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Rosmalia, A., N. A. Dewi, I. G. Permana, and Despal. "Reformulation of Dairy Cattle Concentrate Based on Rumen Degradable Protein to Undegradable Protein Ratio at Different Energy Levels: In Vitro Study." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1020, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1020/1/012008.
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Abstract Asynchronous releasing rumen degradable protein (RDP) and energy reduces rumen microbial protein synthesis (MPS) and increases excess nutrients to the environment. Moreover, the ratio of RDP to rumen undegradable protein (RUP) was also important in improving the utilization of protein, especially for high-producing cows. However, the issue has not been a concern of most dairy concentrate manufacturers in tropical areas. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal ratio of RDP to RUP (RDUP) at different energy levels (TDN) of dairy cattle concentrate using in vitro method. The study used a 4 × 3 factorial randomized block design. The first factor was RDUP (1.50; 1.22; 1.00; 0.82) and the second factor was TDN levels (65%; 70%; 75%). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by Duncan’s test. RDUP and TDN treatments affected NH3 concentration without interaction. Total VFA concentration, rumen bacteria, and protozoa population did not affect by the treatments. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility increased with increasing RDUP and TDN levels with an average of 71.58% and 70.67%, respectively. It is concluded that dairy concentrate based on RDP:RUP ratio at 1.50 (60:40) and 75% TDN improves fermentability and in vitro digestibility.
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Fauzyah, Ainin, Panjono Panjono, Ali Agus, I. Gede Suparta Budisatria, and Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto. "THE EFFECT OF RUMEN UNDEGRADABLE PROTEIN LEVEL OF CONCENTRATE WITH RICE STRAW AS BASAL DIET ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF SUMBA ONGOLE BEEF CATTLE." Buletin Peternakan 41, no. 2 (May 30, 2017): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v41i2.11990.
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This research was conducted to determine growth performance of SO beef catlle fed rice straw added with concentrate with different levels of RUP, RUP used was soybean meal protected with 0.8% formaldehyde. Thirty six SO bull were divided into two groups at random, group that fed low and high RUP. Feed in the form of rice straw and concentrate with a ratio of 30:70 in dry matter (DM). Cattle fed low RUP get concentrate containing DM 91.22%, crude protein (CP) 19.38%, RUP 33.05%, and TDN 51.71%, whereas cattle fed high RUP get a concentrate with DM 91.13%, CP 19.40%, RUP 41.13%, and TDN 51.57%. Water was given unlimited. The nutrient intake and growth performance parameters analyzed using independent sample t-test, average daily gain was analyzed by ANCOVA with initial body weight as covariates. Intake RDP and RUP had significant effect (P<0.05) between cattle fed low and high RUP. Nutrient intake (DM, CP, TDN) and growth performance (average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion, feed cost per gain) showed not significant between cattle fed low and high RUP. The conclusion were the increased of RUP levels could improved growth performance of SO beff cattle.
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Putri, Ezi Masdia, Mardiati Zain, Lili Warly, and Hermon Hermon. "In vitro evaluation of ruminant feed from West Sumatera based on chemical composition and content of rumen degradable and rumen undegradable proteins." Veterinary World 12, no. 9 (September 2019): 1478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1478-1483.
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Aim: This research aimed to discover the chemical composition, as well as the content of the degradable and undegradable protein of the ruminant feed commonly used as cattle feed by Indonesian farmers. Materials and Methods: In this study, Pennisetum purpureum, Leucaena leucocephala, Indigofera zollingeriana, Gliricidia sepium, cassava, maize, palm kernel cake, and rice bran were used as feed. Chemical composition was determined by proximate and Van Soest analyses performed in triplicate. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility, as well as the rumen degradable proteins (RDP) and rumen undegradable proteins (RUP) contents, were determined in vitro using the Tilley and Terry method. Results: The results showed that more proteins can be obtained from legumes than from grass or concentrates. The highest protein amount was obtained from I. zollingerian (31.22%), while the lowest protein amount was obtained from cassava (3.59%). Dry matter digestibility ranged from 18.53% (rice bran) to 49.21% (G. sepium). Organic matter digestibility ranged from 35.71% (cassava) to 59.57% (I. zollingerian). Rice bran had the highest RDP from concentrate (73.26%), whereas I. zollingerian had the highest RDP from forage (74.72%). The highest RUP from concentrate was obtained from palm kernel cake (61.01%), and the highest RUP from forage was obtained from L. leucocephala (49.23%). Conclusion: The preparation of ruminant livestock rations must be based on RDP and RUP to meet the needs of both the rumen microbes and host animals. Information regarding the RDP and RUP of feeds is still limited, making this study useful in the preparation of ruminant livestock rations based on RDP and RUP ratios. Keywords: chemical compositions, rumen degradable proteins, rumen undegradable proteins, ruminant, tropical feedstuff.
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Manoukian, Marley, Timothy DelCurto, Janessa Kluth, Tanner Carlisle, Noah Davis, Makae Nack, Samuel Wyffels, Abe Scheaffer, and Megan Van Emon. "Impacts of Rumen Degradable or Undegradable Protein Supplementation with or without Salt on Nutrient Digestion, and VFA Concentrations." Animals 11, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 3011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11113011.
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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of differences in protein type and delivery method on rumen dynamics and nutrient digestion. Cows were allotted to rumen degradable protein (RDP) or rumen undegradable protein (RUP) and self-fed (SF) salt-limited pressed blocks or hand-fed (HF) loose supplement, resulting in four dietary treatments. There was a delivery effect (p = 0.04) on neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake, as the SF animals consumed more NDF than HF animals. The RDP-SF animals had greater NDF digestibility (p = 0.04) and water intake (p = 0.03) than the three other treatments. Supplement intake displayed a protein type effect (p = 0.03), as RDP-supplemented animals consumed more supplement on a g·kg body weight (BW)−1 d−1 basis than RUP animals. There was an effect of protein type (p = 0.02) and delivery method (p = 0.03) on fluid flow rate, with RUP and HF cows having greater liquid flow rates. Ruminal pH was lower (p < 0.01) in RDP-HF cows than RDP-SF cows at all hours, except 4-h post-feeding. RDP-SF animals had the greatest (p < 0.01) concentrations of ruminal ammonia. Valerate ruminal concentrations were greater (p = 0.04) in RDP supplemented animals compared to RUP supplemented animals. In conclusion, self-fed supplements containing RDP may enhance the use of low-quality forages and increase ruminal ammonia concentrations.
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Pfau, Alison P., Kendall L. Samuelson, Madison T. Henniger, Kristin E. Hales, Amanda Lindholm-Perry, and Phillip R. Myer. "18 Effects of Protein Concentration, Degradability, and Beta-adrenergic Agonists on Ruminal Microbial Communities in Finishing Heifers." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_1 (March 8, 2022): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac028.035.
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Abstract To improve animal performance and modify growth by increasing lean tissue accretion, beef cattle production has relied on use of growth promoting technologies such as beta-adrenergic agonists. These synthetic catecholamines, combined with the variable inclusion of rumen degradable (RDP) and undegradable protein (RUP), may improve feed efficiency and rate of gain in finishing beef cattle. However, the impact of beta-adrenergic agonists and protein level and source on the ruminal microbiome is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different protein concentrations and beta-adrenergic agonist (ractopamine hydrochloride; RAC) on ruminal bacterial communities in finishing beef heifers. Heifers (n = 140) were ranked according to body weight and assigned to pens in a randomized complete design to 6 different treatments, containing 3 protein treatments (Control: 13.9% CP, 8.8% RDP, and 5.0% RUP; High RDP: 20.9% CP, 13.4% RDP, 6.1% RUP; or High RUP: 20.9% CP, 9.1% RDP, 10.4% RUP) and 2 RAC treatments (0 and 400 mg/day). Rumen samples were collected from heifers by oral lavage 7 days before harvest. The DNA from the samples were sequenced to identify bacteria based on the V1-V3 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq. Sequences and data from the treatments were analyzed using the R environment and PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst.; Cary, NC). Beta diversity was analyzed using PERMANOVA based on PCoA Bray-Curtis distances and were significant among the treatments (P < 0.05). Alpha diversity metrics such as Chao1 and Shannon diversity indices were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Differences among treatments at variable taxonomic levels after analyses through DESeq2 were significantly different for the main effects of protein and RAC, as well as their interaction (P < 0.05). These results suggest possible effects on the microbial communities, potentially acting synergistically to improve performance.
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Khan, N. A., Q. Peng, H. Xin, and P. Yu. "Vibrational spectroscopic investigation of heat-induced changes in functional groups related to protein structural conformation in camelina seeds and their relationship to digestion in dairy cows." Animal Production Science 55, no. 2 (2015): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14400.
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The objective of this study was to use Fourier transform/infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FT/IR-ATR) molecular spectroscopy to quantify the heat-induced changes in feed protein molecular structures in relation to protein digestion in dairy cows. Camelina seeds were evaluated in this study as a model for feed protein. The seeds were either heated in air-draft oven (dry heating) or in autoclave (moist heating) at 120°C for 60 min or kept as raw (control). The parameters evaluated were Cornell net protein and carbohydrate system (CNCPS) subfractions, in situ ruminal degradation kinetics, intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein (RUP) and protein molecular structures. Moist heating decreased (P < 0.05) the content of total rumen degradable (RDP) crude protein (CP) subfractions and increased the content of total RUP subfractions compared with raw seeds, indicating a significant shift at the site of protein digestion from rumen to post-ruminal tract. The decrease in RDP was mainly related to the marked decrease in rapidly solubilised (PA) and degradable (PB1) fractions, whereas the moderately degradable (PB2) and slowly degradable (PB3) fractions increased, suggesting a decrease in degradation rate of RDP. The in situ rumen incubation study revealed that moist heating decreased (P < 0.05) RDP and increased (P < 0.05) RUP and its intestinal digestibility. The molecular spectroscopy study revealed that moist heating altered protein molecular structures. Except PA and lag time, dry heating did not significantly alter any of the CNCPS CP subfraction, in situ ruminal CP degradation parameters, intestinal digestibility of RUP, and protein molecular structures. The correlation analysis showed that the heat-induced changes in protein secondary structures, α-helix-to-β-sheet ratio, were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with the contents PA (r = 0.90), PB1 (r = 0.89), RDP (r = 0.72) and intestinal digestibility (r = 0.91) of RUP, and negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with PB2 (r = –0.90), PB3 (r = –0.85) and RUP (–0.87). These results showed that compared with dry heating, moist heating significantly changed protein subfractions, rumen degradability and intestinal digestibility, and these changes were strongly associated with changes in protein molecular structures.
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Plaizier, J. C., T. Garner, T. Droppo, and T. Whiting. "Nutritional practices on Manitoba dairy farms." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a03-115.
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A survey was conducted on 40 randomly selected dairy farms across Manitoba to document nutritional practices and diet compositions, and study relationships between diet composition and milk production. Samples from all feeds, diets, and the bulk milk tank were collected and analyzed. Inclusion rates of feed ingredients were recorded. Production data were obtained from Western Canada Dairy Herd Improvement Services (WCDHIS). Component feeding and total mixed ration (TMR) feeding were used in 37.5 and 62.5% of herds, respectively. Only 24% of TMR-fed herds used two or more TMR. The medians of dietary contents of crude protein (CP), rumen degradable protein (RDP), rumen undegradable protein (RUP), and neutral detergent fibre (NDF), and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) were 18.3% dry matter (DM), 12.2% DM, 5.7% DM, 34.8% DM, and 15.6 mg dL-1, respectively. On average, diets contained 6.2% more net energy for lactation (NEl), 35.9% more RDP, 15.8% less RUP, 74.6% more calcium (Ca), 51.9% more phosphorous (P), 44.9% more potassium (K), 116.1% more magnesium (Mg), and 4.2% more sodium (Na) than the estimated requirements based on the average milk production and estimated DM intake of the cows on each farm. In 25% of TMR-fed herds, TMR was coarser than recommended. Milk yield, and milk fat percentage were affected by breed, but were not affected by feeding practice (TMR or component feeding), diet composition, and physically effective NDF (peNDF) determined as the percent age of feed particles retained by the 8- and 19-mm screens of the Penn State Particle Separator multiplied by dietary NDF. Milk protein percentage was positively correlated to RUP. MUN was positively correlated to RDP, RUP, NDF, and days in milk (DIM). Reductions in dietary CP, RDP, Ca, P, Mg, and K could reduce nutrient excretions to the environment without reducing milk production and health. Increasing dietary RUP content could improve milk production on Manitoba dairy farms. Key words: Dairy cattle, milk production, protein, fibre, minerals, particle size.
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Carlson, Zachary E., Kylie Butterfield, Levi J. McPhillips, Galen E. Erickson, and James C. MacDonald. "157 Effects of Monensin and Protein Type on Performance of Yearling Steers Grazing Smooth Brome." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.203.
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Abstract A two-yr study was conducted to evaluate the effects of monensin on sparing ruminal degradable protein in yearling steers grazing smooth bromegrass pastures (n = 288, initial BW = 332 kg, SD = 7). Treatment design was a 2 x 3 factorial with the following factors: 1) 0 or 200 mg monensin/steer daily; 2) no protein supplement, 1.25 kg soybean meal (SBM) as a source of RDP, or 1.31 kg non-enzymatically browned SBM as a source of RUP. Steers receiving supplemental protein were provided isonitrogenous amounts equivalent to dried distillers grains plus solubles at 0.50% BW. Steers were weighed approximately every 34 d to adjusted the amount of protein supplement. There was no interaction (P > 0.41) of monensin by protein type for average daily gain (ADG). Rate of gain for steers supplemented monensin was not different (P = 0.26) from steers not supplemented monensin. However, monensin supplemented steers numerically gained 7.9% more than steers not provided monensin when no supplemental protein was provided. Compared to steers supplemented with no protein, supplementing RDP increased ADG by 0.19 kg/steer (P < 0.001). Likewise, RUP supplementation increased ADG by 0.24 kg/steer (P < 0.001) compared to steers supplemented no protein. Supplementing RUP increased ADG by 0.05 kg/steer (P < 0.001) compared to steers supplemented RDP. Supplementing protein, especially rumen undegradable protein, improved yearling steer rate of gain on smooth bromegrass pastures. Monensin supplementation did not improve rate of gain. These data do not support the protein-sparing effects of monensin for steers supplemented with RDP.
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Hoppe, Thorsten, Michael Rape, and Stefan Jentsch. "Membrane-bound transcription factors: regulated release by RIP or RUP." Current Opinion in Cell Biology 13, no. 3 (June 2001): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-0674(00)00218-0.
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Ohashi, Kenji, Hiroyuki Takeda, Kazuhide Koike, and Osamu Ishitani. "Synthesis and strong photooxidation power of a supramolecular hybrid comprising a polyoxometalate and Ru(ii) polypyridyl complex with zinc(ii)." Faraday Discussions 185 (2015): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00080g.
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A novel method for constructing supramolecular hybrids composed of polyoxometalates and photofunctional metal complexes was developed. A Ru(ii) complex with phosphonate groups (RuP) strongly interacted with Zn(ii) to afford a 2 : 1 trinuclear metal complex ([(RuP)2Zn]3+). In dimethylsulfoxide, [(RuP)2Zn]3+ strongly interacted with a Keggin-type heteropolyoxometalate (Si-WPOM) to form a 1 : 1 hybrid ([(RuP)2Zn]-POM). Irradiation of [(RuP)2Zn]-POM in the presence of diethanolamine caused rapid accumulation of the one-electron reduced hybrid with a quantum yield of 0.99.
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Tremblay, G. F., G. Bélanger, K. B. McRae, and R. Michaud. "Leaf and stem dry matter digestibility and ruminal undegradable proteins of alfalfa cultivars." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 82, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-122.
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Increased dry matter digestibility and ruminal undegradable protein (RUP) concentration are traits highly ranked to improve the nutritive value of forage legumes. Whole-plant, leaf, and stem samples of 27 alfalfa cultivars grown in eastern Canada were analysed for total nitrogen (TN), in vitro RUP, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). The objectives were to determine if significant variation exists among these cultivars, and to establish the relationship between nutritive value parameters of leaves and stems, and those of whole plants. Cultivars were seeded in triplicate on 2 consecutive years and evaluated during the 2 subsequent production years with two harvests per year. There were significant differences among cultivars in IVDMD of stems and plants in spring growth and summer regrowth. Cultivar differences in leaf IVDMD were significant only in spring growth, but this variation was negligible in practical terms. Cultivars with high forage IVDMD also had high stem IVDMD and this relationship was stronger in summer regrowth. Alfalfa plant IVDMD is a function of stem digestibility and the leaf weight ratio (LWR). Cultivar differences were significant for plant TN in spring growth and summer regrowth, and for stem TN in spring growth only. Leaf (270 to 306 g kg-1 TN) and stem (242 to 287 g kg-1 TN) RUP concentrations varied among cultivars in spring growth. Cultivars with high stem RUP also had high leaf RUP concentration but differences in plant RUP were not always attributed to leaf and stem RUP. The RUP concentration was on average 10% higher in leaves than in stems in spring growth, and this difference reached 15% in summer regrowth. The LWR varied among cultivars in spring growth and summer regrowth, and it was positively related to plant RUP in spring growth. Improved whole-plant RUP concentration is unlikely to be achieved by simply selecting for high RUP in leaves or stems; LWR has a principal role in determining alfalfa plant RUP concentration. Key words: Dry matter digestibility, ruminal undegradable proteins, alfalfa, genetic variation, stems, leaves
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Guida, Pier Luigi. "Il Rup Project Manager." PROJECT MANAGER (IL), no. 29 (February 2017): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pm2017-029004.
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Mastrofini, Enrico, and Franco Stolfi. "Rup project manager.. omissis?" PROJECT MANAGER (IL), no. 41 (February 2020): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pm2020-041003.
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Wiseman, Aksel, Zachary Carslon, Levi McPhillips, Scott Tilton, Andrea K. Watson, and Galen E. Erickson. "248 Evaluation of RUP Content of NexPro Dried Distillers Grains plus Solubles in Corn Silage Based Growing Calf Diets." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.238.
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Abstract An 85 d growing study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing NexPro, a high-protein dried distillers grains plus solubles from the FluidQuip MSC post-fermentation separation process, in a corn-silage based diet and to determine the RUP content of NexPro and performance of growing cattle fed this feedstuff. Crossbred steers (n = 120, initial BW = 250 ± 24kg) were individually fed using the Calan gate system and assigned randomly to treatment. Treatments were arranged as a 3×4 + 1 factorial with test protein type (Soybean meal [SBM]; non-enzymatically browned soybean meal [SoyPass]; high-protein DDGS [NexPro]) and supplemental protein concentration (4.5, 9.0, 13.5, or 18.0% diet DM) as factors. Crude protein content of NexPro, SoyPass and SBM were 51.4, 48.8, and 52.4%, respectively. All treatments were compared to a control with 0.0% inclusion of test protein and a corn-based, urea-containing RDP supplement. Diets contained 80% corn silage with test protein replacing RDP supplement as inclusion increased. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure as a completely randomized design with individual animal as experimental unit. By design, RUP intake increased linearly (P < 0.01) across all treatments. Ending BW responded linearly (P < 0.01) for all treatments. Steers fed SoyPass or NexPro had no change (P > 0.18) in DMI, while SBM had a tendency for a quadratic increase (P = 0.07). Gains increased linearly (P < 0.01) for SoyPass and increased quadratically (P = 0.01) for SBM and NexPro. This resulted in linear increases (P < 0.01) in feed efficiency with increasing inclusions of test proteins. In situ mobile bag technique was used to determine RUP content of the supplemental proteins. The RUP content as a % of CP for NexPro, SoyPass and SBM were 50, 74, and 22%, respectively. Feeding DDGS from the FluidQuip process improved calf performance by increasing DMI, ADG, and efficiency in growing diets.
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Tia, Tuti, Ilyas Nuryasin, and Maskur Maskur. "Model Simulasi Rational Unified Process (RUP) Pada Pegembagan Perangkat Lunak." Jurnal Repositor 2, no. 4 (March 5, 2020): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/repositor.v2i4.390.
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Abstract Pada pengembangan perangkat lunak terdapat beberapa jenis metodologi yang dapat digunakan, salah satunya adalah Rational Unified Process (RUP). RUP merupakan salah satu jenis proses pengembangan perangkat lunak yang digunakan di berbagai perusahaan perangkat lunak. Terdapat berbagai jenis proyek pada pengembangan perangkat lunak RUP, yaitu proyek yang dibangun dari awal dan memiliki skala kecil, proyek yang memiliki skala besar dan proyek pengembangan dari sistem yang sudah dibangun sebelumnya. Setiap jenis proyek memiliki kebutuhan yang berbeda, terutama dalam penggunaan setiap peran. Pada RUP terdapat beberapa peran penting yang tidak dapat dilakukan oleh satu individu karena harus bekerja pada saat bersamaan. Pada dasarnya tujuan dari RUP adalah dapat menghasilkan perangkat lunak yang berkualitas tinggi. Hal tersebut tidak dapat tercapai apabila penggunaan peran yang kurang tepat. Penelitian ini mengusulkan jumlah peran yang dibutuhkan untuk pengembangan perangkat lunak menggunakan RUP dengan membuat model simulasi. Tujuan dari pembuatan model simulasi ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran yang sesuai berdasarkan setiap jenis proyek. Hasil dari model simulasi yaitu berupa persentase dari setiap peran yang dibutuhkan, project manager memiliki persentase terbesar dibandingkan dengan peran lainnya, yaitu sebesar 76% pada proyek skala kecil dan 60% pada proyek skala besar.AbstractIn software development there are several types of methodologies that can be used, one of which is Rational Unified Process (RUP). RUP is of software development process used in various software companies. There are various types of projects in RUP software development, small scale project, large-scale projects and re-engineering projects. Each type of project has different needs, especially in the use of each role. In RUP there are several important roles that cannot be done by an individual because they have to work at the same time. Basically the purpose of the RUP is to be able to produce high quality software. This cannot be achieved if the inappropriate role is used. This study proposes the number of roles needed for software development using RUP by creating simulation models. The purpose of simulation model is to determine the appropriate role based on each type of project. The results of the simulation model are in the form of a percentage of each role needed, the project manager has the largest percentage compared to other roles, which is 76% in small-scale projects and 60% in large-scale projects.
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Tremblay, G. F., R. Michaud, G. Bélanger, K. B. McRae, and H. V. Petit. "In vitro ruminal undegradable proteins of alfalfa cultivars." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p99-113.
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The quality of alfalfa would be greatly improved by an increase in its ruminal undegradable protein (RUP) concentration. Protein degradation rate (PDR), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), leaf weight ratio (LWR), dry matter yield (DMY), total nitrogen (TN), in vitro RUP (expressed on both TN, RUP-TN, and dry matter basis, RUP-DM), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations were determined in 27 alfalfa cultivars. Cultivars were seeded in triplicate on 2 consecutive years and evaluated during the 2 subsequent production years with two harvests per year. Protein degradation rate and RUP-TN were determined using a ruminal inhibitor in vitro system. Data were averaged for spring growth, summer regrowth, and both harvests across 2 production years. Each of the three data sets was analyzed by ANOVA followed by a principal component analysis (PCA) on the ANOVA means. For the four-harvest data, cultivar differences were highly significant (P < 0.001) for all variates except for PDR (P = 0.07) and RUP-TN concentration (P = 0.10). The first PCA axis was largely defined positively by RUP-DM, IVDMD, TN, LWR, and RUP-TN, but negatively with ADF, NDF, PDR, and DMY. The second PCA axis defined a contrast between PDR versus RUP-TN, DMY, ADF, and NDF. Five cultivars were distinctive with high or low PCA scores in all three PCA. Rangelander and Heinrichs, along with Ultra, had low PDR; the first two cultivars had low DMY whereas Ultra was a medium-yielding cultivar. In contrast, Algonquin and Oneida VR had high PDR and medium DMY. While the first principal component (PC) indicated a general trend that low PDR and high RUP were associated with low-yielding cultivars, the second PC identified specific cultivars with both low PDR and high DMY. Therefore, selection for low PDR and high DMY is feasible. Key words: ruminal protein escape, dry matter digestibility, alfalfa
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Schumacher, Elizabeth, Galen E. Erickson, James C. MacDonald, Terry Klopfenstein, Zachary E. Carlson, Henry Hilscher, Levi McPhillips, and Hannah C. Wilson. "334 Evaluation of sources of RUP fed to Holstein steers in a simulated organic beef production system." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.240.
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Abstract This study evaluated rumen undegradable protein (RUP) sources on performance of lightweight Holstein steers fed diets that simulated the requirements for organic beef production. Holstein steers (n = 59; initial BW = 213kg) were fed individually for 214 d. Diets contained 30% alfalfa haylage, 5% supplement to meet mineral requirements, and differing proportions of dry rolled corn and a protein source to supply RUP. Steers were assigned randomly to dietary treatments: a protein-deficient control (CON), field peas (FP), field peas and fish meal (FPFM), soybean meal (SBM), and a soybean meal treated to increase RUP (Soypass; SP). Diets were reformulated by phase as MP requirements decreased. Experimental design was completely randomized with experimental unit being steer. A tendency (P = 0.09) for a difference in ADG in the first phase was observed, with steers fed any RUP source having greater ADG than CON. No difference (P ≥ 0.22) was detected for ADG in subsequent phases as RUP sources were displaced with corn. Intakes were not different (P ≥ 0.26) among treatments during the first and last phase, but during phase two and three calves fed SP had greater DMI (P ≤ 0.03) compared with FP or FPFM, with the CON and SBM groups being intermediate. In the first phase, calves in the CON group had significantly (P < 0.01) lower G:F compared to treatments with RUP, which were not different from one another. No differences (P ≥ 0.31) were observed between treatments for G:F during the final three phases. These data suggest that supplementing RUP improved ADG and G:F, but source of RUP did not impact performance of lightweight Holstein steers when inclusions were varied to account for differences in RUP content of each protein source. These animals compensated for a deficiency in MP early in the feeding period.
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Del Castilo, Ingrid, Arthur S. Neumann, Felipe S. Lemos, Marco A. De Bastiani, Felipe L. Oliveira, Eduardo R. Zimmer, Amanda M. Rêgo, et al. "Lifelong Exposure to a Low-Dose of the Glyphosate-Based Herbicide RoundUp® Causes Intestinal Damage, Gut Dysbiosis, and Behavioral Changes in Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 5583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105583.
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RoundUp® (RUp) is a comercial formulation containing glyphosate (N-(phosphono-methyl) glycine), and is the world’s leading wide-spectrum herbicide used in agriculture. Supporters of the broad use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) claim they are innocuous to humans, since the active compound acts on the inhibition of enzymes which are absent in human cells. However, the neurotoxic effects of GBH have already been shown in many animal models. Further, these formulations were shown to disrupt the microbiome of different species. Here, we investigated the effects of a lifelong exposure to low doses of the GBH-RUp on the gut environment, including morphological and microbiome changes. We also aimed to determine whether exposure to GBH-RUp could harm the developing brain and lead to behavioral changes in adult mice. To this end, animals were exposed to GBH-RUp in drinking water from pregnancy to adulthood. GBH-RUp-exposed mice had no changes in cognitive function, but developed impaired social behavior and increased repetitive behavior. GBH-Rup-exposed mice also showed an activation of phagocytic cells (Iba-1–positive) in the cortical brain tissue. GBH-RUp exposure caused increased mucus production and the infiltration of plama cells (CD138-positive), with a reduction in phagocytic cells. Long-term exposure to GBH-RUp also induced changes in intestinal integrity, as demonstrated by the altered expression of tight junction effector proteins (ZO-1 and ZO-2) and a change in the distribution of syndecan-1 proteoglycan. The herbicide also led to changes in the gut microbiome composition, which is also crucial for the establishment of the intestinal barrier. Altogether, our findings suggest that long-term GBH-RUp exposure leads to morphological and functional changes in the gut, which correlate with behavioral changes that are similar to those observed in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Oney, Colton R., Jana K. Gramkow, F. Henry Hilscher, Galen E. Erickson, Jim C. MacDonald, Terry J. Klopfenstein, and Andrea K. Watson. "Corn silage rumen undegradable protein content and response of growing calves to rumen undegradable protein supplement1." Translational Animal Science 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz014.
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Abstract The amount of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) in corn silage and the extent to which it is digested in the small intestine are uncertain. Three studies were conducted to determine RUP content of corn silage, and the effects of supplementing increasing concentrations of RUP on the growing performance of calves fed a corn silage diet. Experiments 1 and 2 used in situ methods to evaluate the RUP content of corn silage. In experiment 1, corn silages harvested at 37% or 42% dry matter (DM) were compared. In experiment 2, dry-rolled corn (89.4% DM) was reconstituted to 75%, 70%, 65%, and 50% DM and ensiled in mini-silos (2,265 cm3) for 30, 90, 180, or 270 d to simulate the corn grain within corn silage, dry-rolled corn is more mature than corn grain harvested in corn silage. Experiment 3 used 60 steers (275 kg initial body weight, SD = 18) in an 83-d growing study to evaluate the effects of supplementing 0.4%, 1.7%, 3.0%, 4.2%, or 5.5% RUP (% of diet DM) on performance. In experiment 1, RUP as a % of DM was not different between the two corn silages (P ≥ 0.12), averaging 0.59% for samples refluxed in a neutral detergent solution (NDS) and 1.8% for samples not refluxed in NDS. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) also did not differ (P ≥ 0.19), averaging 67.4%. In experiment 2, as moisture content of the corn grain increased, DMD increased linearly (P < 0.01) and RUP content decreased linearly (P < 0.01). The DMD increased quadratically (P = 0.02), whereas RUP content decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as days of ensiling increased. In experiment 3, there were no differences in DM intake (DMI; P ≥ 0.33) among treatments for period 1 (d 1 to 37). However, average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) both linearly increased (P < 0.01) as RUP supplement inclusion increased. There were no differences in DMI (P ≥ 0.16), ADG (P ≥ 0.11), or G:F (P ≥ 0.64) in period 2 (d 38 to 83). For the overall growing period (d 1 to 83), a linear increase was observed for ending body weight (P = 0.01), ADG (P < 0.01), and G:F (P < 0.01) as RUP supplement inclusion increased from 0.4% to 5.5% of diet DM. The RUP content of corn silage is lower than previously reported. Data collected suggest the crude protein within corn silage is 13% RUP, and approximately 1/2 is digestible. The moisture content of corn silage at the time of harvest and the amount of time corn silage is stored continually impact protein availability. Supplementing growing calves fed corn silage with RUP will improve performance.
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Tia, Tuti Karen. "SIMULATION MODEL FOR RATIONAL UNIFIED PROCESS (RUP) SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE." SISTEMASI 8, no. 1 (January 27, 2019): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.32520/stmsi.v8i1.420.
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In software development there are several types of methodologies that can be used, one of which is Rational Unified Process (RUP). RUP is of software development process used in various software companies. There are various types of projects in RUP software development, small scale project, large-scale projects and re-engineering projects. Each type of project has different needs, especially in the use of each role. In RUP there are several important roles that cannot be done by an individual because they have to work at the same time. Basically the purpose of the RUP is to be able to produce high quality software. This cannot be achieved if the inappropriate role is used. This study proposes the number of roles needed for software development using RUP by creating simulation models. The purpose of simulation model is to determine the appropriate role based on each type of project. The results of the simulation model are in the form of a percentage of each role needed, the project manager has the largest percentage compared to other roles, which is 70% in small-scale projects and 65% in large-scale projects.
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Leliveld, Anna Maria, Benjamin HJ Doornweerd, and Igle De Jong. "Contemporary evaluation of urography in diagnosis in patients with urothelial cell carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2013): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.312.
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312 Background: Upper urinary tract tumors (UUTT) can occur synchronous or metachronous (0.7 – 6%) with bladder tumors. The optimal imaging technique of the upper urinary tract is unclear. Studies on the accuracy of retrograde pyelography (RUP) and comparative studies on detection level are sparse. In this study we evaluated the effectiveness of a first RUP in patients with a first manifestation of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) in the urinary tract. Methods: In this retrospective study we evaluated all consecutive patients with pathologic proven UCC who underwent their first RUP between March 1998 and April 2008 in the University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands. Data regarding patient and tumor characteristics, results from RUPs, use of alternative imaging techniques, treatment and outcome were collected from the electronically patient’s records. Follow up was calculated from the first RUP to the last registrated visit. Descriptive statistics have been used to evaluate the performance of the RUP. Results: A total of 156 patients underwent a first RUP because of a first manifestation of UCC of the bladder or upper urinary tract. A mean follow up of 5.09 years was achieved (range 0-13 years). On 17 RUPs (11%) abnormalities were detected. In 16 patients a malignancy was diagnosed. Except one renal cell carcinoma all tumors were UCC of the renal pelvis, ureters or both. Muscle invasive tumors were diagnosed in 7 of these 17 patients. In 30 patients (19%) no conclusive results were obtained because of failure of the RUP due to technical difficulties. In 19 of 30 patients alternative imaging was performed, with intravenous pyelography in 11 patients, computer tomography urography in 7 patients and with both in 1 patient. No UUTTs were diagnosed in this group. In 109 (70%) patients whit a negative RUP three patients developed a tumor after 8, 52, and 65 months. The latter two we consider as newly developed lesions. Conclusions: RUP in patients with a first manifestation of UCC is a very sensitive and accurate diagnostic tool in detecting UUTT.
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Wheeler, Kaylee E., Terry J. Klopfenstein, James C. MacDonald, Andrea K. Watson, and Hannah C. Wilson. "55 Rumen undegradable protein content of native range and sub irrigated meadow forages." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.267.
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Abstract The in situ mobile bag procedure was used to compare rumen undegradable protein (RUP) content and RUP digestibility of Nebraska Sandhills range and meadow diet samples. Meadow samples (n = 12) were from June, July and August of 2 years while range samples (n = 19) were from June, July, September and December of 6 years. Samples were collected using esophageally fistulated cows (samples from 2 cows composited per time point), freeze-dried, and ground through a 2 mm screen. For each sample, 1.25 g was weighed into 8 replicate 8×10 cm Dacron bags with 50-µm pore size. Rumen incubation time was based on estimated digestibility and passage rate. Following rumen incubation, analysis of neutral detergent insoluble N (NDIN) on one-half of the bags was used to calculate RUP content. Remaining bags were treated with pepsin/HCl solution (37 °C) and stirred for three hours before duodenal incubation. Analysis of NDIN after recovery from feces determined RUP digestibility. Data were analyzed using month as a fixed effect and year and experiment as random effects. In meadow samples, CP (15.0% of DM) was consistent across June, July, and August (P = 0.72). Range samples tended to differ in CP content (P = 0.11), with June, July and September being similar (8.15% of DM) while December was 6.01%. In meadow samples, RUP averaged 21.9% of CP while range samples averaged 26.7% of CP, with no differences due to month (P ≥ 0.32). Because CP content was changing in range samples, RUP as a % of DM tended (P = 0.14) to decrease in December (1.66) compared to June, July, and Sept (2.25). In meadow samples, RUP digestibility (%) declined from 74.7% in June to 61.4% in July and Aug (P = 0.07). RUP digestibility (%) averaged 43.9% for all range samples (P = 0.66).
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Tremblay, G. F., R. Michaud, and G. Bélanger. "Protein fractions and ruminal undegradable proteins in alfalfa." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 83, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p02-148.
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The relationship between protein fractions of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) and in vitro ruminal undegradable protein (RUP) concentration was studied using variability among 14 genotypes and 27 cultivars of alfalfa harvested at early bloom in the spring growth. Significant differences in soluble N concentration (fraction A + B1), degradable true protein fractions (fractions B2 and B3), and in vitro RUP concentration were found among genotypes but not among cultivars. Correla tions between in vitro RUP values and fractions A + B1 and B2 were significant for genotypes ( r = -0.77 and r = 0.78) and cultivars ( r = -0.72 and r = 0.64). Protein fractions of the CNCPS should be considered as an alternative laboratory method for in vitro RUP to screen alfalfa genotypes for breeding purposes. Key words:
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Guida, Pier Luigi. "RUP e linee guida ANAC." PROJECT MANAGER (IL), no. 29 (February 2017): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pm2017-029011.
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Giada, Franco, Michele Gulizia, Maura Francese, Francesco Croci, Lucio Santangelo, Maurizio Santomauro, Eraldo Occhetta, Carlo Menozzi, and Antonio Raviele. "Recurrent Unexplained Palpitations (RUP) Study." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 49, no. 19 (May 2007): 1951–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.036.
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Mustafa, A. F., S. Y. Qiao, P. A. Thacker, J. J. McKinnon, D. A. Christensen, and R. K. Chaplin. "Assessment of the value of cannulated pigs for measuring intestinal protein digestibility of ruminal undegraded protein of canola meal." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 80, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a00-019.
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The intestinal digestibility of ruminal undegraded protein (RUP) from canola meal heated at 125 or 145 °C for 0, 10, 20, and 30 min was measured using either duodenally cannulated steers or pigs. Cannulated pigs accounted for 96% (P < 0.05) of the variation in intestinal digestibility of RUP by steers with a standard error of prediction of 0.073%. The pig model overpredicted intestinal digestibility of RUP by only 6%. Key words: Ruminal undegraded protein, cannulated pigs, mobile nylon bag, intestinal digestibility
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Sharma, Nidhi, and Manoj Wadhwa. "eXSRUP: Hybrid Software Development Model Integrating Extreme Programing, Scrum & Rational Unified Process." TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering 16, no. 2 (November 1, 2015): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/tijee.v16i2.1627.
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<p>Software industries are progressively adopting the agile development practices of customized models such as Extreme Programming (XP) or Scrum or Rational Unified Process (RUP). Scrum and Extreme Programming (XP) are frequently used agile models, whereas Rational Unified Process (RUP) is one popular classic plan driven software development methodology. Both agile and plan driven models have their own merits & demerits such as XP has good engineering practices, team collaboration and on the other hand weak documentation, poor performance in medium & large scale projects. Scrum is based on project management practices. RUP model has some limitations such as impractical for small and fast paced projects, tendency to be over budgeted, condemn rapid changes in requirements. This research paper based on proposes hybrid framework eXSRUP by combining strengths of Scrum, XP and RUP by suppressing their limitations to produce high quality software.</p>
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Pormalekshahi, Aminolah, Farshid Fatahnia, Hoshang Jafari, Arash Azarfar, Saifali Varmaghany, and Golnaz Taasoli. "Interaction effect of ruminal undegradable protein level and rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) inclusion in the diet of growing goat kids on meat CLA content and quality traits." British Journal of Nutrition 122, no. 07 (April 22, 2019): 745–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114519000904.
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AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine the effects of dietary rumen undegradable protein (RUP) level and rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid (rpCLA) on meat fatty acid (FA) profile, chemical compositions and colour parameters of growing kids. Thirty-two Kurdish goat kids (13·06 ± 1·08 kg body weight) were fed diets differing in RUP level (low = 250 v. high = 350 g/kg of dietary crude protein) supplemented either with 15 g/kg of rpCLA or 12 g/kg of hydrogenated soyabean oil (HSO) for 80 d. Interaction of dietary rpCLA and RUP level had no effect on hot carcass weight, dressing and cut percentage, and meat chemical composition and colour parameters. Meat total SFA, MUFA and PUFA concentrations were not influenced by experimental diets, whereas kids fed diets supplemented with rpCLA had lower meat total SFA and higher PUFA concentrations compared with those fed diets supplemented with HSO. The concentration of meat trans-11-8 : 1 was not influenced by rpCLA supplementation, RUP level and their interaction. Kids fed diets containing rpCLA supplementation had higher meat total CLA and cis-9, trans-11-CLA and trans-10, cis-12-CLA isomers compared with those fed diets containing HSO supplementation. Desaturase indexes of C14, C16 and C18 were not influenced by rpCLA supplementation, RUP level and their interaction. It is concluded that supplementing growing kids’ diets with RUP and 15 g/kg of rpCLA not only decreased meat fat content but also increased some FA considered to be of potential benefit to human health.
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Simonetti, Tainá, Thiago Langer Lantmann, Liris Kindlein, Cristian Pertile Berton, and Paula Nunes Tartari. "Relação Umidade: Proteína em peitos de frango de corte acometidos com defeitos musculares." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 2 (January 26, 2022): e31711225789. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25789.
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A evolução genética das linhagens de frango de corte desencadeou ganhos nos índices de desempenho e alterações corpóreas. Isto posto, evidencia-se um desafio às indústrias avícolas o cumprimento dos padrões legais dos teores da Relação Umidade:Proteína (RUP) para deter fraudes por inserção de água na carne. Neste sentido, sabe-se que os defeitos musculares de peito amadeirado e estrias brancas influenciam na composição centesimal da carne, identificando-se cortes com maior umidade e menor funcionalidade proteica. Outro fator importante na variação da RUP é o peso das aves, pois quanto menor for a carcaça, maior será sua absorção de água no processo de abate. Por isso, o objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a RUP e sua associação com a ocorrência e severidade dos defeitos musculares e a influência do peso dos peitos de frangos de corte nestas variáveis. Coletou-se 240 amostras de peitos de frangos de corte com 42 dias que foram pesadas, classificadas pela severidade dos defeitos musculares e avaliadas para sua composição centesimal de umidade e proteína através de espectroscopia de reflectância do infravermelho proximal (NIRS). Nos resultados verificou-se que a média da RUP apresentou diferença significativa (p<0,05) na presença de peito amadeirado. Entretanto, os peitos acometidos por estrias brancas não apresentaram diferença na RUP. Em ambos os defeitos, a RUP foi influenciada pelo peso do peito. Portanto, deve-se considerar as mudanças de deposição dos tecidos corporais das linhagens modernas para garantir que os padrões legais sejam eficazes no controle de fraudes e não estejam obsoletos.
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Fu, Li Na, and Ke Gang Hao. "Design & Measure RUP Development Case Using the Zachman Framework as an Aid." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 3153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.3153.
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Software process improvement (SPI) using the RUP is a persistent and iterative process which needs suitable methods for tailoring and measuring. The paper provides a method to tailor the RUP using the Zachman framework as an aid. In the method the RUP artifact matrix based on the Zachman framework represents tailoring result of artifacts vs. roles and the fulfilling rules of the artifact matrix represent the dependency relationship of artifacts of each cell. In addition the paper introduces two measurement models for measuring the performance of the development process to assist SPI in an iterative mode.
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Tanaka, Sergio Akio, and André Banki. "Alinhamento do RUP 7.0 aos valores do movimento ágil." Revista E-Tech: Tecnologias para Competitividade Industrial - ISSN - 1983-1838 1, no. 1 (April 12, 2008): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18624/e-tech.v1i1.19.
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O desenvolvimento ágil tem sido um assunto de interesse crescente na comunidade de desenvolvimento de software nos últimos anos. Ao comparar as metodologias ágeis, como o eXtreme Programming (XP), com as prescritivas, muitos autores listam o Rational Unified Process (RUP) com estas últimas. Esses trabalhos atualmente disponíveis retratam a versão 2003 do RUP, com a abordagem já considerada “clássica” das Melhores Práticas. Este artigo mostra que o RUP é um processo em constante evolução e, nesta versão 7.0, englobou nos seus “Conceitos Chave” a maior parte dos valores defendidos pelo Manifesto Ágil perante a comunidade de desenvolvimento de software.
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Baker, M. J., H. E. Amos, A. Nelson, C. C. Williams, and M. A. Froetschel. "Undegraded intake protein: Effects on milk production and amino acid utilization by cows fed wheat silage." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 76, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas96-054.
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Thirty-six Holstein cows in second or later lactation were used in a 63-d completely randomized block design to determine the effects of RUP source on milk production, composition, and estimated AA uptake by the mammary gland. Cows were divided into 12 blocks of three cows each based on DIM (54.5 d) and milk production. Treatments were 1) soybean meal; 2) treated SBM; and 3) supplemental protein from TSBM, corn gluten meal, and Menhaden fish meal with each protein supplying equal amounts of CP. Mean DMI was greater for cows fed supplemental RUP. Intake of RUP was increased by 0.5 and 0.4 kg d−1, respectively, for treatments 2 and 3. The NEL intake was greater for cows fed treatment 3 than for those fed treatment 2. RUP supplementation increased BW accretion and milk production. Milk composition was unaffected except for lactose, which was higher for milk from treatment 3 than for milk from treatment 2. Extraction efficiencies of AA indicated that the supply of Met and Lys to the mammary gland was first and second limiting for cows receiving treatments 1 and 2 but colimiting for cows fed treatment 3. Results indicate performance differences related to RUP sources and specifically the amounts of Lys and Met available for metabolism. Key words: Undegraded protein sources, amino acids, milk yield, dairy cows
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Heim, Rebecca A. L., and Gaye L. Krebs. "Ruminal protein digestibility of Australian produced oilseed meals." Animal Production Science 59, no. 7 (2019): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an18054.
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Initially, samples of Australian canola, soybean, cottonseed and flaxseed meal produced by solvent-extraction, expeller and cold-press technologies collected from late 2014 to early 2015 were analysed for general chemical composition, protein and ruminal digestibility characteristics. The oilseed meals had levels of ash, neutral-detergent insoluble crude protein, total intestinal digested protein, B1, B2, B3 and C protein content similar to those in previous reports, but lower Fraction A (non-protein N) levels than in previous reports. Acid-detergent insoluble fibre, metabolisable energy, total digestible nutrients, ash (P < 0.05), neutral-detergent fibre, in vitro dry matter digestibility, crude protein (CP), true protein, acid-detergent insoluble CP, soluble protein, in vitro rumen-undegradable protein (RUP), total tract digested protein, Fraction A, B2 and C (P < 0.01) differed among oilseed types. Dry matter, the ratio of RUP to total tract digested protein (P < 0.05), CP, lipid, soluble protein, RUP, Fraction A, B1 and B2 (P < 0.01) differed among oil-extraction techniques. Utilising an in vitro simulated rumen proteolysis procedure by Krishnamoorthy et al. (1983), mean ranges of in vitro RUP were greater and varied more so in canola (18.8–70.1%) than soybean (40.3–54.0%), cottonseed (31.5–33.9%) and flaxseed (18.5–21.8%) meals. Estimated RUP was lower (P < 0.01) in cold-press than expeller and solvent-extraction oilseed meals.
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Spore, Tyler, Melissa L. Jolly-Breithaupt, Nolan Meier, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, James C. MacDonald, and Andrea K. Watson. "252 Effects of Increasing Urea in Corn Silage Diets and Duration of Ensiling on the Rumen Undegradable Protein Content of Corn Silage." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.209.
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Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing urea in a corn silage cattle diet and ensiling time (ET) impact on rumen undegradable crude protein (RUP) content of corn silage. In Exp. 1, ten ruminally- and duodenally cannulated heifers (body weight 265 ± 16 kg) were utilized in a 4 × 4 Latin square design and treatments were urea included at 0, 0.5, 1, or 1.5% of dietary dry matter (DM). In Exp. 2, corn silage samples were collected during feedout at 32-d intervals from the time of ensiling (d 0) to 160 d post-ensiling followed by separation in water to forage and grain components. Forage and grain samples were ruminally incubated in two steers to calculate RUP content of corn silage. In Exp. 1, DM intake increased linearly from 5.7 to 6.8 kg/d as urea inclusion increased (P < 0.001). Apparent total tract digestibility of DM and organic matter increased linearly from 55.8% to 60.8%, and 60.1% to 64.9%, respectively (P < 0.001). Total tract digestibility of neutral and acid detergent fiber increased linearly with increasing urea inclusion (P ≤ 0.004). In Exp. 2, the RUP content of the corn grain component decreased from 43.7% of CP at day 0 to 15.8% and 10.0% of CP after 32 and 96 d of ensiling, respectively (quadratic, P < 0.01). The RUP content of the forage averaged 19.3% of CP across ET ranging from 21.5 to 17.8% of CP (P ≥ 0.28). Estimated from the individual components, the RUP content of whole corn silage decreased from 32% to 17.1% of CP after 160 d in storage, a portion of which is digestible. Urea supplementation improved digestibility of corn silage diets and RUP content of corn silage decreased with storage time, primarily driven by changes in the corn grain component.
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Kurniawan, Rejalana Bayu. "RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI KONSULTASI DAN PENJADWALAN FISIOTERAPI PENYAKIT BELL’S PALSY (STUDI KASUS KLINIK GRIYA FISIOTERAPIS)." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi, Komputer, dan Aplikasinya (JTIKA ) 3, no. 1 (April 8, 2021): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jtika.v3i1.129.
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AbstractBell's palsy is an acute paralysis of the prifer facial nerve of unknown cause and results in permanent disability ifnot treated properly. In this study, Development of Consultation Information System Scheduling Bell’s Palsy Diseasewas designed and built which can help in overcoming physiotherapy scheduling as well as recording medicalrecords, so that they can be well controlled and coordinated. The development method in information systems isdesigned using the RUP (Rational Unified Process) method, where testing using the RUP method is carried out usingblack box testing and using usability (questionnaires). In black box testing, the result is 1, which means that allfeatures are running correctly. In the usability test, the results obtained were 92.30% which was stated relativelyfeasible because the test was carried out on a physiotherapist, and 87.03% which was carried out with 30respondents who met the usability standard referred to in table I, namely the table of score interpretation criteriaor declared "Very Feasible", so the RUP method is a good method for system development.Kata Kunci: Metode Rational Unified Process, RUP, Sistem Informasi, Website, Klink Griya Fisioterapis
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Ogunwole, O. A., A. Akinfemi, and A. O. Akinsoyinu. "Degradation of Crude Protein in Groundnut Cake, Guinea Grass (Panicum Maximum) and Rumen Epithelial Scraping based Diets by West African Dwarf Sheep." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 38, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v38i1.702.
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Three West African dwarf rams fitted with rumen cannula, were used in a completely randomized design for degradation of crude protein (CP) of groundnut cake (GNC), Panicum maximum, rumen epithelial scraping (RES), and diets containing increasing levels of RES. Concentrate diets were formulated such that 0% (A), 50% (B), and 100% (C) of groundnut cake were replaced with RES in a diet containing 20% GNC. The soluble fraction a, insoluble fraction b and rumen undegradable protein (RUP) obtained for GNC, grass and RES varied significantly (P<0.05). Significant (P<0.05) variations were also observed for a, b and RUP of the test ingredients. Effective degradability (ED) of CP in GNC, grass and RES (at outflow rate of 0.02) were 38.19, 19.63 and 2.13 respectively. The ED values obtained for the diets decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increased inclusion of RES. Panicum maximum and RES contained significantly higher (P<0.05) level of RUP when compared with GNC. The RUP values obtained for the diets were not influenced (P>0.05) by the inclusion of RES.
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Mirzaei-Alamouti, Hamidreza, Azam Beiranvand, Arman Abdollahi, Hamid Amanlou, Amlan Kumar Patra, and Jörg R. Aschenbach. "Growth Performance, Eating Behavior, Digestibility, Blood Metabolites, and Carcass Traits in Growing-Finishing Fat-Tailed Lambs Fed Different Levels of Dietary Neutral Detergent Fiber with High Rumen Undegradable Protein." Agriculture 11, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111101.
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of decreasing concentrations of dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) at high rumen undegradable protein (RUP) on performance, digestibility, chewing activity, blood attributes, and carcass characteristics in 32 weaned male Afshari lambs (90 days of age; 26 kg initial body weight; BW). Dietary metabolic energy (ME) was increased from 10.6–11.5 and 11.8 MJ/kg dry matter (DM) by replacing alfalfa hay with grain to achieve NDF concentrations of 270, 245, and 220 g/kg DM, respectively, at 66.6 g/kg DM of RUP. The control (CON) diet contained 10.9 MJ/kg ME, 270 g/kg NDF and 59.6 g/kg RUP on DM basis. Rations containedsimilar concentrations of crude protein (CP, 160 g/kg DM). Lambs were slaughtered after a 56-d feeding period. The increase in dietary RUP had no effect on BW and average daily gain (ADG) but tended to decrease apparent digestibility of CP and DM, significantlydecreasedplasma urea concentration, and increased carcass CP content. Other body or carcass characteristics were unchanged. Decreasing dietary fiber at high RUP did not result in adverse effects on BW, ADG, body length, withers height, apparent digestibility of DM and CP, and BFT, but decreased DM intake (1539 vs. 1706 g/d) and feed conversion ratio (FCR; 4.33 vs. 5.39) compared with CON. Gradual reduction in NDF and physically effective NDF did not affecteating, ruminating or chewing times. Plasma glucose concentration was greater for NDF220 than for the three other treatments (p = 0.015).Slaughtering traits were not affected by dietary treatment except for hot carcass weight, which increased in NDF220 and NDF245 compared with NDF270 (p = 0.021). The concentration of meat CP increased in NDF270 versus CON (167 vs. 152 g/kg). Quadratic effects occurred for meat ether extract concentration (highest in NDF220) and fat-tail weight (highest in NDF245). In conclusion, the results showed that increasing the proportion of RUP within dietary CP improves carcass protein accretion. Decreasing dietary NDF to 220 g/kg DM at high RUP does not impair eating behavior and improves FCR in 3-month-old fat-tailed lambs.
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Perwitasari, Ririn, Royana Afawani, and Sri Endang Anjarwani. "Penerapan Metode Rational Unified Process (RUP) Dalam Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Medical Check Up Pada Citra Medical Centre." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi, Komputer, dan Aplikasinya (JTIKA ) 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jtika.v2i1.85.
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The Rational Unified Process (RUP) method is an iterative and incremental software development method that focuses on architecture. The RUP method will be used in the development of a medical check-up information system on a Citra medical center because this method is proactively able to resolve the project risks associated with the client's evolving requirements requiring careful change request management. Less time is required for integration as the process of integration goes on throughout the software development life cycle and the development time required is less due to using of components over and over. RUP involves The client’s in The system development process, so the result will be accordance with client wishes. The system built is expected to make it easier for employees to manage patient data from anywhere and anytime.
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Putri, Ezi Masdia, Mardiati Zain, Lili Warly, and Hermon Hermon. "Effects of rumen-degradable-to-undegradable protein ratio in ruminant diet on in vitro digestibility, rumen fermentation, and microbial protein synthesis." March-2021 14, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 640–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.640-648.
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Background and Aim: Feeding ruminants must notice the degradability of feed, especially protein. Microbial rumen requires ammonia from rumen degradable protein (RDP) beside that ruminant require bypass protein or rumen undegradable protein (RUP) and microbial crude protein. The aim of the study was to discover the best RDP:RUP ratio in beef cattle diets commonly used by Indonesian farmers using an in vitro methodology. Materials and Methods: Samples of Pennisetum purpureum, Leucaena leucocephala, Indigofera zollingeriana, cassava, maize, palm kernel cake, rice bran, and tofu waste were formulated into dietary treatments (dry matter [DM] basis). All experiments were carried out using a 3×3×2 factorial, randomized block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of three protein levels (12%, 14%, and 16%), two energy levels (65% and 70%), and three RDP:RUP ratio levels (55:45, 60:40, and 65:35). The experimental diets were incubated in vitro using buffered rumen fluid for 48 h at 39°C. After incubation, the supernatants were analyzed to determine pH, ammonia concentration, total volatile fatty acid (VFA), and microbial protein synthesis. The residues were analyzed to determine DM, organic matter, protein, and RUP digestibility. Results: Increased protein, energy, and RDP levels increased digestibility, ammonia concentrations, total VFAs, and microbial protein synthesis (p<0.05), while rations with 16% protein lowered these parameters (p<0.05). Conclusion: Increased dietary protein (from 12% to 14% DM), energy (from 65% to 70% DM), and RDP (from 55% to 65% crude protein [CP]) levels increased nutrient digestibility, ammonia concentration, total VFA levels, and microbial protein synthesis. The diet containing 14% DM dietary protein and 70% DM energy, which contained 55%, 60%, or 65% CP RDP optimally increased nutrient digestibility, ammonia concentration, total VFA levels, and microbial protein synthesis. Thus, feed based on these RDP:RUP ratios can optimize ruminant productivity.
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Choe, Mi-Suk, Yong-Ik Yun, and Jae-Nyeon Park. "Study about Component Identification Method Based On RUP." KIPS Transactions:PartD 9D, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipstd.2002.9d.1.091.
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Castle, E., F. Atug, S. Burgess, F. Mendez-Torres, R. Davis, and R. Thomas. "Radical prostatectomy: retropubic (RRP) vs. laparoscopic (RLP) vs. perineal (RPP) vs. robotic (RAP)." Urology 66, no. 3 (September 2005): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2005.06.030.
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Georgiievska, Viktoriia. "History of the Ukrainian party press in the periodicals (first half of the XX century)." Obraz 33, no. 1 (2020): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/obraz.2020.1(33)-57-62.
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The article deals on the peculiarities of covering the history of some Ukrainian parties that were founded in Naddniprianska Ukraine in the early XXth century, in particular the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party (RUP) and the Ukrainian Social Democratic Worker’s Party (USDRP). The object of the study was the Parisian magazine «Tryzub / Trident», which paid special attention to the history of the formation of the RUP and the celebration of the thirty-year activity of this party. The following main methods were used, such as monitoring of bibliographic, historical and historical-journalistic sources, press clipping of individual publications (magazine «Tryzub / Trident»). Description, analysis, comparison, systematization and generalization made it possible to trace the stages of formation of the RUP (1900), its transformation into the USDRP (1905), to determine the main figures in the political processes of defending national and state interests of the first decades of the twentieth century.
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MOHAN, K. KRISHNA, A. SRIVIDYA, and RAVI KUMAR GEDELA. "QUALITY OF SERVICE PREDICTION USING FUZZY LOGIC AND RUP IMPLEMENTATION FOR PROCESS ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 15, no. 02 (April 2008): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021853930800299x.
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In a competitive business landscape, large organizations such as insurance companies and banks are under high pressure to innovate, improvise and differentiate their products and services while continuing to reduce the time-to market for new product introductions. Generating a single view of the customer is critical from different perspectives of the systems developer over a period of time because of the existence of disconnected systems within an enterprise. Therefore, to increase revenues and cost optimization, it is important build enterprise systems more closely with the business requirements by reusing the existing systems. While building distributed based applications, it is important to take into account the proven processes like Rational Unified Process (RUP) to mitigate the risks and increase the reliability of systems. Experiences in developing applications in Java Enterprise Edition (JEE) with customized RUP have been presented in this paper. RUP is adopted into an onsite-offshore development model along with ISO 9001 and SEI CMM Level 5 standards. This paper provides an RUP approach to achieve increased reliability with higher productivity and lower defect density along with competitiveness through cost effective custom software solutions. Early qualitative software reliability prediction is done using fuzzy expert systems, using which the expected number of defects in the software prior to the experimental testing is obtained. The predicted results are then compared with the practical values obtained during the actual testing procedure.
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Polishchuk, A. I., and T. N. Gutnyk. "RATIONALE FOR THE METHOD OF DETERMINING THE DESIGN RESISTANCE OF FOUNDATION SOIL FOR FOUNDATIONS OF RECONSTRUCTED BUILDINGS." Construction and Geotechnics 12, no. 3 (December 15, 2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2021.3.01.
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The methods for determining the parameter of design resistance of foundation soil R for shallow foundations of reconstructed (restorable) buildings built on sandy and clayey soils are considered. It is established that during the long-term operation of buildings and structures such soils are compacted, and their properties usually improve. For the conditions of reconstruction and restoration of buildings, the parameter R is commonly referred to as the design resistance of compacted foundation soil Rup . The known methods of determination of Rup parameter published in works of Russian scientists for the last 50 years (since 1971) have been analyzed by the authors. The most effective among the considered methods is the engineering method (1997) that takes into account not only the improvement of soil properties under the foundations but also their weakening (deterioration) caused by watering of these soils during the period of the buildings operation. This method of determining Rup is based on the recommendations for the calculation of R according to SP 22.13330.2016, which includes additions that take into account the changes in the above soil characteristics. The scope of the method applies to clays, loams and sandy loam from hard to flowable (plastic) consistency. In order to design shallow foundations in various cases of reconstruction and restoration of buildings on sandy and clay soils, it is necessary to further develop the methods of determining the parameter Rup .
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Chen, Le, and JeongYoung Song. "Development of AHMES (Automatical Higher Mathematics Examination System) Using Rational Unified Process." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (November 2, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7952816.
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This study was aimed at developing an automatic exam system as an intelligent and high-quality higher math examination solution for Department of Computer Engineering at Pai Chai University (PCU) based on S/W Engineering. As a research and development (R&D) project, the study used the rational unified process (RUP) method for software development. RUP describes how to effectively use commercial and reliable methods to develop and deploy software system. It is a heavyweight process; therefore, it is particularly suitable for large teams to develop large projects. This paper describes the RUP process of this R&D project what we named it as Automatic Higher Mathematically Exam System (AHMES). AHMES provides a new way to automatically generate exam questions. In the study, our team and the requesting department collected the requirements and selected methods and tools. Then, our team designed and implemented the framework of the system, completed the development of some main functions, tested and summarized the system, and planned the future work.
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Gulati, S. K., M. R. Garg, and T. W. Scott. "Rumen protected protein and fat produced from oilseeds and/or meals by formaldehyde treatment; their role in ruminant production and product quality: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 10 (2005): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04131.
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The nutritional characteristics of rumen-protected protein and fat supplements produced by formaldehyde treatment of oilseeds and meals are reviewed. The proportion of rumen undegraded protein (RUP) in different protein sources can be controlled by this process, bio-available lysine is 82–84% and the proportions of acid detergent and neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen are unchanged by formaldehyde treatment; this is in contrast to heat treatment of proteins where significant increases in these nitrogen components can occur if the RUP content exceeds 60% of the crude protein (CP). A RUP content of 75–80% of CP is optimal when using protein supplements for milk production, and for body growth in steers a lower RUP content is desirable (i.e. 50–55% of CP). Both the fat and protein constituents in rumen-protected fat supplements derived from the emulsification and formaldehyde treatment of oilseeds are highly protected from ruminal metabolism (75–90%) and are readily digested in the small intestine (90% for C18 unsaturated fatty acids, 82% for the essential amino acids). Protected fat/protein supplements are designed and fed to lactating and non-lactating ruminants to increase efficiency of production, enhance product quality, augment n-3, n-6 and n-9 fatty acid content of meat and milk, and to improve reproductive performance. The challenges and potential role for these protected fat/protein supplements in improving productivity and quality of ruminant derived foods are discussed.
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Pandit, Pallavi, and Meena Sharma. "TraceCases: A Simulator for RUP Use-case Analysis." International Journal of Computer Applications 90, no. 11 (March 26, 2014): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/15763-4449.
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O, Gi-Seong, and Seong-Yeol Ryu. "A Study on RUP based Component Quality Evaluation." KIPS Transactions:PartD 9D, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipstd.2002.9d.1.103.
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López-Lira Hinojo, Francisco José. "Agile, CMMI®, RUP®, ISO/IEC 12207..." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 39, no. 2 (March 29, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2579281.2579299.
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Eduardo de Barros Paes, Carlos, and Celso Massaki Hirata. "RUP extension for the development of secure systems." International Journal of Web Information Systems 3, no. 4 (December 20, 2007): 293–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17440080710848099.
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