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Journal articles on the topic 'Rungwe'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

ENGHOFF, HENRIK. "A new species of the Chaleponcus dabagaensis-group from Mount Rungwe, Tanzania—support for an extended concept of the Eastern Arc Mountains (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Odontopygidae)." Zootaxa 4353, no. 2 (2017): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4353.2.11.

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Chaleponcus altirungwensis sp. nov. is described from Mount Rungwe, Tanzania. The new species belongs to the Chaleponcus dabagaensis group which is otherwise restricted to the Udzungwa Mountains and joins a growing set of taxa indicating close biogeographical connections between Mount Rungwe and the Eastern Arc Mountains in a strict sense.

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2

Kalinga, Atupakisye S., Richard Y. M. Kangalawe, and James G. Lyimo. "Drivers of Livelihoods Diversification in Rungwe District." Journal of Sustainable Development 12, no. 4 (2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n4p86.

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This paper examined the factors influencing livelihoods diversification in Rungwe district. Specifically, the study assessed the livelihoods activities in the study area and determined the drivers of livelihoods diversification. The study was carried out in six villages of Rungwe District, Mbeya Region in which about 253 households were interviewed for the study. Data was collected through documentary review, household interviews, focused group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews (KIIs), transect walks and field observation. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 20 and Excel spreadsheet. While chi-square test was conducted to determine the associations between influencing factors and livelihoods activities, content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. The study results showed that there were various livelihoods activities in the study villages such as cash crop production, livestock keeping, trade and wage labour. Livelihoods diversification was influenced by factors like markets, climate, population, land shortages, institutions, policies, and livelihoods assets. However, agriculture has remained the main occupation of households in Rungwe District. Moreover, market appeared to be a strong factor in influencing livelihoods diversification in the area than any other factors. On that basis, this paper recommends that livelihoods activities which were environmentally friendly should be encouraged. Additionally, markets and transport services should be improved to provide equal opportunities for diversification among rural populations.

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3

Fontijn, Karen, David Williamson, Evelyne Mbede, and Gerald G. J. Ernst. "The Rungwe Volcanic Province, Tanzania – A volcanological review." Journal of African Earth Sciences 63 (February 2012): 12–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2011.11.005.

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4

Fontijn, Karen, Marlina A. Elburg, Igor K. Nikogosian, Manfred J. van Bergen, and Gerald G. J. Ernst. "Petrology and geochemistry of Late Holocene felsic magmas from Rungwe volcano (Tanzania), with implications for trachytic Rungwe Pumice eruption dynamics." Lithos 177 (September 2013): 34–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2013.05.012.

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5

Fontijn, Karen, Gerald G. J. Ernst, Marlina A. Elburg, et al. "Holocene explosive eruptions in the Rungwe Volcanic Province, Tanzania." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 196, no. 1-2 (2010): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.07.021.

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6

Fontijn, Karen, and Patric Jacobs. "Physical volcanological study of the Rungwe volcanic province, Tanzania." Afrika Focus 24, no. 1 (2011): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02401011.

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7

Kibonde, Suma F. "Indigenous Knowledge and Conservation of Medicinal Plants in Rungwe District, Tanzania." OALib 07, no. 07 (2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106545.

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8

Furman, Tanya. "Melting of metasomatized subcontinental lithosphere: undersaturated mafic lavas from Rungwe, Tanzania." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 122, no. 1-2 (1995): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050115.

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9

Zinner, Dietmar, Idrissa S. Chuma, Sascha Knauf, and Christian Roos. "Inverted intergeneric introgression between critically endangered kipunjis and yellow baboons in two disjunct populations." Biology Letters 14, no. 1 (2018): 20170729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0729.

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Intergeneric hybridization and introgression was reported from one of two populations of the recently discovered kipunji ( Rungwecebus kipunji ), a critically endangered African monkey species of southern Tanzania. Kipunjis of the introgressed population (from Mount Rungwe) carry a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype closely related to those of parapatric yellow baboons ( Papio cynocephalus ), whereas the second kipunji population, in the Udzungwa Mountains, carries the original kipunji mtDNA haplotypes, which diverged from the baboon lineage about 3 million years ago. Interestingly, in our study of yellow baboons in Tanzania, we found that baboons from the southeastern boundary of the Udzungwa Mountains carry mtDNA haplotypes closely related to the original kipunji haplotype, whereas baboons from the northern boundary, as expected, carry mtDNA haplotypes of the northern yellow baboon clade. These findings provide evidence for a case of inverted intergeneric admixture in primates: (i) a baboon mtDNA haplotype introgressed the Mount Rungwe kipunji population by mitochondrial capture and (ii) an Udzungwa Mountains kipunji mtDNA haplotype introgressed a small subpopulation of yellow baboons by either mitochondrial capture or nuclear swamping. The baboon–kipunji example therefore constitutes an interesting system for further studies of the effects of genetic admixture on fitness and speciation.

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10

Hutterer, Rainer, Paulina D. Jenkins, and Walter N. Verheyen. "A new forest shrew from southern Tanzania." Oryx 25, no. 3 (1991): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300034190.

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A new species of shrew, Crocidura desperata n. sp. (Mammalia: Soricidae), is described from specimens recently collected in the Rungwe Forest and the Uzungwe Mountains in southern Tanzania. It is a large and long-furred shrew closely resembling Crocidura lanosa from Mt Kahuzi in eastern Zaire. Like other small mammals with a relict distribution, the newly discovered species appears to be highly vulnerable to forest destruction.

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11

Ebinger, C. J., A. L. Deino, R. E. Drake, and A. L. Tesha. "Chronology of volcanism and rift basin propagation: Rungwe Volcanic Province, East Africa." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 94, B11 (1989): 15785–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb094ib11p15785.

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12

Ebinger, C. J., Sarah Jaye Oliva, Thi‐Quan Pham, et al. "Kinematics of Active Deformation in the Malawi Rift and Rungwe Volcanic Province, Africa." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 20, no. 8 (2019): 3928–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019gc008354.

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13

Fontijn, Karen, Gerald G. J. Ernst, Costanza Bonadonna, Marlina A. Elburg, Evelyne Mbede, and Patric Jacobs. "The ~4-ka Rungwe Pumice (South-Western Tanzania): a wind-still Plinian eruption." Bulletin of Volcanology 73, no. 9 (2011): 1353–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0486-8.

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14

Mwakalobo, Adam B. S. "Implications of HIV/AIDS for Rural Livelihoods in Tanzania: The Example of Rungwe District." African Studies Review 50, no. 3 (2007): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2008.0019.

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Abstract:HIV/AIDS is disrupting household livelihood security in Tanzania's rural communities and contributing to rural impoverishment by claiming the lives of the most productive young adults who make up the bulk of the labor force in those areas. This article presents results of a case study based on a survey of 119 households conducted in three villages of Rungwe district in Tanzania. The results reveal that households with HIV/AIDS deaths spend less on food than those without AIDS deaths, and that households with HIV and AIDS-related deaths are more likely to fall below the poverty line.

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15

Karwani, GM, LLL Lulandala, A. Kimaro, and ZP Msigwa. "The role of short rotation coppice technology in fuelwood supply in Rungwe district, Tanzania." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 6, no. 1 (2016): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v6i1.29211.

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The roles of Short Rotation Coppice (SRC) Technology in fuelwood supply and offsetting CO2 emissions in the Tanzania and most African countries remain poorly understood. This study was carried in Rungwe District, Mbeya region in Tanzania, to determine trends, extent and drivers of adoption of SRC; identify various sources of household energy and assess the contribution of SRC to the total household fuelwood needs, and trees and shrub species used as sources of fuelwood. Data were collected using reconnaissance, field and social surveys and was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results revealed that, 97.5% of local community adopted the SRC technology since 1960s. Eucalyptus spp. are mostly planted in woodlots and field boundaries while Persea americana and Leucaena leucocephala are intercropped in farmlands. The survey indicated that out of 176 tons of fuelwood used annually, 73% comes from SRC technology, 25% from non-SRC technology, and only 2% is purchased to supplement household fuelwood shortage. Local communities depend heavily on biomass energy from woodlots and farmlands where tree species like Eucalyptus spp. plays a key role in meeting the energy demand. This study demonstrates that SRC technologies like woodlots, boundary planting, and intercropping in farmland hold high promise to meet the household energy demand. If promoted and backed with strong policies and supportive land tenure, these technologies may reduce the harvesting pressure on native forests for energy demand and contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 6 (1): 41-46, June, 2016

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16

De Luca, Daniela W., and Noah E. Mpunga. "Leopard abundance, distribution and food habits in the Mt. Rungwe-Kitulo landscape, Southern Tanzania." African Journal of Ecology 56, no. 2 (2018): 358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aje.12464.

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17

Hilton, D. R., S. A. Halldórsson, P. H. Barry, et al. "Helium isotopes at Rungwe Volcanic Province, Tanzania, and the origin of East African Plateaux." Geophysical Research Letters 38, no. 21 (2011): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011gl049589.

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18

Coffinet, Sarah, Arnaud Huguet, David Williamson, Céline Fosse, and Sylvie Derenne. "Potential of GDGTs as a temperature proxy along an altitudinal transect at Mount Rungwe (Tanzania)." Organic Geochemistry 68 (March 2014): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.01.004.

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19

Borrego, David, Andrew A. Nyblade, Natalie J. Accardo, et al. "Crustal structure surrounding the northern Malawi rift and beneath the Rungwe Volcanic Province, East Africa." Geophysical Journal International 215, no. 2 (2018): 1410–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy331.

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20

Mwangosi, Ibrahim E. A. T., Kisa M. Mwakatobe, and Anne N. K. Astrom. "Sources of oral health information and teaching materials for primary schoolteachers in Rungwe district, Tanzania." International Dental Journal 52, no. 6 (2002): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595x.2002.tb00644.x.

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21

Itambu, Makarius Peter. "Managing the Balance: Ecological Pressures and Heritage Resources in Rungwe District, Southern Highlands of Tanzania." Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 04, no. 03 (2016): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/gep.2016.43007.

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22

Delalande, Manuëlla, Laurent Bergonzini, Fabrizio Gherardi, et al. "Fluid geochemistry of natural manifestations from the Southern Poroto–Rungwe hydrothermal system (Tanzania): Preliminary conceptual model." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 199, no. 1-2 (2011): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.11.002.

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23

de Moor, J. M., T. P. Fischer, Z. D. Sharp, et al. "Gas chemistry and nitrogen isotope compositions of cold mantle gases from Rungwe Volcanic Province, southern Tanzania." Chemical Geology 339 (February 2013): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.08.004.

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24

Mwakisunga, B., and A. E. Majule. "The influence of altitude and management on carbon stock quantities in rungwe forest, southern highland of Tanzania." Open Journal of Ecology 02, no. 04 (2012): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2012.24025.

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25

Mwakaje, Agnes Godfrey. "Dairy farming and biogas use in Rungwe district, South-west Tanzania: A study of opportunities and constraints." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 12, no. 8 (2008): 2240–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2007.04.013.

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26

Suma, F. Kibonde, Augustino Suzana, P. Mabiki Faith, and Mdegela Robinson. "Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to manage HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections in Rungwe, Mbeya Region, Tanzania." Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 12, no. 2 (2018): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jmpr2017.6476.

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27

Mboya, Rose. "The Characteristics, Importance and Usage of the Roof Storage Method for Maize Storage in Rungwe District, Tanzania." Journal of Human Ecology 50, no. 2 (2015): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2015.11906871.

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28

Mboya, Rose Mujila. "An investigation of the extent of infestation of stored maize by insect pests in Rungwe District, Tanzania." Food Security 5, no. 4 (2013): 525–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-013-0279-3.

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29

ENGHOFF, HENRIK. "A new East African genus of spirostreptid millipedes (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), with notes on their fungal ectoparasite Rickia gigas." Zootaxa 4273, no. 4 (2017): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4273.4.3.

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The new genus Tropostreptus is erected to accommodate seven species which are all endemic in Tanzania: T. hamatus (Demange, 1977) (type species, = Spirostreptus hamatus Demange, 1977), T. sigmatospinus sp. nov., T. microcephalus sp. nov., T. droides sp. nov., T. kipunji spec. nov., T. austerus (Attems, 1950) (= Epistreptus austerus Attems, 1950) and T. severus sp. nov. All but one (T. sigmatospinus) of the species are restricted to the Eastern Arc Mts. in a wide sense, i.e., including Mt. Rungwe. Notes are included on Rickia gigas Santamaria et al., 2016 (Ascomycota: Laboulbeniales), which infects several Tropostreptus species. The typical, long-celled form of R. gigas grows on body parts of both sexes coming into contact during copulation, whereas a short-celled form also ascribed to R. gigas grows on the hind margin of body rings of both sexes. A key to Tropostreptus species is included.

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30

Williamson, David, Amos Majule, Manuella Delalande, et al. "A potential feedback between landuse and climate in the Rungwe tropical highland stresses a critical environmental research challenge." Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 6 (February 2014): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2013.11.014.

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31

Williams, T. M., P. J. Henney, and R. B. Owen. "Recent eruptive episodes of the Rungwe volcanic field (Tanzania) recorded in lacustrine sediments of the Northern malawi rift." Journal of African Earth Sciences (and the Middle East) 17, no. 1 (1993): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(93)90020-q.

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32

Makunza, John K., and G. Senthil Kumaran. "Analyses of Deteriorating Old Masonry Buildings; Characterisation of Materials for Establishment of their Compatible Repairs." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 15 (April 2015): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.15.47.

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Most of the Governmental and religious building structures in Rungwe district are masonry structures built during the German East Africa period. These structures are deteriorating despite of various efforts on their repair intervention using modern cements and paints. This paper studies the types of mineral binders used, composition and physical characteristics of these in-situ mortar materials for the purpose of deciding on their appropriate compatible repair materials. Field observations and investigations, laboratory materials testing and review of the literature showed that the in-situ mortar materials constituted of sub-hydraulic lime mineral binders to natural sand (1:3) mortars. Currently there are no producers of hydraulic lime in Africa and a limited production worldwide. Mix design and analysis of locally available hydrated lime plus pozzolana natural sand (1:3) mortar material have shown compatibility in chemical and major physical properties and characteristics with the substrate in-situ hardened sub-hydraulic masonry mortars. Therefore use of these repair mortars is recommended for compatible repairs to these masonry structures and as a regional alternative to cement based materials for low rise masonry structures.

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33

Fontijn, Karen, Damien Delvaux, Gerald G. J. Ernst, Matthieu Kervyn, Evelyne Mbede, and Patric Jacobs. "Tectonic control over active volcanism at a range of scales: Case of the Rungwe Volcanic Province, SW Tanzania; and hazard implications." Journal of African Earth Sciences 58, no. 5 (2010): 764–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2009.11.011.

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34

Barry, P. H., D. R. Hilton, T. P. Fischer, J. M. de Moor, F. Mangasini, and C. Ramirez. "Helium and carbon isotope systematics of cold “mazuku” CO2 vents and hydrothermal gases and fluids from Rungwe Volcanic Province, southern Tanzania." Chemical Geology 339 (February 2013): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.07.003.

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35

Grijalva, Ashley, Andrew A. Nyblade, Kyle Homman, et al. "Seismic Evidence for Plume- and Craton-Influenced Upper Mantle Structure Beneath the Northern Malawi Rift and the Rungwe Volcanic Province, East Africa." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 19, no. 10 (2018): 3980–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018gc007730.

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36

Mwakisunga, Benard. "Forest Biomass Management challenges in Commercially Exotic Tree Plantations Areas. A case study from the Rungwe Volcanic Province (Southern Highlands of Tanzania)." Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 05, no. 03 (2017): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/gep.2017.53006.

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37

Kibona, Neema Jangstony. "An Analysis of a Noun Phrase in Ichindali." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 10, no. 5 (2019): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1005.02.

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Ichindali is one of the Ethnic Community Languages spoken by an increasing population of the Ndali people in Mbeya region. The Ndali people live in southern Tanzania, Mbeya Region. Ileje District has 124,451 speakers in 2012. Ileje is bordered to the North by Mbeya rural and Rungwe district, to the East by Kyela district. Ndali people live in an area which crosses the Tanzania Malawi border. This paper investigates the way noun phrases are formed in Ichindali and the order of their formation (constituents) in this particular language. Therefore the main objectives of this paper were: i. To find out the Criteria for categorizing noun phrase elements in Ichindali. ii. To examine the various kinds of dependents in Ichindali noun phrase. In arriving at these objectives, the writer posed the following questions as a guide: i. What are the criteria relevant in categorizing the dependents of the noun in Ichindali? ii. What kinds of dependents form a noun phrase in Ichindali? A conclusion has been drawn from this work is that, the structure of a noun phrase in Ichindali is N-Det-Mod. An NP can function as a subject, direct or primary objects which is normally expressed in the accusative case, indirect or secondary object in dative case as well as an object of preposition.

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38

Perissinotto, Renzo, Lynette Clennell, and Gerhard Beinhundner. "Lophorrhinides muellerae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae): a new genus and species from southern Tanzania." ZooKeys 833 (March 26, 2019): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.833.31502.

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A male cetoniine specimen recently submitted for identification from the Ditsong Museum of Natural History (Pretoria, South Africa) has been found to represent a yet unknown species. A review of the recently published book of Beinhundner (2017) has further revealed that one of the specimens mistakenly figured as Lophorrhinadonckieri Bourgoin, 1913 in that work is most likely the female of this new species. Analysis of the diagnostic characters of the genus Lophorrhina Westwood, 1842 shows that the new species differs in several key areas. In particular, the clypeal armature is virtually identical in both sexes, the male protibiae are not typically elongate and narrow as in all the members of Lophorrhina, but are remarkably more robust, laterally expanded and with a tridentate margin in both sexes, even though the third tooth in the female and the second and third teeth in the male are virtually obsolete. The general body shape in the new species is also more globose and lacks the typical deplanate and apically tapering elytra of the Lophorrhina males. These and other characters are, in our view, sufficient to justify the erection of a new genus, Lophorrhinidesgen. n., to accommodate the new species, here described as L.muelleraesp. n. The new genus is presumably a mountain specialist, as both known specimens were collected in the southern highlands of Tanzania, at Manow and Rungwe respectively.

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39

Nivet, Fantine, Laurent Bergonzini, Pierre-Etienne Mathé, et al. "Influence of the balance of the intertropical front on seasonal variations of the isotopic composition in rainfall at Kisiba Masoko (Rungwe Volcanic Province, SW, Tanzania)." Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 54, no. 4 (2018): 352–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2018.1443923.

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40

Furman, T. "Chemical and Isotopic Variations in Volcanic Rocks from the Rungwe Province: Constraints on the Development and Scales of Source Heterogeneity Beneath the African Western Rift." Mineralogical Magazine 58A, no. 1 (1994): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.58a.1.156.

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41

Faulkes, Chris G., Georgies F. Mgode, Elizabeth K. Archer, and Nigel C. Bennett. "Relic populations ofFukomysmole-rats in Tanzania: description of two new speciesF. livingstonisp. nov. andF. hanangensissp. nov." PeerJ 5 (April 27, 2017): e3214. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3214.

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Previous studies of African mole-rats of the generaHeliophobiusandFukomys(Bathyergidae) in the regions of East and south central Africa have revealed a diversity of species and vicariant populations, with patterns of distribution having been influenced by the geological process of rifting and changing patterns of drainage of major river systems. This has resulted in most of the extant members of the genusFukomysbeing distributed west of the main Rift Valley. However, a small number of isolated populations are known to occur east of the African Rift Valley in Tanzania, whereHeliophobiusis the most common bathyergid rodent. We conducted morphological, craniometric and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) sequences of two allopatric populations of Tanzanian mole-rats (genusFukomys) at Ujiji and around Mount Hanang, in comparison with both geographically adjacent and more distant populations ofFukomys. Our results reveal two distinct evolutionary lineages, forming clades that constitute previously unnamed species. Here, we formally describe and designate these new speciesF. livingstoniandF. hanangensisrespectively. Molecular clock-based estimates of divergence times, together with maximum likelihood inference of biogeographic range evolution, offers strong support for the hypothesis that vicariance in the Western Rift Valley and the drainage patterns of major river systems has subdivided populations of mole-rats. More recent climatic changes and tectonic activity in the “Mbeya triple junction” and Rungwe volcanic province between Lakes Rukwa and Nyasa have played a role in further isolation of these extra-limital populations ofFukomysin Tanzania.

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42

Lukindo, Tedson, Ray Masumo, Adam Hancy, et al. "Factors associated with inadequate urinary iodine concentration among pregnant women in Mbeya region Tanzania." F1000Research 10 (August 26, 2021): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.55269.1.

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Background: Deficient and excess iodine intake during pregnancy can lead to serious health problems. In Tanzania, information available on iodine status during pregnancy is minimal. The aim of this study was to assess the iodine status and its association with sociodemographic factors in pregnant women in the Mbeya region, Tanzania. Method: A cross sectional survey involving 420 pregnant women (n=420) aged between 15-49 years registered in antenatal care clinics was conducted. Data were collected via interviews and laboratory analysis of urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Results: Median UIC was 279.4μg/L (+/-26.1) to 1915μg/L. Insufficient iodine intake (UIC below 150μg/L) was observed in 17.14% of participants, sufficient intake in 24.29% and 58.57% had intakes above the recommended level (>250μg/L). Rungwe district council (DC) had the highest proportion of patients (27.9%) with low iodine levels, while Chunya and Mbarali DCs had the greatest proportion of those with UIC’s, over the WHO recommended level. Fish consumption and education status were associated with increased risk of insufficient iodine while individuals in Mbalali DC aged between 35-49 years were associated with increased risk of UIC above recommended level. Conclusion: Both deficient and excess iodine intake remains a public health problem, especially in pregnant women in Tanzania. Therefore, educational programs on iodine intake are needed to ensure this population has an appropriate iodine intake to prevent any health risks to the mother and the unborn child.

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43

Kibonde, Suma Fahamu, Suzana Augustino, and Faith Philemon Mabiki. "Population Status of <i>Hagenia abyssinica</i> and <i>Myrica salicifolia</i>: A Reflection from Rungwe District, Mbeya Region, Tanzania." Open Journal of Ecology 10, no. 08 (2020): 585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2020.108036.

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44

Gaherty, J. B., W. Zheng, D. J. Shillington, et al. "Faulting processes during early-stage rifting: seismic and geodetic analysis of the 2009–2010 Northern Malawi earthquake sequence." Geophysical Journal International 217, no. 3 (2019): 1767–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz119.

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SUMMARY In December, 2009, a rare sequence of earthquakes initiated within the weakly extended Western Rift of the East African Rift system in the Karonga province of northern Malawi, providing a unique opportunity to characterize active deformation associated with intrabasinal faults in an early-stage rift. We combine teleseismic and regional seismic recordings of the largest events, InSAR imagery of the primary sequence, and recordings of aftershocks from a temporary (4-month) local network of six seismometers to delineate the extent and geometry of faulting. The locations of ∼1900 aftershocks recorded between January and May 2010 are largely consistent with a west-dipping normal fault directly beneath Karonga as constrained by InSAR and CMT fault solutions. However, a substantial number of epicentres cluster in an east-dipping geometry in the central part of the study area, and additional west-dipping clusters can be discerned near the shore of Lake Malawi, particularly in the southern part of the study area. Given the extensive network of hanging wall faults mapped in the Karonga region on the surface and in seismic reflection images, the distribution of events is strongly suggestive of multiple faults interacting to produce the observed deformation, and the InSAR data permit this but do not require it. We propose that fault interaction contributed to the seismic moment release as a series of Mw 5-to-6 events instead of a normal main shock–aftershock sequence. We find the depth of fault slip during the main shocks constrained by InSAR peaks at less than 6 km, while the majority of recorded aftershocks are deeper than 6 km. This depth discrepancy appears to be robust and may be explained by fault interaction. Structural complexities associated with fault interaction may have limited the extent of coseismic slip during the main shocks, which increased stress deeper than the coseismic slip zone on the primary fault and synthetic faults to the east, causing the energetic aftershock series. There is no evidence of deformation at the Rungwe volcanic province ∼50 km north of the earthquake sequence between 2007 and 2010, consistent with previous interpretations of no significant magmatic contribution during the sequence.

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45

Jackiewicz, Zdzislaw, Rosemary Anne Renaut, and Marino Zennaro. "Explicit two-step Runge-Kutta methods." Applications of Mathematics 40, no. 6 (1995): 433–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/am.1995.134306.

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佘, 嘉博. "Research on Runge Phenomenon." Advances in Applied Mathematics 08, no. 08 (2019): 1500–1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/aam.2019.88175.

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Scholz, Christopher A., Donna J. Shillington, Lachlan J. M. Wright, Natalie Accardo, James B. Gaherty, and Patrick Chindandali. "Intrarift fault fabric, segmentation, and basin evolution of the Lake Malawi (Nyasa) Rift, East Africa." Geosphere 16, no. 5 (2020): 1293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02228.1.

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Abstract The Lake Malawi (Nyasa) Rift, in the East African Rift System (EARS), is an ideal modern analogue for the study of extensional tectonic systems in low strain rate settings. The seismically active rift contains the 700-m-deep Lake Malawi, one of the world’s oldest and largest freshwater lakes with one of the most diverse endemic faunal assemblages on Earth. Modern and reprocessed legacy multichannel seismic-reflection data are constrained by velocity information from a wide-angle seismic experiment to evaluate variability in extension, segmentation, and timing of fault development along the 550-km-long rift zone. Fault geometries and patterns of synrift sediment fills show that the Lake Malawi Rift is composed of three asymmetric rift segments, with intervening accommodation zone morphologies controlled by the degree of overlap between segment border faults. Most extension occurs on the basin border faults, and broadly distributed extension is only observed at one accommodation zone, where no border fault overlap is observed. Structural restorations indicate a weakly extended rift system (∼7 km), with diminishing values of extension and thinner rift fill from north to south, suggesting a progressively younger rift to the south. There is no evidence of diking, sill injection, or extrusives within the synrift fill of the Lake Malawi Rift, although the volcanic load of the Rungwe magmatic system north of the lake and related subsidence may explain the presence of anomalously thick synrift fill in the northernmost part of the lake. The thickest synrift depocenters (∼5.5 km) are confined to narrow 10- to 20-km-wide zones adjacent to each rift segment border fault, indicating concentration of strain on border faults rather than intrarift faults. Intrarift structures control axial sediment delivery in the North and Central rift segments, focusing sediment into confined areas resulting in localized overpressure and shale diapirs. The asymmetric, basement-controlled relief was established early in rift development. When overprinted with frequent high-amplitude hydroclimate fluctuations, which are well documented for this basin, the resulting highly variable landscape and lake morphometry through time likely impacted the diverse endemic faunas that evolved within the basin. New seismic-reflection data, augmented by wide-angle seismic data and age constraints from drill core, offer the most highly resolved 3D view to date of latest Cenozoic extensional deformation in East Africa and provide a foundation for hazards analysis, resource assessments, and constraining deformation in a low strain rate, magma-poor active rift.

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Brockington, Ian. "Runge psychoses." Archives of Women's Mental Health 20, no. 1 (2016): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00737-016-0678-5.

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49

Stensones, Berit. "Runge approximation." Mathematische Annalen 279, no. 3 (1988): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01456279.

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Nguyen Thu, Thuy. "Parallel iteration of two-step Runge-Kutta methods." Journal of Science Natural Science 66, no. 1 (2021): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2021-0002.

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In this paper, we introduce the Parallel iteration of two-step Runge-Kutta methods for solving non-stiff initial-value problems for systems of first-order differential equations (ODEs): y′(t) = f(t, y(t)), for use on parallel computers. Starting with an s−stage implicit two-step Runge-Kutta (TSRK) method of order p, we apply the highly parallel predictor-corrector iteration process in P (EC)mE mode. In this way, we obtain an explicit two-step Runge-Kutta method that has order p for all m, and that requires s(m+1) right-hand side evaluations per step of which each s evaluation can be computed parallelly. By a number of numerical experiments, we show the superiority of the parallel predictor-corrector methods proposed in this paper over both sequential and parallel methods available in the literature.

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