Relevant bibliographies by topics / Runaway women in literature

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Runaway women in literature'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Runaway women in literature"

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Plattner, Andy. "Runaway." Sewanee Review 116, no. 1 (2008): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sew.2008.0009.

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Gilbert, Nora. "Lilith on the Moors: The Brontë Sisters' Runaway Women." Victorian Review 42, no. 2 (2016): 273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/vcr.2016.0064.

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Lieberman, Laurence. "I. V. Runaway." Hudson Review 43, no. 4 (1991): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3852184.

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Allison-Roan, Valerie. "Tales of a 43 Year-Old Runaway." Life Writing 11, no. 3 (June 19, 2014): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14484528.2014.928765.

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Garcin, Thomas. "Reading Manipulation In Runaway Horses by Mishima Yukio." Poetics Today 40, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 683–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03335372-7739085.

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In her seminal work, Authoritarian Fictions: Ideological Novels as a Literary Genre, Susan Rubin Suleiman emphasizes the co-optational dimension of romans à thèse, which seem addressed to readers who are already converted to the ideological perspective of these works. Political novels therefore tend to divide readers into two categories: proponents on the one hand, denigrators on the other. Based on a close reading of Runaway Horses (1969), Mishima Yukio’s most overtly ideological fictional work, this article is meant to enrich Suleiman’s model by showing that the most elaborate authoritarian fictional works use specific rhetorical tactics to soften or compensate for the excess of their message and to appeal to nonsympathizers. Focusing on chapters 9 and 10 of Runaway Horses, where the novel shifts from a classical and realist tone (chapters 1 to 8) to an ideological and authoritarian one (chapters 9 to 40), the article analyzes three of these rhetorical tactics: (1) the lightning rod, which consists of attracting criticisms about one specific and clearly delineated locus of the text, fulfilling an apotropaic function and serving as a foil for the rest; (2) prolepsis, which anticipates the reader’s likely negative comments and thus becomes in tune with his perspective; and (3) the tactic of enlarging the audience by which the narrator reincorporates a sectarian ideology into a larger and more universal ensemble. The conclusion questions the place of the reader and investigates the reading strategies that he or she may adopt in order to respond to this manipulation.
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Robertson, Stephen (Stephen Murray). "Prostitutes, Runaway Wives, Working Women, Charity Girls, Courting Couples, Spitting Women, Boastful Husbands, Pimps, and Johns." Journal of Women's History 20, no. 1 (2008): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2008.0012.

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Hassan, Lolav M. "JOURNEY WOMEN: WOMEN’S RESILIENCE AND TRANSFORMATION IN QASHAM BALATA’S RUNAWAY TO NOWHERE." Journal of The University of Duhok 21, no. 1 (July 27, 2018): 411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26682/hjuod.2018.21.1.22.

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Noh, Dabok, and Soobin Choi. "Development of a Family-Based Mental Health Program for Runaway Adolescents Using an Intervention Mapping Protocol." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 24, 2020): 7794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217794.

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The mental health and related quality of life of runaway adolescents are global public health issues. As few intervention studies have considered the family contexts of runaway adolescents, we aimed to develop an intervention tailored specifically to the needs of this population using an Intervention Mapping protocol. First, a literature review and interviews with runaway adolescents and youth shelter workers were conducted to create a logic model of the problem. Second, the behavioral and environmental outcomes were set to adapt to stressful situations and enable families to become more resourceful in dealing with family adversity, based on the results of needs assessment. Performance objectives and changeable determinants were also created by reviewing the pertinent theories and studies. Third, theory- and evidence-based methods to influence changes in the determinants were identified. Fourth, we designed an eight-session family-based mental health program incorporating individual and family approaches for runaway adolescents. Fifth, we determined that mental health nurses at community mental health centers linked to youth shelters would serve as the program implementers. Finally, we planned a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of our program on improving runaway adolescents’ mental health status and perceived family functioning.
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Maíz Apellániz, J., M. Pantaleoni González, R. H. Barbá, S. Simón-Díaz, I. Negueruela, D. J. Lennon, A. Sota, and E. Trigueros Páez. "Search for Galactic runaway stars using Gaia Data Release 1 and HIPPARCOS proper motions." Astronomy & Astrophysics 616 (August 2018): A149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832787.

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Context. The first Gaia Data Release (DR1) significantly improved the previously available proper motions for the majority of the Tycho-2 stars. Aims. We wish to detect runaway stars using Gaia DR1 proper motions and compare our results with previous searches. Methods. Runaway O stars and BA supergiants were detected using a 2D proper motion method. The sample was selected using Simbad, spectra from our GOSSS project, literature spectral types, and photometry processed using the code CHORIZOS. Results. We detect 76 runaway stars, 17 (possibly 19) of them with no prior identification as such, with an estimated detection rate of approximately one half of the real runaway fraction. An age effect appears to be present, with objects of spectral subtype B1 and later having traveled for longer distances than runaways of earlier subtypes. We also tentatively propose that the fraction of runaways is lower among BA supergiants that among O stars, but further studies using future Gaia data releases are needed to confirm this. The frequency of fast rotators is high among runaway O stars, which indicates that a significant fraction of them (and possibly the majority) is produced in supernova explosions.
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Maury Bruhn. "Runaway Narratives: Structural Experimentation in Leïla Sebbar's Shérazade." Research in African Literatures 47, no. 4 (2016): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/reseafrilite.47.4.03.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Runaway women in literature"

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Lund, Karin. "Runaway Beauties : Coping Strategies among Returning Filipino Women who Experienced Labour Trafficking." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-2893.

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The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of how Filipino female returnees cope with the experience of labour trafficking when reintegrated into their home communities, and how this coping relate to existing research on comparable returnee experiences. The empirical material consists of qualitative interviews with five returnees, conducted during an eight-week stay in the Philippines. The study identifies coping strategies adapted upon return, and analyzes them in the light of the local context and previous studies in the field. The results of the study indicate that, according to the women’s descriptions, strategies related to the escape/avoidance coping type are adapted to a higher extent than other types of coping strategies. These strategies seem to be highly related to the experience or fear of becoming victims of gossiping neighbours and/or patronizing family members. Distancing through humour was also appearing to a great extent in all the interviews, as well as seeking social support. It was found that the strategies expressed by the women were mostly emotion-focused or dysfunctional as opposed to problem-focused, but in many cases active as opposed to passive. The most common social support resources appearing in the interviews were the family, the church, and the supporting organization. The experiences of the respondents have a lot in common with the experiences brought forward in other studies in the same field, though it is important to be aware of the different social and cultural settings in which most of the existing research has been implemented. With this study, the author hopes to contribute to a better understanding of what kind of support Filipino female labour trafficking returnees are in need of, and how to further develop the support system for them and similar groups.
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de, Oliveira Flavio. "Runaway memories : a collection of short stories exploring various styles of memory-based narratives." Thesis, Southampton Solent University, 2016. http://ssudl.solent.ac.uk/3796/.

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It is arguable that memories are one of the most important aspects of the human mind. It is through memory that we are able to learn, to make decisions, to evolve. Michael Jacob Kahana (2012) suggests that “our memories define who we are, and our ability to learn and make new memories determines who we become” (Kahana, 2012, p.13). It has also been a topic by several literary authors in their works, such as James Joyce, Virginia Woolf and Antonio Lobo Antunes. This thesis approaches the subject of memories by researching theories and notions regarding the functions of memory and how memories are processed. It embodies the combination of research and practice, where the research into theoretical materials is used in order to develop a collection of short stories. This thesis has the main objective of approaching the practical side of creative writing with thorough background research in theories of human memory, linking all the short stories through the overarching theme of memory and the creative practice, delivering a consistent and unique approach to the field of Creative Writing. That is, these short stories are interpretations of the research through creative endeavour, and aim to explore these theories through the developed narratives. With each story, there is an accompanying critical commentary which describes the creative process and the theoretical approaches that influenced each of them, as well as the literary influences that informed the development of each story.
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Sword, Kirsten Denise. "Wayward wives, runaway slaves and the limits of patriarchal authority in early America." Ann Arbor, Mich. : UMI Dissertation Services, 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/53820390.html.

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Romanczuk, Barbara L. "Screening Zola's women /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486402544590054.

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Prasad, Anjali. "Does "Little Women" Belittle Women?: Female Influence in Louisa May Alcott's "Little Women"." W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625888.

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Headrick, Ashlee S. Sherman Carol L. "Images of women mentoring women in French literature 1650-1750." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,258.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Romance Languages (French)." Discipline: Romance Languages; Department/School: Romance Languages.
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Fridriksdottir, Johanna Katrin. "Women, bodies, words and power : Women in old Norse literature." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527305.

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Hadjitheodorou, Francisca. "Women speak the creative transformation of women in African literature /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08022006-130211/.

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Hay, Jody L. "Native American women in children's literature." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291972.

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This thesis focuses on the roles of Native women in children's literature. The study explores the works of five Native women writers in the United States that have successfully published adult literature and at least one children's book since 1990. The purpose of the research is to gain a better understanding of what these writers reveal about the roles of Native women in their literature for children. The data was collected using content analysis on the books and a questionnaire to determine (1) what roles the Native writers convey in their children's literature; and (2) what these women are writing in this field and their perspectives on the writing process. The findings of this research discuss these writers' portrayals of the complexity of Native women's roles as well as offer insight into their craft.
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Oxendine, Jessica Grace. "Warrior Women in Early Modern Literature." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271872/.

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Fantasies about warrior women circulated in many forms of writing in early modern England: travel narratives such as Sir Walter Ralegh's The Discoverie of Guiana (1595) portray Amazon encounters in the New World; poems like Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene (1596) depict women's skill with a spear; and the plays of Shakespeare, John Fletcher, and others stage the adventurous feats of women on the battlefield. In this dissertation, I analyze the social anxieties that emerge when warrior women threaten gender hierarchies in the patriarchal society of early modern England. The battlefield has traditionally been a site for men to prove their masculinity against other men, so when male characters find themselves submitting to a sword-wielding woman, they are forced to reimagine their own masculine identities as they become the objects acted upon by women. In their experience of subjectivity, these literary warrior women often allude to the historical Queen Elizabeth I, whose reign destabilized ideas about gender and power in the period. Negative evaluations of warrior women often indicate anxiety about Elizabeth as an Amazon-like queen. Thus, portrayals of warrior women often end with a celebration of patriarchal dominance once the male characters have successfully contained the threat of the warrior woman through marriage or death. I argue that these depictions of containment indicate a common desire to maintain patriarchal superiority during and after Elizabeth's reign.
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Books on the topic "Runaway women in literature"

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Sandra, Jordan, ed. Runaway girl: The artist Louise Bourgeois. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2003.

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Grzybowska, Aleksandra. La fugueuse et ses avatars dans l'œuvre romanesque de Suzanne Jacob. Katowice: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 2009.

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Robison, Mary. Subtraction. New York: Knopf, 1991.

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Robison, Mary. Subtraction. New York: Knopf, 1991.

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Peart, Jane. Runaway heart. Thorndike, Me: Thorndike Press, 2001.

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Peart, Jane. Runaway heart. Grand Rapids, Mich: Zondervan Pub. House, 1994.

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Browne, Hester. Runaway princess. New York: Gallery Books, 2012.

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Runaway bride. New York: Avalon Books, 1999.

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Leavitt, Martine. My book of life by angel. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR), 2012.

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Leavitt, Martine. My book of life by Angel. Toronto: Groundwood Books/House of Anansi Press, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Runaway women in literature"

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Kaplan, Cora. "Runaway Discourse: Women Write Slavery, Race, and Empire." In The History of British Women’s Writing, 1830–1880, 107–24. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58465-6_7.

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Sanok, Catherine. "Women and Literature." In A Concise Companion to Middle English Literature, 54–76. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444308310.ch3.

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Thompson, Sanna J., Stephanie Begun, and Kimberly Bender. "Pregnancy and Parenting Among Runaway and Homeless Young Women." In Handbook of Missing Persons, 77–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40199-7_7.

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Friðriksdóttir, Jóhanna Katrín. "Women Speaking." In Women in Old Norse Literature, 15–45. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137118066_2.

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Friðriksdóttir, Jóhanna Katrín. "Monstrous Women." In Women in Old Norse Literature, 59–77. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137118066_4.

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Profeta, Paola, Livia Amidani Aliberti, Alessandra Casarico, Marilisa D’Amico, and Anna Puccio. "Quotas on Boards: Evidence from the Literature." In Women Directors, 41–67. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137427489_3.

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Friðriksdóttir, Jóhanna Katrín. "Women and Magic." In Women in Old Norse Literature, 47–58. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137118066_3.

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Barker, A. "Women without men in the writing of contemporary Soviet women writers." In Russian Literature and Psychoanalysis, 431. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/llsee.31.24bar.

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DelRosso, Jeana. "Introduction: Catholic Literature, Academia, and Feminism." In Writing Catholic Women, 1–9. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-04654-3_1.

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DelRosso, Jeana. "Contemporary International Catholic Literature by Women." In Writing Catholic Women, 11–30. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-04654-3_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Runaway women in literature"

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Ismawati, E., Warsito Warsito, and KA Anindita. "Javanese Women in Old Literature Text: Literature Ethnography Study." In Proceedings of the Third International Seminar on Recent Language, Literature, and Local Culture Studies, BASA, 20-21 September 2019, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-9-2019.2296756.

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Nazri, Nor, Azizan Zainuddin, and Suhaimi Samad. "Where Am I? The Literature On Women And Household Poverty Using Systematic Literature Review." In The Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of Social Science and Education, ICSSED 2020, August 4-5 2020, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.4-8-2020.2302924.

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Zhao, Chenchen. "The Imprisoned “Crazy Women”." In proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Literature, Art and Human Development (ICLAHD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201215.495.

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"THE IMAGE OF NEW WOMEN IN SHOBHA DE’S NOVEL SOCIALITE EVENINGS." In National Conference on Translation, Language & Literature. ELK Asia Pacific Journals, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.16962/elkapj/si.nctll-2015.32.

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Sen, Soumya, Ashish Raman, and Mamta Khosla. "A Literature Survey on Tunnel Field Effect Transistors." In International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.65.

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TFET or Tunnel Field Effect Transistor in recent times has been the center of attraction of vast number of researcher’s despite of having minute subthreshold slope and excessive Ion/Ioff ratio. It is known that TFETs are much more immune to short-channel effects and fluctuations of random dopants in comparison to their MOSFET counterparts. TFETs are actually gated p-i-n diodes having tunneling current flowing between source and channel bands. In this paper deep rooted literature review has been done scanning each and every aspects of TFET including the variations of performance with different parameters. The paper finally gives a picture on the recent progress of TFET in different aspects such as from subthreshold swing to a significantly lower leakage current and high on current .For the simulation curves Nanohub.org was used as a tool. Lastly different types of TFET in respect of doping to symmetry and also gates are compared.
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Agustina, Hiqma Nur. "Latifa, Afghan Women and Unfinished Struggle." In Proceedings of the Second Conference on Language, Literature, Education, and Culture (ICOLLITE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icollite-18.2019.25.

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Longe, Omowunmi Mary, and Khmaies Ouahada. "A Literature Review on Challenges and Opportunities for Women in Engineering." In 2019 IEEE AFRICON. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/africon46755.2019.9133955.

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de Guzman, Yvonne Christelle, and Charity Faye Cabie. "Dominant Ideology among Filipino Women as Perpetuated by CosmopolitanMagazine’s Front Cover." In Annual International Conference on Language, Literature & Linguistics (L3 2016). Global Science & Technology Forum ( GSTF ), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3566_l316.26.

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Gani, Erizal. "Sumbang Duo Baleh: Education-Valued Expression for Minangkabau Women." In The 3rd International Conference on Language, Literature, and Education (ICLLE 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201109.024.

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"A Probe into the Postmodernism in The French Lieutenant’s Women." In 2019 International Conference on Advances in Literature, Arts and Communication. The Academy of Engineering and Education (AEE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35532/jahs.v1.014.

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Reports on the topic "Runaway women in literature"

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Magee, Caroline E. The Characterization of the African-American Male in Literature by African-American Women. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada299399.

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Leotti, Sandra. Interrogating the Construction and Representations of Criminalized Women in the Academic Social Work Literature: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6996.

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Sharp, Marilyn A. Physical Fitness, Physical Training and Occupational Performance of Men and Women in the U.S. Army: A Review of Literature. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada266297.

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Barker, Gary, Jorge Lyra, and Benedito Medrado. The roles, responsibilities, and realities of married adolescent males and adolescent fathers: A brief literature review. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1004.

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From the perspective of developing countries, we know relatively little about married adolescent males and adolescent fathers, and much of what we know is inferred from research with young women or comes from a few specific regions in the world. However, there has been a growing interest in the issue on the part of researchers, policy-makers, and program staff. This interest has coincided with increasing attention in general to men, with gender studies, and with sexual and reproductive health initiatives. Early marriage and early childbearing are much more prevalent among young women than young men, and the negative consequences are more significant among young women. Nonetheless, it is the behavior and attitudes of men, within social contexts where gender hierarchies favor men over women, that often create young women’s vulnerability. Much of the research and literature on adolescent fathers comes from Latin America, the Caribbean, North America, and Europe. This paper reviews some of the literature on young married men and young fathers, concluding with suggestions for engaging young men to promote better reproductive and sexual health and more favorable life outcomes for married adolescent women and young men.
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Roberts, Tony, and Kevin Hernandez. Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition: A Literature Review and Proposed Conceptual Framework. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.018.

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This paper begins by locating the Global Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition project (GODAN) in the context of wider debates in the open data movement by first reviewing the literature on open data and open data for agriculture and nutrition (ODAN). The review identifies a number of important gaps and limitations in the existing literature. There has been no independent evaluation of who most benefits or who is being left behind regarding ODAN. There has been no independent evaluation of gender or diversity in ODAN or of the development outcomes or impacts of ODAN. The existing research on ODAN is over-reliant on key open data organisations and open data insiders who produce most of the research. This creates bias in the data and analysis. The authors recommend that these gaps are addressed in future research. The paper contributes a novel conceptual ‘SCOTA’ framework for analysing the barriers to and drivers of open data adoption, which could be readily applied in other domains. Using this framework to review the existing literature highlights the fact that ODAN research and practice has been predominantly supply-side focused on the production of open data. The authors argue that if open data is to ‘leave no one behind’, greater attention now needs to be paid to understanding the demand-side of the equation and the role of intermediaries. The paper argues that there is a compelling need to improve the participation of women, people living with disabilities, and other marginalised groups in all aspects of open data for agriculture and nutrition. The authors see a need for further research and action to enhance the capabilities of marginalised people to make effective use of open data. The paper concludes with the recommendation that an independent strategic review of open data in agriculture and nutrition is overdue. Such a review should encompass the structural factors shaping the process of ODAN; include a focus on the intermediary and demand-side processes; and identify who benefits and who is being left behind.
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Viswanathan, Meera, Jennifer Cook Middleton, Alison Stuebe, Nancy Berkman, Alison N. Goulding, Skyler McLaurin-Jiang, Andrea B. Dotson, et al. Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer236.

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Background. Untreated maternal mental health disorders can have devastating sequelae for the mother and child. For women who are currently or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding, a critical question is whether the benefits of treating psychiatric illness with pharmacologic interventions outweigh the harms for mother and child. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of pharmacologic interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and postpartum women with mental health disorders. We searched four databases and other sources for evidence available from inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled the literature through March 2, 2021; dually screened the results; and analyzed eligible studies. We included studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women with a new or preexisting diagnosis of a mental health disorder treated with pharmacotherapy; we excluded psychotherapy. Eligible comparators included women with the disorder but no pharmacotherapy or women who discontinued the pharmacotherapy before pregnancy. Results. A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period probably improves depressive symptoms at 30 days (least square mean difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, -2.6; p=0.02; N=209) when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may improve response (calculated relative risk [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 5.24; N=36), remission (calculated RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 6.70; N=36), and depressive symptoms (p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) when compared with placebo. Discontinuing use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy may increase recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; N=89) and reduce time to recurrence of mood disorders (2 vs. 28 weeks, AHR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 91; N=26) for bipolar disorder when compared with continued use. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo (5% vs. 0%). More than 95 percent of studies reporting on harms were observational in design and unable to fully account for confounding. These studies suggested some associations between benzodiazepine exposure before conception and ectopic pregnancy; between specific antidepressants during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion, and child outcomes such as respiratory issues, low Apgar scores, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, depression in children, and autism spectrum disorder; between quetiapine or olanzapine and gestational diabetes; and between benzodiazepine and neonatal intensive care admissions. Causality cannot be inferred from these studies. We found insufficient evidence on benefits and harms from comparative effectiveness studies, with one exception: one study suggested a higher risk of overall congenital anomalies (adjusted RR [ARR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.78; N=2,608) and cardiac anomalies (ARR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.34; N=2,608) for lithium compared with lamotrigine during first- trimester exposure. Conclusions. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality. The limited evidence available is consistent with some benefit, and some studies suggested increased adverse events. However, because these studies could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association, the causal link between the exposure and adverse events is unclear. Patients and clinicians need to make an informed, collaborative decision on treatment choices.
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de Leede, Seran. Tackling Women’s Support of Far-Right Extremism: Experiences from Germany. RESOLVE Network, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2021.13.remve.

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Persistent gendered assumptions about women and violence predominately depict women as non-violent and peaceful. Due to this gender blindness and simplistic frames used to understand the attraction of women toward far-right extremist groups, women tend to get overlooked as active participants, and their roles ignored or downplayed. This not only hinders the overall understanding of far-right extremist groups but also impedes the development of effective counterprograms that specifically address the experiences and paths of these women. Drawing from the experiences and insights of German initiatives and from additional literature on the topic, this policy note explores the wide-ranging motivations of women joining far-right extremist groups and the different roles they can play in them. By including wider research to why women leave far-right extremist groups, the policy note offers lessons learned and recommendations that may be helpful in optimizing prevention and exit programs aimed at women in far-right extremist groups beyond the German context.
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Mosha, Devotha B., John Jeckoniah, Aida Isinika, and Gideon Boniface. The Influence of Sunflower Commercialisation and Diversity on Women's Empowerment: The Case of Iramba and Mkalama Districts, Singida Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.014.

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There is a growing body of literature that argues that normally women derive little benefit from cash crops. Some of the barriers leading to women having less benefit from cash crop value chains include cultural norms and power differences in access to, and control over, resources among actors in value chains. It is also argued that women’s participation in different forms of collective action help women to increase benefits to them through their increased agency, hence enabling them to utilise existing and diverse options for their empowerment. This paper explores how women have benefited from their engagement in sunflower commercialisation and how culture has influenced changes in access to, and control over, resources, including land, for their empowerment.
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Carter, Becky. Strengthening Gender Equality in Decision-making in Somaliland. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.078.

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This rapid review searched for literature on how and why women continue to struggle in Somaliland to achieve formal political representation and to take on informal decision-making roles on local peace and political matters, from community to national levels. Women’s participation in peacebuilding and political decision-making in Somaliland is very limited. A key barrier is the clan system underpinning Somaliland’s political settlement. Entrenched and politicised, patriarchal clans exclude women (and other minority groups) from formal and customary leadership and decision-making roles. Other contributing factors are conservative religious attitudes and traditional gender norms. Structural inequalities – such as low levels of education, lack of funds, and high levels of violence towards women and girls – impede women’s participation. Some women are more disempowered than others, such as women from minority clans and internally displaced women. However, there is increasing disillusionment with clan politicisation and a growing recognition of women’s value. There are opportunities for framing gender equality in local cultural and religious terms and supporting grassroots activism.
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Idris, Iffat. Increasing Birth Registration for Children of Marginalised Groups in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.102.

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This review looks at approaches to promote birth registration among marginalised groups, in order to inform programming in Pakistan. It draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature, in particular reports by international development organizations. While there is extensive literature on rates of birth registration and the barriers to this, and consensus on approaches to promote registration, the review found less evidence of measures specifically aimed at marginalised groups. Gender issues are addressed to some extent, particularly in understanding barriers to registration, but the literature was largely disability-blind. The literature notes that birth registration is considered as a fundamental human right, allowing access to services such as healthcare and education; it is the basis for obtaining other identity documents, e.g. driving licenses and passports; it protects children, e.g. from child marriage; and it enables production of vital statistics to support government planning and resource allocation. Registration rates are generally lower than average for vulnerable children, e.g. from minority groups, migrants, refugees, children with disabilities. Discriminatory policies against minorities, restrictions on movement, lack of resources, and lack of trust in government are among the ‘additional’ barriers affecting the most marginalised. Women, especially unmarried women, also face greater challenges in getting births registered. General approaches to promoting birth registration include legal and policy reform, awareness-raising activities, capacity building of registration offices, integration of birth registration with health services/education/social safety nets, and the use of digital technology to increase efficiency and accessibility.
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