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Journal articles on the topic 'Running costs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Phillips, K. "RUNNING COSTS." Journal of Experimental Biology 209, no. 11 (2006): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02303.

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Ruddell, Steve. "Motors to reduce running costs." World Pumps 2005, no. 460 (2005): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-1762(05)00455-4.

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3

Carter, K. L., and G. G. Haselden. "Reducing running costs in air conditioning." International Journal of Refrigeration 22, no. 5 (1999): 442–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-7007(98)00068-1.

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4

Hewitt, Alex W., and David A. Mackey. "Keep PubMed running at all costs." Nature 502, no. 7471 (2013): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/502303e.

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5

Al-Hajj, Assem, and Malcolm W. Horner. "Modelling the running costs of buildings." Construction Management and Economics 16, no. 4 (1998): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014461998372231.

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Masumoto, Kenji, Kendell Galor, Andrew Craig-Jones, and John Mercer. "Metabolic Costs During Backward Running with Body Weight Support." International Journal of Sports Medicine 40, no. 04 (2019): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0806-7537.

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AbstractWe investigated metabolic costs, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), stride frequency (SF), and preferred speed (PS) during forward and backward running at different levels of body weight support (BWS). Participants completed forward and backward running on a lower body positive pressure treadmill at their preferred speed for forward and backward running at 0%BWS, 20%BWS, and 50%BWS. Oxygen uptake (V̇O2), heart rate (HR), RPE, SF, and PS were measured. HR, RPE, and SF during forward and backward running decreased with increasing BWS (P<0.05).V̇O2 during both forward and backward run

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Major, Wayne F. "The Benefits and Costs of Serious Running." World Leisure Journal 43, no. 2 (2001): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2001.9674226.

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8

Thain, Colin, and Maurice Wright. "RUNNING COSTS CONTROL IN UK CENTRAL GOVERNMENT." Financial Accountability and Management 6, no. 2 (1990): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0408.1990.tb00203.x.

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9

Geekiyanage, Devindi, and Thanuja Ramachandra. "Nexus between running costs and building characteristics of commercial buildings: hedonic regression modelling." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 10, no. 3 (2020): 389–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-12-2018-0156.

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PurposeTraditionally, early-stage investment decisions on buildings purely based initial capital costs and simply ignored running costs and total lifecycle cost. This was basically due to the absence of estimating models that yield running costs at the early design stage. Often, when the design of a building, which is responsible for 10–15% of its total cost, is completed, 80% of the total cost is committed. This study aims to develop a building characteristic-based model, which is an early-stage determinant of running costs of buildings, to predict the running costs of commercial buildings.De

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Zinn, C. "Hospital's charitable donations diverted to pay running costs." BMJ 328, no. 7434 (2004): 248—a—0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7434.248-a.

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11

Aronsson, G., and E. N. Barron. "L ∞ Variational Problems with Running Costs and Constraints." Applied Mathematics & Optimization 65, no. 1 (2011): 53–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00245-011-9151-z.

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12

EAVES, DANIEL L., NICOLA J. HODGES, and A. MARK WILLIAMS. "Energetic Costs of Incidental Visual Coupling during Treadmill Running." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 40, no. 8 (2008): 1506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31817057a8.

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13

Brown, Alan S. "Running Energy." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 06 (1999): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-jun-4.

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Composite Power Corp., Las Vegas, plans to use composites as a key material in a wind turbine a quarter-mile across that will turn on air or magnetic bearings in breezes as mild as 3 mph. Composite towers cost more than steel, however, are cheaper to transport and easier to assemble on-site, making them cost-competitive, especially in remote areas. Since composite towers have small footprints, they can share rights of way with railroad tracks. The system is designed so even if a car jumps the track and takes out up to three towers, the fiber-reinforced cable will remain intact. Beginning with

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Saltikoff, Elena, Mikko Kurri, Hidde Leijnse, Sergio Barbosa, and Kjetil Stiansen. "Maintenance Keeps Radars Running." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 98, no. 9 (2017): 1833–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-16-0095.1.

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Abstract Weather radars provide us with colorful images of storms, their development, and their movement, but from time to time the radars fail and we are left without data. To minimize these disruptions, owners of weather radars carry out preventive maintenance. The European radar project Operational Programme for the Exchange of Weather Radar Information (OPERA) conducted a survey among technicians from 21 countries on their experiences of maintenance. Regular maintenance frequency varies widely from as frequent as weekly to as infrequent as 6 months. Results show that the primary causes of

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15

Mengelkoch, Larry J., Jason T. Kahle, and M. Jason Highsmith. "Energy costs and performance of transfemoral amputees and non-amputees during walking and running: A pilot study." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 41, no. 5 (2016): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364616677650.

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Background:Limited information is available concerning the effects of prosthetic foot components on energy costs and ambulatory performance for transfemoral amputees.Objectives:Compare energy costs (VO2; gait economy) and ambulatory performance (self-selected walking speeds, self-selected running speeds, peak running speeds) differences during walking and running for transfemoral amputees and matched, non-amputee runners.Study design:Repeated measures.Methods:Transfemoral amputees were accommodated and tested with three prosthetic feet: conventional foot, solid-ankle cushioned heel (SACH); ene

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Wallace, L. A., D. Young, A. Brown, et al. "Costs of running a universal adolescent hepatitis B vaccination programme." Vaccine 23, no. 48-49 (2005): 5624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.06.034.

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Kaio, Naoto, and Shunji Osaki. "Optimum ordering policies with non-linear running and salvage costs." Microelectronics Reliability 30, no. 4 (1990): 785–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(90)90183-n.

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18

Kobberling, Gisela, Louis W. Jankowski, and Luc Leger. "Energy Cost of Locomotion in Blind Adolescents." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 6, no. 1 (1989): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.6.1.58.

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The oxygen consumption (VO2) of 30 (10 females, 20 males) legally blind adolescents and their sighted controls were compared for treadmill walking (3 mph, 4.8 km/h) and running (6 mph, 9.6 km/h). The VO2 of the visually impaired subjects averaged 24.4% and 10.8% higher than those of their same-sex age-matched controls, and 42.8% and 11.2% higher than the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) norms for walking (p<.01) and running (p<.05), respectively. The normal association between aerobic capacity and locomotor energy costs was evident among the sighted controls (r= .44, p<.05)

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Salo, I. A. "Theoretical approaches to the regulatory costs formation on the plant cultivars qualification expert assessment." Horticulture: Interdepartment Subject Scientific Collection, no. 75 (2020): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35205/0558-1125-2020-75-234-244.

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The economic categories and those of the financial and economic account: expenses, rationing, standard allowances, regulatory costs, general production and running costs have been established in order to determine the peculiarities of the monetary costs formation for the plant cultivars scientific and technical expert assessment. The regulatory costs for the expert assessment are determined annually as follows: the cvs favorability for spread, difference, homogeneity, stabil-ity, research of the varieties collection, post registration study, the cultivars certification investigation. The calcu

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20

Clough, P. J., J. Shepherd, and R. J. Maughan. "Social-Class Differences in a Sample of Nonelite Marathon Runners." Perceptual and Motor Skills 66, no. 2 (1988): 495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.66.2.495.

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In this study the reasons for starting to run, starting to run marathons and the psychosocial benefits and costs derived from an involvement in running were compared for blue collar and for white collar nonelite runners. Extrinsic rewards were more important to the blue collar runners than to the white collar runners. No class differences were found for the importance of intrinsic rewards or in the benefits/costs associated with an involvement in running.

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21

Watson, R. "Plans for new hospitals should focus on ensuring low running costs." BMJ 339, oct07 1 (2009): b4106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b4106.

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22

Hołyszko, Piotr, and Piotr Filipek. "ESTIMATION OF THE RUNNING COSTS OF AUTONOMOUS ENERGY SOURCES IN TROLLEYBUSES." Journal of Ecological Engineering 17, no. 5 (2016): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12911/22998993/65456.

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23

Blom-Hansen, Jens, Kurt Houlberg, and Søren Serritzlew. "Size, Democracy, and the Economic Costs of Running the Political System." American Journal of Political Science 58, no. 4 (2014): 790–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12096.

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24

Green, G., G. Bhabra, P. Vinayakam, and C. Jeer. "Streamlining theatre sets for total knee replacement." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 97, no. 5 (2015): E18—E20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363515x14134529302380.

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25

Roberts, T. J., M. S. Chen, and C. R. Taylor. "Energetics of bipedal running. II. Limb design and running mechanics." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 19 (1998): 2753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.19.2753.

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Compared with quadrupeds, bipedal runners of the same weight have longer legs, take longer steps and can presumably use slower, more economical muscle fibers. One might predict that bipedal running is less expensive, but it is not. We hypothesized that bipeds recruit a larger volume of muscle to support their weight, eliminating the potential economy of longer legs and slower steps. To test our hypothesis, we calculated the relative volume of muscle needed to support body weight over a stride in small dogs (Canis familiaris) and wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) of the same weight. First, we

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26

Dewani, Khushboo, Chethan Basavarajappa, Guru S. Gowda, et al. "Economic Perspectives on Setting up and Running Telepsychiatry Services in India." Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 42, no. 5_suppl (2020): 10S—16S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0253717620966205.

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Background: Telemedicine Practice Guidelines, 2020 and Telepsychiatry Operational Guidelines, 2020 can be potential game changers in the practice of medicine in India. They provide legal grounds for the practice of telemedicine. The economics of setting up and running telepsychiatry services vis-à-vis in-person services in India is discussed in this paper to aid the practitioners in understanding the costs involved in each of these modalities. Methods: Costs for various hardware, software, real estate, and human resources are collated from various sources. Telepsychiatry vs. in-person setup is

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27

Bekraoui, Nabyl, Marie-Agnès Fargeas-Gluck, and Luc Léger. "Oxygen uptake and heart rate response of 6 standardized tennis drills." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 37, no. 5 (2012): 982–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h2012-082.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the oxygen uptake of various on-court tennis drills. Eleven tennis players were monitored with a portable metabolic device to measure oxygen uptake of 6 different tennis drills at low and high speeds. The 6 drills were done with or without striking the ball, over half or full-width of the court, in attack or defense mode, using forehand or backhand strokes. Oxygen uptake values (mean ± SD) ranged from 33.8 ± 4.2 to 42.3 ± 5.1 mL·kg–1·min–1 when running at low speed on the full-width court in defense mode without striking the ball and when running at hig

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28

Chappell, M. A. "Voluntary running in deer mice: speed, distance, energy costs and temperature effects." Journal of Experimental Biology 207, no. 22 (2004): 3839–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01213.

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29

Bertram, J. E. A., and S. J. Hasaneini. "Neglected losses and key costs: tracking the energetics of walking and running." Journal of Experimental Biology 216, no. 6 (2013): 933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.078543.

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30

Chua, R., G. Bell, P. L. Gervais, and E. P. Zehr. "METABOLIC COSTS OF WALKING AND RUNNING BELOW AND ABOVE PREFERRED TRANSITION SPEED." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 31, Supplement (1999): S205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199905001-00939.

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31

Dalley, C., H. Basarir, J. G. Wright, et al. "Specialist integrated haematological malignancy diagnostic services: an Activity Based Cost (ABC) analysis of a networked laboratory service model." Journal of Clinical Pathology 68, no. 4 (2015): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202624.

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AimsSpecialist Integrated Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Services (SIHMDS) were introduced as a standard of care within the UK National Health Service to reduce diagnostic error and improve clinical outcomes. Two broad models of service delivery have become established: ‘co-located’ services operating from a single-site and ‘networked’ services, with geographically separated laboratories linked by common management and information systems. Detailed systematic cost analysis has never been published on any established SIHMDS model.MethodsWe used Activity Based Costing (ABC) to construct a

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32

Gupta, Sunil Kumar, B. B. Arora, and Akhilesh Arora. "Economics-Based Payback and Life Cycle Cost Savings Assessment of Inverter Type Air Conditioners." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1206, no. 1 (2021): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1206/1/012023.

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Abstract This paper investigates the options for a consumer to choose between different inverter and non-inverter type residential air conditioners (ACs) concerning their payback periods (PPs) and Life Cycle Cost (LCC) savings. The economics-based analysis carried out to evaluate the PPs by which the costs associated with owning and operating 3-star, 4-star, and 5-star inverter AC models are recoverable compared to non-inverter type (baseline model). The product costs (Cp ), the repair costs (CR ), the maintenance costs (CM ), and the energy costs (CE ) are taken as the decision parameters for

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33

Roberts, Tamalee, Nantasit Luangasanatip, Clare L. Ling, et al. "Antimicrobial resistance detection in Southeast Asian hospitals is critically important from both patient and societal perspectives, but what is its cost?" PLOS Global Public Health 1, no. 10 (2021): e0000018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000018.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global health. Improving laboratory capacity for AMR detection is critically important for patient health outcomes and population level surveillance. We aimed to estimate the financial cost of setting up and running a microbiology laboratory for organism identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing as part of an AMR surveillance programme. Financial costs for setting up and running a microbiology laboratory were estimated using a top-down approach based on resource and cost data obtained from three clinical laboratories in the Mahi

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Liyanagunawardena, Tharindu R., Karsten O. Lundqvist, and Shirley A. Williams. "Massive Open Online Courses and Economic Sustainability." European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning 18, no. 2 (2015): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eurodl-2015-0015.

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Abstract Millions of users around the world have registered on Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) offered by hundreds of universities (and other organizations) worldwide. Creating and offering these courses costs thousands of pounds. However, at present, revenue generated by MOOCs is not sufficient to offset these costs. The sustainability of MOOCs is a pressing concern as they incur not only upfront creation costs but also maintenance costs to keep content relevant, as well as on-going facilitation support costs while a course is running and re-running. At present, charging a fee for certifi

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35

Baudinette, R. V. "The energetics and cardiorespiratory correlates of mammalian terrestrial locomotion." Journal of Experimental Biology 160, no. 1 (1991): 209–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.160.1.209.

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Energy costs of locomotion in mammals can be predicted from running speed and body mass, with the minimum cost decreasing regularly with increasing mass (Mb-0.30). The predictive value of this model is surprising, given the differences in gait and limb structure among mammals. The decrease in mass-specific cost cannot be explained by the work done in moving the limbs and the centre of mass, as animals of different sizes do the same amount of work to move a unit mass a unit distance. The magnitude of the muscle forces involved and the shortening velocity are more likely causes. Terrestrial mamm

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36

GHIYASVAND, MEHDI. "A NEW APPROACH FOR SOLVING THE MINIMUM COST FLOW PROBLEM WITH INTERVAL AND FUZZY DATA." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 19, no. 01 (2011): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488511006897.

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In particular, imprecise observations or possible perturbations mean that data in a network flows may well be better represented by intervals or fuzzy numbers than crisp quantities. In this paper we first consider the minimum cost flow problem with compact interval-valued lower and upper bounds, flows, and costs. We present a new method that shows this problem is solved using two minimum cost flow problems with crisp data. Then this result is extended to networks with fuzzy lower and upper bounds, flows, and costs. One of the best algorithms to solve the minimum cost flow problem with crisp da

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37

Baumgartner, Tobias, Steffen Held, Stefanie Klatt, and Lars Donath. "Limitations of Foot-Worn Sensors for Assessing Running Power." Sensors 21, no. 15 (2021): 4952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21154952.

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Running power as measured by foot-worn sensors is considered to be associated with the metabolic cost of running. In this study, we show that running economy needs to be taken into account when deriving metabolic cost from accelerometer data. We administered an experiment in which 32 experienced participants (age = 28 ± 7 years, weekly running distance = 51 ± 24 km) ran at a constant speed with modified spatiotemporal gait characteristics (stride length, ground contact time, use of arms). We recorded both their metabolic costs of transportation, as well as running power, as measured by a Stryd

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Toyoda, A., and T. Taira. "A new method for treating fluorine wastewater to reduce sludge and running costs." IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 13, no. 3 (2000): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/66.857940.

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39

Halsey, Lewis G., and Craig R. White. "A different angle: comparative analyses of whole-animal transport costs when running uphill." Journal of Experimental Biology 220, no. 2 (2016): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.142927.

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40

Flockton, Christopher. "Germany's long‐running fiscal strains: Unification costs or unsustainability of welfare state arrangements?" Debatte: Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe 6, no. 1 (1998): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09651569808454578.

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41

Sellers, W. "Modelling the energy costs of bipedal running: The importance of elastic energy storage." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 146, no. 4 (2007): S108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.179.

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42

Alqahtani, Ayedh, and Andrew Whyte. "Estimation of life-cycle costs of buildings: regression vs artificial neural network." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 6, no. 1 (2016): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-08-2014-0035.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the performance of regression and artificial-neural-networks (ANNs) methods to estimate the running cost of building projects towards improved accuracy. Design/methodology/approach – A data set of 20 building projects is used to test the performance of these two (ANNs/regression) models in estimating running cost. The concept of cost-significant-items is identified as important in assisting estimation. In addition, a stepwise technique is used to eliminate insignificant factors in regression modelling. A connection weight method is applied to d

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Giovanelli, Nicola, Amanda Louise Ryan Ortiz, Keely Henninger, and Rodger Kram. "Energetics of vertical kilometer foot races; is steeper cheaper?" Journal of Applied Physiology 120, no. 3 (2016): 370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00546.2015.

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Vertical kilometer foot races consist of a 1,000-m elevation gain in <5,000 m of overall distance, and the inclines of the fastest courses are ∼30°. Previous uphill locomotion studies have focused on much shallower angles. We aimed to quantify the metabolic costs of walking and running on very steep angles and to biomechanically distinguish walking from running. Fifteen runners (10 male, 5 female, 32.9 ± 7.5 yr, 1.75 ± 0.09 m, 64.3 ± 9.1 kg) walked and ran for 5 min at seven different angles (9.4, 15.8, 20.4, 24.8, 30.0, 35.0, and 39.2°) all at a fixed vertical velocity (0.35 m/s). We measu

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Delgado, Rigoberto I., and Sara L. Gill. "A Microcosting Study of Establishing a Baby Café® in Texas." Journal of Human Lactation 34, no. 1 (2017): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334417724118.

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Background: This article focuses on the costs of opening and running a Baby Café. A Baby Café is an intervention that focuses on providing peer-to-peer support for breastfeeding mothers. Research aim: This study aimed to estimate the costs of establishing and running a Baby Café. Methods: The authors used a microcosting approach to identifying costs using the case of a Baby Café located in San Antonio, Texas, and modeled after other existing cafés in the United States. They also used extensive literature review and conducted an informal interview with a manager of an existing Baby Café in the

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Collier, G. H., D. F. Johnson, J. Naveira, and K. A. Cybulski. "Ambient temperature and food costs: effects on behavior patterns in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 257, no. 6 (1989): R1328—R1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1989.257.6.r1328.

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Eating, drinking, wheel running, and nesting were recorded continuously in animals living in cages where they foraged for and consumed food by completing operant bar-press requirements. The ambient temperature was either 24 or 0 degrees C. Two food costs, that of initiating meals and that of pellets within meals, were separately manipulated at each temperature. Compared with room temperature, the cold temperature produced a doubling of food and water intake and a greater than twofold increase in nesting time each day. Running behavior was not altered. Regardless of temperature, the cost of ini

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Haugbølle, Kim, and Lau M. Raffnsøe. "Rethinking life cycle cost drivers for sustainable office buildings in Denmark." Facilities 37, no. 9/10 (2019): 624–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-01-2018-0003.

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Purpose Sustainable building design suffers from a lack of reliable life cycle data. The purpose of this paper is to compare life cycle costs of sustainable building projects, examine the magnitude of various cost drivers and discuss the implications of an emerging shift in cost drivers. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on data from 21 office buildings certified in Denmark according to the sustainable certification scheme DGNB. Findings The paper supports previous findings that construction costs and running costs each roughly make up half of the life cycle costs over a 50-year

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Sherk, Adam. "The alcohol deficit: Canadian government revenue and societal costs from alcohol." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 40, no. 5/6 (2020): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.40.5/6.02.

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This summary article compares government revenue from the sale and distribution of alcohol to the societal costs caused by alcohol use for the year 2014. Statistics Canada data reported government revenue of $10.9 billion; however, this was offset by net societal costs of $14.6 billion, as reported by Canada's national substance use surveillance system, the Canadian Substance Use Costs and Harms project. The societal costs include health care, economic loss of production, criminal justice and other direct costs. Though revenue from alcohol sales has been described as a benefit to public coffer

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48

Feinberg, Eugene A., and Xiaoxuan Zhang. "OPTIMAL SWITCHING ON AND OFF THE ENTIRE SERVICE CAPACITY OF A PARALLEL QUEUE." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 29, no. 4 (2015): 483–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964815000157.

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This paper studies optimal switching on and off of the entire service capacity of an M/M/∞ queue with holding, running and switching costs. The running costs depend only on whether the system is on or off, and the holding costs are linear. The goal is to minimize average costs per unit time. The main result is that an average-cost optimal policy either always runs the system or is an (M, N)-policy defined by two thresholds M and N, such that the system is switched on upon an arrival epoch when the system size accumulates to N and is switched off upon a departure epoch when the system size decr

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Galamboš, Róbert, Jana Galambošová, Vladimír Rataj, and Miroslav Kavka. "Design of Condition-Based Decision Support System for Preventive Maintenance." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 20, no. 1 (2017): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ata-2017-0004.

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Abstract Presented paper deals with the topic of preventive maintenance. A decision support system was designed, incorporating historical as well as forecast information to calculate the time remaining to preventive maintenance. The designed system optimizes maintenance costs without any further investment and running costs. An algorithm of the designed system is introduced and a case study of its implementation is described in the paper.

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Martyr, R. "Dynamic programming for discrete-time finite-horizon optimal switching problems with negative switching costs." Advances in Applied Probability 48, no. 3 (2016): 832–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apr.2016.30.

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Abstract In this paper we study a discrete-time optimal switching problem on a finite horizon. The underlying model has a running reward, terminal reward, and signed (positive and negative) switching costs. Using optimal stopping theory for discrete-parameter stochastic processes, we extend a well-known explicit dynamic programming method for computing the value function and the optimal strategy to the case of signed switching costs.

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