Journal articles on the topic 'Running Time: 40m/COLOR'

The new thioantimonate [Mg(en)3][Sb4S7] containing for the first time a [Mg(en)3]2+ cation as structure-directing unit was synthesized under solvothermal conditions applying elemental Mg, SbCl3, S and ethylenediamine. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 9.9267(6), b = 14.254(1), c = 17.259(1) A° , β = 102.611(7)°, V = 2383.1(3) °A3, Z = 4. In the structure trigonal SbS3 pyramids are joined to form an Sb3S3 ring. The rings are connected through SbS3 units yielding an undulated chain anion running along [001]. Considering so-called secondary Sb-S bonds, a layer-like thioantimonate anion is formed. The [Mg(en)3]2+ cations are located between the layers. Relatively short S・ ・ ・H-N contacts suggest hydrogen bonding interactions between the cation and the [Sb4S7]2− anion. The compound starts to decompose at about 220 °C. The optical band gap of 2.35 eV is in agreement with the orange color of the crystals. In the Raman spectrum prominent Sb-S resonances are seen between 250 and 400 cm−1 which can be assigned to different Sb-S vibrations

The number of women seeking congressional office in the United States has dramatically increased since 1980. Previous research on women candidates explores why women run, but new research on candidate emergence shows that women face different challenges and advantages based on their race and ethnicity. We investigate these differences by disaggregating data on women’s candidate emergence by race and ethnicity to examine how these theories work when explicitly considering race and ethnicity. We focus our examination on women running in House primaries between 1980 and 2012. We argue that theories of candidate emergence are conditional to the racial and/or ethnic identification of the candidate. We employ a cross-sectional time series analysis with the intuition that examining congressional elections over time will allow us to make general comments about the participation of women in congressional elections. We find that many of the conditions thought necessary for women’s emergence as candidates are contextual and temporally specific. Moreover, conditions that encourage women to run do not necessarily apply to women of color.

Color space conversion (CSC) is an important kernel in the area of image and video processing applications including video compression. As a matrix math, this operation consumes up to 40% of processing time of a highly optimized decoder. Therefore, techniques which efficiently implement this conversion are desired. Multicore processors provide an opportunity to increase the performance of CSC by exploiting data parallelism. In this paper, we present three novel approaches for efficient implementation of color space conversion suitable for homogeneous and heterogeneous multicore. We compare the performance of color space conversion on a variety of platforms including OpenMP running on homogeneous multicore CPUs, CUDA with NVIDIA GPUs and OpenCL running on both NVIDIA and ATI GPUs. Our experimental results show that the speedup of3×, 17×and15×can been obtained, respectively.

In this paper, we propose a quantized YCbCr color space (QYCbCr) technique which is employed in standard JPEG. The objective of this work is to accelerate computational time of the standard JPEG image compression algorithm. This is a development of the standard JPEG which is named QYCBCr algorithm. It merges two processes i.e., YCbCr color space conversion and Q quantization in which in the standar JPEG they were performed separately. The merger forms a new single integrated process of color conversion which is employed prior to DCT process by subsequently eliminating the quantization process. The equation formula of QYCbCr color coversion is built based on the chrominance and luminance properties of the human visual system which derived from quatization matrices. Experiment results performed on images of different sizes show that the computational running time of QYCbCr algorithm gives 4 up to 8 times faster than JPEG standard, and also provides higher compression ratio and better image quality.

To reduce exhaust NOx and smoke, it is important to measure flame temperature and soot amount in combustion chamber. In diesel combustion it is effective to use the two-color method for the measurement of the flame temperature and KL factor, which is related with soot concentration. The diesel flame was directly and continuously observed from the combustion chamber at running engine condition by using a bore scope and a high-speed video camera. The experimental single cylinder engine has 2.0-liter displacement and has the ability with up to five times of the boost pressure than the naturally aspirated engine by external super-charger. The devices of High Boost, Wide Range and High EGR rate at keeping a relatively high excess air ratio were installed in this research engine in order to reduce exhaust NOx emission without smoke deterioration from diesel engines. The video camera nac GX-1 was used in this study. From observed data under the changing EGR rates, the flame temperature and KL factor were obtained by the software of two-color method analysis. The diesel combustion processes are understood well by analyzing high-speed movies of the diesel flame motion and its temperature. The NOx and smoke are mutually related to maximum flame temperature and also it is possible to reduce simultaneously both NOx and soot emissions by high EGR rate in a single cylinder diesel engine.

In order to improve the time delay estimation of colored noise signals, this article proposes generalized cross-correlation time delay estimation based on variational mode decomposition. First of all, we put forward the signal energy detection criterion to extract the effective signal from the signal, which can reduce the amount of calculation and improve the real-time performance. Second, the effective signal is decomposed into a number of intrinsic mode functions using variational mode decomposition. The correlation coefficients of each intrinsic mode function and the original signal are calculated. The article reconstructed signal with intrinsic mode functions which extract useful intrinsic mode functions by defaulting the correlation coefficient threshold. Finally, this article uses generalized cross-correlation to estimate time delay of the reconstructed signal. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the accurate time delay estimation can be obtained under the condition of color noise by the proposed method. The measurement accuracy of the proposed method is 15 times that of the generalized cross-correlation, and the running time of the proposed method is 4.0601 times faster than that of the generalized cross-correlation algorithm. The proposed method can reduce the computation and the running time of the system and also improve the measurement accuracy.

The need for simple and reliable means of respiratory monitoring has existed since the beginnings of medicine. In the present study, we describe the use of color spectrographic analysis of breathing sounds recorded from the external ear canal as a candidate technology to meet this need. A miniature electret microphone was modified with the addition of an adapter to allow it to be placed comfortably in the external ear canal. The amplified signal was then connected to a real-time color spectrogram program running on a laptop personal computer utilizing the Windows operating system. Based on the results obtained, we hypothesize that the real-time display of color spectrogram breathing patterns locally or at a central monitoring station may turn out to be a useful means of respiratory monitoring in patients at increased risk of respiratory depression or other respiratory problems. Finally, we conducted a statistical analysis that suggests that significant spectrogram differences may exist among some groups investigated in the study.

Headlines touted a “wave” of women and minority candidates running in the 2018 elections, leading some to conclude that 2018 was the new “year of the woman” and perhaps “year of the candidate of color” (Lai et al. 2018). In fact, the number of women and candidates of color contesting US House elections was so high in 2018 that for the first time on record, White men were the minority of Democratic House nominees (Schneider 2018). Surveys taken immediately before the 2018 midterm elections indicated that women of color were the “ideal candidates” for Democrats, suggesting a changing voter demand for a more diverse field of candidates (Easley 2018).

The analysis of fractal patterns has grown during the past years, mainly due to the wide range of applications to diverse scientific areas where fractals have been explored. It turns out that the key tool to study the complexity of a given system is the Fractal Dimension (FD), since this is its main invariant which throws quite useful information about the complexity that it presents when being examined with enough level of detail. In the proposed method, we adopt a hyper-surface partition method which considers the hyper-surface as continuous and divides the image into non-overlapped blocks. We present a novel counting method in the RGB color domain. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method shows its robustness and it can be performed as a reliable FD estimation approach for the color images. The running time of the proposed method is much shorter than that of other algorithms.

We describe a wayfinding system for blind and visually impaired persons that uses a camera phone to determine the user's location with respect to color markers, posted at locations of interest (such as offices), which are automatically detected by the phone. The color marker signs are specially designed to be detected in real time in cluttered environments using computer vision software running on the phone; a novel segmentation algorithm quickly locates the borders of the color marker in each image, which allows the system to calculate how far the marker is from the phone. We present a model of how the user's scanning strategy (i.e. how he/she pans the phone left and right to find color markers) affects the system's ability to detect color markers given the limitations imposed by motion blur, which is always a possibility whenever a camera is in motion. Finally, we describe experiments with our system tested by blind and visually impaired volunteers, demonstrating their ability to reliably use the system to find locations designated by color markers in a variety of indoor and outdoor environments, and elucidating which search strategies were most effective for users.

Purpose This paper aims to inspect the defects of solder joints of printed circuit board in real-time production line, simple computing and high accuracy are primary consideration factors for feature extraction and classification algorithm. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the author presents an ensemble method for the classification of solder joint defects. The new method is based on extracting the color and geometry features after solder image acquisition and using decision trees to guarantee the algorithm’s running executive efficiency. To improve algorithm accuracy, the author proposes an ensemble method of random forest which combined several trees for the classification of solder joints. Findings The proposed method has been tested using 280 samples of solder joints, including good and various defect types, for experiments. The results show that the proposed method has a high accuracy. Originality/value The author extracted the color and geometry features and used decision trees to guarantee the algorithm's running executive efficiency. To improve the algorithm accuracy, the author proposes using an ensemble method of random forest which combined several trees for the classification of solder joints. The results show that the proposed method has a high accuracy.

Color blindness test is one way to find out whether a person has color blindness or not, is usually done with the Ishihara method. This Ishihara method is a method where when running a test with this method, the patient is usually faced with a book containing a circle pattern (disk) with many points of various colors and sizes in it. The circle pattern is usually 14, 24 and 38 dishes. Tests like this are usually done in health agencies, one of which is the Cahaya Insani Clinic in Garut, West Java. The process of implementing a color-blind test is still done manually where people who want to do a color-blind test must come directly to the clinic, making people who did color-blind tests had to be willing to wait a long time to be able to do a color-blind test. In addition to these problems, the lack of knowledge and understanding of the community regarding color blindness, makes people less aware of the importance of color-blinding tests early on. Therefore, a media is needed that can do color blindness tests quickly and easily, coupled with information about color blindness that can provide insight to the community. Mobile based application Android is one of the right media to make it easy for people to obtain information. Starting from this, then made an Android-based color blindness test application to make it easier for people to do color blindness tests anytime and anywhere, and can used as a medium of information about color blindness.

This paper succeeded in utilizing cellular automata (CA) model to simulate the process of the train operation under the four-aspect color light system and getting the nonperiodic diagram of the mixed passenger and freight tracks. Generally speaking, the concerned models could simulate well the situation of wagon in preventing trains from colliding when parking and restarting and of the real-time changes the situation of train speeds and displacement and get hold of the current train states in their departures and arrivals. Finally the model gets the train diagram that simulates the train operation in different ratios of the van and analyzes some parameter characters in the process of train running, such as time, speed, through capacity, interval departing time, and departing numbers.

Female diurnal velvet-ants are among the insects most strongly protected against predation. These protections include an exceedingly hard and tightly fitting integument, powerful legs and rapid running ability, aposematic color, aposematic warning stridulation, aposematic odor, and, most famously, legendarily powerful stings. Small to medium-sized velvet-ants were rarely injured or killed in tests against potential predators. Velvet-ant stings are painful, often exceedingly so, but have low toxicity or lethality and are of defensive value primarily by causing intense pain. Despite being well defended against predators they do not form night-time resting aggregations that might enhance mutual protection.

Circular histogram thresholding is a novel color image segmentation method, which makes full use of the hue component color information of the image, so that the desired target can be better separated from the background. Maximum entropy thresholding on circular histogram is one of the exist circular histogram thresholding methods. However, this method needs to search for a pair of optimal thresholds on the circular histogram of two-class thresholding in an exhaustive way, and its running time is even longer than that of the existing circular histogram thresholding based on the Otsu criteria, so the segmentation efficiency is extremely low, and the real-time application cannot be realized. In order to solve this problem, a recursive algorithm of maximum entropy thresholding on circular histogram is proposed. Moreover, the recursive algorithm is extended to the case of multiclass thresholding. A large number of experimental results show that the proposed recursive algorithms are more efficient than brute force and the existing circular histogram thresholding based on the Otsu criteria.

We address the problem of computing the distribution of induced connected subgraphs, aka graphlets or motifs , in large graphs. The current state-of-the-art algorithms estimate the motif counts via uniform sampling by leveraging the color coding technique by Alon, Yuster, and Zwick. In this work, we extend the applicability of this approach by introducing a set of algorithmic optimizations and techniques that reduce the running time and space usage of color coding and improve the accuracy of the counts. To this end, we first show how to optimize color coding to efficiently build a compact table of a representative subsample of all graphlets in the input graph. For 8-node motifs, we can build such a table in one hour for a graph with 65M nodes and 1.8B edges, which is times larger than the state of the art. We then introduce a novel adaptive sampling scheme that breaks the “additive error barrier” of uniform sampling, guaranteeing multiplicative approximations instead of just additive ones. This allows us to count not only the most frequent motifs, but also extremely rare ones. For instance, on one graph we accurately count nearly 10.000 distinct 8-node motifs whose relative frequency is so small that uniform sampling would literally take centuries to find them. Our results show that color coding is still the most promising approach to scalable motif counting.

Backgrounds: It remains to be determined whether visual stimuli during exercise differentially influence the attention process. The purpose of the present study was to examine if different color stimuli during aerobic exercise are associated with different attention processes. Methods: 22 college students completed a four 30-min running session during the presentation of different color stimuli (blue, green, red, and yellow) and without color stimulus on separate visits. The Kanizsa triangle task was administrated before and immediately after exercise to assess the attention process. Behavioral performance (accuracy and response time (RT)) and event-related potential (P2, N2b and P3a) were recorded during the test. Results: Valid/invalid cue RT during the Kaniza test performance was significantly faster following the presentation of color stimuli during treadmill exercise compared to the seated rest. During exercise, these changes were larger after green and yellow stimuli than red in invalid cue RT. P2, N2b and P3a amplitudes of green were significantly larger than the other colors for both valid and invalid cues. Red color showed the lowest P2 and P3a amplitudes for both valid and invalid cues among colors. Conclusion: The distinctive neurocognitive changes during aerobic exercise suggest different effects of color stimuli on visual search attention, attention capture, attentional orienting and processing speed. This study will be a first step to understand the optimal environmental setting during exercise for subsequent improvements in the attention process.

With the development of production automation and science and technology level, the intelligent level of the car is continuously improved. For intelligent car, with STC89S52 single chip microcomputer as its core of control, the direction and speed of it is controlled by the collection and processing of the signals from various kinds of transducers in the forward path. Therefore, the functions of automatic identification of black guide line applied to rapid and steady running status of the car and the obstacle color discrimination applied to direction selection during the course of running and other relevant functions can be realized. In this system, a DC motor is used for the forward and steering movement of the car, a LCD1602 is used for the display of its travel time, and a dual power supply by which system stability can be enhanced is used for the motor and control system respectively. Besides, the system control software is designed to be a combination of software and hardware, through which the anticipated functions of the car is ultimately realized.

In this work, the related risk factors and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were analyzed based on color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) diagnosis. Backpropagation (BP) algorithm-based CDU imaging algorithm (BPC) was constructed in this study and applied in CDU images of 80 pregnant women with GDM. Besides, amplitude and phase estimation (APES) and low-complexity adaptive beam (LCA) algorithms were introduced for comparison with BPC in turn. It was found that Dice similarity coefficient (96.44%), sensitivity (95.45%), and specificity (91.56%) of BPC were greater than those of APES (83.97%, 85.84%, 78.45%) and LCA (84.74%, 86.29%, 82.35%), while its running time (6.44 ± 1.39 s) was shorter than that of APES (11.87 ± 2.41 s) and LCA (13.76 ± 1.54 s) ( P < 0.05 ). Pregnant women in the experimental group (group B) were older than those in the control group (group A) ( P < 0.05 ). The pulsatility index (PI) and renal artery resistance index (RI) of fetuses in group B (0.95 ± 0.15) were higher than those of group A (0.57 ± 0.24) ( P < 0.05 ). In addition, pregnancy age, family history of hypertension, and abortion history were positively correlated with GDM ( P < 0.05 ). In conclusion, BPC could not only improve diagnosis accuracy in fetuses’ CDU images but also shorten calculation time. Pregnancy age, family history of hypertension, and abortion history were the related risk factors for GDM in pregnant women.

The QCD light-front Hamiltonian equation HLFΨ=M2Ψ derived from quantization at fixed LF time τ=t + z/c provides a causal, frame-independent method for computing hadron spectroscopy as well as dynamical observables such as structure functions, transverse momentum distributions, and distribution amplitudes. The QCD Lagrangian with zero quark mass has no explicit mass scale. de Alfaro, Fubini, and Furlan (dAFF) have made an important observation that a mass scale can appear in the equations of motion without affecting the conformal invariance of the action if one adds a term to the Hamiltonian proportional to the dilatation operator or the special conformal operator. If one applies the dAFF procedure to the QCD light-front Hamiltonian, it leads to a color-confining potential κ4ζ2 for mesons, where ζ2 is the LF radial variable conjugate to the qq¯ invariant mass squared. The same result, including spin terms, is obtained using light-front holography, the duality between light-front dynamics and AdS5, if one modifies the AdS5 action by the dilaton eκ2z2 in the fifth dimension z. When one generalizes this procedure using superconformal algebra, the resulting light-front eigensolutions provide a unified Regge spectroscopy of meson, baryon, and tetraquarks, including remarkable supersymmetric relations between the masses of mesons and baryons and a universal Regge slope. The pion qq¯ eigenstate has zero mass at mq=0. The superconformal relations also can be extended to heavy-light quark mesons and baryons. This approach also leads to insights into the physics underlying hadronization at the amplitude level. I will also discuss the remarkable features of the Poincaré invariant, causal vacuum defined by light-front quantization and its impact on the interpretation of the cosmological constant. AdS/QCD also predicts the analytic form of the nonperturbative running coupling αs(Q2)∝e-Q2/4κ2. The mass scale κ underlying hadron masses can be connected to the parameter ΛMS¯ in the QCD running coupling by matching the nonperturbative dynamics to the perturbative QCD regime. The result is an effective coupling αs(Q2) defined at all momenta. One obtains empirically viable predictions for spacelike and timelike hadronic form factors, structure functions, distribution amplitudes, and transverse momentum distributions. Finally, I address the interesting question of whether the momentum sum rule is valid for nuclear structure functions.

In this paper, a humanoid robot soccer perception system, consisting of a ball, field detection, and localization, is developed in order to deal with the new rules in RoboCup. Color segmentation and image morphology are improved together with a more sophisticated machine learning algorithm to detect a soccer ball robustly. Those algorithms are still favorable due to its real-time running in most of the embedded platform. For localization, the field is divided into pre-deðned grids and employing k-NN (k-nearest neighbor) to determine the robot location in the grids. Pre-defined grids are used to reduce computation due to matching with a map. Experiment results show that the developed system relatively well for adapting to the new rules update.

The majority of football players succumb to fatigue towards the end of the game. This study was designed to examine the influence of protein coingestion with carbohydrate (CHO) vs. an isocaloric CHO supplement on subsequent running capacity towards the end of a simulated football match. Six male amateur football players participated in 3 trials applied in a randomized cross-over experimental design. A laboratory-based, football-specific intermittent exercise was allocated for 75 min interspersed with a 15-min recovery, immediately followed by run time to fatigue (RTF) at 80% peak oxygen consumption. In each trial, prior to exercise and during half-time, participants randomly ingested a placebo (PLC), 6.9% CHO, or 4.8% CHO plus 2.1% protein (CHO-P) supplements matched for color and taste. CHO-P resulted in longer RTF (23.02 ± 5.27 min) than did CHO (16.49 ± 3.25 min) and PLC (11.00 ± 2.80 min) (p < 0.05). Blood glucose was higher in CHO-P at the point of fatigue (4.68 ± 0.64) compared with CHO and PLC (3.92 ± 0.29 and 3.66 ± 0.36, respectively; p < 0.05). Ratings of perceived exertion were lower in the CHO-P subjects at the onset of exercise and towards the end of intermittent exercise when compared with the PLC and CHO subjects (p < 0.05). When protein was added to a CHO supplement, subsequent running capacity following limited recovery from intermittent exercise was enhanced. This improvement suggests that protein coingestion may exert an ergogenic benefit upon endurance capacity during intermittent activity.

A novel multilevel threshold segmentation method for color satellite images based on Masi entropy is proposed in this paper. Lévy multiverse optimization algorithm (LMVO) has a strong advantage over the traditional multiverse optimization algorithm (MVO) in finding the optimal solution for the segmentation in the three channels of an RGB image. As the work advancement introduces a Lévy multiverse optimization algorithm which uses tournament selection instead of roulette wheel selection, and updates some formulas in the algorithm with mutation factor. Then, the proposal is called TLMVO, and another advantage is that the population diversity of the algorithm in the latest iterations is maintained. The Masi entropy is used as an application and combined with the improved TLMVO algorithm for satellite color image segmentation. Masi entropy combines the additivity of Renyi entropy and the non-extensibility of Tsallis entropy. By increasing the number of thesholds, the quality of segmenttion becomes better, then the dimensionality of the problem also increases. Fitness function value, average CPU running time, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and Feature Similarity Index (FSIM) were used to evaluate the segmentation results. Further statistical evaluation was given by Wilcoxon's rank sum test and Friedman test. The experimental results show that the TLMVO algorithm has wide adaptability to high-dimensional optimization problems, and has obvious advantages in objective function value, image quality detection, convergence performance and robustness.

Balanced colorings of networks correspond to flow-invariant synchrony spaces. It is known that the coarsest balanced coloring is equivalent to nodes having isomorphic infinite input trees, but this condition is not algorithmic. We provide an algorithmic characterization: two nodes have the same color for the coarsest balanced coloring if and only if their [Formula: see text]th input trees are isomorphic, where [Formula: see text] is the number of nodes. Here [Formula: see text] is the best possible. The proof is analogous to that of Leighton’s theorem in graph theory, using the universal cover of the network and the notion of a symbolic adjacency matrix to set up a partition refinement algorithm whose output is the coarsest balanced coloring. The running time of the algorithm is cubic in [Formula: see text].

Introduction: During the aging process, cardiovascular function suffers intense changes. Objective: To perform an echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function in elderly male athletes and non-athletes. Methods: Eleven elderly males were separated into two groups: group A, with six non-athletes (61.66 ± 3.20y) and group B, with eight athletes (62.75 ± 3.24y). Two-dimensional and M mode color Doppler echocardiography were used to assess heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), diastolic dimension (DD), systolic dimension (SD), end diastolic volume (EDV), end systolic volume (ESV), mass of the left ventricle (M), isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT), and deceleration time (DT). Results: HR was significantly higher in Group A. The mean values of EDV, ESV, and DT were significantly higher in athletes (Group B). IRT and SV values were higher in Group A; and DD, DS and M trended to be higher in Group B, but without any statistical significance. Conclusions: The regular practice of running improved both hemodynamic and structural variables in elderly subjects.

Visual based route and boundary detection is a key technology in agricultural automatic navigation systems. The variable illumination and lack of training samples has a bad effect on visual route detection in unstructured farmland environments. In order to improve the robustness of the boundary detection under different illumination conditions, an image segmentation algorithm based on support vector machine was proposed. A superpixel segmentation algorithm was adopted to solve the lack of training samples for a support vector machine. A sufficient number of superpixel samples were selected for extraction of color and texture features, thus a 19-dimensional feature vector was formed. Then, the support vector machine model was trained and used to identify the paddy ridge field in the new picture. The recognition F1 score can reach 90.7%. Finally, Hough transform detection was used to extract the boundary of the ridge field. The total running time of the proposed algorithm is within 0.8 s and can meet the real-time requirements of agricultural machinery.

The safety of train operating is seriously menaced by the rail defects, so it is of great significance to inspect rail defects dynamically while the train is operating. This paper presents a two-dimensional impact reconstruction method to realize the on-line inspection of rail defects. The proposed method utilizes preprocessing technology to convert time domain vertical vibration signals acquired by wireless sensor network to space signals. The modern time-frequency analysis method is improved to reconstruct the obtained multisensor information. Then, the image fusion processing technology based on spectrum threshold processing and node color labeling is proposed to reduce the noise, and blank the periodic impact signal caused by rail joints and locomotive running gear. This method can convert the aperiodic impact signals caused by rail defects to partial periodic impact signals, and locate the rail defects. An application indicates that the two-dimensional impact reconstruction method could display the impact caused by rail defects obviously, and is an effective on-line rail defects inspection method.

Dyes are colored substances being used to color various types of fabrics and materials from ancient time. During their use in the coloring of various types of materials as well as during their synthesis; they come out in the environment as such or in the form of toxic by-products and by mixing in aqueous system generate various types of problems to organisms living in that aqueous environment as well as human beings using that polluted water in any way. Several techniques are being used in the present time to solve such environmental problems. In this direction, many researches are also running on the green use of microbial technology in bioremediation of toxic, carcinogenic and extremely harmful unused dye’s products as well as its by-products by elimination or degradation or de-colorization. This mini-review discusses about the some recent researches done in this field in order to solve this problem and future aspect of the use of this green technology

For improving the generality, expandability and accuracy, the general embedded intelligent monitoring system of tower crane is developed. The system can be applied to different kinds of tower cranes running at any lifting ratio, can be initialized using U disk with the information of tower crane, and fit the lifting torque curve automatically. In dangerous state, the system can sent out alarm signals with sounds and lights, and cut off power by sending signals to PLC through communication interface RS485. When electricity goes off suddenly, the system can record the real-time operating information automatically, and store them in a black box, which can be taken as the basis for confirming the accident responsibility.In recent years, tower cranes play a more and more important role in the construction of tall buildings, in other construction fields are also more widely used. For the safety of tower cranes, various monitors have been developed for monitoring the running information of crane tower [1-8]. These monitors can’t eliminate the errors caused by temperature variations automatically. The specific tower crane’s parameters such as geometric parameters, alarming parameters, lifting ratio, lifting torque should be embedded into the core program, so a monitor can only be applied to a specific type of tower crane, lack of generality and expansibility.For improving the defects of the existing monitors, a general intelligent monitoring modular system of tower crane with high precision is developed, which can initialize the system automatically, eliminate the temperature drift and creep effect of sensor, and store power-off data, which is the function of black box.Hardware design of the monitoring systemThe system uses modularized design mode. These modules include embedded motherboard module, sensor module, signal processing module, data acquisition module, power module, output control module, display and touch screen module. The hardware structure is shown in figure 1. Figure 1 Hardware structure of the monitoring systemEmbedded motherboard module is the core of the system. The motherboard uses the embedded microprocessor ARM 9 as MCU, onboard SDRAM and NAND Flash. Memory size can be chosen according to users’ needs. SDRAM is used for running procedure and cache data. NAND Flash is used to store embedded Linux operating system, applications and operating data of tower crane. Onboard clock with rechargeable batteries provides the information of year, month, day, hour, minute and second. This module provides time tag for real-time operating data. Most interfaces are taken out by the plugs on the embedded motherboard. They include I/O interface, RS232 interface, RS485 interface, USB interface, LCD interface, Audio interface, Touch Screen interface. Pull and plug structure is used between all interfaces and peripheral equipments, which not only makes the system to be aseismatic, but also makes its configuration flexible. Watch-dog circuit is designed on the embedded motherboard, which makes the system reset to normal state automatically after its crash because of interference, program fleet, or getting stuck in an infinite loop, so the system stability is improved greatly. In order to store operating data when power is down suddenly, the power-down protection circuit is designed. The saved data will be helpful to repeat the accident process later, confirm the accident responsibility, and provide the basis for structure optimization of tower crane.Sensor module is confirmed by the main parameters related to tower crane’s security, such as lifting weight, lifting torque, trolley luffing, lifting height, rotary angle and wind speed. Axle pin shear load cell is chosen to acquire lifting weight signals. Potentiometer accompanied with multi-stopper or incremental encoder is chosen to acquire trolley luffing and lifting height signals. Potentiometer accompanied with multi-stopper or absolute photoelectric encoder is chosen to acquire rotary angle signals. Photoelectric sensor is chosen to acquire wind speed signals. The output signals of these sensors can be 0~5V or 4~20mA analog signals, or digital signal from RS485 bus. The system can choose corresponding signal processing method according to the type of sensor signal, which increases the flexibility on the selection of sensors, and is helpful for the users to expand monitoring objects. If the acquired signal is analog signal, it will be processed with filtering, isolation, anti-interference processing by signal isolate module, and sent to A/D module for converting into digital signals, then transformed into RS485 signal by the communication protocol conversion device according to Modbus protocol. If the acquired signal is digital signal with RS485 interface, it can be linked to RS485 bus directly. All the acquired signals are sent to embedded motherboard for data processing through RS485 bus.The data acquisition module is linked to the data acquisition control module on embedded motherboard through RS485 interface. Under the control of program, the system inquires the sensors at regular intervals, and acquires the operating data of crane tower. Median filter technology is used to eliminate interferences from singularity signals. After analysis and processing, the data are stored in the database on ARM platform.Switch signal can be output to relay module or PLC from output control module through RS485 bus, then each actuator will be power on or power off according to demand, so the motion of tower crane will be under control.Video module is connected with motherboard through TFT interface. After being processed, real-time operating parameters are displayed on LCD. The working time, work cycle times, alarm, overweight and ultar-torque information will be stored into database automatically. For meeting the needs of different users, the video module is compatible with 5.7, 8.4 or 10.4 inches of color display.Touch screen is connected with embedded motherboard by touch screen interface, so human machine interaction is realized. Initialization, data download, alarm information inquire, parameter modification can be finished through touch screen.Speaker is linked with audio interface, thus alarm signals is human voice signal, not harsh buzz.USB interface can be linked to conventional U disk directly. Using U disk, users can upload basic parameters of tower crane, initialize system, download operating data, which provides the basis for the structural optimization and accident analysis. Software design of the monitoring systemAccording to the modular design principle, the system software is divided into grading encryption module, system update module, parameter settings module, calibration module, data acquisition and processor module, lifting parameters monitoring module, alarm query module, work statistics module.Alarm thresholds are guarantee for safety operation of the tower crane. Operating data of tower crane are the basis of service life prediction, structural optimization, accident analysis, accident responsibility confirmation. According to key field, the database is divided into different security levels for security requirements. Key fields are grade encryption with symmetrical encryption algorithm, and data keys are protected with elliptic curve encryption algorithm. The association is realized between the users’ permission and security grade of key fields, which will ensure authorized users with different grades to access the equivalent encrypted key fields. The user who meets the grade can access equivalent encrypted database and encrypted key field in the database, also can access low-grade encrypted key fields. This ensures the confidentiality and integrity of key data, and makes the system a real black box.The system is divided into operating mode and management mode in order to make the system toggle between the two states conveniently. The default state is operating mode. As long as the power is on, the monitoring system will be started by the system guide program, and monitor the operating state of the tower crane. The real-time operating data will be displayed on the display screen. At the dangerous state, warning signal will be sent to the driver through voice alarm and light alarm, and corresponding control signal will be output to execution unit to cut off relevant power for tower crane’s safety.By clicking at the mode switch button on the initial interface, the toggle can be finished between the management mode and the operating mode. Under the management mode, there are 4 grades encrypted modes, namely the system update, alarm query, parameter setting and data query. The driver only can browse relevant information. Ordinary administrator can download the alarm information for further analysis. Senior administrator can modify the alarm threshold. The highest administrator can reinitialize system to make it adapt to different types of tower crane. Only browse and download function are available in the key fields of alarm inquiry, anyone can't modify the data. The overload fields in alarm database are encrypted, only senior administrator can browse. The sensitive fields are prevented from being tampered to the great extent, which will provide the reliable basis for the structural optimization and accident analysis. The system can be initialized through the USB interface. Before initialization, type, structural parameters, alarm thresholds, control thresholds, lifting torque characteristics of tower crane should be made as Excel files and then converted to XML files by format conversion files developed specially, then the XML files are downloaded to U disk. The U disk is inserted into USB interface, then the highest administrator can initialize the system according to hints from system. After initialization, senior administrator can modify structural parameters, alarm thresholds, control thresholds by clicking on parameters setting menu. So long as users can make the corresponding excel form, the system initialization can be finished easily according to above steps and used for monitoring. This is very convenient for user.Tower crane belongs to mobile construction machinery. Over time, sensor signals may have some drift, so it is necessary to calibrate the system regularly for guaranteeing the monitoring accuracy. Considering the tower is a linear elastic structure, sensors are linear sensors,in calibration linear equation is used:y=kx+b (1)where x is sample value of sensor, y is actual value. k, b are calibration coefficients, and are calculated out by two-points method. At running mode, the relationship between x and y is:y=[(y1-y0)/(x1-x0)](x-x0)+y0 (2)After calibration, temperature drift and creep can be eliminated, so the monitoring accuracy is improved greatly.Lifting torque is the most important parameter of condition monitoring of tower crane. Comparing the real-time torque M(L) with rated torque Me(L), the movement of tower crane can be controlled under a safe status.M (L)= Q (L)×L (3)Where, Q(L)is actual lifting weight, L is trolley luffing. Me(L) = Qe(L)×L (4)Where, Q e(L) is rated lifting weight. The design values of rated lifting weight are discrete, while trolley luffing is continuous. Therefore there is a rated lifting weight in any position. According to the mechanical characteristics of tower crane, the rated lifting weight is calculated out at any point by 3 spline interpolation according to the rated lifting weight at design points.When lifting weight or lifting torque is beyond rated value, alarm signal and control signal will be sent out. The hoist motor with high, medium and low speed is controlled by the ratio of lifting weight Q and maximum lifting weight Qmax,so the hoisting speed can be controlled automatically by the lifting weight. The luffing motor with high and low speed is controlled by the ratio of lifting torque M and rated lifting torque Me. Thus the luffing speed can be controlled by the lifting torque automatically. The flow chart is shown in figure 2. Fig. 2 real-time control of lifting weight and lifting torqueWhen accidents take place, power will be off suddenly. It is vital for identifying accident liability to record the operating data at the time of power-off. If measures are not taken to save the operating data, the relevant departments is likely to shirk responsibility. In order to solve the problem, the power-off protection module is designed. The module can save the operating data within 120 seconds automatically before power is off suddenly. In this 120 seconds, data is recorded every 0.1 seconds, and stores in a 2D array with 6 rows 1200 columns in queue method. The elements of the first line are the recent time (year-month-day-hour-minute-second), the elements of the second line to sixth line are lifting weight, lifting torque, trolley luffing, lifting height and wind speed in turn. The initial values are zero, when a set of data are obtained, the elements in the first column are eliminated, the elements in the backward columns move frontwards, new elements are filled into the last column of the array, so the array always saves the operating data at the recent 120 seconds. In order to improve the real-time property of the response, and to extend the service life of the nonvolatile memory chip EEPROM-93C46, the array is cached in volatile flip SDRAM usually. So long as power-off signal produces, the array will be shift to EEPROM, at once.In order to achieve the task, the external interruption thread and the power-off monitoring thread of program is set up, the power-off monitoring thread of program is the highest priority. These two threads is idle during normal operation. When power is off, the power-off monitoring thread of program can be executed immediately. When power-off is monitored by power-off control circuit, the external interruption pins produces interrupt signal. The ARM microprocessor responds to external interrupt request, and wakes up the processing thread of external interruption, then sets synchronized events as informing state. After receiving the synchronized events, the data cached in SDRAM will be written to EEPROM in time.ConclusionThe general intelligence embedded monitoring system of tower crane, which can be applicable to various types of tower crane operating under any lifting rates, uses U disk with the information of the tower crane to finish the system initialization and fits the lifting torque curve automatically. In dangerous state, the system will give out the voice and light alarm, link with the relay or PLC by the RS485 communication interface, and cut off the power. When power is down suddenly, the instantaneous operating data can be recorded automatically, and stored in a black box, which can be taken as the proof for identifying accident responsibility. The system has been used to monitor the "JiangLu" series of tower cranes successfully, and achieved good social and economic benefits.AcknowledgementsThe authors wish to thank China Natural Science Foundation(50975289), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(20100471229), Hunan science & technology plan, Jianglu Machinery & Electronics Co. Ltd for funding this work.Reference Leonard Bernold. Intelligent Technology for Crane Accident Prevention. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 1997, 9: 122~124.Gu Lichen,Lei Peng,Jia Yongfeng. Tower crane' monitor and control based on multi-sensor. Journal of Vibration, Measurement and Diagnosis. 2006, 26(SUPPL.): 174-178.Wang Ming,Zhang Guiqing,Yan Qiao,et, al. Development of a novel black box for tower crane based on an ARM-based embedded system. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics. 2007: 82-87.Wang Renqun, Yin Chenbo, Zhang Song, et, al. Tower Crane Safety Monitoring and Control System Based on CAN Bus. Instrument Techniques and Sensor. 2010(4): 48-51.Zheng Conghai,Li Yanming,Yang Shanhu,et, al. Intelligent Monitoring System for Tower Crane Based on BUS Architecture and Cut IEEE1451 Standard. Computer Measurement & Control. 2010, 18, (9): 1992-1995.Yang Yu,Zhenlian Zhao,Liang Chen. Research and Design of Tower Crane Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis System. 2010 Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence. 2010: 405-408.Yu Yang, Chen Liang, Zhao Zhenlian. Research and design of tower crane condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence, 2010, 3: 405-408.Chen Baojiang, Zeng Xiaoyuan. Research on structural frame of the embedded monitoring and control system for tower crane. 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering. 2010: 5374-5377.

Abstract Abstract 2929 The high rate of complete response (CR) effected by novel agents as induction has also renewed interest in the evaluation of minimal residual disease (MRD) in Multiple Mieloma (MM) [1]. For this purpose, In our hospital we conducted a retrospective study to compare the activity of VTD induction versus TAD. Using two different methods, as flow cytometric (FC) assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology we evaluated in the bone marrow the molecular residual disease (MRD), in the subgroup of patients that obtained CR. We evaluated 87 multiple myeloma patients treated between February 2009 and April 2012 and eligible for autologous transplant. Patients (table I) had untreated, newly diagnosed and symptomatic MM. All patients provided written informed consent. Patients were treated with 4 cycles of TAD or VTD. TAD consisted of four cycles of intravenous doxorubicin on day 1 every 28 days in day-hospital, dexamethasone 40 mg orally on days 1 through 4 and 9 through 12, and thalidomide 100 mg/day continuously and orally administered. VTD consisted of four 3-week cycles of bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2administered intravenously on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 plus dexamethasone 40 mg days 1–2 and days 3–4, 8–9, 11–12 (all cycles) and thalidomide 100 mg/day continuously and orally administered. Our target was the evaluation of minimal residual disease (MRD) in patients that obtained CR. Immunophenotyping was carried out by a FacsCanto II cytometer equipped with 3 lasers (405, 488, 633 nm). A seven-color method was used, with monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) conjugated with the following fluorochromes: FITC, PE, PercCP-Cy5.5, Pe-Cy.7, APC, APC-Cy.7, AmCyan [2]. PCR analyses were performed on mononuclear cells separated by Ficoll/Hypaque gradient. High molecular weight DNA was extracted and suitable aliquots were utilized for PCR assays to identify BM infiltration represented by clonal IgH rearrangement. Capillary electrophoresis and fluorescence detection with a virtual filter C was performed using a ABI Prism 310 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Runs were executed with the module GS STR POP 4 (1 ml) C with 10-second and 15 kV injection and run voltage, 60°C constant temperature, 24 min run time, using polymer POP 4 and the running buffer Genetic analyzer 1X (Applied Biosystem). Genescan 2.1 software was then used to analyze the PCR products, with accurate sizing and quantification of the peak areas, according to our previously published method [3]. After 4 cycles, The overall response rate was 91% in the VTD group versus 84% in the TAD group (Table 2). However, the CR plus VGPR rate was significantly higher in the VTD arm (51% vs 18%, P= .001). The difference in CR rate was 28% (30% in VTD group vs 2% in TAD group). In the only patient that obtained CR in the TAD group FC and PCR were able to still detect MRD but in ten of thirteen (77%) patients that achieved CR in VTD group both additional assays confirmed absence of MRD. VTD regimen was able to induce a very high rate of CR including undetected MRD even if evaluated with two different methods. In conclusion, in comparison with TAD induction, VTD significantly increased the rate of molecular remissions. Table I: Patients characteristics TAD VTD Total 44 43 87 Sex Male 18 (41%) 24 (56%) 42 Female 26 (59%) 19 (44%) 45 Age of diagnosis Median age 61 60 61 Range 35–73 29–72 29–73 MM Subtype IgA 8 11 19 IgG 32 28 60 LCD 4 3 7 NS 0 1 1 ISS I 27 25 52 II 7 8 15 III 10 10 20 Stage( Durie and Salmon) I 6 6 12 II 8 2 10 III 30 35 65 Karyotype Normal 35 36 71 Abnormal 9 7 16 Table II: Response rates TAD VTD CR 1 (2%) 13 (30%) VGPR 7 (16%) 9 (21%) PR 29 (66%) 17 (40%) SD 5 (11%) 3 (7%) PD 2 (5%) 1 (2%) Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Controlling a robotic arms for applications such as detection and classification moving object using the vision sensor is a trend in the field of industrial robots. In particular, the vision sensor is the "eye" of the robot. To solve this problem, we need an efficient image processing algorithm for object identification to optimize the speed. Our classification principle based on the color of the object to be classified first, then separating contour to classify according to the shape of the object. In addition, our paper also propose a classification method that rarely mentioned in the relevant documents that classify based on object's characteristic. In fact, the product packaging not only has one color, but also includes complex color and patterns. Being able to classify these products shows the practicality of the proposed method. For complex colors and patterns object, the PCASIFT algorithm is useful, where SIFT extracts the local characteristics of the object and PCA reduces the number of dimensionality and retain only the best characteristics for identification. To picking object, a proposed design with the optimal requirements of picking order so that picking time is the shortest to minimize the delay for the next picking. The other outstanding advantage is a system of robotic arm to perform pick-up and sorting. This helps to verify good running algorithms in real time. The items are randomly released and the rotation of items is random. The speed of the conveyor is 5cm/s, an average of more than 2 seconds to pick up an object and robot arm processing precisely at high speed. The experimental results using camera Logitech C270, Yamaha Scara YK-400X robotic arm, LabVolt conveyor and OpenCV library are satisfactory, reliable and applicable.

Increasing auto control systems in the light of today's technological developments, designing unmanned control mechanisms that can meet requirements such as the need for accurate measurement and analysis is the main goal. With the developed software, it was aimed to make time analysis of the athletes with shuttle running in indoor sports halls with the help of a camera and to store these analyses in the computer environment. No solution is available on the current problem. Similarly, there are prospective projects of traffic in the traffic bases and these are based on the work on them. In this thesis study, firstly moving objects in the image are captured, followed by images that match the color filter specified later. As a result of follow-up, the data such as lap times are stored. The end result is that the athlete's data have been successfully measured and stored.

Physicochemical changes and protein denaturation were evaluated for pork longissimus dorsi muscle subjected to different thawing methods. Fresh pork longissimus dorsi muscle served as a control. Microwave (MT), microwave combined with ultrasonic (MUT), microwave combined with 35 °C water immersion (MIT), microwave combined with 4 °C refrigeration (MRT), microwave combined with air convection (MAT), and microwave combined with running water (MWT) were applied. All microwave-based methods excepted for MT avoided localized overheating. The changes in the water holding capacity (WHC), color, TBARS, and protein solubility were lowest with MAT. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic rheological property measurements indicated, that the MAT samples changed only slightly and presented with complete peaks and high G′ values compared with the other treatments. Thus, MAT may reduce protein denaturation associated with meat thawing. The results of this study indicated that MAT effectively shortens thawing time, preserves meat quality and uniformity, and could benefit the meat industry and those who consume its products.

Purpose: To examine the effects of precooling via crushed ice ingestion on cognitive function during exercise in the heat. Methods: Eleven active men ingested either 7 g·kg−1 of crushed ice (ICE) or thermoneutral water (CON) 30 minutes before running 90 minutes on a treadmill at a velocity equivalent to 65% VO2peak in hot and humid conditions (35.0°C [0.5°C], 53.1% [3.9%] relative humidity). Participants completed 3 cognitive tasks to investigate decision making (8-choice reaction time [CRT]), working memory (serial seven [S7]), and executive control (color multisource interference task [cMSIT]) on arrival, after precooling, and after running. Results: Precooling significantly decreased preexercise core (Tcore) and forehead skin temperature in ICE compared with CON, respectively (Tcore 0.8°C [0.4°C], –0.2°C [0.1°C]; Thead –0.5°C [0.4°C], 0.2°C [0.8°C]; P ≤ .05). Postrun, ICE significantly reduced errors compared with CON for CRT (P ≤ .05; d = 0.90; 90% confidence interval, 0.13–1.60) and S7 (P ≤ .05; d = 1.05; 90% confidence interval, 0.26–1.75). Thermal sensation was lower after precooling with ICE (P ≤ .05), but no significant differences were recorded between conditions for cMSIT errors, skin temperature, heart rate, or ratings of perceived exertion or perceived thirst (P > .05). Conclusions: Precooling via ICE maintained cognitive accuracy in decision making and working memory during exercise in the heat. Thus, ICE may have the potential to improve sporting performance by resisting deleterious effects of exercise in a hot and humid environment on cognitive function.

This study was developed to analyze the application effect of cardiac ultrasound (CUS) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. A mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) algorithm was constructed for lung disease detection based on deep learning algorithms, and it was compared with the RetinaNet algorithm for lung disease detection. The results showed that the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and running time of the Mask R-CNN algorithm were statistically greater than those of the RetinaNet algorithm ( P < 0.05 ). A total of 92 cases confirmed with lung diseases by pathology were set as experimental group, including 23 cases of COPD classification for level I, II, III, and IV. In addition, 20 cases of healthy adults were selected as control group. The experimental group was compared with the control group, as the lung function decreased, the right atrium diameter (RAD), right ventricle diameter (RVD), and the right ventricular anterior wall thickness (RVAW) increased, the right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) gradually decreased, and the AWT-RV, the interventricular septal thickness (IVST), and right ventricular end-diastole volume (RVEDV) changed greatly in the lung function classification ( P < 0.01 ). It was concluded that the CUS based on the Mask R-CNN algorithm could show the changes in bronchial lumen volume at all levels and could detect and evaluate the lung function diseases.

In an orchard environment with a complex background and changing light conditions, the banana stalk, fruit, branches, and leaves are very similar in color. The fast and accurate detection and segmentation of a banana stalk are crucial to realize the automatic picking using a banana picking robot. In this paper, a banana stalk segmentation method based on a lightweight multi-feature fusion deep neural network (MFN) is proposed. The proposed network is mainly composed of encoding and decoding networks, in which the sandglass bottleneck design is adopted to alleviate the information a loss in high dimension. In the decoding network, a different sized dilated convolution kernel is used for convolution operation to make the extracted banana stalk features denser. The proposed network is verified by experiments. In the experiments, the detection precision, segmentation accuracy, number of parameters, operation efficiency, and average execution time are used as evaluation metrics, and the proposed network is compared with Resnet_Segnet, Mobilenet_Segnet, and a few other networks. The experimental results show that compared to other networks, the number of network parameters of the proposed network is significantly reduced, the running frame rate is improved, and the average execution time is shortened.

An Interest-based Ordering Scheme (IOS) for fuzzy morphology on White-Blood-Cell (WBC) image segmentation is proposed to improve accuracy of segmentation. The proposed method shows a high accuracy in segmenting both high- and low-density nuclei. Further, its running time is low, so it can be used for real applications. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, 100 WBC images and 10 leukemia images are used, and the experimental results show that the proposed IOS segments a nucleus in WBC images 3.99% more accurately on average than the Lexicographical Ordering Scheme (LOS) does and 5.29% more accurately on average than the combined Fuzzy Clustering and Binary Morphology (FCBM) method does. The proposal method segments a cytoplasm 20.72% more accurately on average than the FCBM method. The WBC image segmentation is a part of WBC classification in an automatic cancer-diagnosis application that is being developed. In addition, the proposed method can be used to segment any images that focus on the important color of an object of interest.

In traditional adaptive-weight stereo matching, the rectangular shaped support region requires excess memory consumption and time. We propose a novel line-based stereo matching algorithm for obtaining a more accurate disparity map with low computation complexity. This algorithm can be divided into two steps: disparity map initialization and disparity map refinement. In the initialization step, a new adaptive-weight model based on the linear support region is put forward for cost aggregation. In this model, the neural network is used to evaluate the spatial proximity, and the mean-shift segmentation method is used to improve the accuracy of color similarity; the Birchfield pixel dissimilarity function and the census transform are adopted to establish the dissimilarity measurement function. Then the initial disparity map is obtained by loopy belief propagation. In the refinement step, the disparity map is optimized by iterative left-right consistency checking method and segmentation voting method. The parameter values involved in this algorithm are determined with many simulation experiments to further improve the matching effect. Simulation results indicate that this new matching method performs well on standard stereo benchmarks and running time of our algorithm is remarkably lower than that of algorithm with rectangle-shaped support region.

In order to improve the working efficiency of robot promptly picking ripe apples, the harvesting robot must have the ability of continuous recognition and operation at night. Nighttime apple image has many dark spaces and shadows with low resolution, and therefore, a Retinex algorithm based on guided filter is presented to enhance nighttime image in this article. According to color feature of image, the illumination component is estimated by using guided filter which can be applied as an edge-preserving smoothing operator. And the reflection component with image itself characteristics is obtained by employing single-scale Retinex algorithm. After gamma correction, these two components of image are synthesized into a new enhanced nighttime apple image. Fifty nighttime images acquired under fluorescent lighting are selected to make experiment. Experimental results show that the image enhancement performance indexes processed by the proposed algorithm, such as average gray value, standard deviation, information entropy, average gradient, and segmentation error are superior to those of histogram equalization algorithms and Retinex algorithm based on bilateral filter. In addition, compared with the Retinex algorithm based on bilateral filter, the proposed algorithm has an average reduction of 74.56% in running time with better real-time and higher efficiency. So it can realize the continuous operation of apple harvesting robot at night.

B-Flow imaging directly displays the flowing intravascular echoes during real-time gray-scale ultrasound without using Doppler techniques. The objective of our study was to evaluate the feasibility of B-Flow imaging in the placenta and to evaluate the artifacts seen on B-Flow imaging. After IRB approval, 36 women (17 normal and 19 high risk women) were enrolled in our study. B-Flow images were acquired on GE LOGIC E9 machine. Retrospective analysis of the B-Flow and cine capture images was performed for artifacts and for vessels visualized. Pregnant women enrolled in the study ranged from 19 to 43 years of age with an average age of 31.7 years. Gestational age varied from 17 weeks and five days to 36 weeks and three days with an average of 26 weeks and three days. From a total of 161 B-Flow images reviewed by one researcher, 15 images were acceptable with no evidence of artifact. The remainder of the images had some artifact in them. For the 36 women with color Doppler and B-Flow images reviewed by the two independent blinded reviewers, a total of 144 reads were obtained. More small horizontal (p = 0.046) and small vertical running vessels (p < 0.001) were identified with B-Flow than color Doppler images. B-Flow is capable of showing perfusion in a human placenta; however, recognizing artifacts and modifying the image acquisition to reduce artifacts is necessary with this new technique to acquire the best images for interpretation.

The aims of this study were to identify and to determine life cycle of marine leech isolated from cultured hybrid grouper “cantik” (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus fx E. polyphekadion m) in the northern Bali waters of Indonesia under laboratory conditions. Observation of the life cycle of the marine leech was done using petri-dishes (9 cm in diameter) arranged into two groups. In group-1, a petri-dish was filled with sterile seawater (with water exchange of 50%-60% every two days) and in group-2, a petri-dish was filled with continuous running water. DNA sequence was aligned with the sequences from GenBank by BLAST program. Results of similarity index with GenBank sequence exhibited that the nucleic acid of the marine leech isolated from the hybrid grouper “cantik” showed high similarity (99%) with Zeylanicobdella arugamensis. One adult leech could produce 1-63 eggs. The eggs were developed into morula, blastula, and gastrula within five days. The early phase of the embryo with daily water exchange treatment started on day-6 and hatched into larvae on day-10. The eggs incubated with continuous running water had hatched faster (eight days). However, not all eggs hatched at the same time. Some of the eggs hatched 1-3 days after the first one. Hatching rate of eggs varied from 2.70% to 100%. The newly hatched Z. arugamensis larva has transparent color and length of 1.0-1.5 mm. On day-6, Z. arugamensis larvae were already seen attaching to the body of the fish. The size of the Z. arugamensis larvae ranged between 3-11 mm on day-9. In that stage, they were able to produce eggs. Therefore, we argue that Z. arugamensis only requires 17 to 22 days to develop into the adult stage.

Abstract. NASA's Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission, scheduled for launch in the timeframe of 2023, will carry a hyperspectral scanning radiometer named the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI) and two multi-angle polarimeters (MAPs): the UMBC Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter (HARP2) and the SRON Spectro-Polarimeter for Planetary EXploration one (SPEXone). The MAP measurements contain rich information on the microphysical properties of aerosols and hydrosols and therefore can be used to retrieve accurate aerosol properties for complex atmosphere and ocean systems. Most polarimetric aerosol retrieval algorithms utilize vector radiative transfer models iteratively in an optimization approach, which leads to high computational costs that limit their usage in the operational processing of large data volumes acquired by the MAP imagers. In this work, we propose a deep neural network (NN) forward model to represent the radiative transfer simulation of coupled atmosphere and ocean systems for applications to the HARP2 instrument and its predecessors. Through the evaluation of synthetic datasets for AirHARP (airborne version of HARP2), the NN model achieves a numerical accuracy smaller than the instrument uncertainties, with a running time of 0.01 s in a single CPU core or 1 ms in a GPU. Using the NN as a forward model, we built an efficient joint aerosol and ocean color retrieval algorithm called FastMAPOL, evolved from the well-validated Multi-Angular Polarimetric Ocean coLor (MAPOL) algorithm. Retrievals of aerosol properties and water-leaving signals were conducted on both the synthetic data and the AirHARP field measurements from the Aerosol Characterization from Polarimeter and Lidar (ACEPOL) campaign in 2017. From the validation with the synthetic data and the collocated High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) aerosol products, we demonstrated that the aerosol microphysical properties and water-leaving signals can be retrieved efficiently and within acceptable error. Comparing to the retrieval speed using a conventional radiative transfer forward model, the computational acceleration is 103 times faster with CPU or 104 times with GPU processors. The FastMAPOL algorithm can be used to operationally process the large volume of polarimetric data acquired by PACE and other future Earth-observing satellite missions with similar capabilities.

AbstractMoringa oleifera leaves are familiar to all, but unknowing that this leaves contain quite a lot of nutrient value which are useful for human body function. This plant’s leaves contain verities of antioxidant which inhabit & fight against free radical to cell of human body for preventing cancer. Moringa leaves need to dry for use through diversified use. Storage and processing quality depend on better dry. The purpose of this research isto identifying and examined performance of different types of dryer to dry Moringa oleiferaleaves. For Moringa dried leaves apply three common type of dryer i.e. sun dryer, multi commodity solar tunnel dryer and oven dryer. This study was conducted to introducing & used of Moringa oleifera leaves as ingredient of functional foods. Through this study the ration of time and moisture loss by several dryer are mentioned. Most of the dryer for temperature range 30°C to 70°C. In MCST dryer found better in color and dried rate as compared others, highest moisture loss in happed in MCST dryer and total removal moisture 75 %. At each dryer 40 g sample was taken. Frequently after 2 hours the dryers were observed and the Moringaleaves (sample 1, 2) were scatteredhomogenously into the baskets or salver. Moistnessreduction datawasnotedaftereach 2 hour breakswhile drying process running. The time and moisture contend will vary for based on the maturity of moringa leaves. In the closing moisture found at the final product was approximately 25 % and total 17.50 g. Optimum amount of moisture content increase shelf life, prevent loss of nutrition and protect form microbial spoilage.

Research has shown that consumers use unsafe food handling practices when preparing poultry, which can increase the risk of foodborne illness such as salmonellosis or campylobacteriosis. Recipes from cookbooks, magazines, and the internet commonly are used as sources for consumers to prepare food in homes and the expectation is that food will be safe when prepared. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), using a thermometer properly is the only way to accurately check for doneness of poultry. The objective of this study was to assess poultry recipes, including recipes for whole birds and poultry parts, to determine if food safety information concerning thermometer use was included within the recipe. Poultry recipes (n = 474) were collected from 217 cookbooks, 28 magazines, 59 websites, and seven blogs. Approximately 33.5% of the recipes contained a specific temperature for doneness, with 73% of those cooked to ≥165 °F/74 °C, as recommended by USDA. Ninety-four percent of recipes used cooking time and about half of the recipes used visual measurements, such as color or juices running clear, to determine doneness. This study showed that most recipes do not contain appropriate information to assure safe cooking of poultry by consumers. Modifying recipes by adding food safety information, such as thermometer use and proper temperatures, could increase the use of proper food preparation behaviors by consumers.

Co-saliency detection, an emerging research area in saliency detection, aims to extract the common saliency from the multi images. The extracted co-saliency map has been utilized in various applications, such as in co-segmentation, co-recognition and so on. With the rapid development of image acquisition technology, the original digital images are becoming more and more clearly. The existing co-saliency detection methods processing these images need enormous computer memory along with high computational complexity. These limitations made it hard to satisfy the demand of real-time user interaction. This paper proposes a fast co-saliency detection method based on the image block partition and sparse feature extraction method (BSFCoS). Firstly, the images are divided into several uniform blocks, and the low-level features are extracted from Lab and RGB color spaces. In order to maintain the characteristics of the original images and reduce the number of feature points as well as possible, Truncated Power for sparse principal components method are employed to extract sparse features. Furthermore, K-Means method is adopted to cluster the extracted sparse features, and calculate the three salient feature weights. Finally, the co-saliency map was acquired from the feature fusion of the saliency map for single image and multi images. The proposed method has been tested and simulated on two benchmark datasets: Co-saliency Pairs and CMU Cornell iCoseg datasets. Compared with the existing co-saliency methods, BSFCoS has a significant running time improvement in multi images processing while ensuring detection results. Lastly, the co-segmentation method based on BSFCoS is also given and has a better co-segmentation performance.

In the fields of auto-control, the requirement for dependability and intelligence of the instrument is often to be considered seriously. Since the capability of the electronic sensor and affect of the ambient temperature, the high dependability and intelligence is a hard aim to be reached. And the error through normal methods to design may be very large. The intelligence is poor. The article introduces the project process of making an Intelligent Electric Mini-car with high dependability and intelligence: which is consisted of SCM (single-chip microcomputer) SPCE061A, multiple kinds of sensors and some modules to support. Base on the SCM SPCE061A, the mini-car can identify different voice, record & play, race intellectually by the order of voice, dodge the barriers automatically and measure the distance accurately while running at different speed by introducing the PWM and the HALL speed sensor. At the same time, it has radar of backing a car, GPS (Global Position System) and the ability to detect alcohol in a motorman. To enhance the function of the mini-car, radiogram, MTV and LED of kinds of color is added, too. With the information displayed on the LCD and the voice register, it is easier to communicate with the mini-car. With the separate of circuit of controlling and electromotor, the stability of the system has improved. It has made good use of power to adopt 3.3V for the switch circuit and high efficiency PWM. Under the control of the voice order, it also can detect the real time and temperature meticulously. The project is adopting intelligent sensor and new SCM, which combined the multiple kinds of new intelligent electronic device, not only to measure the data for the system accurately, but also to communicate with us. At last the actual data of speed and distance is given to prove the feasibility of the project.

The concept of assimilation, whether as outcome or process, conflates elements that are both empirical and ideological, ethnographic and ethnocentric. Conventional wisdom on the adaptation of immigrants in America has conceived of “assimilation” prescriptively and not only descriptively, as a linear process of progressive adjustment to American life. This conception is guided by an implicit deficit model: to get ahead immigrants need to learn how to “become American” and overcome their deficits with respect to the new language and culture, the new economy and society. As they shed the old and acquire the new over time, they surmount those obstacles and make their way more successfully—a homogenizing process more or less completed by the second or third generation. Recent research findings, however, especially in the areas of immigrant health, mental health, ethnic self-identity and education, debunk such ethnocentric assumptions, often running precisely in the opposite direction of what is expected from traditional perspectives. Some empirical examples are highlighted, focusing on paradoxes—on evidence that contradicts orthodox expectations—in order to identify areas that need conceptual, analytical, and theoretical refinement, including the need to spell out precisely and systematically what it is that is being “assimilated,” by whom, under what circumstances, and in reference to what sector of American society. The diversity of contemporary immigrants to the United States, in terms of class, culture, color, and the contexts within which they are received, and their segmented modes of incorporation, raise new questions about assimilation from what? to what? and for what?

Printing cylinder driven by helical gear is the basic requirements of the modern printing press. Helical gear transmission necessarily produces component force in axial. It brings about a small displacement in axial to the cylinder, that is, axial bounce. The axial placement is too small or too large during the printing process, which both will have harmful effects on printed matter. At the same time, the axial playing of the cylinder is one of the important performance standards to determine printing press. The modern high-speed printing press has a higher requirement on mechanic properties and axial bounce. We tested on the cylinders of press and analyzed on the placement of the cylinders in order to effectively master and control the displacement in axial in the case of the printing press running with high-speed. We chose a four-color offset press as the test objects and reasonably selected measurement points on the cylinder shaft end face. We collected vibration signals of the blanket cylinders, impress cylinders and transfer cylinders. Then obtain the placement in axial of the cylinders with quadrature method. Analysis shows that the higher the printing speed, the larger the placement of the same type cylinder in axial is, which shows that the placement of the cylinders in axial has something to do with the printing speed. At the same speed, the blanket cylinder have a larger placement in axial than impress cylinder and transfer cylinder. Which shows that the placement of the cylinders in axial has connection to the cylinder assembly structure. Test data accord well with the actual structure and assembling condition, which can be considered as the theoretical basis to control the placement of cylinder in axial.

This paper proposes an in-line method for the simplified reconstruction of city buildings from nadir and oblique aerial images that at the same time are being used for multi-source texture mapping with minimal resampling. Further, the resulting unrectified texture atlases are analyzed for fac¸ade elements like windows to be reintegrated into the original 3D models. Tests on real-world data of Heligoland/ Germany comprising more than 800 buildings exposed a median positional deviation of 0.31 m at the fac¸ades compared to the cadastral map, a correctness of 67% for the detected windows and good visual quality when being rendered with GPU-based perspective correction. As part of the process building reconstruction takes the oriented input images and transforms them into dense point clouds by semi-global matching (SGM). The point sets undergo local RANSAC-based regression and topology analysis to detect adjacent planar surfaces and determine their semantics. Based on this information the roof, wall and ground surfaces found get intersected and limited in their extension to form a closed 3D building hull. For texture mapping the hull polygons are projected into each possible input bitmap to find suitable color sources regarding the coverage and resolution. Occlusions are detected by ray-casting a full-scale digital surface model (DSM) of the scene and stored in pixel-precise visibility maps. These maps are used to derive overlap statistics and radiometric adjustment coefficients to be applied when the visible image parts for each building polygon are being copied into a compact texture atlas without resampling whenever possible. The atlas bitmap is passed to a commercial object-based image analysis (OBIA) tool running a custom rule set to identify windows on the contained fac¸ade patches. Following multi-resolution segmentation and classification based on brightness and contrast differences potential window objects are evaluated against geometric constraints and conditionally grown, fused and filtered morphologically. The output polygons are vectorized and reintegrated into the previously reconstructed buildings by sparsely ray-tracing their vertices. Finally the enhanced 3D models get stored as textured geometry for visualization and semantically annotated ”LOD-2.5” CityGML objects for GIS applications.

This paper proposes an in-line method for the simplified reconstruction of city buildings from nadir and oblique aerial images that at the same time are being used for multi-source texture mapping with minimal resampling. Further, the resulting unrectified texture atlases are analyzed for fac¸ade elements like windows to be reintegrated into the original 3D models. Tests on real-world data of Heligoland/ Germany comprising more than 800 buildings exposed a median positional deviation of 0.31 m at the fac¸ades compared to the cadastral map, a correctness of 67% for the detected windows and good visual quality when being rendered with GPU-based perspective correction. As part of the process building reconstruction takes the oriented input images and transforms them into dense point clouds by semi-global matching (SGM). The point sets undergo local RANSAC-based regression and topology analysis to detect adjacent planar surfaces and determine their semantics. Based on this information the roof, wall and ground surfaces found get intersected and limited in their extension to form a closed 3D building hull. For texture mapping the hull polygons are projected into each possible input bitmap to find suitable color sources regarding the coverage and resolution. Occlusions are detected by ray-casting a full-scale digital surface model (DSM) of the scene and stored in pixel-precise visibility maps. These maps are used to derive overlap statistics and radiometric adjustment coefficients to be applied when the visible image parts for each building polygon are being copied into a compact texture atlas without resampling whenever possible. The atlas bitmap is passed to a commercial object-based image analysis (OBIA) tool running a custom rule set to identify windows on the contained fac¸ade patches. Following multi-resolution segmentation and classification based on brightness and contrast differences potential window objects are evaluated against geometric constraints and conditionally grown, fused and filtered morphologically. The output polygons are vectorized and reintegrated into the previously reconstructed buildings by sparsely ray-tracing their vertices. Finally the enhanced 3D models get stored as textured geometry for visualization and semantically annotated ”LOD-2.5” CityGML objects for GIS applications.