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Journal articles on the topic 'Ruminants Feeding and feeds'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Klein, Frank, Tony Lupo, Don Pielack, Mark Mozola, David Pinero, Scott Coates, Nancy Thiex, Christoph von Holst, and Jim Drouillard. "Validation Study of a Lateral-Flow Immunoassay for Detection of Ruminant By-Product Material in Animal Feeds and Feed Ingredients: Performance-Tested MethodSM 010405." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 88, no. 6 (September 1, 2005): 1583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.6.1583.

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Abstract An immunoassay with a lateral flow format has been developed for the detection of ruminant by-product material in animal feeds and feed ingredients. The test is designed for the analysis of animal feeds destined for feeding to ruminants to ensure that they do not contain ruminant by-products in violation of the ruminant-to-ruminant feed ban established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1997. This feed ban was established as a firewall against exposure of ruminant livestock animals to the prion agents responsible for neurological diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopa

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ZOIOPOULOS (Π. ΖΩΙΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ), P. "Feed Ban and BSE: the detection and identification of processed animal proteins in compound feeds." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 62, no. 1 (November 10, 2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.14838.

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Reference is made initially to the incidence of BSE within the EU territory and the reasons of the appearance of the disease i.e. the use of meat and bone meal in ruminant diets. In turn, the evolution of Community legislation in the sector of marketing of feeds of animal origin is described. Furthermore, the banning of feeding of mammalian protein to ruminants and the extension of prohibition to further animal proteins such as from other vertebrates and how this banning affects the feeding of the various animal species is reviewed. Finally, the importance of detecting and identifying the pres

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3

Mir, P. S., T. A. McAllister, D. J. Gibb, and E. K. Okine. "Dietary oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids for ruminants: Post-ruminal digesta characteristics and their implications on production." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 86, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a05-056.

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Maximizing the production of ruminants requires high intakes of feeds that are energy dense, therefore feeds that are usually high in starch. Under these conditions there can be significant passage of partially digested feed starch and fibre to the small intestine. These digesta components interact in a manner that can diminish post-ruminal digestion and absorption. However, in ruminants, the effects of digesta composition on causing physical constraints to digestion and absorption, via increased digesta viscosity have not been given adequate consideration. While elevation of digesta viscosity

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Colombatto, D., D. P. Morgavi, and F. L. Mould. "Feed enzymes for ruminants. The need for a rational screening system." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200009005.

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Enzymes that degrade the plant cell wall, collectively termed cellulases and hemicellulases, have attracted considerable research efforts recently, because of their potential to be used as additives for animal feeds. Widely used in monogastric animals, mainly to remove antinutritional factors (Bedford, 2000), enzymes are increasingly used in ruminant diets to enhance feedstuff degradability, following results from feeding trials where positive responses in rumen digestion and animal production were observed (Beaucheminet al., 1995; Fenget al., 1996; Yanget al., 1999). Enzymes could also provid

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ZOIOPOULOS (Π. ΖΩΪΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ), P. "The applications of biotechnology in animal feeding: A critical overview." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 55, no. 2 (December 6, 2017): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15186.

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An effort is made in this article to present the applications of biotechnology as regards the improvement of nutritive value and the development of novel feeds as well as the production of various types of feed additives. With respect to raw materials, quality upgrading by bio technological means has been attempted through lignocellulose breakdown or protein enrichment. In addition, reference is made to bioproteins and feeds derived from transgenic plants, particularly those resistant to herbicides. In turn, reference is made to aminoacids as products of industrial fermentation. Furthermore, v

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Owens, Fredric N. "356 Anomalies of Carbohydrate Digestion and Metabolism by Ruminants." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.355.

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Abstract Carbohydrate, derived either from plant cell walls (neutral detergent fiber; NDF) from fresh or conserved forages consumed by cows and growing cattle or from starch of grains and concentrates in commercial feedlot diets, provides most of the dietary energy for ruminant growth and production. The ruminants’ ability to harvest forage from remote, inaccessible locations, to scavenge energy from NDF of feeds and byproducts of grain largely indigestible by non-ruminants, and to employ non-protein N to form protein-rich, nutrient-dense foods for humans are key ecological advantages over non

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Pent, Gabe J. "192 Towards Year-Round Grazing in the Southeastern U.S." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (November 1, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.153.

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Abstract Winter feeds costs for small ruminants exceeds 50% of the total cost of most small ruminant production systems in the Southeastern U.S. Keeping these feed costs low is one of the most effective and time-tested ways to improve farm profitability. While maintaining an appropriate stocking rate will be critical for sustaining long-term farm productivity, a suite of other management practices is available to assist in this objective. Installing appropriate fence and watering system infrastructure for managing grazing will be critical for improving harvest efficiency and stockpiling forage

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Mavromati, J., Z. Gjeta, E. Mavromati, V. Kolaneci, and A. Molla. "Production systems and economics of sheep husbandry in southern Albania." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 27, no. 3 (2011): 1167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1103167m.

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Small ruminants in Albania seem to have a great importance within the livestock sector. The small ruminants' populations count almost 2.7 million heads, out of which 1.8 million are sheep. The estimated value of the commercialized small livestock population is about 35 million Euros. The total value of the small ruminant population is estimated at 140 million Euros. More than 1.5 million heads of small ruminants are consumed each year in the local market. Import of small ruminant?s meat was at a level of 599 ton/year (2010 data). This study aimed the assessment of the production systems and ec

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Radchikov, V. F., V. P. Tsai, V. K. Gurin, and V. A. Lyundishev. "ORGANIC TRACE ELEMENT COMPLEX FOR CALVES FEEDING." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 18, no. 3(71) (October 13, 2016): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7152.

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Trace elements are commonly used in the form of inorganic salts poorly digested by ruminants due rumen microflora, which transits its greater part into indigestible and insoluble form. Trace elements in the form of chelates are supplied with amino acids and peptides, and used by the body much more efficiently. Inclusion of organic trace element complex (OMEK) in compound feed KR–1 in the amount of 10% of the existing standards for trace elements content in typical formulations for growing young cattle for meat has a positive impact on palatability of feeds, morphological and biochemical compos

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Deaville, E. R. "The role of biotechnology in enhancing the digestion of forage cell walls by ruminants (jerry hughes scholarship)." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200590693.

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The term biotechnology has been defined as the application of biological organisms, systems or processes to manufacture and service industries (Anon, 1980) and is, therefore, more than the application of ‘genetic engineering’ techniques alone. The potential application of biotechnology to the agricultural livestock industry includes many wide ranging areas: animal health; breeding; livestock production; livestock nutrition and the nutritive value of feeds. The role of biotechnology in animal nutrition and feeding is of particular importance since feed costs account for a significant proportion

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Deaville, E. R. "The role of biotechnology in enhancing the digestion of forage cell walls by ruminants (jerry hughes scholarship)." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600028403.

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The term biotechnology has been defined as the application of biological organisms, systems or processes to manufacture and service industries (Anon, 1980) and is, therefore, more than the application of ‘genetic engineering’ techniques alone. The potential application of biotechnology to the agricultural livestock industry includes many wide ranging areas: animal health; breeding; livestock production; livestock nutrition and the nutritive value of feeds. The role of biotechnology in animal nutrition and feeding is of particular importance since feed costs account for a significant proportion

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Sun, Xuezhao, David Pacheco, Grant Taylor, Peter H. Janssen, and Natasha M. Swainson. "Evaluation of Feed Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectra as Predictors of Methane Emissions from Ruminants." Animals 12, no. 18 (September 19, 2022): 2478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12182478.

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Feed chemical composition is associated with methane (CH4) formation in the rumen, and thus CH4 yields (Ym; CH4 emitted from per unit of dry matter intake) could be predicted using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) of feeds fed to ruminants. Two databases of NIRS data were compiled from feeds used in experiments in which CH4 yields had been quantified in respiration chambers. Each record in the databases represented a batch of feed offered to a group of experimental animals and the mean CH4 yield for the group. A near-infrared reflectance spectrum was obtained from each feed, and t

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RADCHIKOV, V. F., D. M. BOGDANOVICH, G. V. BESARAB, T. L. SAPSALEVA, M. V. JUMKOVA, S. N. PILYUK, A. K. NATYROV, et al. "EFFICIENCY OF CARBAMIDE USE IN FEEDING YOUNG CATTLE." Zootechnical science of Belarus 57, no. 2 (September 25, 2022): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/0134-9732-2022-57-2-20-28.

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Complete feeding makes it possible to fully use the genetic potential of animals, increase productivity and reduce feed consumption. In order to balance diets in terms of protein, it is advisable to use synthetic nitrogenous substances in feeding ruminants, since this allows releasing a significant amount of high-protein plant feeds (oilcake, meal) in diets. The article contains the results of studying the effect of feeding nitrogenous substances of non-protein nature on the productivity of young cattle. It was found that the use of 10-, 20- and 25% carbamide concentrate in animal diets

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Bueno, Ives C. S., Roberta A. Brandi, Gisele M. Fagundes, Gabriela Benetel, and James Pierre Muir. "The Role of Condensed Tannins in the In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Kinetics in Ruminant Species: Feeding Type Involved?" Animals 10, no. 4 (April 7, 2020): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10040635.

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Animal feeding behavior and diet composition determine rumen fermentation responses and its microbial characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the rumen fermentation kinetics of domestic ruminants feeding diets with or without condensed tannins (CT). Holstein dairy cows, Nelore beef cattle, Mediterranean water buffalo, Santa Inês sheep and Saanen goats were used as inoculum donors (three animals of each species). The substrates were maize silage (Zea mays), fresh elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), Tifton-85 hay (Cynodon spp.) and fresh alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Acacia (Acacia molissi

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Phipps, R. H., J. D. Sutton, and M. K. Bhat. "Are enzymes useful in ruminant diets?" Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200008991.

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Cellulose and hemicellulose are the major structural carbohydrates present in forages and form between 30 and 60% of the forage component of ruminant diets. The complex network of structural carbohydrates and lignin generally leads to low digestibility and limits the efficient utilisation of forages by ruminants. This situation occurs in both developed and developing countries, and in the latter it is particularly pronounced as much of the forage component is based around the use of crop residues (Owen and Jayasuria, 1989). Because forage costs are significantly lower than those of other dieta

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Hartinger, Thomas, and Qendrim Zebeli. "The Present Role and New Potentials of Anaerobic Fungi in Ruminant Nutrition." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7030200.

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The ruminal microbiota allows ruminants to utilize fibrous feeds and is in the limelight of ruminant nutrition research for many years. However, the overwhelming majority of investigations have focused on bacteria, whereas anaerobic fungi (AF) have been widely neglected by ruminant nutritionists. Anaerobic fungi are not only crucial fiber degraders but also important nutrient sources for the host. This review summarizes the current findings on AF and, most importantly, discusses their new application potentials in modern ruminant nutrition. Available data suggest AF can be applied as direct-fe

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Bueno, Antonio Vinicius Iank, Gustavo Lazzari, Clóves Cabreira Jobim, and João Luiz Pratti Daniel. "Ensiling Total Mixed Ration for Ruminants: A Review." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (June 19, 2020): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060879.

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The interest of ensiling total mixed rations (TMR) for ruminants reemerged in the last decades. In many situations, ensiling TMR has been a sustainable alternative to efficiently handle wet byproducts in ruminant diets. An ensiled TMR typically has a markedly higher aerobic stability than its respective fresh TMR. Ensiling a TMR increases ruminal protein degradability due to proteolysis during storage. An increase of feed efficiency by ruminants fed ensiled rations have been reported, due to the improved starch digestibility in TMR silages containing cereal grains. This manuscript brings an ov

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Baran, Murat Sedat, Selçuk Altaçli, Oktay Kaplan, and Suphi Deniz. "The Determination of Nutrient Value, Digestibility and Energy Levels of Compound Feeds Used for Ruminant Nutrition by in Vitro Methods." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 7 (July 23, 2017): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i7.832-835.1226.

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There are small number of tables that show digestibility and energy contents of compound feeds produced by feed factory in different regions of Turkey. Thus, in this paper, four different compound feed types (dairy cattle, beef cattle, calf and lamb growing feeds), totalling 78 compound feeds were analysed to determine their feeding value, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) digestibility and energy content (digestible energy (DE), metabolisable energy (ME) and net energy for lactation (NEL). As a result of this study, the crude fiber (CF) levels were higher than standard values in calf and l

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Brzozowska, A. M., K. Słoniewski, J. Oprządek, P. Sobiech, and Z. M. Kowalski. "Why are dairy cows not able to cope with the subacute ruminal acidosis?" Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjvs-2013-0116.

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Abstract One of the largest challenges for the dairy industry is to provide cows with a diet which is highly energetic but does not negatively affect their rumens’ functions. In highly productive dairy cows, feeding diets rich in readily fermentable carbohydrates provides energy precursors needed for maximum milk production, but simultaneously decreases ruminal pH, leading to a widespread prevalence of subacute ruminal acidosis. Maximizing milk production without triggering rumen acidosis still challenges dairy farmers, who try to prevent prolonged bouts of low ruminal pH mainly by proper nutr

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Allen, Michael S. "Drives and limits to feed intake in ruminants." Animal Production Science 54, no. 10 (2014): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14478.

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The control of energy intake is complex, including mechanisms that act independently (e.g. distention, osmotic effects, fuel-sensing) as well as interacting factors that are likely to affect feeding via their effects on hepatic oxidation. Effects of ruminant diets on feed intake vary greatly because of variation in their filling effects, as well as the type and temporal absorption of fuels. Effects of nutrients on endocrine response and gene expression affect energy partitioning, which in turn affects feeding behaviour by altering clearance of fuels from the blood. Dominant mechanisms controll

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Valizadeh, R. "Study on chemical treatment of wheat straw with Norea alkali." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200013272.

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Feed shortage is the greatest obstacle to Iranian livestock industry. Historically, crop residues mainly cereal straw has been very important feed resources for ruminants during late summer and cold seasons in Iran. The digestibility and voluntary feed intake of these fibrous residues are quite low. The feeding value of fibrous co-products can be upgraded by chemical treatment (Galletti, 1991). Norea as a cheap locally produced alkali containing mainly lime and sulphur with higher solubility. Although the alkali is used for removing superfluous hair in human hygiene but it might also be effect

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Valdivié, Manuel, and Yordan Martínez. "Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Forage as a Potential Feed for Animals: A Review." Animals 12, no. 3 (January 25, 2022): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12030288.

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This review summarized for the first time the nutritional benefits of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis in animal feed. the agronomic characteristics for the hyperproduction of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis were reported, as well as the chemical composition of the forage meal (leaves + petioles + stems), with emphasis on crude protein, amino acids, minerals, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin detergent acid, secondary metabolites, and metabolizable energy for ruminants and non-ruminants. Additionally, their medicinal properties such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antioxidant, an

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Ifabiyi, John O., G. Opeyemi, and Ibrahim K. Banjoko. "Status of Climate Smart Small Ruminant Production Practices in Kwara State, Nigeria." Diyala Agricultural Sciences Journal 14, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52951/dasj.22140209.

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This study examined the status of climate smart small ruminant production practices in Kwara State, Nigeria. About 105 small ruminant breeders were selected for the study. The data were analysed the use of frequency count, percentage, mean score, Binary Logistic Regression and Pearson product moment correlation. The result revealed that about 60% of the breeders were females and the mean years of experience in small ruminant production was 7 years. The result of most of the frequently used climate smart small ruminant production practices of the respondents showed that provision of medication

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Tercero, J. C. Ordóñez, L. Ramírez Avilés, C. Aguilar Perez, and C. A. Sandoval-Castro. "Effect of energy source and supplementation pattern on feed intake and microbial-N supply in dual purpose cows (Bos indicus x B. taurus)." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200012795.

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The microbial protein synthesis is variable and depend of several of factors, one the most important being the energy sources. Numerous investigations have evaluated individual sugars. However, few quantitative information is available describing the impact of sucrose or its monosacharides (glucose and fructose) and how they compare with other carbohydrate such as starch (Heldt et al., 1999). Chamberlain and Choung (1995) mention that sugar supplementation results in a higher microbial nitrogen supply (MNS) than starch. On the other hand, the amount of nutrients that ruminants can remove from

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Moraes, José Evandro de, Túlio Leite Reis, Eduardo Jun Fuzitani, Erval Rafael Damatto Júnior, Camila Memari Trava Maioli, Weber Vilas Bôas Soares, Mauro Sartori Bueno, and Valdinei Tadeu Paulino. "In natura residues from peach palm heart industry for ruminant feed." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 44 (April 29, 2022): e54712. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.54712.

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Palm heart processing generates a large amount of residues like leaves, sheath and stems that have potential for ruminant feeding. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of in natura peach palm heart (Bactris gasipaes Khunt.) residues on performance, dry matter (DM) digestibility and intake of ruminants. External sheath was the most suitable residue for sheep, cattle and buffaloes feeding, although sheep presented rejection of 43.5 g kg-1. Thereby, assays of apparent and in vitro dry matter digestibility were done under four feeding treatments, which were the exclusive peach palm sheath, and

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Pacheco, David, Garry Waghorn, and Peter H. Janssen. "Decreasing methane emissions from ruminants grazing forages: a fit with productive and financial realities?" Animal Production Science 54, no. 9 (2014): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14437.

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Ruminants contribute to human food supply and also anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. An understanding of production systems and information on animal populations has enabled global inventories of ruminant GHG emissions (methane and nitrous oxide), and dietary strategies are being developed to reduce GHG emissions from ruminants. Mitigation strategies need to consider the management/feeding systems used to ensure that these strategies will be readily accepted and adopted by farmers. Housed systems allow diets to be formulated in ways that may reduce GHG production, but the challenge

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Hills, J., I. Kyriazakis, J. V. Nolan, G. N. Hinch, and E. Thomson. "Conditioned feeding responses in sheep to flavoured foods associated with sulphur doses." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200596781.

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The development by ruminants of strong conditioned flavour aversions (CFAs) to foods associated with the administration of LiCl (an artificial toxin) has demonstrated their potential to avoid feeds that cause negative postingestive consequences (Provenza, 1995). Weaker CFAs are formed when they ingest foods with the detrimental secondary plant compound, oxalic acid (Kyriazakis et al. 1997). Moreover, animals may exhibit conditioned preferences (CFPs) for foods supplying appropriate amounts of nutrients such as nitrogen (Provenza, 1995). In this study we tested whether a continuum exists in the

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Hills, J., I. Kyriazakis, J. V. Nolan, G. N. Hinch, and E. Thomson. "Conditioned feeding responses in sheep to flavoured foods associated with sulphur doses." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600032396.

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The development by ruminants of strong conditioned flavour aversions (CFAs) to foods associated with the administration of LiCl (an artificial toxin) has demonstrated their potential to avoid feeds that cause negative postingestive consequences (Provenza, 1995). Weaker CFAs are formed when they ingest foods with the detrimental secondary plant compound, oxalic acid (Kyriazakis et al. 1997). Moreover, animals may exhibit conditioned preferences (CFPs) for foods supplying appropriate amounts of nutrients such as nitrogen (Provenza, 1995). In this study we tested whether a continuum exists in the

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Moyo, Mehluli, and Ignatius Nsahlai. "Consequences of Increases in Ambient Temperature and Effect of Climate Type on Digestibility of Forages by Ruminants: A Meta-Analysis in Relation to Global Warming." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010172.

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This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of ruminant feeding type, ambient temperature (AT), and climatic region on the rumen digestibility of feeds. A dataset on nylon bag degradability parameters bearing the chemical composition of roughages, grains, leaves, stems, fruits, concentrates and diets given to animals, climate type, and AT were compiled. Data were analysed using mixed model regression and simple linear regression methodologies. Negative correlations between AT and degradability parameters were observed. Potential degradability (PD) and slowly degradable fraction (‘b’) were higher

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Yanuartono, Yanuartono, Soedarmanto Indarjulianto, Alfarisa Nururrozi, Hary Purnamaningsih, and Slamet Raharjo. "Urea Molasses Multinutrien Blok Sebagai Pakan Tambahan pada Ternak Ruminansia (UREA MOLASSES MULTINUTRIENT BLOCK AS A FEED SUPPLEMENT TO CATTLE)." Jurnal Veteriner 20, no. 3 (November 27, 2019): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2019.20.3.445.

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The poor quality crop residues constitute the bulk of dry matter consumed by the ruminants. Like in most developing countries, including in Indonesia, feed shortage is the main constraint to their productivity. During the hot and dry seasons, the available feed resources are not enough in energy and digestion proteins, which are insufficient to maintenance requirements and reducing productivity throughout the year. The use of conventional feedstuffs such as rice brand, pollard, soybean cake, and groundnut cake to enhance production has become inappropriate. These supplements are in short suppl

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Marcos, Carlos N., Trinidad de Evan, Eduarda Molina-Alcaide, Margarita Novoa-Garrido, Martin Riis Weisbjerg, and María Dolores Carro. "Preserving Saccharina latissima and Porphyra umbilicalis in Multinutrient Blocks: An In Vitro Evaluation." Agriculture 13, no. 2 (January 21, 2023): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020263.

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Seaweeds could be alternative feedstuffs for ruminants, but their utilization in practical feeding is difficult because they deteriorate rapidly. We investigated the possibility of preserving Saccharina latissima and Porphyra umbilicalis in multinutrient blocks (MB), which is a cost-effective preservation method for high-moisture feeds. Three different MB were prepared: without seaweed (control; CMB), with 25% of fresh S. latissima (SLMB), and with 36% of fresh P. umbilicalis (PUMB). Both seaweeds and MB were fermented in vitro with ruminal fluid from sheep. The nitrogen and fiber content of P

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Babale, A. Aliyu, Dazala, and Wazamda. "INTRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROP RESIDUES AS SUPPLEMENT FOR GOATS FATTENING AMONG ANIMAL REARERS IN GIPALMA MUBI-SOUTH, ADAMAWA STATE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i6.2018.1334.

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Fattening has been defined as intensive feeding of highly nutritious feed to and promotes fast growth and fat deposition to achieve desired carcass growth and quality. The main strategy is to fatten young, lean male goat to obtain either from the farmer’s own flock or more often, purchased on the open market over a period of two to three months, with each farmer fattening between one and five animals. The goats are usually tethered or kept in a small sheltered enclosure at the homestead, and often fed and watered individually. Basal feeds used for goat fattening, such as hay and millet straw a

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Fu, Xuan, Yaopeng Zhang, Bin Shi, Xiaokang Wu, Hongwen Zhao, Zhongbao Xin, and Jinshui Yang. "Benzoic Acid Metabolism and Lipopolysaccharide Synthesis of Intestinal Microbiome Affects the Health of Ruminants under Free-Range and Captive Mode." Life 12, no. 7 (July 18, 2022): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12071071.

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It is urgent to explore new ways to protect endangered wild animals and develop sustainable animal husbandry on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau due to its fragile ecological environment. Ruminants, raised in captivity and free-range, have important niches in the Plateau and are the best models to analyze the effects of different feeding modes on their health. In this study, two ruminants, yaks and goats in free-range and captive modes, respectively, were selected to study the relationship between gut microbes and ruminant health. The results showed that the gut microbial diversity of free-range rumi

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Lagrange, Sebastian P., Jennifer W. MacAdam, and Juan J. Villalba. "The Use of Temperate Tannin Containing Forage Legumes to Improve Sustainability in Forage–Livestock Production." Agronomy 11, no. 11 (November 9, 2021): 2264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112264.

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Greenhouse gas emissions from ruminant livestock production systems contribute significantly to the environmental footprint of agriculture. Emissions are lower for feedlot systems than for grass-based systems primarily because of the extra time required for grass-finished cattle to reach slaughter weight. In contrast, legume forages are of greater quality than grasses, which enhances intake and food conversion efficiencies, leading to improvements in production and reductions in environmental impacts compared with forage grasses. In addition, the presence of certain bioactives in legumes such

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LEGESSE, G., G. ABEBE, M. SIEGMUND-SCHULTZE, and A. VALLE ZÁRATE. "SMALL RUMINANT PRODUCTION IN TWO MIXED-FARMING SYSTEMS OF SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA: STATUS AND PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVEMENT." Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 3 (July 2008): 399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708006376.

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SUMMARYSmall ruminants are an integral part of mixed-farming systems throughout southern Ethiopia. Yet, they have received little research attention or institutional support. Characterizing the existing small ruminant production systems and analysing their production constraints are important tools to diagnose the status and trends of the systems, and thus to identify areas for future interventions. A survey was conducted between April and July 2004 in the Adilo and Kofele areas of the southern mixed-farming systems of Ethiopia to explore reasons for keeping small ruminants and to evaluate the

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Vovk, S. O., and I. V. Polovyi. "Scientific and practical aspects of the use of prebiotics in the process of feeding ruminants." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 22, no. 92 (May 8, 2020): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9202.

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The review article presents current literature data on the classification of prebiotics. Information on the characteristics of the most common and used in the feeding of ruminants prebiotic drugs is presented. Based on literature, attention is drawn to the fact that one of the main functions of mannan oligosaccharides is their competitive binding to gram-negative bacteria of the pancreas and cecum in ruminants and inhibition of pathogenic microbiota growth in these departments of gastrointestinal tract. Fructooligosaccharides are not digested by animals, starting from the oral cavity and endin

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Işık, Özgün, and Figen Kırkpınar. "Etlik Piliç Üretiminde Beslemenin Çevre Kirletici Emisyonlar Üzerine Etkisi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i1.234-238.3105.

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Environmental pollution is defined as the disruption of normal ecological balance with emmision of various substances and energy residues as a result of human activities. Animal production is one of the major human activity that enables this emission to increase significantly. Although ruminants play an important role in the effects of animal production on environmental pollutant emissions, the effects of poultry production and broiler production are also worth considering. As in all livestock types, the main factor that has a direct impact on environmental pollutant emissions is feeding for t

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Mahgoub, Osman, Isam T.Kadim, Hamza A. Babiker, and Mohammed N. Al-Kindi. "The Influence of Diets Containing Phenols and Condensed Tannins on Protein Picture, Clinical Profile and Rumen Characteristics in Omani Sheep." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 19, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol19iss2pp8-16.

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A study was carried out to investigate the effects of feeding low quality non-conventional feeds (NCF) containing phenols and condensed tannins on health and performance characteristics in Omani sheep. Twelve Omani sheep were fed one of two base roughages, urea-treated palm frond (UTPF) or Rhodesgrass hay, (RGH) plus a commercial concentrate for 63 days. Haematological, serum biochemical and urine analyses were used to assess sheep health. Serum protein fractions were measured using electrophoresis. Urea-treated palm frond contained higher levels of polyphenols and condensed tannins and fiber

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Wang, Lin, Miao Lin, Yuwei Yang, Dalin Liu, and Guoqi Zhao. "PSVII-13 Evaluation of Ginkgo Leaf as a Feed for Ruminants by Using in Vitro gas Production Technique." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 385–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.704.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the fermentation characteristics of ginkgo leaf compared with traditional feeds, rice straw, alfalfa and soybean meal, by using in vitro gas production technique. Three ruminal cannulated Chinese Holstein dairy cows were fed a total mixed ration. Rumen fluid was collected via from a ruminal cannula before feeding and then filtered through four layers of cheesecloth. Samples (220 mg air-dried) of rice straw, alfalfa, soybean meal and ginkgo leaf were placed in each glass bottle (150 mL), and 30 mL mixed solution with rumen fluid and a buffer s

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Torres-Fajardo, Rafael Arturo, Pedro Geraldo González-Pech, Juan Felipe de Jesús Torres-Acosta, and Carlos Alfredo Sandoval-Castro. "Nutraceutical Potential of the Low Deciduous Forest to Improve Small Ruminant Nutrition and Health: A Systematic Review." Agronomy 11, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071403.

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Nutraceuticals are defined as livestock feeds that combine their nutritional value with their beneficial effects on animal health. We analyzed the outcomes from nearly 20 years of research assessing the nutraceutical properties of plants consumed by sheep and goats in low deciduous forests. A systematic review of different databases suggested 31 peer-reviewed manuscripts according to pre-established criteria. Amongst these, 16 manuscripts described in vitro evaluations investigating the bioactivity of plant secondary compounds in the extracts of 12 plant species. Most of these studies used the

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Leng, RA. "Quantitative ruminant nutrition — a green science." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, no. 3 (1993): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9930363.

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Knowledge of quantitative digestion and metabolism in ruminants was developed most rapidly when isotope dilution techniques became easy to apply, facilitated by improved instrumentation and mathematical approaches. The Armidale group led by Professor E. F. Annison and Dr D. B. Lindsay were at the forefront of these developments in the late 1950's. Since then knowledge in this area has developed at an ever increasing rate. The data that accumulated from the quantitative approach led to simple or complex models of animal digestion, metabolism and growth. These in turn led to much questioning of

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Azando, Erick Virgile Bertrand, Esaïe Tchetan, Thierry Dèhouegnon Houehanou, Carlos Cédric Ahoyo, Modeste Fadéby Gouissi, Ingrid Sonya Mawussi Adjovi, and Sanni Yô Doko Allou. "Traditional breeding of small ruminants in the North-West of Benin: practices and inventory of food resources." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, no. 3 (August 28, 2022): 1180–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i3.22.

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The northern part of Benin is a favourite area for ruminant breeding in view of its pastoral resources and the many other assets it has at its disposal. The objectives of this study were (i) to characterize small ruminants rearing practices in north-western Benin, (ii) to assess factors that affect the described practices (iii) and to inventory the feed resources used in the ruminant breeding. To achieve these objectives, a retrospective survey was carried out in four municipalities located at north-west Benin. The results showed that sheep and goats are mostly raised by men (94.93%). Digestiv

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Trotta, Ronald J., David L. Harmon, James C. Matthews, and Kendall C. Swanson. "Nutritional and Physiological Constraints Contributing to Limitations in Small Intestinal Starch Digestion and Glucose Absorption in Ruminants." Ruminants 2, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ruminants2010001.

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Increased efficiency of nutrient utilization can potentially be gained with increased starch digestion in the small intestine in ruminants. However, ruminants have quantitative limits in the extent of starch disappearance in the small intestine. The objective is to explore the nutritional and physiological constraints that contribute to limitations of carbohydrate assimilation in the ruminant small intestine. Altered digesta composition and passage rate in the small intestine, insufficient pancreatic α-amylase and/or small intestinal carbohydrase activity, and reduced glucose absorption could

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Vandermeulen, Sophie, Carlos Alberto Ramírez-Restrepo, Yves Beckers, Hugues Claessens, and Jérôme Bindelle. "Agroforestry for ruminants: a review of trees and shrubs as fodder in silvopastoral temperate and tropical production systems." Animal Production Science 58, no. 5 (2018): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16434.

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Among the oldest agroforestry systems, silvopastoralism uses shrubs and trees to feed ruminants. The practice is common in extensive livestock production systems, whereas the intensification of grass-based systems in the past century has led to the removal of woody species from agricultural temperate landscapes. In Europe however, woody species are promoted again on grasslands through environment-friendly policies due to the ecosystem services they provide such as carbon sequestration, control of soil erosion, limitation of airborne pollutants and biodiversity conservation. Positive effects of

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Stockdale, C. R., and J. R. Roche. "A review of the energy and protein nutrition of dairy cows through their dry period and its impact on early lactation performance." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 53, no. 7 (2002): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar01019.

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This review considers the current literature on the energy and protein nutrition of dry cows and its subsequent impact on early lactation performance. Energy intake close to calving appears to be critical to events that occur post-partum, such that a key objective of dry cow feeding should be to maximise or maintain feed intake immediately prior to calving, or at least to minimise the decline in intake. Although a decline in dry matter intake seems to be a normal adaptive event in peri-parturient ruminants, it is the magnitude and duration of the decline that are of concern. Most research has

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Tolkamp, B. J., and J. J. M. H. Ketelaars. "The effect of ad lib feeding on the efficiency of energy utilization in growing and lactating cattle." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1993 (March 1993): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600023825.

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Recently, we have proposed a new theory of feed intake regulation in ruminants (Ketelaars and Tolkamp, 1992a,b; Tolkamp and Ketelaars, 1992). This theory attributes great significance to the efficiency of metabolizable energy (ME) utilization for feed intake regulation. In brief, we assume that feed intake behaviour of ruminants aims at maximizing the ratio of net energy intake (representing the benefits of feeding) relative to oxygen consumption (representing the metabolic costs of feeding). Starting from this assumption, we have shown that knowledge of the efficiency of ME utilization obtain

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Marques, Orlando Filipe Costa, Eleuza Clarete Junqueira de Sales, Flávio Pinto Monção, Ariadne Freitas Silva, João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira, Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires, Leidy Darmony de Almeida Rufino, and Hellén Felicidade Durães. "Potential for using dehydrated banana peel as an additive in grass silage." Caderno de Ciências Agrárias 13 (November 15, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/2447-6218.2021.32807.

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Among the techniques for conserving forage for herbivore feeding, the production of grass silage has beenwidely used in recent times in tropical regions, however, the low content of dry matter and carbohydrates in these forages can hamper the fermentation of ensiled biomass. In this regard, the dehydrated banana peel presents itself as an alternative as an additive in the production of grass silage. Given the above, the objective of this review was to present the main aspects of the use of dehydrated banana peel as an additive in the production of grass silage. The review was developed through

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Ayasan, Tugay. "Moringa (Moringa Oleifera)’nın Kanatlı ve Ruminant Hayvan Beslemede Kullanılması." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 3, no. 6 (March 24, 2015): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v3i6.425-429.327.

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The poultry industry in the developing countries is facing some challenges, one of which is an increase in the cost of feed because of high prices of protein and energy sources. Moringa oleifera is a rich source of protein and crude fiber content. The crude protein (CP) content of Moringa ranges from 7.12 to 39.17%. Negligible content of tannins and other anti-nutritive compounds and offers an alternative source of protein to ruminants and non-ruminants. Although rich in nutrients such as protein and minerals, Moringa oleifera is one of those plants that have not been studied for many years. I

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Shah, Ali Mujtaba, Izhar Hyder Qazi, Maharach Matra, and Metha Wanapat. "Role of Chitin and Chitosan in Ruminant Diets and Their Impact on Digestibility, Microbiota and Performance of Ruminants." Fermentation 8, no. 10 (October 17, 2022): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8100549.

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The slow progress in the development of the subsector, particularly of alternative feed sources such as agro-industrial byproducts and unconventional feed resources, has deepened the gap in the availability of and accessibility to animal feed. Production of animal feed is highly resource demanding. Recently, it has been shown that increasing climate change, land degradation, and the recurrence of droughts have worsened the feed gap. In the backdrop of these challenges, there has been attention to food-not-feed components, which have great potential to substitute human-edible components in live

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Chen, Jiashun, Fang Wang, Yexin Yin, and Xiaokang Ma. "The nutritional applications of garlic (Allium sativum) as natural feed additives in animals." PeerJ 9 (August 10, 2021): e11934. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11934.

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Garlic (Allium sativum) is an essential vegetable that has been widely utilized as seasoning, flavoring, culinary and in herbal remedies. Garlic contains several characteristic organosulfur compounds, such as diallyl sulfide, allicin (diallyl thiosulphate), γ-glutamylcysteine, and S-allyl cysteine (alliin) and ajoene, which garlic has beneficial effects on inflammation, oxidative stress markers, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and endothelial function in vitro or in animal model. These bioactive molecules are also playing pivotal role in livestock and fisheries production apart from its applicat

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