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Journal articles on the topic 'Rupture prematuree'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Park, Jaechan, Wonsoo Son, Ki-Su Park, Dong-Hun Kang, and Im Hee Shin. "Intraoperative premature rupture of middle cerebral artery aneurysms: risk factors and sphenoid ridge proximation sign." Journal of Neurosurgery 125, no. 5 (2016): 1235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.10.jns151586.

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OBJECTIVE This study was an investigation of surgical cases of a ruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm that was conducted to identify the risk factors of an intraoperative premature rupture. METHODS Among 927 patients with a ruptured intracranial aneurysm who were treated over an 8-year period, the medical records of 182 consecutive patients with a ruptured MCA aneurysm were examined for cases of a premature rupture, and the risk factors were then investigated. The risk factors considered for an intraoperative premature rupture of an MCA aneurysm included the following: patient age; sex; World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies clinical grade; modified Fisher grade; presence of an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH); location of the ICH (frontal or temporal); volume of the ICH; maximum diameter of the ruptured MCA aneurysm; length of the preaneurysmal M1 segment between the carotid bifurcation and the MCA aneurysm; and a sign of sphenoid ridge proximation. The sphenoid ridge proximation sign was defined as a spatial proximation < 4 mm between the sphenoid ridge and the rupture point of the MCA aneurysm, such as a daughter sac, irregularity, or dome of the aneurysm, based on the axial source images of the brain CT angiography sequences. RESULTS A total of 11 patients (6.0%) suffered a premature rupture of the MCA aneurysm during surgery. The premature rupture occurrences were classified according to the stage of the surgery, as follows: 1) craniotomy and dural opening (n = 1); 2) aspiration or removal of the ICH (n = 1); 3) retraction of the frontal lobe (n = 1); 4) dissection of the sphenoid segment of the sylvian fissure to access the proximal vessel (n = 4); and 5) perianeurysmal dissection (n = 4). The multivariate analysis with a binary logistic regression revealed that presence of a sphenoid ridge proximation sign (p < 0.001), presence of a frontal ICH associated with the ruptured MCA aneurysm (p = 0.019), and a short preaneurysmal M1 segment (p = 0.043) were all statistically significant risk factors for a premature rupture. Plus, a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a preaneurysmal M1 segment length ≤ 13.3 mm was the best cutoff value for predicting the occurrence of a premature rupture (area under curve 0.747; sensitivity 63.64%; specificity 81.66%). CONCLUSIONS Patients exhibiting a sphenoid ridge proximation sign, the presence of a frontal ICH, and/or a short preaneurysmal M1 segment are at high risk for an intraoperative premature rupture of a MCA aneurysm. Such high-risk MCA aneurysms have a superficial location close to the arachnoid in the sphenoidal compartment of the sylvian fissure and have a rupture point directed anteriorly.
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2

Agrawal, Vinita. "Premature Rupture of Membranes-Clinico Epidemiological Perspective." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 04, no. 12 (2016): 15130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i12.134.

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3

Fitriyani, Fitriyani. "FAKTOR DETERMINAN PADA KETUBAN PECAH DINI." JURNAL MEDIA KESEHATAN 11, no. 1 (2018): 053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33088/jmk.v11i1.357.

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Every year the incidence of premature rupture of membranes ranges from 5-10% of all preterm preterm births and membranes occurring in 1% of all pregnancies.70% of cases of premature rupture of membranes occur in early pregnancy, prematurerupture of membranes is the cause of preterm birth as much as 30% (Manuaba, 2010). Atthe Derah Kepahiang General Hospital, the incidence of premature rupture of membranesis 219 cases in 2016.This research is analytical descriptive research with case controldesign. The sample in this study amounted to 138 people divided into two groups of 69cases and 69 controls. Statistical test using chi square test and binary logisticregression.Results of the study of 69 people with premature rupture of membranes atmaternal age <20 and> 35 years (46.4%), primiparity and grandemultipara parity(62.3%), fetal abnormalities (33.3%), gestational age aterm ( 63.8%) and those with ahistory of premature rupture (18.8%) in Kepahiang Hospital by 2016. Maternal age (pvalue0.013 OR = 2.646), parity (p-value 0.0,0 OR OR = 3.111) (p-value 0,0017 OR =2,950), gestational age (p-value 0,386) and history of premature rupture (p-value 0,167)at Kepahiang Hospital 2016. The most dominant factor causing premature rupture ofmembranes in RSUD Kepahiang year 2016 is parity (Exp (B) 2,806).It is expected thatthe hospital can use the research as input to suppress the incidence of premature ruptureof membranes, by counseling to explain the risk factors of premature rupture ofmembranes, especially maternal age, parity and fetal abnormalities.
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Patil, Alka, Nitin Kulkarni, Anamika Arun, Shruti Singh, and Nilay Patel. "Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Term Premature Rupture of Membrane." Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 2 (2018): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijog.2321.1636.6218.3.

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5

Kamphawi, Martha, and Seter Siziya. "Association between Human Immunodeficiency Virus and premature rupture of membranes." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 4, no. 3 (2017): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2017.4.3.35.

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6

Zilcha-Mano, Sigal. "Resolution of alliance ruptures: The special case of animal-assisted psychotherapy." Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 22, no. 1 (2016): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104516671385.

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Many therapists regard alliance ruptures as one of the greatest challenges therapists face in the therapy room. Alliance ruptures has been previously defined as breakdowns in the process of negotiation of treatment tasks and goals and a deterioration in the affective bond between patient and therapist. Alliance ruptures have been found to predict premature termination of treatment and poor treatment outcomes. But ruptures can also present important opportunities for gaining insight and awareness and for facilitating therapeutic change. A process of rupture resolution may lead to beneficial outcomes and serve as a corrective emotional experience. The article describes unique processes of alliance rupture resolution inherent in animal-assisted psychotherapy (AAP). Building on Safran and Muran’s model and on clinical examples, the article describes strategies for identifying ruptures in AAP and techniques for repairing them to facilitate a corrective experience in treatment. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
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7

Rahayu, Budi, and Ayu Novita Sari. "Studi Deskriptif Penyebab Kejadian Ketuban Pecah Dini (KPD) pada Ibu Bersalin." Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia 5, no. 2 (2017): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/jnki.2017.5(2).134-138.

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<em>Premature Rupture Membranes is a rupture of the membranes prematurely. KPD Cause not known with certainty, but nothing to do with uterine hypermotility, thin membranes, infections, multiparous, maternal age, </em>location<em> of the fetus, and previous history of premature rupture of membranes. Impact of the KPD can cause maternal or neonatal infection, hypoxia or compression of the umbilical cord, fetal deformity syndrome, increased Caesarean </em>labour<em> or normal delivery failure, and increased morbidity and maternal perinatal mortality. This study was to identify the cause of the incident picture premature rupture in women giving birth in hospitals in Yogyakarta. This study uses descriptive design quantitative used retrospective time approach. The population in this study are all mothers who have premature rupture of membranes in hospitals in Yogyakarta in obtained from medical records. Premature rupture of </em>membrane<em> in Yogyakarta Hospital there </em>are<em> 427 cases. A sampling technique that with a total sampling with 427 respondents. Analysis of the data used univariate analysis. The results that most respondents are multipara many as 245 people (57.4%), aged 20-35 years as many as 265 people (62.1%), gestational age ≥37 weeks as many as 343 people (80.3%), over </em>distensi<em> uteri as many as 410 people (96.1%), where the fetus head presentation many as 396 people (92.7). In conclusion, an overview of the causes of premature rupture events on maternal includes multipara, 20-35 years of age, gestational age ≥37 weeks, normal uterine enlargement, and the location of the fetus normal presentation.</em>
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Narea Morales, Vicky, María Del Carmen Bohórquez Apolinario, Mariuxi Mabel Castro Castro, and Kelvin Bryan Macías Guevara. "Complicaciones maternas y perinatales asociadas a la ruptura prematura de membrana, pacientes mayo–diciembre 2019." Pro Sciences: Revista de Producción, Ciencias e Investigación 4, no. 35 (2020): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29018/issn.2588-1000vol4iss35.2020pp108-116.

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El objetivo de la presente investigación fue establecer la asociación de las complicaciones maternas y neonatales con la ruptura prematura de membrana en las pacientes atendidas en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil en el periodo de mayo a diciembre 2019. Fue un estudio de diseño observacional de modalidad cuantitativa, tipo de investigación descriptiva, transversal, prospectiva, donde los resultados obtenidos fueron que la ruptura prematura de membranas se produce en el 25% de los embarazos, y el parto pretérmino ocurre en el 10% y se lo asocia directamente con los casos de prematuridad, siendo los principales factores de riesgo: la edad, insuficientes controles prenatales, antecedentes patológicos y falta de planificación familiar. Los resultados que se obtuvieron de la investigación fueron: de las 100 gestantes investigadas que presentaron complicaciones obstétricas maternas asociadas a ruptura prematura de membranas (27%) seguido de parto prolongado total (23%), ambos se evidencian en las pacientes investigadas con edad gestacional a término, corioamnionitis (12%) y parto prolongado (12%) y las complicaciones perinatales asociadas a la ruptura prematura de membranas (34%) fue prematurez, seguido de síndrome de dificultad respiratoria (29%), ambos se detectan en las pacientes que tuvieron 0-2 controles en la gestación, prematurez (15%) y síndrome de dificultad respiratoria (14%).
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9

Qomariyah, Kinanatul, and Dewi Susanti Oktavia. "Hubungan Ketuban Pecah Dini Dengan Perpanjangan Kala I Fase Aktif Di Bps Suhartatik, S.St." SAKTI BIDADARI (Satuan Bakti Bidan Untuk Negeri) 4, no. 2 (2021): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31102/bidadari.2021.4.2.58-63.

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Based on data from the International NGO Forum on Indonesia Development (INFID) in 2013, the incidence of prolongation of the first stage of the active phase in Indonesia was 5% of all causes of maternal death. In BPS Suhartatik, S.ST, in 2013 there were 63 (53.8%) mothers who gave birth experienced an extension of the first stage of the active phase, and increased in 2014 as many as 76 (61.29%) of mothers who gave birth experienced an extension of the first phase of the active phase that was wrong one of the biggest causes is premature rupture of membranes. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between premature rupture of membranes and the extension of the first stage of the active phase at BPS Suhartatik, S.ST. The design of this research is correlative analytic. Meanwhile, based on time, this study is a cross sectional study. The total population is 34 with the sampling technique using saturated sampling. The independent variable in this study is premature rupture of membranes, while the dependent variable is the extension of the first stage of the active phase. Data were collected using partograph and observation sheet. The statistical test used was chi-square. Based on the cross tabulation, most of the women who gave birth did not experience premature rupture of membranes and extended phase I of the active phase, after being analyzed using the chi-square statistical test, the results obtained were X2count (6.69)> X2table (3.841) so it could be concluded that there was a relationship between ruptured membranes. early stage with an active phase I extension at BPS Suhartatik, S.ST. Maternity women who experience prolonged phase I of the active phase due to premature rupture of membranes can be prevented by regular pregnancy checks, following pregnancy exercises, and attending posyandu every month. In addition, mothers also need to know the signs and symptoms of premature rupture of ketuban
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Penfield, Lauren, Brian Wysolmerski, Michael Mauro, et al. "Dynein pulling forces counteract lamin-mediated nuclear stability during nuclear envelope repair." Molecular Biology of the Cell 29, no. 7 (2018): 852–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0374.

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Recent work done exclusively in tissue culture cells revealed that the nuclear envelope (NE) ruptures and repairs in interphase. The duration of NE ruptures depends on lamins; however, the underlying mechanisms and relevance to in vivo events are not known. Here, we use the Caenorhabditis elegans zygote to analyze lamin’s role in NE rupture and repair in vivo. Transient NE ruptures and subsequent NE collapse are induced by weaknesses in the nuclear lamina caused by expression of an engineered hypomorphic C. elegans lamin allele. Dynein-generated forces that position nuclei enhance the severity of transient NE ruptures and cause NE collapse. Reduction of dynein forces allows the weakened lamin network to restrict nucleo–cytoplasmic mixing and support stable NE recovery. Surprisingly, the high incidence of transient NE ruptures does not contribute to embryonic lethality, which is instead correlated with stochastic chromosome scattering resulting from premature NE collapse, suggesting that C. elegans tolerates transient losses of NE compartmentalization during early embryogenesis. In sum, we demonstrate that lamin counteracts dynein forces to promote stable NE repair and prevent catastrophic NE collapse, and thus provide the first mechanistic analysis of NE rupture and repair in an organismal context.
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11

Joshi, Dr Asha, Dr Sadanand Joshi, and Dr Kunal Sadanand Joshi. "Premature Rupture of Membrane At Term!!Elective Intervention or Planned Management?? A Review." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 9 (2012): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/sep2013/101.

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12

Kadikar, Gunvant K., Mayur R. Gandhi, and Shamsudin K. Damani. "A Study of Feto-Maternal Outcome in Cases of Premature Rupture of Membrane." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 3 (2012): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/march2014/100.

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13

Orozco Bayuelo, Jaime, Guillermo Acosta Osio, Antonio Rojano Tejada, and Gustavo Rhenals D' Andrels. "Parto prematuro y factores de riesgo asociados en el Hospital Universitario Metropolitano." Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología 46, no. 3 (1995): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18597/rcog.1664.

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La finalidad del presente estudio fue determinar la incidencia de parto prematuro y factores de riesgo asociados en pacientes atendidas en el Hospital Universitario Metropolitano de Barranquilla, Colombia, durante 1993 y 1994. Se presentan resultados de 1.744 embarazos, de los que 140 fueron pretérmino para una incidencia de 8,48%.La edad materna menor de 17 años Rr: 1.4 y mayores de 31 Rr: 1.5, el 54% sólo había cursado primaria Rr: 1.9, eran nulíparas 45,7% laboraban fuera del hogar 33,6%; control prenatal inadecuado (72,15%) hábito de fumar y DPPNI Rr: 5.3, 68,6% tuvieron edad gestacional entre 34 y 36,5 semanas.La primera patología fue ruptura prematura de membranas (22,4% ), infección urinaria (12,3%) fue la segunda, preeclampsia (10,55%), anemia (45,7%). La predicción y prevención de los factores asociados es imperativo para reducir la prematurez.
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14

., Rahmawati. "FACTORS THAT ARE RELATED TO THE EVENENCE OF THE PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES IN MATERNITY MOTHER IN SAYANG HOSPITAL, CIANJUR CITY." Journal of Science Innovare 2, no. 2 (2019): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jsi.v2i2.1530.

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Premature rupture of membranes is rupture of membranes before there are signs of labor and after waiting for an hour before the start of labor. World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015 there were 303,000 women died during childbirth and as many as 20% caused by premature rupture of membranes. The incidence of maternity with premature rupture of membranes in Sayang Hospital Cianjur in 2016 was 1151 maternity with premature rupture of membranes from 6814 births while in 2017 there were 1272 births with premature rupture of 5887 births. This study aims to determine the relationship between premature rupture of membranes with age, parity, education, and history of premature rupture of membranes. Statistical test results obtained that there is a relationship between premature rupture of membranes with age with a P value = 0.008 OR value of 0.556. Statistical test results obtained that there is a relationship between premature rupture of membranes with parity with a P value = 0,000 OR value of 3.336. Statistical test results obtained that there is a relationship between premature rupture of membranes with education with a P value = 0.001 OR value of 2.431. Statistical test results obtained that there is no relationship between premature rupture of membranes with a history of premature rupture of membranes with a P value = 0.949 OR value of 2.431. It is recommended for health workers to increase their preventive efforts so that pregnant women get clear information about premature rupture of membranes and anticipate problems that can arise in labor
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Defrin, Defrin, and Rosfita Rasyid. "PERBANDINGAN ANTARA KADAR VITAMIN C PLASMA DARAH HAMIL ATERM PADA KETUBAN PECAH DINI DENGAN HAMIL ATERM TANPA KETUBAN PECAH DINI." JOURNAL OBGIN EMAS 2, no. 2 (2018): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aoj.2.2.101-108.2018.

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Premature rupture of membranes is the most common complication of pregnancy. The incidence of premature rupture of membranes in pregnancy ranged from 6% to 10%, and 20% of these cases occur before 37 weeks gestation. The incidence of premature rupture of membranes in Indonesia ranges from 4.5% to 7.6% of all pregnancies. This research was conducted to determine the cross-sectional differences in the blood plasma levels of vitamin C in term pregnancy premature rupture of membranes with blood plasma levels of vitamin C in term pregnancy without premature rupture of membranes in M. Jam- il Padang hospital, Achmad Muchtar Bukittinggi hospital, and Pariaman Hospital. There are significant differences in vitamin C blood plasma levels in term pregnancy with premature rupture of membranes and term pregnancy without premature rupture of membranes ( P < 0.05). Mean levels of vitamin C in blood plasma at term pregnancy with premature rupture of membranes lower than in the blood plasma levels of vitamin C in term pregnancy without premature rupture of membranes.Keywords: Premature rupture of membrane in aterm, blood plasma levels of vitamin C
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Monterrosa Castro, Alvaro. "Incidencia de parto pretérmino y factores de riesgo." Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología 42, no. 3 (1991): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.18597/rcog.924.

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Para determinar la incidencia y los factores de riesgo de parto pretérmino se estudiaron todas las pacientes que en 1988 tuvieron parto prematuro en el Hospital de Maternidad Rafael Calvo, Cartagena, Colombia. Igual número de pacientes con parto de término fueron colocadas como control. 10.550 partos, 9.787 de término y 763 de pretérmino, establecen una incidencia del 7.3%. La primera causa determinada fue ruptura prematura de membranas (22.9%) y la segunda, infección urinaria (13.2%). Hemorragia de segunda mitad de gestación: 14.7%, embarazo múltiple 4.7%.En adolescentes Rr = 3 y mayores de 36 años Rr = 2. El 40% de las pacientes eran primigestantes. Parto prematuro previo Rr = 2.8. Aborto previo Rr = 4.5, falta de control prenatal Rr = 8.5, hábito de fumar Rr = 2.2, actividad laboral materna Rr = 1.9. Se hace énfasis en la importancia de determinar la presencia de diversos factores de riesgo para adelantar prevención en el desencadenamiento del trabajo de parto. La prevención· éS--e! arma más importante para combatir la prematurez. (Rev Col Obstet Ginecol 1991; 42(3): 199-2017).
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López-Osma, Fernando Augusto, and Sergio Alexander Ordoñez-Sánchez. "Ruptura prematura de membranas fetales: de la fisiopatología hacia los marcadores tempranos de la enfermedad." Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología 57, no. 4 (2006): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18597/rcog.466.

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La ruptura prematura de membranas fetales se define como aquella que ocurre antes de haberse iniciado el trabajo de parto; puede ser previa a la semana 37 de gestación en cuyo caso recibe el nombre de ruptura prematura de membranas pretérmino, la cual aumenta la morbilidad y mortalidad tanto materna como perinatal. La evidencia actual sugiere que la RPM es un proceso multifactorial que puede ser afectado por factores bioquímicos, fisiológicos, patológicos y ambientales. Gracias a la identificación de las metaloproteinasas de la matríz, los inhibidores de tejido de metaloproteinasas y sus posibles mecanismos de acción se ha llegado a un mayor grado de comprensión de la fisiopatología de la enfermedad. Distintos factores han sido asociados con la ruptura prematura de membranas, siendo, hasta ahora, la infección intraamniótica la única causa reconocida de prematurez y de posible causa de ruptura prematura de membranas. Gracias a muchos estudios realizados en los últimos años, que han investigado distintos componentes fetales, maternos y de líquido amniótico que pudieran ser utilizados como marcadores tempranos, existe un futuro promisorio en la detección temprana de la misma y de sus complicaciones.
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Keren, M., N. Keren, A. Eden, S. Tsangen, A. Weizman, and G. Zalsman. "The complex Impact of Five Years of Stress Related to Life-Threatening Events on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Preliminary Retrospective Study." European Psychiatry 30, no. 2 (2015): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.10.004.

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AbstractObjective:To study the impact of chronic, life-threatening stressors in the form of daily missile attacks, for five consecutive years, on pregnancy outcomes.Method:Charts of deliveries from two neighboring towns in the south of Israel, covering the years 2000 and 2003–2008, were reviewed retrospectively. One city had been exposed to missile attacks, while the other was not. For each year, 100 charts were chosen at random.Results:Significant association was found between exposure to stress and frequency of pregnancy complications (P = 0.047) and premature membrane rupture (P = 0.029). A more detailed analysis, based on dividing the stressful years into three distinct periods: early (2003–2004), intermediate (2005–2006) and late (2007–2008), revealed that preterm deliveries were significantly more frequent (P = 0.044) during the intermediate period, as was premature membrane rupture during the late period (P = 0.014).Conclusion:Exposure to chronic life-threatening stress resulted in more pregnancy complications and in particular more premature membrane ruptures. The impact was most significant during the middle period of the 5-year-exposure to the stressor. Hence it seems that factors of duration and habituation may play a role in the impact of chronic, life-threatening stressors on pregnancy.
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Azam, Azmeena, Hafiz Maoz Husnain, and Iqra Marryum. "PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 02 (2018): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/18.4219.

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20

Harkavy, Kenneth L. "Premature rupture of membranes." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 181, no. 5 (1999): 1274–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70131-6.

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21

Ural, Sendar H., and David A. Nagey. "Premature Rupture of Membranes." Postgraduate Obstetrics & Gynecology 18, no. 19 (1998): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00256406-199818190-00001.

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Sehgal, N., M. Reys, S. Sikand, and P. Mad An. "Premature Rupture of Membranes." Journal of The Asian federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 3, no. 2 (2010): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.1972.tb00320.x.

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23

&NA;. "Premature Rupture of Membranes." Obstetric Anesthesia Digest 27, no. 4 (2007): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aoa.0000302273.85959.10.

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DUFF, PATRICK. "PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 34, no. 4 (1991): 683–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-199112000-00003.

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Azam, Azmeena, Hafiz Maoz Husnain, and Iqra Marryum. "PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 02 (2018): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.02.433.

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Background: Pre-labour rupture of the membranes is one of the most commonclinical presentations in an obstetric setting. Early diagnosis is a major challenge faced byevery obstetrician and key to effective management and prevention of complications. As aresult of PROM, amniotic fluid that provides protection to the developing fetus is lost, exposingit to the outside environment. β-hCG is a hormone secreted by syncytiotrophoblasts found inamniotic fluid that can be studied for the evaluation of PROM. Objectives: To find the DiagnosticAccuracy of β human chorionic gonadotrophin test in vaginal washings taking amniotic fluidpooling as gold standard of diagnosing PROM. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting:Unit II, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. Period: Threemonths from January 2017 to March 2017. Material and methods: Females of age 18-40 yearswith gestational age >36weeks (calculated by LMP) complaining of PV leaking were includedin the study. Samples for β-hCG measurements were taken after informed consent. A β-hCGkit (Acu-check) was used for detection of β-hCG in vaginal fluid washings of pregnant women.Results: Diagnostic accuracy of β-hCG test was 91.66%. Sensitivity and specificity of β-hCGtest was 86.66% and 96.66%. Positive predictive and negative predictive value was 96.29% and87.87% respectively. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that for diagnosis of patientshaving PROM, beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG) is a reliable, easy and quick test.
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Timokhina, Elena V., Vladimir A. Lebedev, Alina M. Karpova, Parvin F. Kurbanzade, and Mariya V. Mikheeva. "Premature rupture of the fetal membranes during premature pregnancy. Management: reality and prospects." V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 2 (2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2313-8726-2021-8-2-93-100.

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Premature rupture of the fetal membranes is a complication of pregnancy, causing premature labour and birth of a premature newborn. Premature birth rate consist of 6 to 12%. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We perform a retrospective analysis of 71 cases of patients with a premature rupture of the fetal membranes with active and expectant management and perinatal outcomes. The 1st group consisted of 19 patients with a gestation age of 2228 weeks, the 2nd group ― 52 patients with a gestation age of 2934 weeks. RESULTS: The duration of the period between rupture of membranes and delivery in patients of the first group (2228 weeks) was: up to 48 hours ― 3 patients, 48 hours 14 days ― 15 patients, more than 14 days ― 1 patient. In patients of the second group (2934 weeks), respectively: up to 48 hours ―17 patients, 48 hours 14 days ― 30 patients, more than 14 days ― 5 patients. The duration of expectant management for PRFM in premature pregnancy is determined by the duration of pregnancy, the condition of the mother of the fetus, the presence of clinical and laboratory signs of chorioamnionitis, the amount and changing of the volume of amniotic fluid. The management of prolongation preterm pregnancy led to the fact that the gestational age at the time of delivery compared to the time of hospitalization significantly increased. In the group of patients, 2228 weeks gestation, the increase averaged 6.7 days, the maximum increase was 25 days, in the group of patients 2934 weeks gestation, the increase averaged 6.8 days, the maximum increase in gestational age was 35 days. CONCLUSION: The expectant management of premature pregnancy in PRFM allows to increase the gestational age (by an average of 6.8 days), to increase the weight of the fetus, to reduce perinatal mortality, to reduce the need for prematures in mechanical ventilation by more than half, to ensure a high level of discharge of newborns home.
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Addisu, Dagne, Abenezer Melkie, and Shimeles Biru. "Prevalence of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane and Its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Admitted in Debre Tabor General Hospital, North West Ethiopia: Institutional-Based Cross-Sectional Study." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2020 (May 14, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4034680.

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Background. In Ethiopia, preterm premature rupture of membrane is defined as loss of amniotic fluid before the onset of labor in pregnancy >28 weeks of gestation but before 37 weeks. It is a significant cause of perinatal, neonatal, and maternal morbidity and mortality both in high- and low-income countries. Due to different factors associated with the quality of health care given and socioeconomic factors, the effect of preterm premature rupture of membrane is worsen in low-income countries. Little evidence is available about the problem in the study area. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of preterm premature rupture of membrane and its associated factors among pregnant women admitted in Debre Tabor General Hospital. Methods. Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 424 mothers were included in the study. Systematic random sampling was used to select study participants. A combination of chart review and interview was used to collect the data. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were computed. Result. The prevalence of preterm premature rupture of membrane was found to be 13.7%. Pregnant women with abnormal vaginal discharge (AOR = 5.30, 95% CI = 2.07–13.52), urinary tract infection (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.32–5.19), history of premature rupture of membrane (AOR = 3.31, 95% CI = 1.32–8.27), vaginal bleeding (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.14–5.82), and mid-upper arm circumference <23 cm (AOR = 6.26, 95% CI = 3.21–12.20) were associated with preterm premature rupture of membrane. Conclusions. The prevalence of preterm premature rupture of membrane was high. Abnormal vaginal discharge, urinary tract infection, vaginal bleeding, previous premature rupture of membrane, and mid-upper arm circumference <23 cm were associated with preterm premature rupture of membrane. Thus, early screening and treatment of urinary tract infections and abnormal vaginal discharges were recommended to reduce the risk of preterm premature rupture of membrane.
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Tabs, Dunja, Tihomir Vejnovic, and Nebojsa Radunovic. "Preterm and premature rupture of membranes in pregnancies after in vitro fertilization." Medical review 58, no. 7-8 (2005): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0508375t.

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Women conceiving by assisted reproduction are at higher risk for preterm and premature rupture of membranes. The aim of our study was to estimate and compare incidence of preterm premature rupture of membranes in singleton pregnancies of women who conceived by intrauterine insemination and in vitro fertilization, from 1999 to 2003. We investigated 87 women from the intrauterine insemination, and 102 from the in vitro fertilization program. There were no statistically significant differences in regard to preterm and premature rupture of membranes: p>0.75 in two groups. The incidence of premature rupture of membranes was 2.30% (after intrauterine insemination) and 2.94% (after in vitro fertilization). There was no statistically significant differences in regard to preterm and premature rupture of membranes in women who conceived by insemination and in vitro fertilization. Estimated incidence of preterm and premature rupture of membranes was similar to the literature data and also similar to incidence after natural conception.
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Imbaquingo Imbaquingo, Joba E., and Maritza L. Morales Medina. "Sepsis neonatal temprana y ruptura prematura de membranas como factor de riesgo en las UCI neonatales." Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (Quito) 42, no. 1 (2017): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29166/ciencias_medicas.v42i1.1521.

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Propósito: conocer el perfil sociodemográfico de madres con factores de riesgo que acuden al Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín, con hijos ingresados al área de neonatología por sepsis neonatal temprana, durante el periodo de enero 2013 a diciembre 2014, a fin de establecer la asociación de factores de riesgo maternos con sepsis neonatal temprana.Diseño: estudio observacional, documental.Resultados: la edad promedio fue 29 años, solteras y empleadas privadas; respecto a los factores de riesgo asociados a sepsis neonatal temprana, la ruptura prematura de membranas fue el único factor asociado con una probabilidad 3,3 veces superior de desarrollar sepsis comparado con madres sin ruptura prematura de membrana. No se estableció asociación estadística de sepsis neonatal temprana con corioamnionitis no se estableció asociación con sepsis neonatal temprana, sin embargo que todos los recién nacidos presentaron sepsis neonatal temprana si se presentó concomitantemente corioamnionitis. Con infección de vías urinarias o vaginosis no hubo asociación.Conclusión: existe asociación estadística entre sepsis neonatal temprana y ruptura prematura de membranas, observándose un 33,5% de incremento riesgo (p<0.01). La infección de vías urinarias y la vaginosis bacteriana, asociadas a ruptura prematura de membranas son considerados como factores de riesgo,pero al ser analizadas independientemente, son factores de riesgo de prematurez y no de sepsis neonatal temprana. Hijos de madres con corioamnionitis fueron catalogados potencialmente sépticos y recibieron tratamiento profiláctico, sin demostrarse asociación estadística
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Hafidah, Lailatul. "The Analysis of the Determinant Factor of Premature Rupture of Membrane on the Inpartu Mother in the IRNA 1 RSU Moh. Noer Pamekasan." JOURNAL FOR QUALITY IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2, no. 1 (2018): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/jqph.v2i1.28.

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Early Rupture of membranes is a rupture of the membranes when inpartu with opening at primipara less than 3 cm and in multiparas less than 5 cm, without depending on gestational age. Some factors which are suspected to be the cause of premature rupture of membranes are parity, history of KPD, sexual status and anemia. The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinant factor of premature rupture of membranes on the inpartu mother in the Inpatient Installation Room 1 RSU Moh. Noer Pamekasan. The type of research is quantitative research with cross sectional research design. The study was conducted on January 30 to March 15, 2018 in the Inpatient Installation Room 1 RSU Moh. Noer Pamekasan. The sample is 59 respondents taken with simple random sampling. The independent variables are parity, history of premature rupture of membranes, sexual status and anemia. Dependent variable is premature rupture of membranes. The data was analyzed by using logistic regression test with p = 0,05. The results showed that the variable X1 (parity) with p = 0.037; OR = 0,008, variable X2 (history of KPD) with p = 0,049; OR = 23.736), Variable X3 (sexual relationship status) with p = 0,064; OR = 19.770; Variable X4 (anemia) with p = 0,628; OR = 2,132. So it can be concluded that the factors which affect Y (the incidence of premature rupture of membranes) is a parity factor and history of KPD and the most dominant factor is the parity with the effect of 0.008.The high parity or parity of grandemultipara and the history of KPD to the previous labor affects the occurrence of premature rupture of membranes in the Inpatient Installation Room 1 RSU Moh.Noer. So it is necessary to do health education about the factors which affect the occurrence of premature rupture of membranes to prevent premature rupture of membranes recurring at the next labor
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Agarwal, Dr Mohini. "Outcome of Term Pregnancies with Premature Rupture of Membranes in Whom Labour was Induced with Oralmisoprostol." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 04, no. 11 (2016): 13589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i11.11.

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Bukhoeri, Ahmad, Syarief Thaufik Hidayat, Ediwibowo Ambari, Julian Dewantiningrum, Putri Sekar Wiyati, and Besari Adi Pramono. "Differences of Ampicillin and Cefazolin Effects in Reducing hs-CRP Level in Premature Rupture of Membranes." Diponegoro International Medical Journal 2, no. 1 (2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dimj.v2i1.8428.

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Background: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a rupture of amniotic sac before delivery. PROM is associated with an increased incidence of preterm labor and infection. The use of prophylactic antibiotic may reduce the risks of infection. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is an acute-phase reactant protein that is associated with PROM. How much effect of prophylactic antibiotic to hs-CRP level remains unclear.Objective: To compare the reduction in hs-CRP levels in premature rupture of membranes before and after given ampicillin or cefazolin.Methods: The design of this study was true experimental design (pre and post-test) conducted at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Medical Center Semarang and Kartini General Hospital Jepara from September 2019 to January 2020. Study samples are pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes that came to the Emergency Department and Maternity Ward Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Medical Center Semarang and Kartini General Hospital Jepara. Samples were divided into two groups, a group treated with ampicillin and the other with cefazolin therapy. All samples were subjected to a hs-CRP examination. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon.Results: There are no significant differences in the age variable (28.8 ± 6.54 vs 29.1 ± 5.93), gestational age (36.3 ± 2.55 vs 36.3 ± 2.90), and parity (2,2 ± 0.99 vs 2.47 ± 1.19) in the ampicillin and cefazolin groups (p> 0.05). In this study, 37.1% patients have a history of PROM while 62.9%. had no history of PROM. Reduction in hs-CRP levels after administration of ampicillin and cefazolin was significant (4.4 ± 2.65 mg/L vs 6.3 ± 4.43 mg/L, respectively, p = 0.03). The difference in the decrease in hs-CRP levels before and after given ampicillin and cefazolin was significant (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: There is a decrease in hs-CRP levels after the administration of ampicillin or cefazolin in PROM, whereas cefazolin induced higher reduction in hs-CRP levels. Ampicillin can still be used as a first-line prophylactic antibiotic in primary healthcare facilities.
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Rahayu, Budi. "HUBUNGAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR USIA IBU, PARITAS, UMUR KEHAMILAN, DAN OVER DISTENSI DENGAN KEJADIAN KETUBAN PECAH DINI DI RUMAH SAKIT YOGYAKARTA." MEDIA ILMU KESEHATAN 7, no. 2 (2019): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30989/mik.v7i2.233.

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Background: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM)is a rupture of membranes before any signs of labor and awaited before the labor occurs. The problem of PROM is a major obstetric issue, because the impact of PROM is an infection in the maternal and ends in an increased incidence of cesarean section due to a failed normal childbirth and neonatal. Factors that causePROMitself is not known for certain, but if we know earlier about the predisposing factors of PROM preventive efforts will be more helpful and reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: Relationship of maternal age, parity, gestational age, and over distention with incidence of premature rupture of membranes in Yogyakarta Hospital. Research Of Method: This research uses retrospective study approach with data focus case control approach. The case population in this research is all maternal mothers who experience premature rupture of membranes in RSUD Yogyakarta in 2017 obtained from medical record. Sampling technique is by total sampling with the number of 427 respondents. Data analysis used is bivariate analysis. Result: Parity has nothing to do with the incidence of premature rupture of membranes due to the value of p value 0.142> 0.05, with the OR value of 0.814. Age of pregnant women has nothing to do with the incidence of premature rupture of membranes because the value of p value 0.671> 0.05, with the value of OR 1.062. Age pregnancy has nothing to do with the incidence of premature rupture of membranes because the value of p value 0.288> 0.05, with OR 1,207 nialai. Uterine overdistesi has nothing to do with the incidence of premature rupture of membranes due to the p value of 0.571> 0.05, with the value of OR 1.240. Conclusion: There is no relationship between maternal age, parity, gestational age, and overdistence with premature rupture of membranes in Yogyakarta Hospital. Keywords: Maternal age, Parity, Age of Pregnancy, Overdistence, and premature rupture of membranes (PROM)
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Rahayu, Budi. "HUBUNGAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR USIA IBU, PARITAS, UMUR KEHAMILAN, DAN OVER DISTENSI DENGAN KEJADIAN KETUBAN PECAH DINI DI RUMAH SAKIT YOGYAKARTA." Media Ilmu Kesehatan 7, no. 2 (2018): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30989/mik.v7i2.282.

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Background: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM)is a rupture of membranes before any signs of labor and awaited before the labor occurs. The problem of PROM is a major obstetric issue, because the impact of PROM is an infection in the maternal and ends in an increased incidence of cesarean section due to a failed normal childbirth and neonatal. Factors that causePROMitself is not known for certain, but if we know earlier about the predisposing factors of PROM preventive efforts will be more helpful and reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.Objective: Relationship of maternal age, parity, gestational age, and over distention with incidence of premature rupture of membranes in Yogyakarta Hospital.Research Of Method: This research uses retrospective study approach with data focus case control approach. The case population in this research is all maternal mothers who experience premature rupture of membranes in RSUD Yogyakarta in 2017 obtained from medical record. Sampling technique is by total sampling with the number of 427 respondents. Data analysis used is bivariate analysis.Result: Parity has nothing to do with the incidence of premature rupture of membranes due to the value of p value 0.142> 0.05, with the OR value of 0.814. Age of pregnant women has nothing to do with the incidence of premature rupture of membranes because the value of p value 0.671> 0.05, with the value of OR 1.062. Age pregnancy has nothing to do with the incidence of premature rupture of membranes because the value of p value 0.288> 0.05, with OR 1,207 nialai. Uterine overdistesi has nothing to do with the incidence of premature rupture of membranes due to the p value of 0.571> 0.05, with the value of OR 1.240. Conclusion: There is no relationship between maternal age, parity, gestational age, and overdistence with premature rupture of membranes in Yogyakarta Hospital. Keywords: Maternal age, Parity, Age of Pregnancy, Overdistence, and premature rupture of membranes (PROM)
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Lestari, Dwi Anggun. "Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Ketuban Pecah Dini Pada Kehamilan Trimester III di Puskesmas Silo Kabupaten Jember." MEDICAL JURNAL OF AL QODIRI 5, no. 1 (2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.52264/jurnal_stikesalqodiri.v5i1.31.

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Premature rupture of membranes is rupture of membranes in pregnant women before any sign of labor. The direct cause of maternal death in Indonesia is 27% due to premature rupture of membranes which can ultimately lead to complications in puerperium. Based on the 2017 Riskesdas data, the Maternal Mortality Rate was 348 per 100,000 live births in 2015. In 2018 Jember district has a higher maternal mortality rate than the province. In 2018 at the Silo Health Center in Jember District, there were 239 cases of premature rupture of membranes in pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to study and explain the description of the incidence of premature rupture of membranes in pregnant women. The research design used is case control through a retrospective approach. The population in this study were 275 third trimester pregnant women with 153 mothers experiencing premature rupture of membranes and 122 who did not experience premature rupture of membranes. The sample size in this study was 122 cases and 122 controls. The control sample was taken by simple random sampling. Data collection was performed using medical records. The analysis of this study used univariate, bivariate using Chi Square (X²) and multivariate with Simple Logistic Regression test. In this study, the variables that influence the occurrence of premature rupture of membranes are age, occupation, parity, multiple pregnancy, fetal abnormalities, birth spacing and history of KPD with p value <0.05. The most dominant variable on the occurrence of premature rupture of membranes is the history of KPD with OR = 40.137: 95% CI and p value 0.000 so that different proportions of cases and controls are significant in the sense that there is a significant influence between the history of KPD on the incidence of premature rupture of membranes. So it is expected for third trimester pregnant women to be more diligent in doing ANC (Antenatal Care) in the next pregnancy.
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Lestariningsih, Yanu Yufita. "Hubungan Ketuban Pecah dengan Kejadian Asfiksia Neonatorum di RSUD Kabupaten Kediri Tahun 2016." Jurnal Kebidanan Midwiferia 3, no. 2 (2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/mid.v3i2.1467.

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Premature rupture of membranerevolves 5-10% from all birth. Impact a birth premature that espoused broken fetal membrane early causess 12-15% asphyxia neonatorum. The purpose of the study to determine the correlation between premature rupture of membrane with the incidence of asphyxia neonatorum. The research method used is analytic with retrospective cohort approach with independent variable of premature rupture of membrane, dependent variable asphyxia neonatorum. The study was conducted on 7 June to 12 July 2017. The population of 1519 mothers inregional public hospital of Kediri regency 2016. Sample 139 respondents, taken by simple random sampling, was analyzed by Chi Square test with a significant of 0.05. Result of research most of respondent with rupture of membrane counted 46 respondents, almost all respondents that is 82.6% gave birth baby with asphyxia. From result of Chi Square test obtained by result of p-value equal to 0.000 (<0.05), result of coefficient of contingency (C) equal to 0.639 with closeness strong relation, so H1 received H0 rejected which means there is significant relation with closeness strong between premature rupture of membrane with asphyxia neonatorum inregional public hospital of Kediri regency 2016. Relative Risk (RR) 1.65 which means the possibility of a baby experiencing asphyxia neonatorum of 1.65 times in maternal who experience premature rupture of membranes compared to mothers who did not experience premature rupture of membranes.
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37

Torné, Ramon, Ana Rodríguez-Hernández, and Michael T. Lawton. "Intraoperative arteriovenous malformation rupture: causes, management techniques, outcomes, and the effect of neurosurgeon experience." Neurosurgical Focus 37, no. 3 (2014): E12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.6.focus14218.

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Object Intraoperative rupture can transform an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) resection. Blood suffuses the field and visualization is lost; suction must clear the field and the hand holding the suction device is immobilized; the resection stalls while hemostasis is being reestablished; the cause and site of the bleeding may be unclear; bleeding may force technical errors and morbidity from chasing the source into eloquent white matter; and AVM bleeding can be so brisk that it overwhelms the neurosurgeon. The authors reviewed their experience with this dangerous complication to examine its causes, management, and outcomes. Methods From a cohort of 591 patients with AVMs treated surgically during a 15-year period, 32 patients (5%) experienced intraoperative AVM rupture. Their prospective data and medical records were reviewed. Results Intraoperative AVM rupture was not correlated with presenting hemorrhage, but had a slightly higher incidence infratentorially (7%) than supratentorially (5%). Rupture was due to arterial bleeding in 18 patients (56%), premature occlusion of a major draining vein in 10 (31%), and nidal penetration in 4 (13%). In 14 cases (44%), bleeding control was abandoned and the AVM was removed immediately (“commando resection”). The incidence of intraoperative rupture was highest during the initial 5-year period (9%) and dropped to 3% and 4% in the second and third 5-year periods, respectively. Ruptures due to premature venous occlusion and nidal penetration diminished with experience, whereas those due to arterial bleeding remained steady. Despite intraoperative rupture, 90% of AVMs were completely resected initially and all of them ultimately. Intraoperative rupture negatively impacted outcome, with significantly higher final modified Rankin Scale scores (mean 2.8) than in the overall cohort (mean 1.5; p < 0.001). Conclusions Intraoperative AVM rupture is an uncommon complication caused by pathological arterial anatomy and by technical mistakes in judging the dissection distance from the AVM margin and in mishandling or misinterpreting the draining veins. The decrease in intraoperative rupture rate over time suggests the existence of a learning curve. In contrast, intraoperative rupture due to arterial bleeding reflects the difficulty with dysplastic feeding vessels and deep perforator anatomy rather than neurosurgeon experience. The results demonstrate that intraoperative AVM rupture negatively impacts patient outcome, and that skills in managing this catastrophe are critical.
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Murakoshi, Takeshi. "“En Caul” Cesarean Delivery for Extremely Premature Fetuses: Surgical Technique and Anesthetic Options." Surgery Journal 06, S 02 (2020): S104—S109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712927.

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AbstractThe risks and technical difficulties at the cesarean delivery for extremely premature infant under 1,000g are as follows: (1) a premature infant is very weak for pressure of uterine wall or human hands, (2) skin of infant is really premature and weak, (3) uterine wall is thick and difficult to incise at lower segment of uterus, (4) classical vertical incision or reverse T-shape incision are at risk for future uterine rupture, and (5) at the timing of rupture of membrane, uterine wall may contract drastically and the infant is trapped the uterine wall, so called “hug-me-tight-uterus”.To resolve the problems, we use the technique of “En Caul” cesarean delivery with nitroglycerin. Intravenous injection of nitroglycerin just before uterine incision made the rapid and sufficient relaxation of uterine muscle. After getting adequate uterine relaxation, U- or J-shaped incision is made to lower segment of the uterus; however, we never incise the membrane before the infant was delivered. The baby is delivered with wrapped amniotic fluid and the membrane, which protect the infant against the pressure of uterine wall or surgeon’s hands. The infant is gently handled to neonatologist by “En Caul” with the placenta. Neonatologist can make the membrane ruptured and resuscitation. Own blood transfusion can be made through the umbilical cord and placenta, if the infant was anemic or hypovolemic.
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39

Myles, Thomas D., Rosemary Espinoza, William Meyer, and Andre Bieniarz. "Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes." Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 6, no. 3 (1997): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14767059709161977.

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40

Chien, Edward, and Brian M. Mercer. "Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes." Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 47, no. 4 (2020): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8545(20)30081-4.

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41

Gibson, Kelly S., and Kerri Brackney. "Periviable Premature Rupture of Membranes." Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 47, no. 4 (2020): 633–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ogc.2020.08.007.

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42

Philipson, Elliot H., Deborah S. Hoffman, Gwendolyn O. Hansen, and Charles J. Ingardia. "Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 50, no. 6 (1995): 415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199506000-00003.

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43

Hay, P. E., D. Taylor-Robinson, R. F. Lamont, et al. "Preterm premature rupture of membranes." Lancet 347, no. 8995 (1996): 203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90390-6.

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44

Mazzoni, Sara, and Elaine Stickrath. "Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes." Postgraduate Obstetrics & Gynecology 33, no. 1 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pgo.0000426662.44057.e1.

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45

&NA;. "Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes." Postgraduate Obstetrics & Gynecology 33, no. 1 (2013): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pgo.0000426663.21186.f5.

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46

Beischer, Norman A. "Premature Rupture of the Membranes." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 32, no. 1 (1992): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.1992.tb01890.x.

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47

DUFF, PATRICK. "PREMATURE RUPTURE OF THE MEMBRANES." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 41, no. 4 (1998): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-199812000-00003.

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48

&NA;. "Premature Rupture of the Membranes." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 41, no. 4 (1998): 892–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-199812000-00013.

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49

Tsakiridis, Ioannis, Apostolos Mamopoulos, Eleni-Markella Chalkia-Prapa, Apostolos Athanasiadis, and Themistoklis Dagklis. "Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 73, no. 6 (2018): 368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ogx.0000000000000567.

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50

Matteson, Joelle J., Patrick S. Ramsey, Cynthia G. Brumfield, and Waldemar Carlo. "Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes." Obstetrics & Gynecology 99, Supplement (2002): 74S—75S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006250-200204001-00166.

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