments of abomasum were collected and stored in buffered formalin for histopathological analysis, in which GI group showed mild microscopic lesions with only a few inflammatory foci, while groups II and III had extensive lesions, such as edema, diffuse inflammatory foci, eosinophilic infiltrate and hyperplasia of parietal cells. Group IV showed no changes. Under conditions of this study, the caprine species did not present itself as susceptible to parasitism by Haemonchus placei, with such parasitism being more prominent when in consortium with Haemonchus contortus.
Narciso, Luis Gustavo. "Impacto de diferentes protocolos de corticoterapia antenatal para obtenção de cabritos prematuros viáveis." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152986.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Ederson Vasconcelos Pereira null (edersonpereira@fmva.unesp.br) on 2018-03-12T19:35:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 narciso_lg_dr_araca_int.pdf: 2591558 bytes, checksum: 4d518ab0bd8cefde5184d024ae6fa425 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-12T19:35:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 narciso_lg_dr_araca_int.pdf: 2591558 bytes, checksum: 4d518ab0bd8cefde5184d024ae6fa425 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Determinaram-se a vitalidade e os perfis hematológicos, hemogasométricos e bioquímicos de 37 cabritos prematuros com, aproximadamente, 141 dias de vida intrauterina, oriundos de cabras submetidas a diferentes protocolos de corticoterapia, a saber: Grupo I -Constituído por dez cabritos com ± 141 dias de vida intrauterina, nascidos por meio de cesarianas, de cabras que receberam, por via intramuscular (IM) em dose única, 20 mg de dexametasona, dois dias antes da cirurgia eletiva (139 dias); Grupo II - Composto por nove cabritos com ± 141 dias de vida intrauterina, nascidos por meio de cesarianas, de mães que receberam, por via IM/SID, a saber : 2 mg de dexametasona, dos 133 aos 136 dias de gestação; 4 mg dos 137 aos 139; e 20 mg aos 140 dias de prenhez; Grupo III - constituído por nove cabritos com ± 141 dias de vida intrauterina, nascidos por meio de cesarianas, de cabras que receberam, por via IM/BID, 16 mg de dexametasona aos 139, com doses repetidas a cada 12 horas até a cirurgia eletiva; e Grupo IV - composto por nove cabritos com ± 141 dias de vida intrauterina, nascidos por meio de cesarianas, de cabras que receberam 4, 8, 16 e 20 mg de dexametasona, por via IM/SID, aos 137, 138, 139 e 140 dias de gestação, respectivamente. Os mesmos foram avaliados no que tange à vitalidade, pelo escore APGAR. Obtiveram-se amostras sanguíneas de cabritos ao nascimento, aos 60 minutos, às 12, 24 e às 48 horas, visando à determinação do hemograma, como também das variáveis hemogasométricas, insulina, cortisol, ureia, creatinina, glicose e lactato séricos, bem como da atividade sérica de gamaglutamiltransferase e da concentração de proteína total. Para determinação e avaliação das taxas e das possíveis causas de morbimortalidade, os recém-nascidos foram observados até os 30 dias de vida
Was determined the vitality and hematological profiles, hemogasometrics and biochemists of 37 kids approximately premature 141 days of intrauterine life, from goats subjected to different treatment protocols, namely: Group I- Consisting of ten goats with ± 141 days old, born through c-section, of goats that will receive, intramuscularly (IM) and once, 20 mg of dexamethasone, two days prior to elective surgery (139 days); Group II-composed of nine goats with ± 141 days old, born through c-section, of mothers who receive, via IM/SID: 2 mg of dexamethasone, 133 to 136 days of gestation; 4 mg of 137 to 139; and 20 mg to 140 days of pregnancy; Group III-consisting of nine goats with ± 141 days old, born through c-section, of goats that will receive, via IM/IDB, 16 mg of dexamethasone to 139, with repeated doses every 12 hours before elective surgery; and Group IV-composed of nine goats with ± 141 days old, born through c-section, of goats will receive 4, 8, 16 and 20 mg of dexamethasone, via IM/SID, to 137, 138, 139 and 140 days of gestation, respectively. The same will be evaluated with respect to vitality, APGAR score. This will give blood samples from goats at birth, to 60 minutes, at 12, 24 and 48 hours, aiming at determining the CBC, as well as the variables hemogasometrics, insulin, cortisol, urea, creatinine, serum lactate and glucose, as well as the Serum activity of associated disease and the concentration of total protein.For determination and assessment fees and the possible causes of morbidity and mortality, the newborns will be observed until the 30 days of life. Keywords: ruminants, dexamethasone, induced childbirth
FAPESP: 16/00808-6
Morello, Amábile França. "Influência das lactonas macrocíclicas utilizadas em bovinos no desenvolvimento de microrganismos e decomposição das fezes." Dracena, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180726.
Full textResumo: Os parasitos influenciam de maneira significativa a bovinocultura no Brasil, sendo a aplicação de endectocidas da família das lactonas macrocíclicas umas das formas mais utilizadas para o controle, porém podem proporcionar contaminação ao ambiente, visto que sua eliminação é principalmente via fezes e urina. Com isto, este trabalho objetivou verificar o desenvolvimento de microrganismos edáficos e a decomposição das fezes de bovinos ao longo do tempo após o tratamento com diferentes lactonas macrocíclicas. Foram avaliadas as fezes de doze animais, divididos em quatro grupos homogêneos, sendo o G1- controle (sem a administração de endectocida), G2-Ivermectina 1%, G3-Ivermectina 3,15% e G4- Moxidectina 1%. As colheitas das fezes dos animais foram realizadas nos dias 0, 7, 14, 21, 28,42 e 56 pós tratamento, e submetidas a três ambientes de decomposição, sendo ambiente controlado (BOD), Natural (NAT): exposto as condições climáticas naturais e enterradas no solo (Solo). Nos dias das cada colheitas e 112 dias após cada colheita, foi realizada a avaliação matéria orgânica. As avaliações da microbiota das fezes foram realizadas nos dias das colheitas e 7 após cada colheita. Observou-se que as ivermectinas em suas duas concentrações (1 e 3,15%) interferiram no desenvolvimento da população microbiana, já a moxidectina 1% não alterou a dinâmica populacional das bactérias, que também não foi influenciada pelo ambiente exposto em nenhum dos tratamento. A decomposição não foi afetada pela... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
Pretorius, Alri. "Aspects of the immune response in ruminants to four protective Ehrlichia ruminantium gene products." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26758.
Full textThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
unrestricted
Gonçalves, Joana Isabel Ribeiro da Costa. "Laparoscopia em ruminantes : utilização de uma técnica mini-invasiva na correcção do deslocamento do abomaso à esquerda." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3621.
Full textO objectivo deste trabalho é descrever as principais aplicações da laparoscopia em ruminantes e o uso desta técnica na correcção do deslocamento abomasal, de forma regular, na clínica de animais de pecuária. A área da endoscopia tem tido uma evolução notável nas últimas décadas, para a qual têm também contribuído os avanços verificados a nível tecnológico. Em laparoscopia de ruminantes são geralmente usados laparoscópios rígidos e as principais vantagens desta cirurgia incluem o facto de ser mini-invasiva, a redução da duração do procedimento, poucas complicações e tempo de recuperação pós-cirúrgico mais curto. As principais desvantagens incluem o preço do equipamento, a curva de aprendizagem e a perda de sensação táctil em comparação com a cirurgia aberta. São indicados neste trabalho os tipos de equipamento comummente usados e sugestões de cuidados pré e pós cirúrgicos. A anatomia abdominal observada através do laparoscópio e possíveis abordagens cirúrgicas são também referidas. No que diz respeito ao deslocamento abomasal, para além de várias técnicas disponíveis para a sua correcção, é descrita a patogenia da doença, os factores de risco, a influência de doenças concomitantes e é apresentado um conjunto de casos observados na Clínica para Ruminantes (medicina interna e cirurgia) em Gießen submetidos a cirurgia laparoscópica segundo o método de Janowitz. A abomasopéxia por meio de colocação de toggle abomasal, seja pelo método de Janowitz, Christiansen ou Newman, Anderson e Silveira, são técnicas que podem ser praticadas com facilidade na clínica de campo.
ABSTRACT - Laparoscopy in ruminants: using a mini-invasive procedure for correction of the leftsided displaced abomasum. - The aim of this dissertation is to describe the main applications of laparoscopy in ruminants and the use of this method for the correction of the displaced abomasum, in a regular basis, in farm animals’ practice. The evolution on the endoscopy field during the past decades was remarkable, for what is also important the great advances verified in technology area. Rigid laparoscopes are commonly used in ruminants’ laparoscopy. Some advantages that are related with this kind of surgery are the mini-invasiveness, the reduction of the surgical time, the few complications and a recovery period faster than with conventional surgery. The main drawbacks are the price of the equipment, the learning curve and the lost of the tactile sensation comparing with open surgery. In this paper, there is a review of the equipment commonly used and some suggestions for pre and post-surgical care. The laparoscopic abdominal anatomy and some possible approaches are also referred. About the abomasum displacement, a description of various techniques used on its correction is
Kibor, Alfred Chingi. "Characterisation of the immune responses of ruminants and mice to the welgevondenstock of Cowdria ruminantium." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29832.
Full textSilva, Eva Liliane dos Santos. "Impacto de diferentes protocolos de corticoterapia antenatal na produção de hidroperóxidos e na capacidade antioxidante em cabritos e cabras pós-parto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154752.
Full textRejected by Isabel Pereira de Matos (isabel@fmva.unesp.br), reason: Citação errada no texto Referencias com erros on 2018-07-26T20:34:24Z (GMT)
Submitted by Eva Liliane dos Santos Silva (lilianezootecnia@gmail.com) on 2018-07-30T03:24:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 reapresentação.pdf: 2393226 bytes, checksum: bc0779faeea41deef8789babdad651ce (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Ederson Vasconcelos Pereira null (edersonpereira@fmva.unesp.br) on 2018-07-30T17:53:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_els_me_araca_int.pdf: 2393226 bytes, checksum: bc0779faeea41deef8789babdad651ce (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-30T17:53:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_els_me_araca_int.pdf: 2393226 bytes, checksum: bc0779faeea41deef8789babdad651ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-17
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Este trabalho teve como objetivo mensurar a produção de hidroperóxidos e a capacidade antioxidante do plasma de cabras e seus cabritos, por meio do teste d-ROMs (Reactive Oxygen Metabolites) e BAP (Biological Antioxidant Potential), após as cabras serem submetidas a diferentes protocolos de corticoterapia antenatal, os animais foram aleatoriamente alocados em quatro grupos experimentais: grupo I - constituído por quatro cabras e sete cabritos, com uma única dosagem de 20 mg de dexametasona, por via IM/SID, dois dias antes da cirurgia eletiva (139 dias); grupo II - composto por quatro cabras e seis cabritos utilizando a dosagem de 2 mg de dexametasona, dos 133 aos 136 dias; 4 mg dos 137 aos 138; e 20 mg aos 139 dias de prenhes, por via IM/SID; grupo III - constituído por quatro cabras e sete cabritos, com dosagem de 16 mg de dexametasona aos 139, com doses repetidas a cada 12 horas até a cirurgia eletiva, por via IM/BID, e grupo IV - composto por quatro cabras e seis cabritos utilizando a dose de 4, 8, 16 e 20 mg de dexametasona, por via IM/SID, aos 137, 138, 139, 140 dias de gestação, respectivamente. Para analisar d-ROMs e BAP foram feitas coletas de sangue nas cabras por punção da veia jugular aos 15 minutos (M15) após o parto, e nos cabritos foram realizadas as coletas de sangue por punção da veia jugular nos respectivos momentos com referência ao nascimento de cada neonato: 15 minutos (M15), 24 horas (M24) e 48 horas (M48).
The objective of this work was to measure the production of hydroperoxides and the antioxidant capacity of goats and their goats by means of the d-ROMs test (Reactive Oxygen Metabolites) and BAP (Biological Antioxidant Potential), after the goats were submitted to different protocols of antenatal corticosteroid therapy, the animals were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: group I - consisting of four goats and seven goats, with a single dose of 20 mg of dexamethasone, IM / SID, two days before elective surgery (139 days); group II - composed of four goats and six goats using the dosage of 2 mg dexamethasone, from 133 to 136 days; 4 mg of 137 to 138; and 20 mg at 139 days of pregnancy, by IM/SID; group III - consisting of four goats and seven goats, with a dose of 16 mg of dexamethasone at 139, with repeated doses every 12 hours until elective surgery, by IM/BID, e group IV - composed of four goats and six goats using the dose of 4, 8, 16 and 20 mg dexamethasone, by IM / SID route, to the 137, 138, 139, 140 days of gestation, respectively. Blood samples were taken from the goats by puncture of the jugular vein at 15 minutes (M15) after calving and the kidneys were collected by puncturing the jugular vein at the respective moments with reference to the birth of each neonate: 15 minutes (M15), 24 hours (M24) and 48 hours (M48).
FAPESP: 16/00808-6
Nascimento, Priscilla Marques do. "Metabolismo oxidativo e perfil bioquímico de ovelhas Santa Inês no período periparto: efeito da suplementação com vitamina E." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-12082014-133356/.
Full textOxidative metabolism, biochemical profile and the effect of intramuscular vitamin E supplementation on sheeps per partum period were evaluated using 24 healthy Santa Ines sheep, in the last month of pregnancy. The lambs were randomly divided into two groups, control group-CG and treated group-TG. CG received 2 mL of saline and TG received 200 IU of vitamin E, both treatments were done with two doses within interval of 14 days, by deep intramuscular injection of. These groups were further divided into P1 and P2. In P1 the sheep received the second or vitamin saline dose between 1 and 7 days before delivery date. In P2, the second dose was administered between 15 and 25 days before delivery. Blood samples were collected at the following times: before the first application (M0), 15 days after (M1), at birth (M2), 7 days postpartum (M3), two weeks after delivery (M4) and four weeks after delivery (M5). The variables of biochemical profile analyzed were: total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, creatine kinase (CK), uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, beta hydroxybutyrate (BHB), acids non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Oxidative metabolism variable were: activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), reduced glutathione (GSH) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (HRFP). No differences were observed between the P1 treated and control groups in the concentrations of total protein, globulin, CK, uric acid, glucose, triglycerides, BHB, NEFA, SOD, GSH-Px and GSH. However higher concentrations of albumin in M0 (P = 0.039), urea in M1 (P = 0.018), M2 (P = 0.005) and M3 (P = 0.040), creatinine in M2 (P = 0.030 ) and M3 (P = 0.047), GGT in M1 (P = 0.01) and M2 (P = 0.024), cholesterol in M2 (P = 0.041) and HRFP at M3 (P = 0.022) for ewes treated we observed. AST concentration was greater for control in M2 (P = 0.030). In P2, higher activities were observed for the control group in the variables SOD in M3 (P = 0.013), GSH-Px in M4 (P = 0.027) and higher FRAP in M4 (P = 0.023) for the treated group. The application of two doses of vitamin E (200 IU, im) increased the concentrations of FRAP postpartum in both P1 and P2.
Moreira, Tainá Silvestre. "Energy requirements, energetic partition and methane emission from growing Holstein, Gyr and F1 Holstein-Gyr dairy heifers." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-16112016-114843/.
Full textNo Brasil, país com a quinta maior produção mundial de leite, as formulações de dietas ainda são realizadas com base nas exigências nutricionais estabelecidas em países de clima predominantemente temperado. Pesquisas de validação de sistemas nutricionais têm evidenciado incompatibilidade de aplicação dos sistemas gerados em condições temperadas às condições tropicais. Assim, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho determinar as exigências de energia, a partição da energia consumida e emissão de metano (CH4) entérico de novilhas leiteiras em crescimento das raças Holandês, Gir e F1 Holandês-Gir, em condições tropicais. O experimento foi realizado no Complexo Experimental Multiusuário da Embrapa Gado de Leite, localizado no Campo Experimental José Henrique Bruschi, em Coronel Pacheco - MG. Foram avaliadas 36 novilhas leiteiras, sendo 12 da raça Holandês, 12 da raça Gir e 12 F1 Holandês-Gir em 3 experimentos distintos. No primeiro experimento, as 36 novilhas foram distribuídas em 12 quadrados latinos, em arranjo fatorial 3x3, ou seja, 3 planos nutricionais e 3 grupos genéticos. Os planos nutricionais foram (1) 1.0x mantença; (2) 1.5x mantença e (3) 2.0x mantença e as novilhas foram alimentadas com uma dieta constituída de 85.0% de silagem de milho e 15.0% de concentrado com base na matéria seca (MS). A metodologia empregada para mensuração de CH4 foi a técnica do gás traçador SF6. O consumo de matéria seca (CMS) e nutrientes apresentou interação entre genótipo e plano nutricional. Novilhas da raça Gir apresentam maior digestibilidade da proteína bruta (76,55%), as F1 Holandês-Gir valor intermediário (75,14%) enquanto que os animais da raça Holandês apresentaram o menor valor (74,59%). A produção diária de metano em grama dia (g/d) foi influenciada pelo plano nutricional e também diferiu entre grupo genético, sendo que novilhas da raça Gir quando comparadas às demais tiveram menor emissão de CH4 entérico. Novilhas alimentadas sob o menor plano nutricional apresentaram maior emissão de CH4 (85,5%) por ganho de peso diário (g/kg de GPD) quando comparada as novilhas sob o maior plano nutricional. A produção média de CH4 anual encontrada no presente estudo foi de 45,84 kg. O segundo experimento teve como objetivo mensurar a produção de calor (PC) e a emissão de CH4 entérico por novilhas leiteiras através do método da máscara facial. Os mesmos animais, tratamentos e dietas que foram utilizadas no primeiro estudo foram utilizados neste estudo e no estudo que será descrito posteriormente a esse. A PC expressa em Mcal por peso vivo metabólico (Mcal/PVM) foi afetada por genótipo e novilhas da raça Gir apresentaram menor PC (163,2) quando comparada as novilhas Holandês (201,0) enquanto que as novilhas F1 Holandês-Gir não diferiu das demais (181,3). Observou-se interação entre genótipo e plano nutricional para emissão de CH4 em grama dia e em grama por quilo de peso vivo metabólico. Quando expresso em relação à matéria seca ingerida, não foram encontrados efeitos de genótipo ou plano nutricional para emissão de CH4. O terceiro estudo objetivou determinar as exigências de energia, a partição energética e a emissão metano entérico pela metodologia padrão de respirometria calorimétrica. Cada novilha permaneceu por um período de 24 horas no interior da câmara para as mensurações. A emissão de CH4 (g/d) foi influenciada por genótipo e plano nutricional. Novilhas Holandês e F1 Holandês-Gir demonstram emissões superiores em 73,4% quando comparadas as novilhas da raça Gir. A exigência de energia líquida para mantença (ELm/kcal BW0,75) foi 103,9 para novilhas Holandês, 79,86 para novilhas Gir e 103,8 para novilhas F1 Holandês-Gir. A exigência de energia metabolizável para mantença (EMm/kcal BW0,75) foi 132, 6 para novilhas Holandês, 116,0 para novilhas Gir e 138,2 para novilhas F1 Holandês-Gir. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre novilhas Holandês e F1 Holandês-Gir para exigências de ELm e EMm, então foi formulada uma equação combinada para ambas, onde ELm e EMm foram 105,2 e 135,0 kcal/BW0,75, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que os atuais resultados de exigências em energia tiveram similaridade com a literatura disponível e serão utilizados para inclusão no banco de dados de gado de leite, a ser formado com trabalhos já existentes e outros que ainda serão desenvolvidos, visando ao futuro estabelecimento das normas e padrões nacionais de alimentação para bovinos leiteiros dos grupos genéticos mais representativos do rebanho nacional. Os dados de emissão de metano entérico obtidos poderão ser utilizados na elaboração do inventário nacional de emissão de gases de efeito estufa pelas atividades pecuárias.
Conceição, Francisco Manuel Aparício da. "Revisão de listeriose em ruminantes a partir de três casos clínicos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9753.
Full textEsta tese de Mestrado é o culminar de cinco meses e meio de estágio em Montemor-o-Novo com o Dr. Jaime Ribeiro, onde tive a oportunidade de pôr em prática os conhecimentos que aprendi durante os cinco anos de Licenciatura e Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária. Devido ao risco de zoonose de algumas doenças do foro nervoso nos ruminantes, estas têm apresentado um lugar de destaque na clínica deste animais. O papel do Médico Veterinário é saber identificar correctamente cada caso e dar-lhe o seguimento acertado com vista a diminuir a propagação destas doenças e o número de casos que se tornam fatais. Durante o estágio tive a oportunidade de acompanhar em primeira mão dois casos de listeriose na sua forma encefálica, pelo que decidi explorar esta temática. Depois de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre L. monocytogenes com ênfase na clínica de ruminantes, abordando os aspectos mais importantes que resultam da infecção dos animais pela bactéria, nomeadamente etiologia, epidemiologia, patogenicidade, sinais clínicos, diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção, relatei os dois casos clínicos que presenciei e as medidas que foram tomadas para tratar os animais e identificar positivamente a L. monocytogenes. Faço também referência a um caso clínico relativo à espécie caprina que tive o privilégio de acompanhar e analisar. Concluí que, sendo uma doença ubiquitária e zoonótica é de extrema importância a sensibilização dos proprietários para o correcto acondicionamento e fermentação da silagem que vai ser fornecida aos animais. No entanto existem outros factores que podem promover infecções por Listeria spp., sendo por isso necessário uma constante monitorização da manada para detectar rapidamente possíveis casos e aumentar a taxa de sobrevivência dos animais.
ABSTRACT - Review of Listerosis in ruminants based on three clinical cases - This Master's thesis is the culmination of five and a half months of internship in Montemor-o-Novo with Dr. Jaime Ribeiro, where I got to put into practice the knowledge I learned over five years of studying to attain the master's degree in Veterinary Medicine. Because of the risk of zoonosis, some ruminants' neurologic diseases have shown a prominent place in the clinic of these animals. The role of the veterinarian is to correctly identify each case and give the proper follow-up in order to reduce the spread of these diseases and the number of cases that become fatal. During the internship I had the opportunity to experience firsthand two cases of nervous listeriosis, so I decided to explore this theme. After a bibliographic review of L. monocytogenes with an emphasis on the ruminant clinical cases, addressing the most important aspects resulting from infection of animals by this specific bacteria, including etiology, epidemiology, pathogenicity, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, I reported the two clinical cases witnessed, the measures taken to treat the animals and positively identify the bacteria. I present an outbreak in goats that I was privileged to track and analyze. Lastly I concluded that, being a ubiquitous and zoonotic disease is of paramount importance to raise the awareness of the owners for the proper packaging and fermentation of the silage that will be given to the animals. However, there are other factors that can cause listeriosis infections, so it is necessary to constant monitor the herd in order to quickly detect possible cases so increase the survival rate of the animals and reduce the public health risk.
Sousa, Neto Jaime Martins de. "Caracterização e desempenho econômico dos sistemas de produção de ovinos Morada Nova no estado do Ceará." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/17121.
Full textSubmitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-05-17T19:07:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_jmsousaneto.pdf: 1342135 bytes, checksum: 2ad71bdd3537cc268e5b6a39cd7e7dce (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-05-27T20:02:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_jmsousaneto.pdf: 1342135 bytes, checksum: 2ad71bdd3537cc268e5b6a39cd7e7dce (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-27T20:02:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_jmsousaneto.pdf: 1342135 bytes, checksum: 2ad71bdd3537cc268e5b6a39cd7e7dce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
This chapter has the aim to make the technical analysis of production systems in Morada Nova sheep to complement the project "Characterization and basis for the genetic improvement of sheep Morada Nova", coordinated by Embrapa Goats and Sheep, with the financial support of Banco do Nordeste (FUNDECI / ETENE). In order to achieve this objective, primary research was conducted with data collected through the application of questionnaires to the sheep farmers of the municip ality of Morada Nova, Ceará State. To assess the technological level, the system of sheep was divided into four components: the producer management, infrastructure, production system, herd management and performance of the herds. Next, we determined the te chnological indices for each component separately and for all of them, based on its recommended technology. We found four production systems baptized by the technology index for each producer, being called "high technology gap" - level D, "regular technolog ical gap" - level C, "low technology gap" - level B and "high art " - level A. It was found that 17% of farmers fall in the level A, 33% at level B, Level C in 33% and 17% at level D.
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo principal efetuar a caracterização e avaliação do desempenho econômico dos sistemas de produção de ovinos da raça Morada Nova no Estado do Ceará. Para tanto foram aplicados questionários junto aos produtores de ovinos da raça Morada Nova no Estado do Ceará. Para caracterização técnica, dividiu-se o sistema de produção de ovinos em quatro componentes: gerenciamento do produtor, infra-estrutura do sistema de produção, manejo dos rebanhos e desempenho dos rebanhos. Em seguida, foram determinados os índices tecnológicos para cada componente, separadamente e para o conjunto deles, com base na respectiva tecnologia recomendada. Para a caracterização socioeconômica dos produtores, foram analisados sete fatores, a saber: infra-estrutura e produção de volumosos, rebanhos e manejo de produção, produção, aspectos ambientais, mão-de-obra, crédito rural e administração do empreendimento. A análise econômica foi feita utilizando-se a metodologia do Sistema Integrado de Custos Agropecuários – CUSTAGRI. Foram identificados quatro níveis tecnológicos de sistemas de produção que foram usados para a análise dos aspectos socioeconômicos, estimativas de custos e avaliação de rentabilidade. Os sistemas de produção de ovinos Morados Nova mais tecnificados mostraram-se lucrativos e capazes de viabilizar o desenvolvimento sustentável no meio rural, proporcionando a fixação do homem no campo com emprego e renda. As principais dificuldades observadas pelos produtores estão ligadas à mão-de-obra desqualificada, políticas de crédito insuficientes e falta de políticas públicas focadas na atividade.
Matado, André Filipe Fernandes. "Seroprevalência de paratuberculose em ovinos e caprinos na região do Baixo Alentejo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15722.
Full textBorges, Gisele Daiana Silveira. "Substituição do milho por glicerina bruta na dieta de caprinos." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1535.
Full textIn order to evaluate the effects of adding levels of crude glycerin replacing corn in the diet of goats on intake, digestibility and ruminal diets containing zero, six, 12 and 18% crude glycerin were tested. The diets were composed of 55 % concentrate and 45% roughage (hay Tifton 85). Using four fistulated Boer goats and four intact on a double 4x4 Latin square. The intake and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and fiber NDF did not differ among treatments in g/day and %BW, as did the consumption of hay and concentrate. The consumption of protein, ADF and ether extract responding quadratic and linear treatments to positive and negative manner, respectively, in g/day and % BW. The consumption of protein had a quadratic effect in g / day and did not change in % BW. The ADF digestibility increased linearly in % BW. Nitrogen balance and pH did not differ among treatments. The ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen showed significant differences depending on the time of collection. The ammonia nitrogen also showed linear decrease with increasing levels of glycerin. The results of this study show that the use of crude glycerin replacing corn in the diet of goats, up to the level of 18% does not cause negative effects on consumption, diet digestibility, rumen pH and nitrogen balance. The ammonia nitrogen decreases with increasing levels of glycerin, however, remains at appropriate levels for ruminal activity.
5000
Nunes, Talyta Lins. "Tramadol em caprinos: efeitos clínicos, farmacocinética e biodisponibilidade." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2017. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/724.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-06-22T11:39:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TalytaLN_TESE.pdf: 1505855 bytes, checksum: f450d9b1a9eb7f3e1dc8fddf45518523 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-06-22T11:41:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TalytaLN_TESE.pdf: 1505855 bytes, checksum: f450d9b1a9eb7f3e1dc8fddf45518523 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T11:42:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TalytaLN_TESE.pdf: 1505855 bytes, checksum: f450d9b1a9eb7f3e1dc8fddf45518523 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-24
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Tramadol is an atypical opioid analgesic widely used in humans and in the routine of the small animal clinic. Due to the lack of studies that determine its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics, its use in production animals is restricted. The objective of this research was to evaluate the clinical, familial and bioavailability effects of tramadol in goats. The study was divided into two phases: the first one evaluated the clinical effects of tramadol at doses of 2 and 4 mg / kg intravenously; In the second stage, the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters of tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol were evaluated after intravenous and intramuscular administration at a dose of 4 mg / kg. Opioid has been shown to be safe and effective in the control of orchiectomy pain and should be given every 6 and 8 hours at doses of 2 and 4 mg / kg. The intramuscular opioid has bioavailability of 62%. The data from this research provide information on tramadol and its metabolites, and serve as the basis for future studies involving the drug and the plasm
O tramadol é um analgésico opioide atípico amplamente utilizado em humanos e na rotina da clínica de pequenos animais. Devido ausência de estudos que determinam as características farmacocinéticas e farmacodinâmicas, sua utilização em animais de produção é restrita. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar os efeitos clínicos, farmacocinética e biodisponibilidade do tramadol em caprinos. O estudo foi dividido em duas fases: na primeira, realizou-se avaliação dos efeitos clínicos do tramadol nas doses de 2 e 4 mg/kg intravenoso em caprinos submetidos a orquiectomia e na segunda etapa, realizou-se avaliação da biodisponibilidade e dos parâmetros farmacocinéticos do tramadol e O-desmetiltramadol após administração intravenosa e intramuscular em caprinos, na dose de 4 mg/kg. O opioide mostrou-se seguro e eficaz no controle da dor da orquiectomia, devendo ser administrado a cada 6 e 8 horas, nas doses de 2 e 4 mg/kg. O opioide intramuscular tem biodisponibilidade de 62%. Os dados desta pesquisa fornecem informações relevantes a respeito do tramadol e seus metabólitos e servem de base para estudos futuros envolvendo o fármaco e a matriz biológica
2017-06-21
Alves, Danielle Porcari. "Distribuição e Fatores Associados à Infecção Por Fasciola hepatica em Bovinos em Municípios do Sul do Estado do Espírito Santo no Período de 2008/2009." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2010. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5846.
Full textThe fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease with high potential to cause great economic losses in several animal species that compromises the liver and bile ducts of the same. In the southern state of Espírito Santo is becoming an endemic disease due to climate conducive to maintaining the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica and the high conviction rate of liver parasites in slaughterhouse region. The objective of this study to evaluate the distribution and factors associated with infection by Fasciola hepatica in cattle in 10 municipalities in the southern state of Espírito Santo, in the period 2008 to 2009. We collected stool samples from 10% of cattle from each property were referred to the Parasitology Laboratory of the Center for Agricultural Sciences (CCA), Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES) to perform the technique described by parasitological sedimentation Foreyt (2005) to detect eggs of Fasciola hepatica. The properties were selected for convenience, five properties in the county by 10 cities studied, totaling 50 properties. In each property was held a technical interview with the head, which was based on variables, to ascertain: the presence of wetland, the presence of other definitive hosts, the presence of previous cases of fasciolosis and the presence of observation of mollusk. The geographical position was defined with the aid of GPS in each property being transferred to maps using the computer program TrackMaker GPS. The associations between variables were evaluated by chi-square (X2) using the EPI INFO 2002. Of the total 717 samples 153 (21.33%) were positive for eggs of Fasciola hepatica in 32 (64%) farms with infected animals. Of the 50 farms studied, 32 (64%) showed positive animals for fasciolosis and 18 (36%) did not. After statistical analysis it was observed that there was only association between variables, presence of wetlands and other definitive hosts, with properties positive for bovine fasciolosis. Considering the results of this study, we can conclude that the bovine fascioliasis is a disease in expanding in the southern state of Espírito Santo
A fasciolose é uma enfermidade de elevado potencial zoonótico que causa grandes perdas econômicas em várias espécies de animais domésticos por acometer o fígado e as vias biliares dos mesmos. No sul do Estado do Espírito Santo está se tornado uma enfermidade endêmica devido ao clima favorável à manutenção do ciclo biológico da Fasciola hepatica e às altas taxas de condenação de fígados parasitados no matadouro-frigorífico regional. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a distribuição e fatores associados à infecção por Fasciola hepatica em bovinos em 10 municípios da região sul do Estado do Espírito Santo, no período de 2008 a 2009. Foram coletadas amostras de fezes de 10% do rebanho bovino de cada propriedade, sendo encaminhadas ao Laboratório Parasitologia do Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA) da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) para realização da técnica coproparasitológica de sedimentação descrita por Foreyt (2005) para detecção dos ovos de Fasciola hepatica. As propriedades foram selecionadas por conveniência, sendo cinco propriedades por município nos 10 municípios estudados, totalizando 50 propriedades. Em cada propriedade foi realizada uma entrevista técnica com o responsável, a qual se baseou em variáveis, a averiguar: presença de área alagada, presença de outros hospedeiros definitivos, presença de casos anteriores de fasciolose e presença de observação de molusco. O posicionamento geográfico foi definido com auxílio de GPS em cada propriedade sendo transferido para mapas por meio do programa computacional GPS Trackmaker. As associações entre as variáveis foram avaliadas pelo teste do quiquadrado (X2) com auxílio do programa EPI INFO 2002. Do total de 717 amostras coletadas 153 (21,33%) foram positivas para ovos de Fasciola hepatica em 32 (64%) propriedades com animais contaminados. Das 50 propriedades estudadas, 32 (64%) apresentavam animais positivos para fasciolose e 18 (36%) não. Ao avaliar as variáveis, 42 (84%) propriedades apresentavam áreas alagadas, 33 (66%) com altitude ≤ a 226 metros, 36 (72%) tinham relatos da observação de moluscos, 47 (94%) possuíam outros hospedeiros definitivos (eqüídeos, ovinos ou caprinos) e 25 (50%) com relato de casos anteriores de fasciolose bovina. Após análise estatística foi possível observar que houve associação somente entre as variáveis; presença de áreas alagadas e outros hospedeiros definitivos, com propriedades positivas para fasciolose bovina. Tendo em vista os resultados obtidos no presente estudo, podese concluir que a fasciolose bovina é uma enfermidade em expanção no sul do Estado do Espírito Santo
Bandeira, Gabriel CÃndido. "Efeitos de diferentes relaÃÃes volumoso: concentrado na biometria corporal, testÃculo-epididimÃria e perfil metabÃlico em ovinos Santa InÃs." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14486.
Full textObjetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o efeito de diferentes nÃveis de volumoso:concentrado sobre: a) O desenvolvimento biomÃtrico corporal, testicular e epididimÃrio. b)O perfil metabÃlico em cordeiros Santa InÃs.Foram utilizados 29 cordeiros, nÃo castrados, com peso vivo mÃdio inicial de 14,77  1,26 kg e, aproximadamente, 60 dias de idade. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. Os tratamentos experimentais consistiam em nÃveis crescentes de relaÃÃo volumoso: concentrado (100:0; 80:20; 60:40; 40:60 e 20:80). O feno de capim Tifton 85 foi utilizado como volumoso Ãnico e as raÃÃes foram formuladas segundo recomendaÃÃes do NRC (2007)para categoria de animais em crescimento (acima de 4 meses) e ganho de 250 g/dia. Semanalmente, mensurou-se o escore de condiÃÃo corporal (ECC), peso corporal (PC), comprimento corporal (CC), altura de cernelha (AC), altura de garupa (AG), largura de garupa (LG), largura de peito (LP), perÃmetro torÃcico (PT), perÃmetro escrotal (PE), comprimento testicular (CT), largura testicular (LT), espessura testicular (ET), comprimento da cauda do epidÃdimo (CCE), largura da cauda do epidÃdimo (LCE), espessura da cauda do epidÃdimo (ECE) e espessura da bolsa escrotal (EBE). O volume testicular foi calculado pela fÃrmula do cilindro (V=2[(r2) x Π x h]). A forma testicular foi calculada pela razÃo da largura/comprimento e classificada em longo se a razÃo fosse menor ou igual a 0,5, longo-moderado se 0,510 e 0,625, moderado-oval se 0,626 e 0,750, oval-esfÃrico se 0,751 e 0,875 e esfÃrico quando a razÃo fosse maior que 0,875. Em relaÃÃo ao perfil metabÃlico, foram colhidas amostras de sangue, quinzenalmente, as quais foram analisadas e quantificadas os teores de albumina, proteÃnas totais, globulinas, colesterol total, glicose, ureia, fosfato inorgÃnico e magnÃsio. Com relaÃÃo as mensuraÃÃes biomÃtricas, foi constatado um efeito linear para todas as variÃveis com o aumento da relaÃÃo volumoso:concentrado. Com relaÃÃo a forma testicular, houve uma predominÃncia do formato longo/esfÃrico, no entanto, a partir da coleta 5 houve uma homogeneidade nas formas longo/esfÃrico e longo/oval. No presente trabalho, as medidas biomÃtricas apresentaram correlaÃÃes que variaram de 0,527 a 0,983, sendo as mais significativas, ECC x PT, r=0,94; ECC x PC, r=0,92; PT x PC, r= 0,94; CC x ECC, r= 0,90; PT x CC, r=0,89. No tocante ao estudo do perfil metabÃlico, observou-se interaÃÃo da inclusÃo de diferentes nÃveis de concentrado e o tempo de coleta para as concentraÃÃes de proteÃnas totais, albumina, ureia, colesterol, fÃsforo e magnÃsio, no entanto, globulinas e glicose nÃo sofreram influencia da dieta e nem do tempo de coleta. A inclusÃo de nÃveis diferentes de concentrado afeta positivamente o crescimento dos cordeiros. As medidas corporais podem ser utilizadas para estimar o desenvolvimento reprodutivo. As dietas elaboradas segundo o NRC nÃo atenderam completamente as necessidades metabÃlicas dos cordeiros. O perfil metabÃlico à um excelente ferramenta para adequaÃÃo do manejo nutricional.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of bulk food: focused on biometric development (body, testicular and epididymal) and metabolic profile in Santa Ines lambs. 29 uncastrated lambs were used with average weight of 14.77 Â 1.26 kg and approximately 60 days of age. The experimental design was the randomized blocks with five treatments and six replications. The treatments consisted of increasing levels of roughage:concentrate ratio (100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60 and 20:80). The Tifton 85 hay was used as unique roughage and the diets were formulated according to the NRC (2007) recommendations for the animal category growth (over 4 months) and gain 250 g / day. Weekly the body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW), body length (BL), withers height (WH), hip height (HH), rump width (RW), Chest width (CW), chest girth (CG), scrotal circumference (SC), testicular length (TL), width of testis (WT), testicular thickness (TT), length of the tail of the epididymis (LTE), width of the tail of the epididymis (LTE), thickness of the tail of the epididymis (TTE) and thickness of the scrotum (TS) were measured. Testicular volume was calculated from the cylinder formula (V = 2 [(r2) Π x h]). Testicular shape was calculated as the ratio of the width/length and classified as long if the ratio is less than or equal to 0.5, long-moderate if is between 0.510 and 0.625, moderate-oval if is between 0.626 and 0.750, oval-spherical if is between 0.751 and 0.875, and spherical when the ratio is greater than 0.875. Regarding the metabolic profile, blood samples were collected fortnightly, and in the laboratory were analyzed and quantified the levels of albumin, total protein, globulin, total cholesterol, glucose, urea, inorganic phosphate and magnesium. Regarding biometric measurements, linear effect was found for all variables with increasing forage:concentrate ratio. Regarding testicular shape, there was a predominance of long/spherical form, however, from the collection 5 there was a homogeneity in long/spherical and long/oval forms. In this paper, biometric measurements showed correlations ranging from 0.527 to 0.983, being the most significant, ECC x PT, r = 0.94; ECC x PC, r = 0.92; PT x PC, r = 0.94;ECC x CC, r = 0.90; EN x CC, r = 0.89. Concerning the study of the metabolic profile was observed interaction of different inclusion levels of concentrate and collection time for concentrations of total protein, albumin, urea, cholesterol, phosphorus and magnesium, however, globulin and glucose did not suffer influence of diet nor the collection time. The inclusion of different levels of concentrate positively affects the growth of lambs. The body measurements can be used to estimate the reproductive development. The diets prepared according to the NRC did not meet completely the metabolic needs of the lambs. The metabolic profile is an excellent tool to adjust the nutritional management.
Neto, Jaime Martins de Sousa. "Characterization of sheep and goat farming production systems in the brazilian northeasth." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16345.
Full textThe research aims to characterize this the creation of small ruminants in northeastern Brazil. To this end, initially we aimed to analyze the importance of cluster analysis for characterization of small ruminant production systems, using as a methodological tool to literature. Thus, it was observed that the cluster analysis methodology to characterize the animal production systems, is a technique used worldwide to identify the successful cases, advantageous aspects and obstacles in order to support programs that facilitate the leverage of farming. Subsequently, based on data collected from field research through interviews with 224 farmers in four northeastern states, it used the cluster analysis technique called cluster analysis, aimed specifically identify the homogeneous groups and check leveraging factors and restrictors groups in relation to the general characteristics of the producer and his property, the composition of herds, the socioeconomic aspects of producer and practices related to reproductive management, food and health. Thus, five homogeneous groups have been identified (or clusters) of small ruminant producers in northeastern Brazil. Group I represents 25% of the producers examined, where farms have little area, however, high stocking density, highlighting the presence of cattle more quantitative in that group, characterized as "small farms focused on milk production ". Group II contains 20% of analyzed producers, with the quantitative smaller herds among the groups, lower adoption of management practices and a higher frequency of exclusive breeders of goats and sheep, being defined as "small flocks not technified". Group III is the largest group, comprising 28% of respondents creators, where the goat herd significantly exceeds the sheep flock, being named as "traditional goat farmers". Group IV absorbs 16% of the most experienced producers, with the largest areas of observed properties, showing also a larger quantity of animals and a higher percentage of adoption of management practices, which are defined as "large farms technicality". Group V covers 11% of the youngest producers, the lowest group analyzed where mixed farms of sheep, goats and cattle are most frequent, representing 33% of producers in that group, named "emerging mixed farms." There was generally an increase in all groups regarding the feeding management used by Northeastern producers caused by the promotion of the development of the rural sector policies. They identified some obstacles to be overcome, especially with regard to reproductive health and herd management.
A pesquisa realizada neste pretendeu caracterizar a criaÃÃo de pequenos ruminantes na RegiÃo Nordeste do Brasil. Para tanto, inicialmente, teve como objetivo analisar a importÃncia da anÃlise de clusters para caracterizaÃÃo de sistemas de produÃÃo de pequenos ruminantes, utilizando-se como ferramenta metodolÃgica a pesquisa bibliogrÃfica. Dessa forma, observou- se que a metodologia de anÃlise de clusters, visando à caracterizaÃÃo dos sistemas de produÃÃo animal, à uma tÃcnica utilizada no mundo todo, visando identificar os casos exitosos, aspectos vantajosos e impedimentos, de forma a subsidiar aÃÃes que propiciem a alavancagem da atividade agropecuÃria. Posteriormente, a partir de dados coletados de uma pesquisa de campo, por meio de entrevistas com 224 produtores de quatro estados nordestinos, utilizou-se a tÃcnica de anÃlise de agrupamento denominada de anÃlise de clusters, visando, especificamente, identificar os grupos homogÃneos existentes e verificar os fatores alavancadores e restritores dos grupos em relaÃÃo Ãs caracterÃsticas gerais do produtor e de sua propriedade, à composiÃÃo dos rebanhos, aos aspectos socioeconÃmicos dos produtores e Ãs prÃticas relativas ao manejo reprodutivo, alimentar e sanitÃrio. Dessa forma, foram identificados cinco grupos homogÃneos (ou clusters) de produtores de pequenos ruminantes na RegiÃo Nordeste do Brasil. O grupo I representa 25% dos produtores analisados, onde as fazendas tÃm pouca Ãrea, no entanto, elevada densidade animal, destacando-se a presenÃa do rebanho bovino com maior quantitativo nesse agrupamento, caracterizando-se como âpequenas fazendas centradas na produÃÃo de leiteâ. O grupo II contÃm 20% dos produtores analisados, apresentando os menores quantitativos de rebanhos dentre os grupos, menor adoÃÃo de prÃticas de manejo e a maior frequÃncia de criatÃrios exclusivos de caprinos e ovinos, sendo definido como âpequenos rebanhos nÃo tecnificadosâ. O grupo III à o maior grupo, contendo 28% dos criadores entrevistados, onde o rebanho caprino supera sensivelmente o rebanho ovino, sendo nomeado como âcaprinocultores tradicionaisâ. O grupo IV absorve 16% dos produtores mais experientes, com as maiores Ãreas de propriedades observadas, apresentando, tambÃm, um maior quantitativo de animais e um maior percentual de adoÃÃo de prÃticas de manejo, sendo definidos como âgrandes fazendas tecnificadasâ. O grupo V abrange 11% dos produtores mais jovens, sendo o menor grupo analisado, onde os criatÃrios mistos de ovinos, caprinos e bovinos sÃo de maior frequÃncia, representando 33% dos produtores desse grupo, nomeado de âcriatÃrios mistos emergentesâ. Verificou-se, em geral, uma evoluÃÃo em todos os grupos no tocante ao manejo alimentar utilizado pelos produtores nordestinos, provocada por polÃticas de promoÃÃo do desenvolvimento do setor rural. Identificaram-se alguns entraves a serem superados, em especial no tocante ao manejo reprodutivo e sanitÃrio dos rebanhos.
SOUSA, Francisco David Nascimento. "Detecção de Ureaplasma spp. e Mycoplasma agalactiae pela técnica da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) em sêmen de reprodutores ovinos." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6253.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2017-02-09T12:22:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco David Nascimento Sousa.pdf: 1748878 bytes, checksum: f75f899a3117c09975b8cfcef18e67a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-08
The objective of this study was to detect the DNA of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma agalactiae in sheep semen by the technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Were analyzed 240 samples, 120 frozen semen obtained from central artificial insemination (AI) and 120 fresh semen of breeding sheep from the states of Alagoas, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte collected during the Northeastern Exposure animals in Recife. After collection of the samples were carried out DNA extraction and detection of genomic DNA of the agents studied. For the first time in Brazil, was detected the presence of agents Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma agalactiae in samples of frozen semen of sheep. Samples of frozen semen, DNA was detected Ureaplasma spp. in 2.5% (3/120) and Mycoplasma agalactiae of 4.2% (5/120). For fresh semen was detected DNA of Ureaplasma spp. in 8.3% (10/120) of the samples and 6.7% (8/120) of Mycoplasma agalactiae When evaluating the association between the type of semen and DNA detection for Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma agalactiae, a significant association was observed only for Ureaplasma spp. (p = 0.046), being more common detection of this micro-organism in fresh semen samples. We also observed positive samples Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma agalactiae from the states of Paraíba, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte. All samples from the states of Alagoas and Ceará results were negative. Results obtained in this study, there is the presence of DNA of these microorganisms in semen of the breedings sheep. Thus, it is suggested that techniques for detecting these agents must be used in insemination centers and breeding sheep with high genetic potential to maximize the efficiency of the sheep reproduction by preventing the spread of these pathogens.
Objetivou-se com este estudo detectar o DNA de Ureaplasma spp. e Mycoplasma agalactiae em sêmen de ovinos pela técnica da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). Foram analisadas 240 amostras, sendo 120 de sêmen congelado obtidas de centrais de inseminação artificial (IA) e 120 de sêmen fresco de reprodutores ovinos provenientes dos estados de Alagoas, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco e Rio Grande do Norte coletados durante a realização da Exposição nordestina de animais em Recife,PE. Após a colheita das amostras, foram realizadas a extração de DNA e detecção de DNA genômico dos agentes estudados. Pela primeira vez no Brasil, foi detectada a presença dos agentes Ureaplasma spp. e Mycoplasma agalactiae em amostras de sêmen congelado da espécie ovina. Nas amostras de sêmen congelado, detectou-se DNA de Ureaplasma spp. em 2,5% (3/120) e de Mycoplasma agalactiae em 4,2% (5/120). Para o sêmen fresco, detectou-se DNA de Ureaplasma spp. em 8,3% (10/120) das amostras analisadas e 6,7% (8/120) de Mycoplasma agalactiae Ao avaliar a associação entre o tipo de sêmen e a detecção de DNA para Ureaplasma spp. e Mycoplasma agalactiae, observou-se associação significativa somente para Ureaplasma spp. (p= 0,046), sendo mais comum a detecção deste micro-organismo em amostras de sêmen fresco. Foram observadas ainda, amostras positivas para Ureaplasma spp. e Mycoplasma agalactiae provenientes dos estados da Paraíba, Pernambuco e Rio Grande do Norte. Todas as amostras oriundas dos estados de Alagoas e do Ceará obtiveram resultados negativos. Diante dos resultados obtidos neste estudo, constata-se a presença de DNA destes micro-organismos em sêmen de reprodutores ovinos. Desta forma, sugere-se que técnicas para detecção desses agentes sejam utilizadas em centrais de inseminação e em reprodutores ovinos com alto potencial genético, maximizando a eficiência da prática na reprodução de ovinos, evitando a disseminação destes patógenos.
Gregório, Hirla Carneiro dos Santos. "Composição bromatológica e perfil fermentativo da cana-de-açúcar in natura e ensilada hidrolisada com cal virgem." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2008. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/12969.
Full textO objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis (0; 1; 1,5 e 2%) de óxido de cálcio (CaO) e de diferentes tempos de hidrólise (0, 6, 12, 24 e 48 horas) na composição bromatológica da cana-de-açúcar fresca e ensilada e no perfil fermentativo dessa forrageira. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições para cada tratamento e as análises de variância foram feitas através do programa Sisvar (Teste de Tukey, 5% de significância). Amontoados de cana (variedade IAC 86-2480) foram tratados com 0; 1; 1,5 e 2% de CaO e amostras foram coletadas de cada tratamento após 0, 6, 12, 24 e 48 horas da adição de cal virgem. Parte da cana tratada foi ensilada em silos de laboratório os quais foram abertos 30 dias mais tarde. As seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra bruta (FB), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), lignina (LIG), extrato etéreo (EE), matéria mineral (MM), extrato não nitrogenado (ENN), fósforo (P), cálcio (Ca), celulose (CEL), hemicelulose (HEM), nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), ácidos graxos voláteis (AGV), lactato, nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) e pH. Para a cana-de-açúcar fresca o tratamento com 1% de CaO foi suficiente para reduzir FB, FDA e FDN e aumentar MM, Ca e P, no tempo 0. Após 6h de hidrólise com 1; 1,5 ou 2% de CaO a LIG foi reduzida e após 24 h a MS aumentou e CEL e HEM diminuíram. A adição de cal principalmente nas maiores doses foi capaz de reduzir a concentração de ácido acético e aumentar as concentrações dos ácidos propiônico, butírico, lático, N-NH3 e pH. Os maiores teores de PB foram observados na forragem não aditivada.
Mestre em Ciências Veterinárias
Yanaka, Rodrigo [UNESP]. "Determinação do período de absorção de imunoglobulinas pela mucosa intestinal de cabritos: influência do tempo decorrido entre o nascimento e a ingestão de colostro nos parâmetros bioquímicos, hemogasométricos e imunológicos de caprinos recém-nascidos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92208.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar o período de absorção intestinal de macromoléculas colostrais em cabritos alimentados com colostro bovino e caprino, e avaliar a variação dos parâmetros bioquímicos, hemogasométricos e imunológicos de cabras e cabritos no período até 75 dias pós-parto. Para tanto, determinaram-se as concentrações séricas de proteína total (refratometria), separação eletroforética das frações protéicas (eletroforese em acetato de celulose), imunoglobulina G (IgG) bovina e caprina (imunodifusão radial), as atividades séricas de aspartatoaminotransferase (AST), fosfatase alcalina (FA), gamaglutamiltransferase (GGT), os teores de creatinina e ureia, e os valores hemogasométricos e glicêmicos, nos momentos zero, dois, sete, 15, 30 e 75 dias pós-parto. Os cabritos que ingeriram colostro bovino até 12 horas pós-nascimento adquiriram títulos regulares de imunoglobulinas. Após 22 horas pós-parto, os cabritos não tiveram absorção adequada de macromoléculas colostrais, sendo classificados como portadores de falha de transferência de imunidade passiva. Aos 75 dias, todos os cabritos possuíam inadequadas concentrações de IgG. Os cabritos alimentados com colostro caprino tiveram concentrações mais elevadas de IgG quando comparados aos daqueles que ingeriram colostro bovino. Aos dois dias pósnascimento a concentração de GGT teve correlação significativa com a IgG, podendo, esta enzima, ser utilizada na avaliação da transferência de imunidade passiva. As cabras e os cabritos tiveram variações protéicas, bioquímicas e hemogasométricas até os 75 dias pós-parto, com pouca relevância clínica.
The aims of this study was to determine the absorption period of colostrum macromolecules by intestinal wall of goat kids fed bovine or caprine colostrum, and evaluate the variation of biochemistry, blood gas and immunologic parameters of goats and kids at post-partum period until 75 days. To accomplish these objectives the serum concentrations of total protein (refractometry), electrophoretic proteins fractions separation (acetate cellulose electrophoresis), bovine and caprine immunoglobulin G (IgG) by radial immunodiffusion assay, biochemicals assays for aspartateaminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT), creatinine and urea, hole blood assays for blood gas parameters and glycemia were determined at zero, two, seven, 15, 30 and 75 days postpartum. Kids which fed bovine colostrum until 12 hours after birth have acquired regular immunoglobulins titres. After 22 hours postpartum kids didn’t presented adequate absorption of colostrum macromolecules, being classified as failure of passive immunity transference. Although all kids presented bovine IgG at 75 days after birth, their low concentrations doesn’t provide adequate protection. Kids fed caprine colostrum presented higher concentrations of IgG compared to those fed bovine colostrum. At two days after birth GGT concentration correlated significantly with IgG, so it can be used as passive immunity predictor. Goats and kids had variations on protein, biochemical and blood gas variables until 75 days postpartum, but with physiological and/or nutritional causes, these findings had little clinical relevance for the animals.
Mazon, Madeline Rezende. "Efeito da castração e do tempo de confinamento no desempenho, características de carcaça e qualidade de carne de cordeiros cruzados Dorper x Santa Inês." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-25032013-144243/.
Full textThe intensification of the production system of sheep meat is influenced by some management techniques such as castration and confinement system, aiming to produce better sensory and nutritional quality desired by consumers and more profitable for the producer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate performance, carcass characteristics and meat sensory quality and fatty acid profile of lamb meat from non-castrated and castrated slaughtered at different periods of confinement. We used 48 male Dorper x St. Agnes with 32.3 ± 5.04 kg body weight and 104 days old at the start of the experiment. The animals were housed two per cage according to the initial weight (block) and after 14 days of adaptation to site were fed a diet containing 75% whole grain corn, 20% protein pellet mineral and 5% grass hay Coast cross. The animals were weaned at 90 days of age and after adjustment twenty-four animals were castrated with burdizzo to 113 days of age. The food and leftovers were weighed daily for determinations of dry matter and feed efficiency. The animals were weighed at baseline and every 14 days. We lost two experimental plots. The animals were killed after 36 or 78 days of confinement (half of each sex) to determine the characteristics of the carcass and meat and samples were taken from m. Longissimus for analysis of fatty acid profile and sensory evaluation with trained panel. In view of the results obtained for young lambs this type of intersection and fed this diet, the animals were not castrated best performance, carcass characteristics and meat castrated, have sensory quality were few significant results while in acid profile acids were effects and interactions between the sexual condition and the time of confinement, indicating that castrated animals slaughtered at 36 days had a more lean meat, with higher n-3 and relationship AGP: AGS.
Welter, Katiéli Caroline. "Extratos de plantas como aditivos naturais na dieta de cordeiros em terminação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-12022019-091506/.
Full textTThe present study aimed to evaluate the effect of natural additives, oregano essential oil and acacia taniniferous extract, in the diet of feedlot lambs on productive performance and meat quality. Thirty-six male lambs (not-castrated) from crossbreeding Dorper × Santa Inês × Texel, weaned, averring 90 d of age and 27 ± 2.8 kg body weight were used through 53 d of feedlot period in a randomized block design, were weigh at weaning was the block criteria. The lambs were distributed into three treatments with 12 repetitions. All treatments were based on a regular diet (control), where natural plants extracts were designated to following treatments: 1) control (without additive), 2) control diet + oregano essential oil (1 ml/kg of concentrate), 3) control diet + acacia taniniferous extract (5% DM). Diets were formulated as 30:70 forage:concentrate ratio. Lambs were designated to slaughter averring 143 days of age and 42,81 ± 3,97 kg body weight. The nutrient intake and digestibility and productive performance (total body weight gain, average daily body weight gain and production and carcass yield) of lambs fed oregano essential oil were similar to those fed control diet. However, lambs fed acacia taniniferous extract had lower DM intake (DMI), and reduced by 19%, 20% and 50% the total apparent digestibility of DM, OM and NDF, respectively, compared to lambs fed control diet. Meat of lambs fed oregano essential oil was more luminous, however tended to be stronger. Oregano essential oil changed the centesimal composition of meat and TBARS, but increased concentration of DHA fatty acid by 13% compared to control treatment. Acacia taniniferous extract also increased the luminosity of meat, but reduced by 4% meat CP content and TBARS concentration by 28%, in relation to control treatment. Acacia taniniferous extract tended to increase vaccenic acid and omega 3 content. Additionally, taniniferous extract increased by 27% the total CLA, compared to control and oregano essential oil. We can conclude that the inclusion of oregano essential oil in the diet of feedlot lambs does not change productive efficiency and increase the luminosity of meat, although results in stronger meat; whereas the inclusion of acacia taniniferous extract reduce productive performance, but increase the quality of lipid fraction and antioxidant of meat.
Sucupira, Maria Claudia Araripe. "Estudo comparativo de exames clínico-laboratoriais no diagnóstico de carência energética prolongada em garrotes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-13082018-111857/.
Full textIn order to compare laboratory diagnosis indicators of energetic deficit and evaluate their influence in the clinical picture, 12 steers were randomly distributed in 3 groups of 4 animals, which received the following diets for 140 days : (G1) adequate diet for weight gain of 900g/day (CP: 13% and DE: 17,7 Mcal/d); (G2) 80% of the maintenance requirements (CP: 7% and DE: 5,8 Mcal/d); (G3) 60% of the same requirements (CP: 5% and DE: 4,7 Mcal/d). Two animals from G3 died by the end of the experiment. The nutritional deficit led to lower feed intake and a decrease in the body condition score; without changing body weight. Although the rumen volume was similar in all three groups, the rates of liquid passage and ruminal turnover were lower in G2 and G3. The energetic deficit led to a reduced rumen production of total and fractions of volatile fatty acids. The time of blue methylene reduction in the rumen juice was longer, whereas the index of urinary excretion of allantoin and uric acid was lower in G2 and G3. The best indicators of the energetic status were glycemia and the plasma level of β-hydroxybutirate, which were both reduced during the deficit energetic. NEFA levels were not effective, due to the high variability of the results. Ketone bodies were not detected in the urine. Hematocrit and serum levels of urea, albumin, globulin and creatinin were not useful for malnutrition diagnosis, but the index of urinary excretion of urea was decreased, indicating that malnourished bodies were keeping Nitrogen. The energetic deficit caused a gradual decrease in cardiac rates , falling to 30 beats/min in advanced deficit of energy. Reduced respiratory frequency and rumen tonus was also altered in this condition. Low glycemia was related to decreased heart beat frequency (r=0.55), to respiratory frequency (r=0.49) and to rumen tonus (r=0.81). The rectal temperature remained within normal values; however hypothermia was detected preceding death. Taking into account costs and friendly usage of assays, we suggest the analysis of glucose, plasma β-hydroxybutirate, time of reduction of methylene blue in the rumen juice, and index of urinary excretion of uric acid for the diagnosis of energetic deficit.
Pereira, Flávia Thomaz Verechia. "Desenvolvimento do placentônio em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis bubalisLinnaeus, 1758)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-06082007-092614/.
Full textThe ruminant placenta has an uniform gross structure based on specialized areas of feto-maternal membrane apposition and proliferation: the placentons. By exerting a fundamental role for the development of the pregnancy, these structures have been very well studied in several domestic species of commercial interest. Particularly in the buffalo, however, there is no consistent data with relationship the functional capabilities of this structure or even, the villus architeture in the individual placenton and their metabolic exchange efficacy that characterize the placentation process. One previous macroscopy study on the placenta of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis bubalis) has shown that the number of the placentons is 92 aproximately during pregnancy, but the fine morphology and development of such structures were not studied in all phases of pregnancy. So, in this work, the placentons of pregnant buffaloes on months 4-5, 7-8 and 9-10 were morphologically characterized. The specimens were sectioned and fixed by immersion in either a 4 % paraformaldehyde or in 2.5 % glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer for light and electron microscopy, respectively. After 24 h, the placentons were cut and processed for embedding in paraplast, historesin or Spurr\'s resin. Sections were stained by HE, Toluidine Blue, Gomori\'s and Mallory\'s trichromes, Methilene Blue and Basic Fucsin and submitted to PAS reaction. In all periods of the pregnancy, we found placentons of different shapes and sizes, with a gross structure similar to the bovine placenton, but more flattened. Apparently, during the progress of the pregnancy, the placentons maintained the same gross morphology but with increased dimensions. At light microscopy, the interface between the trophoblast and the uterine epithelium is extremely irregular forming a fetal villous tree that indents the endometrium. The trophoblast consists of a simple layer of individual cells where binucleated cells are interposed into the remaining trophoblast cells. The axis of the villous tree is fundamentally formed by loose connective tissue, whereas the internal axis of the epithelial folds presented a connective tissue rich in collagen fibers. When compared to early phases of the pregnancy, the villus tree on months 9-10 is much more branched and the materno-fetal interface closely appositioned. Still, in the feto-maternal junction in late pregnancy were found regions of hematomes and erythrophagocytosis. Ultrastructurally, we also observed: the intense vascularization of the fetal villous, binucleated cells presenting a much developed GER (granular endoplasmic reticulum) and Golgi complex, indicating intense secretory activity. The trophoblastic cells showed junctions (desmossomes), euchromatic nuclei and 2 evident nucleoli. The trophoblast and the uterine epithelium were close associated by interdigitated microvilli.
Hasegawa, Marjorie Yumi. "Estudo comparativo entre as formas clínicas e relação com as variantes do vírus da Artrite-Encefalite Caprina isoladas no Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-10122010-152407/.
Full textCaprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is an infectious disease, multisystem caused by a lentivirus, and infects goats of all ages, regardless of sex, race and types of economic production. The main symptoms are leukoencephalomyelitis, arthritis, chronic interstitial pneumonia and interstitial mastitis induration. CAE has a worldwide distribution in the State of São Paulo is widely disseminated in the goat herd. Aiming to deepen knowledge about the virus caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAEV) studies will be performed sequencing of part of the cDNA and phylogenetic analysis of samples detected in organs, synovial fluid, semen and milk of goats naturally infected and seropositive AGID test for CAE virus and to correlate genetic variants with the symptoms, the clinical form of preferential and pathogenicity. For the phylogenetic study will be amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced, part of the pol gene and the gene tat of the samples. This study will allow the knowledge of existing viral strains in goat herd in the state of Sao Paulo and its pathogenicity. The analysis of mutations found by analyzing the phylogenetic analysis of the virus may show if the variant has found a predilection for a particular clinical expression. The gene sequencing will allow, in future, greater efficiency in the production of viral antigens for serodiagnosis and vaccines from the circulating strains found.
Nogueira, Ricardo Galbiatti Sandoval. "Enteric and feces methane emissions, fermentative ruminal parameters and feeding behavior of cattle fed cottonseed and vitamin E." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-02052017-125157/.
Full textA problemática das emissões de gases de efeito estufa atribuída à produção de bovinos e melhorias na produtividade desses animais vem crescendo e se tornando cada vez mais importante. Bovinos emitem metano como parte do seu processo digestivo, e isto representa perda de energia para o animal. A decomposição das fezes gera metano, este pode ser recuperado por biodigestores e transformado em diferentes tipos de energia. Assim, objetivou-se quantificar o potencial de produção do metano entérico e da decomposição anaeróbia das fezes, bem como avaliar parâmetros ruminais e comportamentais de bovinos alimentados com caroço de algodão e vitamina E. Foram utilizadas seis vacas fistuladas não gestantes e não lactantes (876 kg±16). Os tratamentos foram: 1) Controle: dieta basal; 2) CA: dieta basal mais 30% de caroço de algodão; 3) CAVitE: dieta basal mais 30% de caroço de algodão mais 500 UI vitamina E. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o quadrado latino. Os resultados foram comparados por contrastes ortogonais e foram considerados significantes valores de P0,05. Não foram verificadas diferenças para o consumo de matéria seca (MS), bem como digestibilidade da MS e da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). Os animais suplementados com caroço de algodão passaram maior tempo comendo e ruminando e menor tempo em ócio. Houve redução na concentração e produção de acetato, butirato e da relação acetato:propionato dos animais que receberam caroço de algodão comparado ao controle. A inclusão do caroço de algodão provocou mitigação das emissões de metano entérico. Houve alteração nas características dos substratos utilizados para abastecer os biodigestores. No entanto, não foram verificadas diferenças para a produção total de biogás, rendimento de metano e capacidade dos biodigestores em recuperar a energia das fezes na forma de metano. A inclusão de 30% caroço de algodão pode ser utilizada como estratégia para mitigar metano entérico, sem causar perdas no consumo, digestibilidade dos alimentos e na biodigestão anaeróbia das fezes. Além disso, sua inclusão promoveu alterações favoráveis no comportamento ingestivo, nos produtos da fermentação ruminal, bem como na partição de energia do trato gastrointestinal. A vitamina E quando utilizada como antioxidante não possui efeitos sobre a fermentação ruminal, comportamento ingestivo e biodigestão anaeróbia das fezes, assim sua inclusão não é indicada devido a ausência de resultados favoráveis a sua utilização.
Rocha, Cristiane Nunes Coelho da. "Efic?cia da associa??o de abamectina com fluazuron no controle de Rhipicephalus microplus, Dermatobia hominis e nemat?ides gastrointestinais em bovinos." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2093.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2017-10-16T12:11:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Cristiane Nunes Coelho da Rocha.pdf: 2134676 bytes, checksum: 7d111f5f6a4f012cde150c537673a52f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-21
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The purpose of the research was to evaluate the efficacy of association abamectin 0.6% with fluazuron 3.0% in control of Rhipicephalus microplus, Dermatobia hominis and gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle. For this, there were five tests in which the control group animals received no treatment, while animals in the treated group received the formulation within the association in a single dose of 600 mcg of abamectin and 3 mg of fluazuron per Kg of body weight by route ?pour-on?. As to acaricide efficacy, two tests were conducted, one using artificially infested cattle and other naturally infested by Rhipicephalus microplus. In the same manner, a test was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the product in test front of Dermatobia hominis naturally infested cattle. And two tests anthelmintic efficacy in infected cattle naturally and artificially by gastrointestinal nematodes. The mean of the carrapaticide efficacy for cattle artificially infested with R. microplus over the 23 days after treatment was 87,40%. The preventive effectiveness results of 98,12%; 98,68%; 98,36%; 97,88%; 96,76%; 96,45%; 96,84%; 97,03%; 95,36% and 87,07% respectively for the experimental days +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49, +56, +63, +70. The acaricide effectiveness for naturally infested cattle by R. microplus was 96,30%; 96,90%; 95,98%; 96,83%; 98,32%; 96,12%; 96,15%; 98,8%; 97,18%, 99,12%; 97,18%; 98,04% and 77,50%, respectively for the experimental days +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49, +56, +63, +70, +77, +84 and +91 for the treated group. The efficacy of the test product to D. hominis was 90,70% and 96,84% for days +7 and +14. The values of anthelmintic efficacy in naturally infected cattle with gastrointestinal nematodes was 92,17%; 89,32%; 87,38% respectively for the experimental days +7, +14, +21 for the treated group. For cattle artificially infected by gastrointestinal nematodes the efficacy was 92,59%; 97,62%; 87,82%; 86,96%; 96,00% respectively for Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata, Cooperia pectinata and Oesophagostomum radiatum. The association abamectin 0.6% with fluazuron 3.0% was effective in artificially infested cattle and naturally infested by R. microplus, as well as demonstrates efficacy for D. hominis. The test product showed efficacy also in the reduction the eggs counts per gram of feces (EPG) in cattle naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes, as well as shown to be effective front of artificial infections with H. placei, T. axei and O. radiatum and has presented moderately effective against C. pectinata and C. punctata
O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a efic?cia da associa??o de abamectina 0.6% com fluazuron 3.0% controle de Rhipicephalus microplus, Dermatobia hominis e nemat?ides gastrointestinais em bovinos. Para isso, foram realizados cinco ensaios, nos quais os animais do grupo controle n?o receberam tratamento, enquanto que os animais do grupo tratado receberam a formula??o da associa??o na dose ?nica de 600 mcg de abamectina com 3 mg de fluazuron por Kg de peso corporal, por meio de via ?pour-on?. Quanto ? atividade carrapaticida, foram conduzidos dois ensaios, um utilizando bovinos artificialmente infestados e outro naturalmente infestados por Rhipicephalus microplus. Da mesma forma, foi realizado um ensaio para avaliar a efic?cia do produto em teste frente a Dermatobia hominis em bovinos infestados naturalmente e dois ensaios de efic?cia anti-helm?ntica em bovinos naturalmente e artificialmente infectados por nemat?ides gastrointestinais. A m?dia da efic?cia carrapaticida para bovinos artificialmente infestados por R. microplus ao longo dos 23 dias ap?s o tratamento foi de 87,40%. O resultado da efic?cia preventiva foi de 98,12%; 98,68%; 98,36%; 97,88%; 96,76%; 96,45%; 96,84%; 97,03%; 95,36%; e 87,07% respectivamente para os dias experimentais +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49, +56, +63, +70. A efic?cia carrapaticida para bovinos naturalmente infestados por R. microplus foi de 96,30%; 96,90%; 95,98%; 96,83%; 98,32%; 96,12%; 96,15%; 98,8%; 97,18%, 99,12%; 97,18%; 98,04% e 77,50%, respectivamente para os dias experimentais +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49, +56, +63, +70, +77, +84 e +91 para o grupo tratado. A efic?cia do produto em teste para D. hominis foi de 90,70% e 96,84%, para os dias +7 e +14. Os valores de efic?cia anti-helm?ntica em bovinos naturalmente infectados por nemat?ides gastrointestinais foi de 92,17%; 89,32%; 87,38% respectivamente para os dias experimentais +7, +14, +21 para o grupo tratado. Para bovinos artificialmente infectados por nemat?ides gastrointestinais, a efic?cia foi de 92,59%; 97,62%; 87,82%; 86,96%; 96,00% respectivamente para Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia punctata, Cooperia pectinata e Oesophagostomum radiatum. A associa??o de abamectina 0.6% com fluazuron 3.0% demonstrou ser eficaz em bovinos artificialmente e naturalmente infestados por R. microplus, assim como apresentou efic?cia para D. hominis. O produto em teste apresentou efic?cia tamb?m na redu??o de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) em bovinos naturalmente infectados por nemat?ides gastrointestinais, assim como, demonstrou ser efetivo frente a infec??es artificiais por H. placei, T. axei e O. radiatum, e apresentou-se moderadamente efetivo frente a C. pectinata e C. punctata.
Raposo, Manuel André Bergano. "Patologia e clínica de animais de produção." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/26363.
Full textVasquez, Diana Carolina Zapata. "Inclusão de monensina ou tanino na dieta de bovinos sobre a emissão de metano determinada pela técnica do gás traçador SF6." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-26012016-112150/.
Full textThe emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) is a major cause of global warming, being a worldwide concern in recent decades. Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are the main greenhouse gases and ruminants are one of the major contributors to the production of these gases around the world, due to the enteric fermentation process. In the search for strategies to reduce methane emissions and to improve animal productivity, food additives have been used in animal diets lately. Thus, the aim of this trial was to assess the inclusion of food additives on methane emissions in cattle, using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique, as well as on dry matter intake, rumen dynamics and total and differential counts of ruminal protozoa. Six non-pregnant and non-lactating rumen-cannulated cows (784 ± 87 kg) were assigned to a replicated 3x3 Latin square (18 experimental units). Treatments were: 1) Control (CON) basal diet with no additive inclusion; 2) Monensin (MON) addition of 300 mg of sodium monensin per animal per day, 3) Tannin (TAN) addition of 68 g of concentrated extract of condensed tannin (Acacia mearnsii) per animal per day. The animals were fed total mixed ration twice daily. Each experimental period consisted of 21 days the first 10 days were used for diet adaptation. From day 16 up to 21, data about dry matter intake and methane production were collected, the latter done every 24 hours using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique. On the day 21, ruminal content was sampled for protozoa determination. Regarding the rumen dynamics, the rumen was emptied on days 10 (3 hours post-morning feeding) and 11 (right before morning feeding) of each experimental period. The results were analyzed by MIXED procedure; the model included the effect of treatment as fixed factor and the effects of period, square and animal within square as random factors. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) among treatments for dry mater intake variables, nor for ruminal dynamics parameters (ruminal content dry matter, liquid mass, solid mass, total mass or disappearance rate). Methane emission (expressed in g/day, g/kg LW, g/kg LW0.75 or Mcal/Ani/day) was lower for the group receiving monensin compared to the control group. For total and differential counts of protozoa, the additives affected the Diplodiniinae subfamily, i.e. monensin decreased the count of this subfamily by 27.5%, compared to tannin. Regarding the Isotricha genus, treatments with monensin or tannin decreased it by 31 and 30% respectively, compared to the control treatment. The addition of monensin (17 mg/kg DMI) revealed to be an alternative to reduce the energy lost by methane production, as well as to decrease the protozoa, which host methanogen microorganisms. Regarding tannin (0.4% in the diet), it is believed that higher doses in the diet can lead to a reduction in methane emission
Hill, João Ari Gualberto. "Transferência de imunidade passiva colostral em bezerras neonatas da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, Palmeira e Carambeí, Estado do Paraná e suas interrelações." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-16122013-162358/.
Full textAdequate passive transfer of maternal immunoglobulin is important for optimal health and performance in newborn calves. Blood samples were collected from 354 dairy calves, ranging from 24 to 36 hours of age, between July 2005 and May 2006 on 10 farms in the middle-eastern region of the state of Parana, Brazil. The objective was to study the relationship and effectiveness of the transfer of colostral passive immunity and its contributing factors as related to the development and production of animals. For each sample collected, total serum protein was determined by the biuret method and albumin by bromocresol green method, and the difference was used to evaluate the globulins. Electrophoresis was used to determine the -globulin fraction of the sample. A multivariable analysis, including total serum protein, globulins and gamma globulin, was used to create 3 groups to classify the quality of the transfer of colostral passive immunity (cluster procedure, SAS): failure or inadequate group, marginal group and adequate group. During the study, breeders were asked to provide information on calf and pre-partum cow management practices, including details on colostrum feeding. Data from the calves while newborn and as heifers was gathered to determine the long and short term effect of the failure of passive immunity transfer (FPIT). Body condition score of the mother at calving, quantity of colostrum ingested, timing of ingestion, morbidity and mortality of calves and age at calving time were related to FPIT (P<0,05). The weight of the calves after birth and at one month of age and the frequency of calves that became cows in the farm were not directly related to failure. Dystocia, age at first service in days, and milk production did not differ statistically (P>0,05). However, when a regression was performed based on data of milk production from calves that had serum gamma globulins levels below 1,6g/dL, a correlation was identified (r2=0.47; P=0.0005). Basic management practices can prevent failure of passive immunity transfer by feeding calves 2 L of colostrum within 2 hours of life and ensuring that the cow calves with a good body condition score (BCS = 3 or 3.5). FPIT is responsible for higher morbidity and mortality rates, a delay in first parturition, a decrease in the number of replacement heifers and it can also be responsible for less milk production.
Costa, Marcus Roberto GÃes Ferreira. "Consumo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e comportamento ingestivo de ovinos com dietas à base de feno de juazeiro (Zizyphus joazeiro)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4337.
Full textAvaliaram-se o consumo, a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e o comportamento ingestivo de ovinos da raÃa Morada Nova, recebendo raÃÃes contendo nÃveis crescentes de feno de juazeiro em substituiÃÃo ao feno de capim-tifton 85 (0, 33, 67 e 100%). Utilizaramse dezesseis ovinos machos, nÃo castrados, com peso mÃdio de 26,75kg, alocados em gaiolas metabÃlicas individuais, distribuÃdos em um delineamento em blocos inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetiÃÃes. Os consumos de matÃria seca, matÃria orgÃnica, proteÃna bruta, extrato etÃreo, fibra em detergente neutro, carboidratos totais, carboidratos fibrosos, carboidratos nÃo fibrosos e nutrientes digestÃveis totais nÃo foram influenciados pela adiÃÃo do feno de juazeiro Ãs dietas, com valores mÃdios de 1.042,78 e 595,59 g/dia de matÃria seca e fibra em detergente neutro, respectivamente. Observou-se uma reduÃÃo linear para os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matÃria seca, matÃria orgÃnica, fibra em detergente neutro e carboidratos fibrosos. Para o coeficiente de digestibilidade da fibra em detergente Ãcido, observou-se uma reduÃÃo quadrÃtica. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade da proteÃna bruta, extrato etÃreo, carboidratos totais e carboidratos fibrosos nÃo apresentaram variaÃÃes significativas. O balanÃo de nitrogÃnio tambÃm nÃo foi influenciado e apresentou-se positivo para todos os tratamentos. A inclusÃo do feno de juazeiro nÃo influenciou o consumo de nutrientes nem o balanÃo de nitrogÃnio, porÃm reduziu o coeficiente de digestibilidade de alguns componentes da dieta. NÃo se verificou influencia da inclusÃo do feno de juazeiro no tempo despendido para alimentaÃÃo e ruminaÃÃo (min/dia), eficiÃncia de alimentaÃÃo e ruminaÃÃo (g de MS/h e g de FDN/h), dos ovinos em relaÃÃo Ãs dietas experimentais. NÃo houve diferenÃas para o nÃmero de refeiÃÃes/dia, bem como para nÃmeros de perÃodos ruminativos. O feno de juazeiro administrado juntamente com feno de gramÃneas convencionais pode ser uma estratÃgia alimentar para Ãpoca seca no semi-Ãrido nordestino
The intake, the apparent digestibility of nutrients and ingestive behavior of sixteen sheep of Morada Nova race with average weight of 26.75 kg, divided into individual metabolic cages, receiving diets containing crescent levels of juazeiro hay (0, 33, 67 and 100%) were evaluated. A casualized block experimental design with four treatment and four replications was used. Dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, carbohydrates fiber and non-fiber carbohydrates intakes were not influenced by addiction of juazeiro hay of the experimental diets, with average value in the 1042.78 and 595 g/day the dry mater and neutral detergent fiber, respectively. Observed a reduction linear for dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and carbohydrates fiber digestibility. For acid detergent fiber digestibility observed a reduction quadratic. The crude protein, ether extract, total carbohydrates, carbohydrates fiber digestibility did not present significant variation. The nitrogen balance was not influencing, present positive for treatments. The inclusion of juazeiro hay did not influencing the intake of nutrients, but it reduces the digestibility coefficient in some diet components. The inclusion of hay juazeiro did not influence the ingestive behavior of animals (P> 0.05). The juazeiro hay with convection grass hay is a feeding strategy for northwest semi-arid
Neto, Jaime Martins de Sousa. "Characterization and economic performance of production systems of sheep breed Morada Nova in the state of CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6268.
Full textO presente trabalho tem por objetivo principal efetuar a caracterizaÃÃo e avaliaÃÃo do desempenho econÃmico dos sistemas de produÃÃo de ovinos da raÃa Morada Nova no Estado do CearÃ. Para tanto foram aplicados questionÃrios junto aos produtores de ovinos da raÃa Morada Nova no Estado do CearÃ. Para caracterizaÃÃo tÃcnica, dividiu-se o sistema de produÃÃo de ovinos em quatro componentes: gerenciamento do produtor, infra-estrutura do sistema de produÃÃo, manejo dos rebanhos e desempenho dos rebanhos. Em seguida, foram determinados os Ãndices tecnolÃgicos para cada componente, separadamente e para o conjunto deles, com base na respectiva tecnologia recomendada. Para a caracterizaÃÃo socioeconÃmica dos produtores, foram analisados sete fatores, a saber: infra-estrutura e produÃÃo de volumosos, rebanhos e manejo de produÃÃo, produÃÃo, aspectos ambientais, mÃo-de-obra, crÃdito rural e administraÃÃo do empreendimento. A anÃlise econÃmica foi feita utilizando-se a metodologia do Sistema Integrado de Custos AgropecuÃrios â CUSTAGRI. Foram identificados quatro nÃveis tecnolÃgicos de sistemas de produÃÃo que foram usados para a anÃlise dos aspectos socioeconÃmicos, estimativas de custos e avaliaÃÃo de rentabilidade. Os sistemas de produÃÃo de ovinos Morados Nova mais tecnificados mostraram-se lucrativos e capazes de viabilizar o desenvolvimento sustentÃvel no meio rural, proporcionando a fixaÃÃo do homem no campo com emprego e renda. As principais dificuldades observadas pelos produtores estÃo ligadas à mÃo-de-obra desqualificada, polÃticas de crÃdito insuficientes e falta de polÃticas pÃblicas focadas na atividade.
This chapter has the aim to make the technical analysis of production systems in Morada Nova sheep to complement the project "Characterization and basis for the genetic improvement of sheep Morada Nova", coordinated by Embrapa Goats and Sheep, with the financial support of Banco do Nordeste (FUNDECI / ETENE). In order to achieve this objective, primary research was conducted with data collected through the application of questionnaires to the sheep farmers of the municip ality of Morada Nova, Cearà State. To assess the technological level, the system of sheep was divided into four components: the producer management, infrastructure, production system, herd management and performance of the herds. Next, we determined the te chnological indices for each component separately and for all of them, based on its recommended technology. We found four production systems baptized by the technology index for each producer, being called "high technology gap" - level D, "regular technolog ical gap" - level C, "low technology gap" - level B and "high art " - level A. It was found that 17% of farmers fall in the level A, 33% at level B, Level C in 33% and 17% at level D.
Bueno, Ives Cláudio da Silva. "Cinética digestiva e síntese microbiana ruminal em ovinos alimentados com fenos de três qualidades distintas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64132/tde-14012003-094711/.
Full textThe objective of this work was to evaluate hays of distinct nutritive values in sheep nutrition regarding to microbial synthesis capacity and digestive kinetics, through in vitro, in situ and in vivo assays, based in conventional and nuclear methodologies. Six Santa Inês sheep (LW = 40±5.7 kg) with rumen and duodenum cannulas were used. Alfalfa (ALF), signalgrass (BRA) and Tifton-85 (TIF) hays were chosen due to their crude protein (CP) content (respectively, 191, 29 and 75 g.kg-1 DM). Two experimental designs were used: Latin square (3 treatments, 3 periods and 6 animals) and complete factorial (3 substrata and 3 inocula). The first one was used for assays of voluntary intake (DMI), in situ rumen degradability, rumen parameters, apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, digesta transit and in vivo microbial protein transit and synthesis. The second one was used for in vitro assays of rumen degradability, gas production and microbial protein synthesis. Treatments presented differences (P < 0.05) in their chemical composition (DM, OM, NDF, hemicellulose, cellulose and CP). DMI of ALF was superior (P < 0.05) to BRA and TIF DMI and it reflected the strong relationship between intake and CP content in the diet. In situ and in vitro rumen degradabilities showed the poor fermentability of BRA, fact demonstrated by in vitro gas production technique. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between rumen pH values for animals fed with ALF, BRA or TIF, however, ammonia nitrogen concentration illustrated the importance of the dietary protein to guarantee a healthful rumen environment. Treatment BRA did not supply protein enough to supply the minimum amount of rumen soluble ammonia nitrogen. DM and OM apparent digestibility coefficients were superior (P < 0.05) for ALF. CP apparent digestibility presented differences (P < 0.05) between the three treatments, being ALF (0.694) the highest observed followed by TIF (0.500). CP apparent digestibility of BRA was practically null (0.001), indicating intense protein deficit, what it could be proven by nitrogen balance. The in vitro radiophosphorous incorporation for estimating the microbial synthesis showed that there was effect of inoculum (P = 0.0089), but not of period, substratum or inoculum*substratum interaction (P > 0.05). Purine derivatives technique, on the other hand, showed the differences in microbial synthesis capacity, where the greatest microbial production was observed for ALF. The general analysis of the results allowed to conclude that: i) DMI and apparent digestibility of hays were influenced by chemical composition of feeds, by microbial efficiency and by degradation, fermentation, passage and digestion kinetics; ii) feeds with low protein content had negative effect in sheep nutrient availability and in the maintenance of a healthful rumen environment; iii) in situ and in vitro techniques for estimating the degradation kinetics were compatible; and iv) fermentative kinetics (gas production) described with higher fidelity the feed degradation due to microbial activity.
Storillo, Vanessa Martins. "Perfil metabólico de cabras submetidas a transporte rodoviário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-22102013-144013/.
Full textAnimal transportation can trigger stress. Stress could compromise health and livestock welfare, as well increases the generation of reactive substances and raise the need for antioxidants. Age also affect the metabolism, because aging causes organic modifications that lead to functional impairment. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of short road transportation and age in goats, treated or not, with vitamins A, D and E. It were used 20 healthy female Boer goats, calved two months ago, with identical diet and management, divided in groups by age (1 to 4 years of age and 4 to 7 years) and distributed in groups of 10 animals. The transportation lasted 4 hours. Physical examination and blood collection were performed in times T0 (-15d); T1 (-8d); T2 (-3d); T3 (0h); T4 (4h); T5 (5h); T6 (7h) and T7 (6d) from transportation. In T1 and T2, 10 goats received, by intramuscular injection, 2 mL of complex with vitamins A, D and E and 10 animals received saline solution. It were collected the followings parameters: rectal temperature (RT); body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS); non esterified fatty acids (NEFA); β hydroxybutyrate (BHB); lactate L; urea; creatinine; total protein (TP); albumin; globulin; creatine phosphokinase (cK); AST; GGT; glucose; erithrogram; erythrocyte concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant status (TAS). There were no differences for the parameters TP, albumin, globulin, BW, BCS, NEFA, AST, GGT, creatinine, urea and erithrogram. The transportation decreased BHB, and it had shown no influence on TAS, but in T4, the younger goats had lower TAS than older ones. SOD was not affected by transport or treatment, but show greater concentration in young goats, and, only in this category, higher ECC leads to lower SOD. The stress was higher in 1 to 4 years goats. Road transportation of goats, even in appropriate conditions, trigger stress, verified by elevated blood glucose, lactate and RT, regardless of the administration of vitamins A, D and E, but they prevented the increase of cK, evident in the control groups.
Malaguez, Edgard Gonçalves. "Intensificação do manejo de campo nativo do bioma pampa na interface planta-animal e nutrição de bovinos." Universidade Federal do Pampa, 2018. http://dspace.unipampa.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riu/3384.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Marcos Anselmo (marcos.anselmo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2018-09-28T18:11:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Edgard Gonçalves Malaguez.pdf: 624903 bytes, checksum: 6111134e8079c358a6202f314465611a (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-28T18:11:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edgard Gonçalves Malaguez.pdf: 624903 bytes, checksum: 6111134e8079c358a6202f314465611a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018
O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os parâmetros que impactam na interface planta-animal e nutrição de bovinos em função dos diferentes níveis de intensificação da pastagem nativa do Bioma Pampa. O experimento teve início em agosto de 2015 e finalizado em maio de 2017. Porém, o processo das intensificações dos tratamentos começou em março de 2015. A área destinada para o experimento foi de aproximadamente 34 ha de pastagem natural. Foram avaliados os tratamentos: Campo nativo (CN); CN com calagem e adubação com fósforo e potássio (CNA); CNA com introdução de azevém anual (Lolium multiflorium) (40 kg ha-1 de sementes) e adubação nitrogenada correspondendo a 80 kg/ha/ano (CNAN); CNA com introdução de azevém anual e semeadura de leguminosas (CNAL). O grupo de animais foi constituído de novilhas em recria da raça Braford com peso aproximado no início do experimento de 136 kg de peso corporal. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completamente casualizados com duas repetições de área e quatro tratamentos totalizando oito unidades experimentais (UEs). No capítulo I, os períodos utilizados para as avaliações foram realizados em dois momentos distintos; março e outubro de 2016. Foram avaliadas as estruturas do dossel, qualidade da pastagem e os aspectos nutricionais. Foi evidenciado crescentes consumo e digestibilidade em outubro, nos tratamentos CNAN e CNAL, assim como a relação do consumo de proteína degradável no rúmen com consumo da matéria orgânica digestível (CPDR: CMOD) foram mais altas para este mesmo período, que consequentemente influenciou o ganho médio diário (GMD), com maiores ganhos nos tratamentos CNAN 0,627 kg/dia e CNAL com 0,574 kg/dia. No capítulo II, as coletas foram mensalmente durante todo o experimento. A digestibilidade da matéria orgânica (DMO) consumida pelas novilhas, foi maior nos tratamentos CNAN e CNAL 0,635 e 0,641 g/kg DMO, respectivamente. Porém, durante a primavera foi obtido a melhor DMO com média 0,653 g/kg de DMO. A concentração proteína bruta na dieta (CPB), apresentou comportamento semelhante ao DMO. Foi criado dois modelos com uso de regressões múltiplas considerado a análise de stepwise. O primeiro modelo utilizando a estrutura da pastagem e a digestibilidade permitiu explicar 42 % da variabilidade para GMD. No segundo modelo com as variáveis; CPDR:CMOD, CMOD e CMS determinaram o coeficiente de 87 %. Conclui-se que, há medida que se intensifica a pastagem nativa há um impacto da qualidade do alimento e nos parâmetros nutricionais dos ruminantes, que são determinantes para estimativa do desempenho.
The objective of this study to identify the parameters that affect the plant-animal interface and the nutrition of cattle due to the different strategies of intensification of the native pasture from Pampa Biome. The experiment started in August 2015 and ended in May 2017. However, the process of intensifying treatments began in March 2015. The area destined for the experiment is approximately 34 ha of natural pasture, average. The following treatments were evaluated: native pasture (NP); NP with liming and fertilization with phosphorus and potassium (NPF); NPF with introduction of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorium) (40 kg ha-1 of seeds) and nitrogen fertilization corresponding to 80 kg / ha / year (NPFRN); NPF with introduction of annual ryegrass and legume sowing (NPFRL). The animals were composed of Braford breed with approximate weight at the beginning of the experiment of 136 kg of body weight. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks with two replicates and four treatments totaling eight experimental units (EUs). In Chapter I, the periods used for the evaluations were carried out at two different times; March and October 2016. Were evaluated canopy structures, pasture quality and nutritional aspects. Increasing intake and digestibility were evidenced in October, in the NPFRN and NPFRL treatments, as well as the relation of the intake of degradable protein in the rumen with intake of the digestible organic matter (RDP:DOMI) were higher for this same period, that consequently influenced the average daily gain (ADG), with higher gains in the treatments NPFRN 0.627 kg/day and NPFRL with 0,574 kg/day. In Chapter II, the collections were monthly throughout the experiment. The digestibility of organic matter (DOM) consumed by heifers was higher in treatments NPFRN and NPFRL 0.635 and 0.641 g/kg DMO, respectively. However, during the spring the higher DOM was obtained with a mean of 0.653 g/kg. The crude protein concentration in the diet (CPC) presented similar behavior to DOM. Two models were created using multiple regressions considered stepwise analysis. The first model using the pasture structure and the digestibility allowed explaining 42% of the variability for ADG. In the second model with the variables: RDP:DOMI, DOMI and DMI determined the coefficient of 87%. It was conclude that, as native pasture intensifies, there is an impact on the quality of the food and on the nutritional parameters of ruminants, which are determinant for estimating performance.
Silva, Gilmar Lucio da. "Análise comparativa dos benefícios fiscais para exportação de rações de nutrição animal para países da América do Sul." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/156022.
Full textRejected by Neli Silvia Pereira null (nelisps@fcav.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que verifique normas de publicação da pós graduação para capa e página de rosto e que faça o depósito novamente, observando as normas do tutorial em relação ao título e palavras-chave. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-09-11T13:15:47Z (GMT)
Submitted by GILMAR LUCIO DA SILVA (gilmar.silva@hotmail.com) on 2018-09-18T14:32:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 REPOSITÓRIO_Dissertacao_Gilmar_Lucio_da_Silva.pdf: 580764 bytes, checksum: f73c4b2bee64967855e266087f894fa5 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Neli Silvia Pereira null (nelisps@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-09-19T16:36:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_gl_me_jabo.pdf: 580764 bytes, checksum: f73c4b2bee64967855e266087f894fa5 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-19T16:36:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_gl_me_jabo.pdf: 580764 bytes, checksum: f73c4b2bee64967855e266087f894fa5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-13
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo informar as empresas como poderão aumentar seus lucros usando o benefício fiscal que melhor se adapta a sua realidade, comparando os benefícios fiscais brasileiros para exportação de ração animal. Especificamente, analisando as condutas fiscais nacionais existentes para exportação de ração animal para os diversos países latino-americanos; demonstrando custos atuais no mercado nacional, possibilidades de incentivos na importação com objetivo de exportação, produção nacional e seus incentivos à exportação e analisando a viabilidade da importação de matérias-primas que fazem parte do produto final, produção em território brasileiro e exportação de rações prontas. Pesquisa desenvolvida levando em consideração o seguinte encadeamento: a) levantamento teórico do tema; b) entendimento dos benefícios fiscais vigentes; c) análise quantitativa dos impostos usando os incentivos fiscais Compra Equiparada, Reintegra e Drawback; d) análise comparativa destes benefícios; e, e) análise SWOT das organizações do setor de Nutrição Animal no Brasil. Comparando os benefícios fiscais oferecidos pelo Governo e divulgando-os, as empresas interessadas tomarão a decisão de que qual destes benefícios, melhor que se encaixa em seu perfil. De posse desta informação, o empresário a utilizará como ferramenta para redução de custos, alavancando suas exportações. Alavancando as exportações, aumenta-se a entrada de divisas no país, haverá um aumento de investimentos internos. Os benefícios fiscais escolhidos têm suas particularidades e não podem ser comparados de igual para igual, pois cada um tem suas características sendo estas detalhadas nesta pesquisa. Mediante comparativo foi possível determinar a melhor opção por perfil de empresa e determinadas as limitações envolvendo os benefícios. Trata-se de um projeto com objetivo de informar e ajudar as empresas que tem interesse em exportar a alavancarem suas vendas utilizando o benefício fiscal que melhor se encaixar em seu perfil.
This study has to do with how their companies better their savings using the economic fiscal that best fits their reality, comparing the Brazilian tax benefits to the export of animal feed. Specifically, analyzing the existing national fiscal conduct for the export of animal feed to the various Latin American countries; demonstrating current costs in the domestic market, import incentives for export purposes, domestic production and export incentives, and analyzing the feasibility of importing raw materials that are part of the final product, production in Brazil and export of ready-made rations reintegration, ruminants. This research is being conducted in conjunction with the following chain: a) theoretical theme survey; b) understanding of the tax benefits in force; c) the quantitative analysis of resources using the incentives under the use of a purchasing capacity, Reintegra and Drawback; d) comparative analysis of the benefits e) SWOT analysis of organizations of the Animal Nutrition sector in Brazil. Comparing the benefits provided by the Government and informing them, as the companies that make the decision, they are best in terms of placement in your profile. With this information, the entrepreneur uses tools to reduce costs, leveraging his exports. By leveraging exports, the country's foreign exchange inflows increase; there will be an increase in domestic investment. The choose benefits are specific and cannot be compared as equals because they are responsible for their characteristics and are highlights of this research. By comparative for an option for a profile of company and determined the collections the benefits. It´s a project with the goal of informing and helping companies that are interested in exporting the expenses with the tax benefit that best fits your profile
Costa, Marcus Roberto Góes Ferreira. "Consumo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e comportamento ingestivo de ovinos com dietas à base de feno de juazeiro (Zizyphus joazeiro)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18945.
Full textSubmitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-05T14:29:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_mrgfcosta.pdf: 234600 bytes, checksum: cb8e7599d71049a77d117481f4a46873 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-05T14:30:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_mrgfcosta.pdf: 234600 bytes, checksum: cb8e7599d71049a77d117481f4a46873 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-05T14:30:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_mrgfcosta.pdf: 234600 bytes, checksum: cb8e7599d71049a77d117481f4a46873 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
The intake, the apparent digestibility of nutrients and ingestive behavior of sixteen sheep of Morada Nova race with average weight of 26.75 kg, divided into individual metabolic cages, receiving diets containing crescent levels of juazeiro hay (0, 33, 67 and 100%) were evaluated. A casualized block experimental design with four treatment and four replications was used. Dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, carbohydrates fiber and non-fiber carbohydrates intakes were not influenced by addiction of juazeiro hay of the experimental diets, with average value in the 1042.78 and 595 g/day the dry mater and neutral detergent fiber, respectively. Observed a reduction linear for dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and carbohydrates fiber digestibility. For acid detergent fiber digestibility observed a reduction quadratic. The crude protein, ether extract, total carbohydrates, carbohydrates fiber digestibility did not present significant variation. The nitrogen balance was not influencing, present positive for treatments. The inclusion of juazeiro hay did not influencing the intake of nutrients, but it reduces the digestibility coefficient in some diet components. The inclusion of hay juazeiro did not influence the ingestive behavior of animals (P> 0.05). The juazeiro hay with convection grass hay is a feeding strategy for northwest semi-arid
Avaliaram-se o consumo, a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e o comportamento ingestivo de ovinos da raça Morada Nova, recebendo rações contendo níveis crescentes de feno de juazeiro em substituição ao feno de capim-tifton 85 (0, 33, 67 e 100%). Utilizaramse dezesseis ovinos machos, não castrados, com peso médio de 26,75kg, alocados em gaiolas metabólicas individuais, distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os consumos de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro, carboidratos totais, carboidratos fibrosos, carboidratos não fibrosos e nutrientes digestíveis totais não foram influenciados pela adição do feno de juazeiro às dietas, com valores médios de 1.042,78 e 595,59 g/dia de matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro, respectivamente. Observou-se uma redução linear para os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, matéria orgânica, fibra em detergente neutro e carboidratos fibrosos. Para o coeficiente de digestibilidade da fibra em detergente ácido, observou-se uma redução quadrática. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade da proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, carboidratos totais e carboidratos fibrosos não apresentaram variações significativas. O balanço de nitrogênio também não foi influenciado e apresentou-se positivo para todos os tratamentos. A inclusão do feno de juazeiro não influenciou o consumo de nutrientes nem o balanço de nitrogênio, porém reduziu o coeficiente de digestibilidade de alguns componentes da dieta. Não se verificou influencia da inclusão do feno de juazeiro no tempo despendido para alimentação e ruminação (min/dia), eficiência de alimentação e ruminação (g de MS/h e g de FDN/h), dos ovinos em relação às dietas experimentais. Não houve diferenças para o número de refeições/dia, bem como para números de períodos ruminativos. O feno de juazeiro administrado juntamente com feno de gramíneas convencionais pode ser uma estratégia alimentar para época seca no semi-árido nordestino
Ounnas, Fayçal. "Influence de la matrice sol sur la biodisponibilitté orale des Polluants Organiques Persistants chez les ruminants laitiers." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL042N/document.
Full textPersistent Organic Pollutants (PoP) can be accumulated through the “memory effect of soil”. Ruminants can therefore be exposed to the PoP through involuntary ingestion of the contaminated soil. On pasture, soil ingested by ruminants can reach 800 g of soil per day. But PoP interact with the soil particles, leading to the formation of strong bonds which can decrease their bioavailability. Therefore, we developed several approaches in order to determine the bioavailability of soil-bound PoP. Indeed, more precision on the impact of soil on the bioavailability of the contaminants is essential to assess the transfer to the animal products. The investigations focused on two PoP families: the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) which are readily cleared and the PolyChloroBiphenyls (PCB) which are poorly metabolized. For the PCB, the relative bioavailability was estimated by comparing the values of the transfer coefficients or « Carry-Over Rates » obtained after soil ingestion, with that those obtained in the literature with other food matrices such as hay. The second study was conducted in order to calculate the bioavailability of soil-bound PAH. This experimental approach lay in comparing soil matrix with the reference matrix (oil) through the urinary excretion of the major hydroxylated PAH metabolites. The last investigation focused on the statistical combination of the results of several studies that address a set of related research on the role of organic matter (organic carbon) on the bioaccessibility of the PAH in the gastro-intestinal tract. The results of the studies performed show that soil has limited impact on the PoP bioavailability in ruminants. However, the lipophilicity of PoP seems to play a role in regulating their bioavailability. Indeed, soil impact is not significant for Phenanthrene (three-ring molecule), whereas the bioavailability of Pyrene is estimated at 50 % (four-ring molecule). The bioaccessibility in the gastro-intestinal tract is a component of the bioavailability; it was estimated for PAH at between 0.2 and 46%, and seems to be led by the concentration of PAH and the organic carbon content in soil. These results suggest that soil matrix deserves some special focus because its properties of geoaccumulation may increase the risk of transfer of PoP to the ruminant. The geosorbant property of soil, which explains its role as environmental reservoir of PoP, does not appear enough to avoid contamination of animal products, in the conditions of the lactating ruminant digestif tract. Particular attention should be paid to soil in the scenarios of risk assessment
Assis, Paula Lobo Ferreira. "Disgestibilidade in vitro de milho moído sob três níveis de enzima amilolítica exógena." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3438.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-22T20:53:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Paula Lobo Ferreira de Assis - 2012.pdf: 2010002 bytes, checksum: a753464c4ac42babeb48922fcd3f4320 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-22T20:53:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Paula Lobo Ferreira de Assis - 2012.pdf: 2010002 bytes, checksum: a753464c4ac42babeb48922fcd3f4320 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-31
In cattle, the number is constant research involving feed additives, in order to achieve high productivity and improvements in diet formulation. Among the alternative additives there are the enzymes which are proteins catalysts of chemical reactions involved in the metabolic process the entire animal organism. The efficiency of enzymes in diets based on alternative foods has encouraged its use, representing a major breakthrough in nutrition. Enzyme complex in diets based on corn has as main objective the maximization of nutrients included in the diet and thereby improve outcomes husbandry. This study aimed to produce an amylolytic enzyme complex, using the fungus Aspergillus awamorii and evaluate the in vitro digestibility of corn subjected to three levels of exogenous enzyme amylase. The treatments were: control (without enzyme), the first level (with 5 ml of enzyme), level 2 (with 10 ml of enzyme) and level 3 (20 ml enzyme). The experiment was conducted in the Laboratório de Enzimologia e Laboratório de Fisiologia da Digestão do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/ICB II, da Universidade Federal de Goiás. The addition of amylolytic enzymes had a positive influence on increasing the degradation of corn at level 3 until the time of 24h compared to control treatment, this fact may be attributable to enzymatic activity on the substrate from the time that the enzyme was applied. At the time of 48 hours was not significantly different between treatments, indicating that there was compensation in the digestibility of dry matter between treatments after 24 hours for the control treatment and after 18 hours for levels 1 and 2, this fact may be coupled with the fact that there proteolytic activity in the rumen fluid present in the fermenter jars, which in turn can destroy the enzymes inactivating them. The time of colonization of maize was reduced by adding enzyme, which was attributed to the enzymatic action of increasing surface contact and providing oligosaccharides smaller chains for bacteria, providing better conditions for bacterial growth. In the present study doses with higher digestibility were 17.8 and 16.4 ml for times 0 and 24 hours incubation respectively, corresponding to 769.2 and 708.7 enzyme units / kg of dry corn. The addition of exogenous amylolytic enzymes improved the "in vitro" dry matter of ground corn with the level of enzyme addition to passage rates above 4%, between 708.7 and 769.2 units enzyme / kg Maize dry matter
Complexo enzimático em dietas a base de milho tem como principal objetivo a maximização dos nutrientes inseridos na dieta e, com isso, melhorar os resultados zootécnicos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo produzir complexo enzimático amilolítico, utilizando o fungo Aspergillus awamorii e avaliar a digestibilidade in vitro de milho moído submetido a três níveis de enzima amilolítica exógena, encubado em líquido ruminal de bovino. Os tratamentos são: tratamento controle (sem enzima), nível 1 (com 5 ml de enzima), nível 2 (com 10 ml de enzima) e nível 3 (20 ml de enzima). A adição de enzimas amilolíticas influenciou (P<0,05) positivamente no aumento da degradação do milho no nível 3 até o tempo de 24h em relação ao tratamento controle, podendo este fato ser atribuído à atuação enzimática no substrato a partir do momento que foi aplicada a enzima. No tempo de 48 horas não foi observada diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, indicando que houve uma compensação na digestibilidade da matéria seca entre os tratamentos após as 24 horas para o tratamento controle e após as 18 horas para os níveis 1 e 2, fato este podendo ser aliado ao fato de haver atividade proteolítica no líquido ruminal presente nos jarros do fermentador, que por sua vez poderá destruir as enzimas inativando-as. O tempo de colonização do milho foi reduzido pela adição enzimática, fato atribuído à ação enzimática aumentando a superfície de contato. No presente trabalho as doses que apresentaram maior digestibilidade foram de 17,8 e 16,4 mL para os tempos 0 e 24 horas de incubação respectivamente, correspondendo a 769,2 e 708,7 unidades enzimáticas/ Kg de matéria seca do milho. A adição de enzimas amilolíticas exógenas melhorou a digestibilidade “in vitro” da matéria seca do milho moído sendo o melhor nível de adição enzimática, para as taxas de passagem acima de 4%, entre 708,7 e 769,2 unidades enzimáticas/ Kg de matéria seca do milho.
Lima, Alessandra Silva. "Avaliação do perfil hormonal de garrotes submetidos à carência energética prolongada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-09022007-153232/.
Full textTo evaluate the influence of diets with different degrees of energy deficiency on the hormonal profile, and on metabolic and clinical states of steers, 12 steers were randomly distributed in 3 groups of 4 animals each. Each group received the following diets for 140 days: (G1) 100% of the maintenance to stimulate to weight gain of 900 gr/day (DE: 17.7 Mcal/d); (G2) 80% of the maintenance (DE: 5.8 Mcal/d); (G3) 60% of the same requirements (DE: 4.7 Mcal/d). In both energy deficiency groups (G2 and G3) there was a decrease in body weight, in feed intake, in cardiac and respiratory rates and in rectal temperature during experimental period; in addition these groups had hypoglycemia and reduced production of propionic acid in the rumen. In relation to hormonal profile, the energy deficit caused an acute reduction in plasma levels of IGF-1, insulin and T3, and in a lesser degree in T4. Weight loss was due to lower feed intake, poor quality of diet ingested and also due to low concentrations of IGF-1 and T3. In addition, feed intake was decreased by the low palatability of the diet and due to the influence of hypoinsulinemia. The reduction of heart and respiratory rate and the lower degree of reduction in rectal temperature, all reflected the low energetic status and were influenced negatively by the low level of T3. Hypoglycemia was primarily caused by the lower production of propionic acid in the rumen, besides the action of a lower level of T3; and hypoglycemia induced a hypoinsulinemia (r = 0.77). The IGF-1 was considered the best indicator of the energetic status, because its blood levels reduction was sensible and rapid during the dietary energy deficit; and it was influenced directly by level of T3 (r = 0.83) and in a lower degree by insulin (r = 0.52). The plasma level of T3 was in someway controlled by positive action of IGF-1 and insulin, as well as for T4 level (r = 0.78)
Trindade, Josilene da Silva. "Composição e produtividade do milheto em três densidades de semeadura e duas alturas de corte." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2939.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2014-08-26T20:18:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação Mestrado COMPOSIÇÃO E PRODUTIVIDADE DO MILHETO EM TRÊS DENSIDADES DE SEMEADURA E DUAS ALTURAS DE CORTE - Josilene.pdf: 980825 bytes, checksum: 8434d3552e5561e788843f0e0c3f374c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-10
To evaluate the chemical composition and production of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)) at different sowing densities and managed under different cutting heights, a field trial was carried out at Santa Rosa do Rochedo farm of Universidade Federal de Goiás Campus Jatai, from March to July (second-season) after soybean harvest. A completely randomized block experimental design in factorial arrangement (3x2) with three sowing densities (10, 15 and 20 kg.ha-¹) and two cutting heights (50 and 70 cm) was used. Data were analyzed with SAS® v.9.2 program (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) considering density effect and block in the plot and height in the subplot. Tukey test at 5% probability was used for mean comparison. The sowing density affected (P<0.05) CP percentage (13.98, 13.07 and 12.73 for 10, 15 and 20 kg.ha-¹ densities respectively). The cutting height influenced (P <0.05) chemical composition and production when compared one cut of each height, lower values of NDF (60,3%), ADF (35,7%) and higher levels of MM (8,8) and NFC (15,5%) were observed at 50 cm height cut. There were no effect (P> 0.05) of sowing density and cutting height on total yield during the experimental period. Due the better nutritional quality with longer period of pasture utilization and lower deployment cost, the use of pearl millet for grazing in the southwestern Goiás is feasible at sowing density of 10 kg.ha-¹ and height cut of 50 cm.
Objetivando avaliar a composição bromatológica e produção de massa do milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)) em diferentes densidades de semeadura e manejado em duas alturas de corte, foi realizado um experimento de campo na Fazenda Santa Rosa do Rochedo da Universidade Federal de Goiás Campus Jataí, no período de março a julho de 2012 (safrinha) após a colheita da soja. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial (3x2) com três densidades de semeadura (10, 15 e 20 kg.ha-¹) e duas alturas de corte (50 e 70 cm). Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado o Programa SAS versão 9.2 considerando o efeito de densidade e bloco na parcela e altura na subparcela. Na comparação das médias foi realizado o teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. A densidade de semeadura influenciou (P<0,05) o teor de PB 13,98, 13,07 e 12,73% para as densidades 10 e 15 e 20 kg.ha-¹ respectivamente. A altura de corte influenciou (P<0,05) na composição bromatológica e nas produções quando comparados um corte de cada altura, menores teores de FDN (60,3%), FDA (35,7%) e maiores percentagem de MM (8,8%) e CNF (15,5%) foram observados na altura de corte 50 cm. Não houve (P>0,05) efeito da densidade de semeadura ou da altura de corte na produção total do período experimental. Devido à melhor qualidade nutricional, com maior período de utilização da pastagem e menor gasto com sementes no plantio, viabiliza-se a utilização do milheto para pastejo na região Sudoeste de Goiás, na densidade de semeadura de 10 kg.ha-¹ com corte aos 50 cm de altura.
Morgado, Aline Alberti. "Ação preventiva de fármacos antiácidos e potenciais biomarcadores para úlcera abomasal decorrente do uso de fenilbutazona em ovinos adultos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-18062018-162112/.
Full textAbomasal ulcers reduce welfare and production of milk and meat, but information about their etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment is still insufficient, especially for adult ruminants. Protocols used for prevention and treatment of this disease are extrapolated from those determined for gastric lesions in monogastric animals. However, there are still uncertainties about the preventive effect of these drugs, the used doses and best route of administration to ruminants. The preventive action of ranitidine and omeprazole on the development of abomasal ulcers was tested. The antacid drugs were administered concomitantly to phenylbutazone over seven days (4.4 mg/kg twice a day, intravenously). Eight healthy sheep, cannulated in abomasum, were distributed in two 4x4 Latin squares and treated with 2 mg/kg of ranitidine every 12 hours; 0.4 mg/kg of omeprazole, administered intravenously once a day; 4 mg/kg of omeprazole paste, administered orally once a day; or no antacid drug (control). Intravenously administered omeprazole caused phlebitis and a higher number of animals had lesions in the abomasal mucosa. Omeprazole paste was not effective in the prevention of type 1a ulcer. Although there was no difference between groups, ranitidine showed the lowest number of animals with lesions diagnosed by histological examination; however, this H2 antagonist caused an increase in heart rate. Measurements of pH and acidity of abomasal contents, serum pepsinogen and lysozyme concentrations, as well as fecal occult blood screening were concluded not to be valid biomarkers for type 1a abomasal ulcers in adult sheep.
Oliveira, Letícia Silva. "Efeito do processamento do milho grão na eficiência de utilização de dietas com elevada proporção de concentrado por cordeiros cruzados Dorper x Santa Inês." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-25032013-142153/.
Full textTwenty four Santa Inês x Dorper crossbred not castrated lambs, approximately 90 days old and average initial weight of 27.07 ± 4.36kg were fed a high concentrate diet 20% protein-mineral pellet (Grano Entero®), 5% coast cross hay and 75% corn as whole corn grain (WCG), grounded corn grain (GCG) or high moisture corn (HMC). The animals were assigned to a randomized block design. Feed and orts were weighted daily and each 14 days the animals were also weighed. After 65 days feeding the animals were slaughtered with an average final weight (AFW) of 47.97 ± 5.13kg and hot carcass weight (HCW), pH (pH1h) and temperature (T°1h) were measured. After 24 hours of chilling the cold carcass weight (CCW), pH (pH24h) and temperature (T°24h) were again measured, thus obtaining the hot carcass yield (HCY) and cold carcass yield (CCY). The carcasses were ribbed between 12th and 13th ribs to measure the loin eye area (LEA) and the subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT). Three samples of the Longissimus muscle of each animal were collected for analyzes of tenderness, color and weight loss due to cooking (WLC). Effects of treatments were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS®. The average daily weight gain and feed efficiency (kg gain/kg DMI) of the animals did not differ between diets (P>0.05), with an average of 0.33kg and 0.28kg, respectively. There was no difference between treatments (P>0.05) for DMI in kg (mean = 1.20) or when expressed as a percentage of live weight (mean=3.17 %). In relation to the CCW, animals that received GCG had greater carcass weight (P<0.05) compared to animals receiving HMC, and similar weights with animals receiving WCG with respective averages of 23.90kg, 21.35 and 23.15kg. Treatments WCG and HMC did not differ among themselves. HCY (mean=47.5%), CCY (mean=46.25%), LEA (mean=15.6cm2) and SFT (mean=2.7mm) were not affected by treatments. The same result was observed for cold carcass weight (P<0.05), averaging 22.97kg, 22.84kg and 20.81kg. There were no differences (P>0.05) for qualitative variables of softness, color and WLC. Corn grain processing had no influence on the performance or carcass characteristics except for AFW, HCG and CCY. However, whole corn showed significant weight gain compared to other treatments, since it has no processing expenses.
Welter, Katiéli Caroline. "Efeito da inclusão de óleo de canola na dieta de vacas em lactação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-31032015-092234/.
Full textThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of canola oil inclusion in the diet of dairy cows on milk yield and composition, total apparent digestibility, blood and ruminal variables. Were used 18 Holstein cows averaging 22 (± 4) kg/day of milk yield in the middle stage of lactation. The cows were distributed in a Latin square design, with 6 contemporary square, 3 periods and 3 treatments: T1 = control diet (without inclusion of oil); T2 = inclusion of 3% canola oil in the diet and T3 = inclusion of 6% canola oil in the diet (dry matter bases). The inclusion of canola oil in the diet of lactating cows linearly reduced milk yield by 2.51 kg/cow/day, milk concentrations of saturated fatty acid by 20.24%, omega6/omega3 ratio by 39.45%, atherogenicity index by 48.36%, thrombogenicity index by 39.86%, dry matter intake by 2,25kg/d, and ingestion of NDF by 0,87kg/day and CP by 0,45kg/day; and NDF digestibility by 5% in treatment 6% when compared with 0% treatment. With inclusion 6% canola oil in the diet of dairy cows was observed a linear increase in milk concentration of unsaturated fatty acids by 34.08%, omega-3 by 115%, rumenic acid (CLA) by 16.50%, oleic acid by 44.87% and the h/H index by 94.44%, when compared with control diet. The blood concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL and LDL linearly increased in 34.88 mg/dL, 11.69 mg/dL, and 23.98 mg/dL, respectively, according to inclusion of canola oil from 0 to 6% in the diet. No effect of inclusion of canola oil was observed on ruminal pH, and concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and propionic acid. The variables acetic and butyric acids, and acetic/propionic ratio, were linearly reduced with inclusion of canola oil. The inclusion of canola oil in the diet of lactating cows reduces the dry mater intake, milk yield and fat content, but increases the milk concentration of fatty acids with human health benefits, as CLA, omega-3 and oleic acid. Canola oil does not cause problems to health of cows, as blood and ruminal variables are within normal ranges for lactating cows.