Academic literature on the topic 'Runic inscriptions'

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Journal articles on the topic "Runic inscriptions"

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Badam, Azzaya, Gerelmaa Namsrai, and Bayartuul Batjav. "Runic Inscriptions and Tamgas in Govi-Altai Province, MONGOLIA." Ази судлал 1, no. 1 (April 27, 2022): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/asinmongolia.v1i1.967.

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The great significance of ancient inscription is that it becomes evidence of that historical period. Approximately 170 runic inscriptions, date back to Old Turkic, Uighur period, had been registered in the territory of Mongolia so far. Govi-Altai runic inscriptions are located along the central road headed from Beshbalik to west southern until silk road in the period of Ancient Turkic, Uighur and they play important role in the studies of philology and history since they have many state and military ranking words and personal names. In this article, reading-lexical features and relevant Tamgas of 18 inscriptions discovered in Govi-Altai province have been studied. As of today, a total of 18 Runic inscriptions were discovered in 7 places from this province. The Biger’s 4 inscriptions had been discovered in 1969 for the first time by team “Inscription studies” of the Mongol-Soviet’s history and culture’s joint expedition, whereas our team discovered Davirt II inscription in 2020, and also research team from Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Sciences discovered Khushuut Tolgoi’s inscription. The research team completed a hand painting of 95 Tamgas related to these inscriptions.
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Bekjan, O. "Runic Written Monuments in Kazakhstan." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 4, no. 118 (December 15, 2020): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2020/2664-0686.050.

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Since the middle of the XIX century, ancient inscriptions written on silver bowls, bracelets, and bronze mirrors have been found in large numbers on the territory of Kazakhstan from the surface of the earth and archaeological excavations. Currently, the number of such Turkic runic inscriptions is increasing every year. The first Kazakh scientist who found and tried to reveal their meanings was A. Amanzholov. He named such inscriptions found from Kazakhstan, summarizing them by local values as Irtysh, ili, Syrdarya and Ural. The most valuable was the inscription on the silver bowl, found as a result of archaeological excavations from the Issyk mound. Linguists who came from the Academy of Sciences of the former Soviet Union made a categorical conclusion, without presenting any arguments, that the Issyk inscription is in the Iranian language, and cannot be read in the Turkic languages. But Kazakh researchers, not agreeing with this conclusion, began to read this inscription in the ancient Turkic language. Comparing and analyzing these studies, we published our reading in 1993. After that, until 2009, we updated and supplemented our readings three times. One of the Irtysh inscriptions tells about the danger of vodka and wine for human life. And the second tells about the coolness inside the mountain gorge. In the inscriptions found in the Zhetysu area, special attention was paid to hunting. They describe the sensitivity and extreme caution of the mountain goat. The Talgar inscription speaks of yarn and the spinning profession. In one of the aulieatinsky inscriptions, on the seal is written the phrase «my word», and on a large stone about the immensity of the country of the Karakhanids. And the Syrdarya inscription mentions the greatness of the Syrdarya river.
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Bekjan, O. "Runic Written Monuments in Kazakhstan." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 4, no. 118 (December 15, 2020): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2020/2664-0686.050.

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Since the middle of the XIX century, ancient inscriptions written on silver bowls, bracelets, and bronze mirrors have been found in large numbers on the territory of Kazakhstan from the surface of the earth and archaeological excavations. Currently, the number of such Turkic runic inscriptions is increasing every year. The first Kazakh scientist who found and tried to reveal their meanings was A. Amanzholov. He named such inscriptions found from Kazakhstan, summarizing them by local values as Irtysh, ili, Syrdarya and Ural. The most valuable was the inscription on the silver bowl, found as a result of archaeological excavations from the Issyk mound. Linguists who came from the Academy of Sciences of the former Soviet Union made a categorical conclusion, without presenting any arguments, that the Issyk inscription is in the Iranian language, and cannot be read in the Turkic languages. But Kazakh researchers, not agreeing with this conclusion, began to read this inscription in the ancient Turkic language. Comparing and analyzing these studies, we published our reading in 1993. After that, until 2009, we updated and supplemented our readings three times. One of the Irtysh inscriptions tells about the danger of vodka and wine for human life. And the second tells about the coolness inside the mountain gorge. In the inscriptions found in the Zhetysu area, special attention was paid to hunting. They describe the sensitivity and extreme caution of the mountain goat. The Talgar inscription speaks of yarn and the spinning profession. In one of the aulieatinsky inscriptions, on the seal is written the phrase «my word», and on a large stone about the immensity of the country of the Karakhanids. And the Syrdarya inscription mentions the greatness of the Syrdarya river.
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Баттулга, Цэнд. "Арвасын уулын Харанхуйн хөндийн руни бичээс." Mongolian Journal Anthropology, Archaeology and Ethnology 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2023): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/mjaae.2023120109.

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The runic inscriptions found on Arvas mountain in the Urandösh town of Üzüür city, Otog county, Ordos, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, were the subject of the research we conducted and readings in this article. In the Kharankhui Valley of Arvas Mountain, there are three pieces of runic inscriptions. The earliest, and most obvious, inscription was recorded in 2012, although researchers have just recently become aware of it. Content-wise, the first inscription is the note of travel, and the second and third are dedicated to his father. But it falls under the category of carved inscriptions in terms of writing technique.
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Саранболор, Эрдэмбилэг, and Гончиг Батболд. "Өвөрхангай аймгийн нутгаас шинээр илэрсэн хоёр бичээс, тамга." Mongolian Journal of Anthropology, Archaeology and Ethnology 13, no. 1 (May 10, 2024): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/mjaae.20241301010.

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In this article, we present the first reading of two newly discovered small runic inscriptions and the study of related stamps found in Kharkhorin soum, Tsagaan Goliin Baga Khürkhree and Bat-Ölzii soum, KhÜrmen Mukhar located in ÖvÖrkhangaii province. The main source material for our study was found in a place with numerous other rock paintings and stamps. These two inscriptions and stamps were discovered during the process of recording and documenting the rock paintings in KhÜrmen Mukhar and Baga Khürkhree in ÖvÖrkhangai Province. However, the researchers referred to the runic inscriptions as stamps and included them in the stamp register. The runes were the state script of the ancient Turkic and Uyghur states. Sometimes a single letter of the runic alphabet can have its own meaning. In addition to being an expressive word, it also sometimes serves as a tribal seal. We present our suggestions and predictions based on the photos we received. It is not certain that the inscriptions and engraved stamps belong to the same year, but judging from the distribution of the stamps, they usually occur with runic inscriptions. The fact that they belong to the same era as the inscriptions and stamps we are referring to shows the possibility. It is important to determine the scope of the related seal by reading the inscription. It is believed that this will be helpful for future research related to the topic
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Bondar, Igor. "The runic inscription of the new zoomorphic amulet of Scandinavian jewelry traditions of the early Middle Ages, originating from the Middle Dniester of Republic of Moldova." Scandinavian Philology 20, no. 1 (2022): 150–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2022.110.

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The present study focuses on the decipherment and interpretation of the unique runic inscription carved on the zoomorphic pendant of Scandinavian jewelry traditions. The new Scandinavian zoomorphic pendant of 10th century, originating from the region of Middle Dniester, Republic of Moldova. The graffito and amulet have no direct analogies. In the research paper the runic inscription is interpreted as the protection magical spell. The runic inscription is based on the ideographic runes of the Elder and the Younger Futhark. The runic inscription of a similar nature with this combination of graphemes has not yet been known in runology, and is first encountered. The inscription made in Scandinavian runes is the first discovery of a runic inscription in Republic of Moldova and the same time is the first written evidence of the presence of the Vikings in the Dniester-Prut Region. The research methodology is based on a comparison of the runic formula of the zoomorphic amulet inscription with the known analogies of the runic formulas inscribed on various artifacts of ancient German material culture. As much as the inscription contains archaic runes of the Elder Futhark and runes of the Younger Futhark, the study used the approach of identifying the semantic load of the runes used as ideograms with the meaning of their own names. In the present research paper, the retrospective method is used in the most famous examples of Scandinavian runes of the Elder and Younger Futhark as ideograms in the described runic inscriptions of the amulet and incantation character. The comparative method is also applied between compare runes as ideograms of the present inscription and the same runes as ideograms in the other cases of use in the similar or analogical context. Comparative and retrospective methods are also applied in the search for analogies of the use of runes in the meaning of own names in mixed inscriptions made by means of a combinations of older and younger runes. The study widely involved a significant amount of scientific work in the field of methodology of reading and interpreting runic inscriptions of famous runologists of 20th and 21st centuries. In scientific work were used ancient German literary sources, such as: Old Norse, Old Icelandic and Anglo-Saxon runic poems, Old Icelandic sagas about the gods and heroes of the Elder Edda and materials from written sources of the 11th–13th centuries were examined in detail and compared in the context of “magic runes” and mythopoeic concepts in mithological considerations. The archaeological context of this research includes both a comprehensive description of the most unique amulet, and the general layer of the most significant finds of the Viking Age and traces of the Scandinavian cultural presence in the Slavic and Old Russian world of the early Middle Ages in the area of the Dniester-Prut interfluve of present-day territory of Moldova.
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Imer, Lisbeth M., and Søren M. Sindbæk. "Nye fund af runer i Ribe." Danske Studier, no. 2021 (November 8, 2022): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/danskestudier.vi2021.134530.

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The article deals with the excavated finds of runic inscriptions in Ribe, during the campaigns in 2017–18. The fragment of a supposed bone plate is carved with runes on one side, whereas a fragmented antler comb is carved with runes on both sides. The bone plate dates to the mid- or late nineth century, whereas the comb has a slightly earlier date to the first half of the nineth century. Suggestions for readings and interpretations of the inscriptions are put forward as well as discussions of the linguistic stage of the texts. Of special interest is the word kąbaʀ, Old Danish kambr, which includes either an epenthetic vowel or a preserved stem vowel. On the basis of linguistic analyses and contemporary Danish finds, it is argued that the inscription contains an epenthetic vowel. Finally, the inscriptions are discussed in relation to the distribution of runic inscriptions in early town environments.
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Looijenga, Tineke. "CHECKLIST FRISIAN RUNIC INSCRIPTIONS." AMSTERDAMER BEITRÄGE ZUR ÄLTEREN GERMANISTIK 45, no. 1 (November 17, 1996): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-045-01-90000011.

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Fairfax, Edmund. "The Runic Inscription from the Nydam Axehandle." NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution 68, no. 2 (July 21, 2015): 153–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/nowele.68.2.02fai.

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This article offers a critical overview of earlier readings and interpretations of the elder-futhark inscription from the Nydam axehandle, which are found wanting, and proposes instead a new reading and interpretation. The inscriptions from the Køge/Sjælland bracteate, Gallehus horn, Kårstad stone, and Istaby stone, as well as the patronymic use of the suffix -ijaz, are also discussed.
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Schulte, Michael. "Stationen der frühen nordgermanischen Sprachgeschichte." NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution 77, no. 1 (April 18, 2024): 49–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00084.sch.

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Abstract The article presents a new periodization of the language of the older runic inscriptions (until 750 AD) by dividing the whole period into four subperiods instead of two (i.e. in contrast to Krause’s dichotomy of Frühurnordisch and Späturnordisch). The study focuses on the earliest layers of runic inscriptions in older fuþark, namely the pre-classical and classical group prior to 400/450 AD. The new runic finds from Svingerud in Norway reinforce the notion of an archaic, pre-classical runic layer, starting already c. 1/50 AD. In order to distinguish a pre-classical Nordic period, the nominative singular masculine of the weak n-stems is viewed as a decisive criterion, in particular the masculine nouns in -o. In addition, the article presents a valid diagnostic criterion to distinguish between ‘post-classical’ and ‘transitional’ inscriptions, viz. the phoneme-grapheme-correspondences of the starlike rune . The result of this approach is a quadripartite division of the older-fuþark inscriptions that bridges that span between late North-West Germanic and early Old Norse.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Runic inscriptions"

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Findell, Martin. "Vocalism in the Continental runic inscriptions." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11233/.

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The goal of this thesis is the phonological analysis of a corpus of runic inscriptions in order to reconstruct the vocalic system(s) of the West Germanic dialects spoken in the Continental interior between the 5th-7th centuries A.D. The thesis presents a brief outline of the late Proto-Germanic vocalic system and of the principal sound changes involved in the development of the later dialects of the region (Old High German and Old Saxon). The main part of the thesis surveys the data retrievable from the runic inscriptions in an attempt to determine to what extent (if any) these sound changes are in evidence. In many respects, the data are consistent with the anticipated developments attested in OHG and OS; but for some of the sound changes – particularly those affecting the diphthongs – the existing models do not satisfactorily account for the data. There is also some evidence for processes not normally identified in accounts of the phonological background of the later dialects. The project endeavours to be rigorously empirical in approach; to avoid making unnecessary assumptions and prejudgements about the nature and content of the runic texts; and to resist the rejection of an interpretation unless it can be shown to be implausible. From this standpoint, we are confronted with the limited power of any conclusions based on such a small dataset, and with the more general problem of the imperfect correlation between written and spoken forms. If the makers of runic inscriptions cannot be relied on for phonological accuracy or orthographic consistency, to what extent is it possible to make inferences about spoken language from the texts which they created?
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Parsons, David. "Anglo-Saxon runic inscriptions on portable objects." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273006.

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Holman, Katherine. "Scandinavian runic inscriptions in the British Isles : their historical context." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307716.

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Williams, Henrik. "Åsrunan användning och ljudvärde i runsvenska steninskrifter /." Uppsala, Sweden : Institutionen för nordiska språk, Uppsala universitet, 1990. http://books.google.com/books?id=_zlcAAAAMAAJ.

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Andersson, Elin. "Anonymous artefacts and revealing runes : Scandinavian runic artefacts from a gender perspective." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1544.

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The aim of this paper is to examine a group of runic artefacts dated to the Viking Age (800-1050 AD) from a gender perspective. The analysed material consists of 59 runic artefacts from Scandinavia, which differ in regards to base material, context and content. In the analysis, the material is separated, described and classified into different manageable groups of texts and artefacts. Several case studies are presented in the paper, based on information gathered from the inscriptions as well as the archaeological material. The main issue is whether it is possible to attribute runic artefacts to a specific gender by means of a combination of archaeological and philological methods.
Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera en grupp runristade föremål, daterade till vikingatid (800-1050) ur ett genusperspektiv. Den empiriska studien baseras på en studie av 59 runristade föremål av skiftande karaktär gällande material, kontext samt innehåll. Föremålen separeras och klassificeras enligt ett system uppbyggt av författaren för att belysa de olika förhållanden som existerar mellan inskription och artefakt. En kvantifiering av inskriptionerna samt de arkeologiska föremålen genomförs för att utröna huruvida det är möjligt att attribuera föremålen till ett specifikt vikingatida genus.
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Lagman, Svante. "De stungna runorna : Användning och ljudvärde i runsvenska steninskrifter." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 1990. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302602.

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小澤, 実. "書評: コンテクストの中のルーン Terje Spurkland, Norwegian Runes and Runic Inscriptions. Woodbrige: Boydell & Brewer 2005, ix + 206 p." 津田塾大学バルト=スカンディナヴィア研究会, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13992.

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Lagman, Svante. "De stungna runorna : användning och ljudvärden i runsvenska steninskrifter /." Uppsala : Institutionen för nordiska språk, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35712980x.

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Pereswetoff-Morath, Sofia. "Vikingatida runbleck : Läsningar och tolkningar." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-319846.

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Föreliggande avhandling syftar till att utveckla läsningen och tolkningen av inskrifterna på de i dagsläget 46 kända vikingatida runblecken. Målet är att ge en så tydlig bild som möjligt av inskriftsgenren vikingatida runbleck. I detta syfte har upprepade fältundersökningar av runblecken genomförts med stereomikroskop. På grundval av på så vis etablerade nya läsningar föreslås nya tolkningar till de mest problematiska ställena i de tidigare tolkade runblecksinskrifterna. Nya tolkningsförslag ges även för runblecksinskrifter som tidigare har ansetts vara olexikaliska. Utöver nya läsningar och tolkningar resulterar denna studie i en kartläggning av relationen mellan runblecksinskrifternas innehåll och form å den enda sidan och runbleckens fyndmiljöer och utseende å den andra.
The aim of this dissertation is to represent as clearly as possible the genre of Viking-Age runic plates by developing readings and interpretations of the inscriptions on the 46 metal plates with runes from the Viking Age known today. Several investigations of the runic plates have been conducted with a stereomicroscope for this purpose. On the basis of the new readings thus established, new interpretations have been proposed for the most problematic sections of previously interpreted inscriptions. New interpretations are also offered for inscriptions on runic plates which have previously been considered non-lexical. As well as providing new readings and interpretations, this study has resulted in clarification of the relationship between the form and content of the inscriptions on the runic plates on the one hand and on their find circumstances and appearance on the other.
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Williams, Henrik. "Åsrunan. Användning och ljudvärde i runsvenska steninskrifter." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 1990. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-282532.

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The runic alphabet in the Viking Age (ca. 800-1100) only consisted of 16 characters. These did not cover the Rune-Swedish phoneme system. One of the runes, the so-called os-rune, was used for at least 8 different phonemes. By tradition it has been used to date Viking Age runic inscriptions in the Scandinavian countries. The present work investigates the phonetic and phonemic value of the os-rune in Rune-Swedish inscriptions on stone, altogether 1,745 instances in 961 inscriptions. On the basis of the analysis, the accepted view of the chronological value of the os-rune is assessed, and is found to be non-valid. The regional variations in the use of the os-rune are also studied, particularly in the context of individual rune-carvers, but also to see if any dialectal variation is discernable. It is found that there is a marked consistency in the use of the os-rune for either rounded or unrounded vowels. Inscriptions, where both uses occur, are concentrated to one small geographical area. There are also areas, where the use of the os-rune for rounded vowels is the rule.

Digitaliserad utgåva 2016, kompletterad med en lista över viktigare rättelser


De vikingatida runinskrifternas kronologi
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Books on the topic "Runic inscriptions"

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P, Barnes Michael. The runic inscriptions of Maeshowe, Orkney. Uppsala, Sweden: Institutionen för nordiska språk, Uppsala universitet, 1994.

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Pollington, Stephen. Rudiments of runelore. Hockwold cum Wilton, Norfolk, England: Anglo-Saxon Books, 1995.

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Düwel, Klaus. Runenkunde. 3rd ed. Stuttgart: Metzler, 2001.

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Peterson, Lena. Svenskt runordsregister. 2nd ed. Uppsala: Institutionen för nordiska språk, Uppsala universitet, 1994.

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Anthony, Mark. Beyond the pale. New York: Bantam Books, 1998.

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Jansson, Sven Birger Fredrik. Runes in Sweden. [Stockholm]: Gidlund, 1987.

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Brigé, Bart. Studie van de afbeeldingen op runenstenen in Zweden tot de tijd van de Vikingen: Een chronologisch overzicht van het fenomeen beeldsteen. Gent: Studia Germanica Gandensia, 2000.

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Grønvik, Ottar. Fra Ågedal til Setre: Sentrale runeinnskrifter fra det 6. århundre. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1987.

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Meli, Marcello. Alamannia runica: Rune e cultura nell'alto medioevo. Verona: Libreria universitaria editrice, 1988.

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Grünzweig, Friedrich E. Runeninschriften auf Waffen: Inschriften vom 2. Jahrhundert n. Chr. bis ins Hochmittelalter. Wien: Edition Praesens, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Runic inscriptions"

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Knirk, James E. "Love and Eroticism in Medieval Norwegian Runic Inscriptions." In Die Faszination des Verborgenen und seine Entschlüsselung – Rāđi sa¿ kunni, edited by Jana Krüger, Vivian Busch, Katharina Seidel, Christiane Zimmermann, and Ute Zimmermann, 217–32. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110548136-016.

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Opitz, Stephan. "South Germanic runic inscriptions in the older futmark." In Germanic Dialects, 459. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.38.20opi.

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Schulte, Michael. "Towards a Typology of Runic Formulas, with a Focus on the One-Word Formula in the Older Runic Inscriptions." In New Light on Formulas in Oral Poetry and Prose, 191–225. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.usml-eb.5.133553.

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Källström, Magnus. "Aristocratic Networks During the Late Viking Age in the Light of Runic Inscriptions." In Nordic Elites in Transformation, c. 1050–1250, Volume II, 79–103. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019– | Series: Routledge research in medieval studies ; 14: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003023005-7.

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Harjula, Janne. "Runic Inscriptions on Stave Vessels in Turku: Materializations of Language, Education, Magic, and Domestic Religion." In Objects, Environment, and Everyday Life in Medieval Europe, 213–34. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.hdl-eb.5.109544.

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Jesch, Judith. "Runic Inscriptions and the Vocabulary of Land, Lordship, and Social Power in the Late Viking Age." In The Medieval Countryside, 31–44. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tmc-eb.4.1002.

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Nielsen, Hans Frede. "The Emergence of the Os and Ac Runes in the Runic Inscriptions of England and Frisia." In NOWELE Supplement Series, 19–34. Odense: Odense University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/nss.12.03nie.

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Imer, Lisbeth M., and Søren M. Sindbæk. "Runic inscriptions." In Northern Emporium, 329–37. Aarhus University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.10518934.19.

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"Runic Inscriptions." In Handbook of Pre-Modern Nordic Memory Studies, 1065–78. De Gruyter, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110431360-111.

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Brink, Stefan. "Thralls in Runic Inscriptions." In Thraldom, 105–21. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197532355.003.0007.

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Runes are the indigenous writing system in Viking-Age Scandinavia, and therefore a very important source for this, otherwise, oral society. There are around 3,000 runic inscriptions, but the mentioning of thralls are extremely rare. Only a handful examples can be discussed, such as the words bryti and fostri/fostra, and a couple concerning freed slaves, løysar. This should not be surprising, since there probably was no cause for commemorating a slave in a runic inscription.
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Conference papers on the topic "Runic inscriptions"

1

Knirk, James E. "Documentation of Runic Inscriptions." In The Eighth International Symposium on Runes and Runic Inscriptions. Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33063/diva-438865.

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2

Kopár, Lilla. "The Rise and Fall of Anglo-Saxon Runic Stone Monuments: Runic Inscriptions and the Development of Sculpture in Early Medieval England." In The Eighth International Symposium on Runes and Runic Inscriptions. Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33063/diva-438873.

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3

Eliasson, Stig. "Runic Inscriptions in an Unrecognized Foreign Tongue?: Methodological Preliminaries to Language Identification." In The Eighth International Symposium on Runes and Runic Inscriptions. Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33063/diva-438878.

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4

Kuz'menko, Yury K. "POETRY IN THE INSCRIPTIONS IN YOUNGER RUNES." In 49th International Philological Conference in Memory of Professor Ludmila Verbitskaya (1936–2019). St. Petersburg State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062353.24.

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Abstract:
Although the corpus of poetic inscriptions in younger runes has in the main been established in early Scandinavian scholarship, the structure and formulaic character of inscriptions have not yet been subjected to detailed research. In the paper, the structure of poetic runic texts has been described in the light of the hypothesis of the isochrony of bars, admitting an occasional lengthening of short syllables and shortening of long syllables. The formulaic structure is most clearly seen in the younger runic inscriptions on memorial stones. The formula is based on a constant alliterating pair (cf., for example, standa ‘to stand’ — steinn ‘stone’), whose elements occupy different short lines, cf. Hēr mun standa / steinn nær brautu ‘Here will stand a stone by the road.’ The varyable parts of the formula occupy the beginning of the first short line and the end of the second short one. Hēr mun can be replaced by prosodically equivalent and semantically similar combinations Nū skal, Hēr skal, Æ mun, and nær brautu ‘by the road’ can be replaced by the prosodically equivalent and semantically similar viðr bryggju ‘by the bridge’, ą bjargi ‘on the mountain’, miþli byja ’between villages’, at merki ‘as a monument’, at Ingjald ‘after Ingvald’. The paper also addreses some other most common formulas based on alliterating pairs. Refs 24.
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5

Gräslund, Ann-Sofie. "Christian or Pagan?: Some Reflections on the Iconography of U 448." In The Eighth International Symposium on Runes and Runic Inscriptions. Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33063/diva-438875.

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6

Barnes, Michael P. "Documenting the Scandinavian Runic Inscriptions of the British Isles: Confessions of a Field Runologist." In The Eighth International Symposium on Runes and Runic Inscriptions. Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33063/diva-438867.

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7

Schuhmann, Roland. "(Neu-)Lesungen von Runeninschriften und ihre Folgen für die frühgermanische Grammatik." In The Eighth International Symposium on Runes and Runic Inscriptions. Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33063/diva-438866.

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8

Bauer, Alessia. "Arbeiten mit Runica manuscripta: Einige Überlegungen zu Corpuserstellung und Vorgehensweise." In The Eighth International Symposium on Runes and Runic Inscriptions. Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33063/diva-438868.

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9

Mees, Bernard. "Elmer Antonsen as a Runologist." In The Eighth International Symposium on Runes and Runic Inscriptions. Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33063/diva-438871.

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10

Fischnaller, Andreas. "Sources of the First Printed Scandinavian Runes." In The Eighth International Symposium on Runes and Runic Inscriptions. Department of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33063/diva-438869.

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