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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Runoff – Environmental aspects'

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1

Beck, Deborah Aileen. "Effects of Biochar-Amended Soil on the Water Quality of Greenroof Runoff." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/47.

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As the numbers of installed greenroofs continue to grow internationally, designing greenroof growing media to reduce the amount of nutrients in the stormwater runoff is becoming essential. Biochar, a carbon-net-negative soil amendment, has been promoted for its ability to retain nutrients in soils and increase soil fertility. This study evaluated the effect on water quality of greenroof runoff after adding biochar to a typical extensive greenroof soil. Prototype greenroof trays with and without 7% biochar (by weight) were planted with sedum or ryegrass, with barren soil trays for controls. The
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2

Bennett, Anthony Mark. "The development of snowmelt runoff models in the Scottish Highlands." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/12553.

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Detailed snow surveys were carried out in the Allt a Mharcaidh catchment on the western edge of the Cairngorm mountains during the winters of 1985/86,1986/87 and 1988/89. Snowpack data collected included depth, density, areal extent and water equivalent. From these data it was possible to determine seasonal patterns in snowpack behaviour and relate these to the initial snowpack water equivalent volume and timing of the snow accumulation and ablation. Using meteorological and flow data collected in the Mharcaidh by the Institute of Hydrology as part of the SWAP project simple linear regression
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3

Hyde, Michael L. "Urban runoff quality in the River Sowe catchment." Thesis, Coventry University, 2006. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/9c34fa51-7611-4362-844d-30d87ba84205/1.

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There have been no previous studies carried out on the impact of urban runoff in the Coventry City centre area. The culverted nature of the River Sherbourne, and many of its tributaries, makes the investigation of intermittent pollution and rainfall events expensive and impractical, when using traditional spot sample methods. Storm events have been monitored over a period of over 60 months upstream and downstream of the City, using continuous water quality monitors and auto-spot sample methods. The receiving waters of the River Avon had previously suffered annual fish mortalities as a result o
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4

Havens, David Loran. "Assessment of Sediment Runoff from Natural Gas Well Development Sites." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3665/.

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Storm water sediment runoff from disturbed landscapes has the potential to impair aquatic environments. Small construction sites of 1-5 acres in the United States are currently regulated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency to minimize storm water runoff damages to the environment. Gas well construction sites are similar to other construction sites in how the landscape is altered, but are not similarly regulated. This study identified sediment runoff from gas well development sites by collecting it in traps and weirs, and by measuring sediment debris lobes. Sediment primarily c
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5

Habets, Maurice. "Stormwaterbesoedeling in die Lourensrivier-opvanggebied." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1024.

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Thesis (Master Diploma (Civil engineering)--Cape Technikon, Cape Town,1993<br>Stormwater pollution is a major problem in many of the areas where it is present. Due to the changing nature in terms of quality and quantity of stormwater, which has its origin in many different places, it is difficult to control and identify the source of pollution. Some of the pollutants present in stormwater run-off include oxygen-demanding substances, suspended solids, trace metals, toxic organic compounds (eg. chlorinated hydrocarbons), nutrients, refuse, plastics and pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Thi
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6

Yazzie, Kimberly Crystal. "Watershed Response to Climate Change and Fire-Burns in the Upper Umatilla River Basin Using the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3127.

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This study provides an analysis of watershed response to climate change and forest fire impacts, to better understand the hydrologic budget and inform water management decisions for present and future needs. The study site is 2,365 km2, located in the upper Umatilla River Basin (URB) in northeastern Oregon. The Precipitation Runoff Modeling System, a distributed-parameter, physical-process watershed model, was used in this study. Model calibration yielded a Nash Sutcliffe Model Efficiency of 0.73 for both calibration (1995-2010) and validation (2010-2014) of daily streamflow. Ten Global Climat
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7

Budak, Aydin David. "Study of chemical migration from fertilizer in soil water and runoff at the Windward Community College Landscape Training Facility." Thesis, Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/21917.

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Thesis (M. S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1995.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-98).<br>UHM: Has both book and microform.<br>U.S. Geological Survey; project no.03; 14-08-0001-G2015
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8

吳茵茵 and Yan-yan Ng. "The significance of runoff pollution to coastal water quality in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31225019.

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9

Gorski, Jacob J. "Evidence Supporting Treatment Practice Based Delineation of Stormwater Runoff Zones." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1423.

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Particles mobilized by stormwater negatively affect receiving surface waters. Stormwater best management practices (BMPs) can reduce solids along with associated pollutants in runoff but engineers and environmental managers have been long vexed by the problem of choosing the optimal BMP for a given situation. A common BMP process for solids removal is sedimentation. This thesis addresses the question of whether the effectiveness (and thus choice) of a sedimentation device can be estimated (and thus optimized) from the particle size properties of runoff, which, in turn, could be associated with
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10

MacDonald, Tim. "The effects of excessive liquid hog manure applications on phosphorus concentrations in soil and surface runoff from corn and forage crops." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0033/MQ64398.pdf.

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11

Wilson, Laura R. "Evaluation of a Constructed Dry Swale for Treatment of Stormwater Runoff." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/WilsonLR2004.pdf.

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12

Dabrowski, James Michael. "Prediction and ecotoxicological effects of runoff induced pesticide contamination in agricultural surface waters : a risk assessment using GIS and microcosms." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52409.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Runoff is generally regarded as one of the most important routes of nonpoint source pesticide pollution in agricultural surface waters. Of major concern is the fact that low, sub-lethal levels of pesticide exposure are responsible for negative ecotoxicological effects, stressing the need for methods capable of identifying problem areas where populations could be at risk. Predicted average losses of three pesticides in tributaries of nine sub-catchments of the Lourens River were calculated through use of a GIS-based runoff
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13

Stipinovich, Amalia. "Change in land cover and water abstraction : modelling runoff effects in the Bot River Catchment." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1654.

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14

Redfearn, Howard Daniel. "Rainfall-runoff changes due to urbanization: a comparison of different spatial resolutions for lumped surface water hydrology models using HEC-HMS." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4939/.

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Hydrologic models were used to examine the effects of land cover change on the flow regime of a watershed located in North-Central Texas. Additionally, the effect of spatial resolution was examined by conducting the simulations using sub-watersheds of different sizes to account for the watershed. Using the Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS), two different modeling methods were evaluated at the different sub-watershed resolutions for four rainfall events. Calibration results indicate using the smaller spatial resolutions improves the mode
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15

Gottfried, Gerald J. "Effects of patch clearcutting on water yield improvement and on timber production in an Arizona mixed conifer watershed." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://ezproxy.library.arizona.edu/login?url=.

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16

Yee, Lai-wan, and 余麗容. "The efficiency of the charging system for industrial wastewater management in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30101062.

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17

Wachal, David J. "Characterizing Storm Water Runoff from Natural Gas Well Sites in Denton County, Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc11064/.

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In order to better understand runoff characteristics from natural gas well sites in north central Texas, the City of Denton, with assistance through an EPA funded 104b3 Water Quality Cooperative Agreement, monitored storm water runoff from local natural gas well sites. Storm water runoff was found to contain high concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS). Observed TSS concentrations resulted in sediment loading rates that are similar to those observed from typical construction activities. Petroleum hydrocarbons, in contrast, were rarely detected in runoff samples. Heavy metals were detect
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18

Duncan, Phillip Brent. "Modeling of Land Use Change Effects on Storm Water Quantity and Quality in the City of Carrollton and the North Texas Area." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4368/.

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Development and population are rapidly increasing in urbanizing areas of North Texas and so is the need to understand changes in storm water runoff flow and its contamination by nutrients, sediment, pesticides and other toxicants. This study contributes to this understanding and has two primary components: first, development of a graphical user interface for a geographic information system and storm water management database, and second, performing a two-scale hydrological modeling approach (the US Corp of Engineers HEC-HMS model and the US Environmental Protection Agency SWMM model). Both pri
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19

Morton, Michael Gerard 1957. "Comparison of Risk Assessment-Predicted Ecologically Safe Concentrations of Azinphos-Methyl and Fenvalerate to Observed Effects on Estuarine Organisms in a South Carolina Tidal Stream Receiving Agricultural Runoff." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277745/.

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A prospective ecological risk assessment method was developed evaluating the cumulative probabilistic impact of chemical stressors to aquatic organisms. This method was developed in response to the need to evaluate the magnitude, duration and episodic nature of chemical stressors on aquatic communities under environmental exposure scenarios. The method generates a probabilistic expression of the percent of an ecosystem's species at risk from a designated chemical exposure scenario.
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20

Hoy, Raymond S. "The Impact of Fine Sediment on Stream Macroinvertebrates in Urban and Rural Oregon Streams." PDXScholar, 2001. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1678.

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Urbanization, often characterized by high impervious surface area, can result in excessive inputs of fine sediments into urban streams. Excessive fine sediments can blanket the stream bed filling the interstitial space in the substratum, which may have adverse effects on stream biota. A field survey was conducted in Oregon urban and non-urban basins to investigate the relationship between fine sediments and stream macroinvertebrates. Physical, chemical, and biological data were collected from 59 stream sites in two urban and two rural streams. The stream sites fulfilled a continuous sediment g
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21

French, Rachel. "Modelling urban runoff : volume and pollutant concentration of the Barker Inlet Wetland Catchment." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09ensf875.pdf.

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Bibliography :leaves 158-171. A monitoring program, funded by the South Australian government (through the former MFP Development Corporation), was established to monitor the quality and quantity of storm water entering and leaving the wetland. This study formed part of the funded program. Simple regression models were developed; and will assist in the monitoring of performance of the wetland to alleviate the pollutant load into the Barker Inlet.
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22

McGrath, Gavan. "An exploration of the rainfall controls on pesticide transport via fast flow pathways." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0137.

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[Truncated abstract] Pesticides are often transported to streams and/or groundwater as a result of the occurrence of rainfall events which trigger surface runoff or rapid preferential flow through the unsaturated zone. Much of the theory of solute transport has been derived assuming steady state or slowly varying upper boundary conditions and continuous, averaged process descriptions. However, a review of pesticide dynamics reveals that pesticides are episodically transported, predominantly through discrete flow pathways and this transport is often initiated as a near surface process, driven b
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23

Barnes, J. M. (Johanna Maria). "The impact of water pollution from formal and informal urban developments along the Plankenbrug River on water quality and health risk / J.M. Barnes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53646.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Plankenbrug River runs past the dense settlement of Kayamandi, on the outskirts of Stellenbosch. This site was chosen to study the impact of water pollution from formal and informal urban developments on water quality and associated health factors. Aims of the study: (1) To determine some basic epidemiological characteristics of the exposed population of Kayamandi, their sanitation problems and reasons for poor hygiene; (2) To determine the microbiological and chemical pollution load patterns in the Plankenbrug River
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24

Strong, Patrick. "Efficiency of Nitrate and Phosphorus Removal in a Working Rain Garden." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804969/.

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Rain gardens are low impact developments designed to mitigate a suite of issues associated with urban stormwater runoff. The site for this study was a Denton City rain garden at the Denton Waste Water Treatment Plant. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal was examined in light of two overflow events comprised of partially treated wastewater from an upslope anaerobic digester pond. Nitrate removal efficiency was examined across differing dry spell intervals of 5, 8, and 12 d, displaying a moderate negative correlation (r2 = 0.59). Continued phosphorus removal capacity was assessed, showing phosphorus
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25

Vo, Le Phu. "Urban stormwater management in Vietnam." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envl595.pdf.

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26

Shrestha, Manjul. "Exceedance Frequency Analysis of Urban Stormwater Quality and Its Relation to Land Use Change, Denton, Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804924/.

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Urbanization causes various environmental issues including water pollution, air pollution, and solid waste. Urbanization of watersheds has a profound influence on the quality of stormwater runoff. The quality of stormwater runoff is highly associated with land use. This study analyzed the exceedance frequency of stormwater quality in five watersheds of Denton over eleven years and also analyzed the relationship between stormwater quality and land use/cover of each watershed. The results showed that the most of the water quality parameters that were examined in the Lower Pecan watershed exceede
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27

Miller, Peter Scott 1960. "PERFORMANCE OF DRAINAGE CHANNELS IN PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276476.

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An analysis of drainage channel stability in urbanizing watersheds was completed in this study for areas in Pima County, Arizona. Existing channel geometry and longitudinal slope were compared to original design channel geometry and longitudinal slope. Original design channels existed in undeveloped watersheds. Information on current amounts and types of development were gathered for each channel location as well as current channel geometry and longitudinal slope. The analysis of these data showed a significant relationship between basin urbanization and reduced channel stability.
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28

Chen, Liping. "Soil Characteristics Estimation and Its Application in Water Balance Dynamics." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9789/.

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This thesis is a contribution to the work of the Texas Environmental Observatory (TEO), which provides environmental information from the Greenbelt Corridor (GBC) of the Elm Fork of the Trinity River. The motivation of this research is to analyze the short-term water dynamic of soil in response to the substantial rainfall events that occurred in North Texas in 2007. Data collected during that year by a TEO soil and weather station located at the GBC includes precipitation, and soil moisture levels at various depths. In addition to these field measurements there is soil texture data obtained fr
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29

Fikart, Alena. "A comparative assessment of stormwater runoff from a coastal and interior log yard." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12464.

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Stormwater runoff from log yards in different BC regions can affect aquatic habitats to varying degrees given differences in weather, water quality and tree species. The objective of this thesis was to compare runoff quality and total runoff loadings from a coastal and interior log yard. Chemical analyses, toxicity tests and treatments were conducted. Data were compared to criteria, statistically compared between sites and assessed for seasonal trends. Export coefficients (ECs) were compared between sites. Relationships between toxicological and chemical variables were explored statistic
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30

Huang, Hsiao-Wen. "The assessment of copper and zinc removal from highway stormwater runoff using Apatite II™." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30386.

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Copper and zinc are heavy metals commonly present in highway stormwater runoff. Discharge of these metals to surface waters inhabited by sensitive aquatic species including threatened and endangered salmonids has necessitated the need for improved treatment techniques. Although copper is of the greater toxicological concern, zinc is often present at concentrations several times higher than copper and may compete with copper during adsorptive treatment processes. In the current study, the ability biogenic fish-bone based alternative adsorbent, Apatite II™, for copper and zinc removal from synth
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31

Dougherty, Warwick John. "The mobilisation of soil phosphorus in surface runoff from intensively managed pastures in South-East Australia." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37852.

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The application of substantial quantities of phosphorus (P) has been required to increase productivity on many Australian soils. Unfortunately, these applications have often resulted in increased concentrations of P in surface runoff that contributes to excessive algal growth in surface waters and consequently a decline in their quality. The concentrations of P in runoff from intensively managed pastures are often high (1-5 mg/L) and typically at least an order of magnitude higher than water quality targets. Although a substantial amount of research has been devoted to the problem of P accumul
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32

Osborn, Erik C. J. "Constructed wetland treatment of fecal coliform in dairy pasture runoff." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33878.

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A constructed wetland receiving pasture runoff from a dairy in Tillamook, OR was monitored during the winter of 1997-98 in order to estimate coliform treatment efficiency during winter high flow periods. Monitoring occurred during four sampling periods, each lasting 2 to 4 days. Samples were taken every two hours from the inlet and outlet of each of two parallel wetland cells and analyzed for fecal coliform using the standard membrane filtration technique. Flow into the wetland cells was measured using a chart recorder. Dye tests were conducted for each cell during each sampling period in orde
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33

Diedericks, Gerhardus Johannes. "The influence of run-off from road networks on aquatic macro-invertebrates in Mamatole commercial tree plantation (Komatiland Forests), Upper Letsitele Catchment, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6305.

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M.Sc.<br>The purpose of this study was to determine whether unpaved roads in commercial forests have a detrimental impact on aquatic macro-invertebrates in the receiving rivers associated with these roads. The upper section of the headwaters of the Motlhaka-Semeetse River was chosen as the Study Area because a portion is situated in the Wolkberg Wilderness area (natural area with no roads) and a portion in a commercial forestry plantation (high road network density). Stream conditions based on a rapid bio-assessment of aquatic macro-invertebrates using SASS5 were then compared between the two
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34

Karvonen, Andrew Paul. "Botanizing the asphalt : politics of urban drainage." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/17906.

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Modern cities are often perceived as the antithesis of nature; the built environment is understood as the transformation of raw and untamed nature into a rationalized human landscape. However, a variety of scholars since the nineteenth century have noted the persistence of nature in cities, not only in providing essential services but also resisting human control. Most recently, urban geographers and environmental historians have argued that processes of urbanization do not entail the replacement of natural with artificial environments, but are more accurately understood as a reconfiguration o
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35

Seutloali, Khoboso. "The effects of unpaved access roads on runoff and associated water quality within the Seele Estate, New Hanover, South Africa." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8521.

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Unpaved forestry roads can significantly affect surface runoff and sediment production, with consequential impacts for stream water quality. The potential impact of road runoff on stream water quality is mitigated by the redistribution of runoff into the forest compartments through road drains. The objective of this study was to assess runoff and the associated nutrient loads from unpaved forest access roads, and to evaluate the effectiveness of road runoff redistribution onto the forest compartments. Unpaved road segments in Mondi Forest Plantation in Seele Estate, New Hanover, South Africa w
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Wang, Siyan. "Advancing Understanding of Green Infrastructure Performance Through Field Measurements and Modeling." Thesis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-5xkg-1854.

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Urbanization has posed great challenges for environmental sustainability, human health, and wellbeing. One of these challenges is stormwater management stemming from widespread imperviousness in urban areas. For many cities, including New York City, stormwater management issues are being exacerbated by the impacts of climate change, which is increasing the frequency and intensity of wet weather flows in multiple regions of the world. In New York City, stormwater runoff is collected with wastewater sewage in a combined sewer system (CSS) that dates back to over a century ago. At the tim
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37

Li, Wen. "Mechanisms for phosphorus elimination in constructed wetlands: a pilot study for the treatment of agricultural drainage water from dairy farms at the Lower River Murray, South Australia / Li Wen." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21868.

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Includes list of publications issued during the candidature.<br>Bibliography: leaves 176-197.<br>iii, ix, 197, [22] leaves : ill., maps ; 30 cm.<br>Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.<br>Phosphorus retention was measured in five pilot-scaled constructed wetlands with different configurations in terms of macrophyte species and substrates in order to evaluate the phosphorus removal efficiency of water plants and substrates in experimental ponds; assess the contribution of macrophytes to phosphorus removal through dir
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