Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rural and urban areas

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Rural and urban areas'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Rural and urban areas"

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Pateman, Tim. "Rural and urban areas: comparing lives using rural/urban classifications." Regional Trends 43, no. 1 (June 2011): 11–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/rt.2011.2.

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BEZERRA, Josue Alencar, and Cicero Nilton Moreira SILVA. "BETWEEN RURAL AND THE INNER URBAN AREAS." Mercator 17, no. 09 (September 15, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4215/rm2018.e17019.

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Miranda, Lívia Izabel Bezerra de. "Planejamento em áreas de transição rural-urbana: velhas novidades em novos territórios." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 11, no. 1 (May 31, 2009): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2009v11n1p25.

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Desvendar processos espaciais e possibilidades de planejamento em áreas de transição rural-urbana é o objetivo deste trabalho. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que, embora essas áreas não tenham sido historicamente o foco central do planejamento urbano, expressam hoje forte convergência de interesses, processos e conflitos socioeconômicos, territoriais e ambientais. Portanto, não é possível promover a ocupação e o uso sustentável e socialmente justo de todo o território municipal, como define o Estatuto da Cidade (Lei nº 10.257/01), se não há descritores técnicos e instrumentos urbanísticos capazes de garantir efetivas possibilidades de planejamento nas áreas de transição rural-urbana. Pôde-se constatar que, apesar dos recentes avanços legais/institucionais no campo da reforma urbana, ainda há muitas limitações no que diz respeito ao enfrentamento dos graves problemas decorrentes do processo histórico de uso e ocupação do território, espraiado, incompleto, especulativo, e o seu consequente planejamento. Palavras-chave: planejamento urbano; política urbana; transição urbano-rural. Abstract: To investigate spatial processes and city planning possibilities for the rural-urban transition areas is the objective in this paper. Was anticipated that even if these areas have not been, historically, centered by urban planning focus, they express, currently, a strong convergence of interests, processes and conflicts on social-economic, territorial and environmental issues. So, it’s not possible to promote a sustainable and socially just occupation and land use of the whole municipality area – as it is defined by the Estatuto da Cidade (“City Statute”, a 2001 Brazilian Federal Law) – if we do not have urban policy instruments that could actually guarantee urban planning possibilities for the rural-urban transition areas. Was evident that although the recent legal and institutional advances for the Urban Reform ideals in Brazil, it stills many difficulties to face the serious problems that come from an historical process of spread, incomplete and speculative land use and occupation, and its consequent planning issues. Keywords: urban planning; urban policy; urban-rural transition.
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Shinoda, Sumio. "Partnership between Urban and Rural Areas." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 9, no. 5 (2004): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.9.5_56.

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Yang, Huan, and Pei Zhang. "The Space Model of Urban_Rural Integration in Sparsely Populated Areas - Taking ETuoKeQianQi as an Example." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.115.

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The reasonable structure of urban_ rural space is an important way to achieve the integration of urban and rural areas, so this paper researched the space model of urban and rural areas ,aiming to find the suitable spatial structure in sparsely populated areas .First, the paper expounded the concept of the rural and urban spatial structure , studied the relationship between urban_rural areas and its development stages, based on this, this paper used the induce deduction, experience learning and case analysis methods to construct the spatial patterns of urban _rural integration in sparsely populated areas, and finally taking ETuoKeQianQi for example to demonstrate this model.
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SELELO, Mohale Ernest, Ngoako Johannes MOKOELE, and Pearl Thobeka MNISI. "Repatriation of the Brain Drain to Brain Gain Dichotomy from Urban Areas to Rural Areas: Decentralizing Development." International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science 4, no. 6 (November 30, 2023): 1755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v4i6.739.

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The development stagnation or lack thereof of rural areas in South Africa is fast becoming unprecedented because of the loss of much human capital to urban areas. Therefore, the paper aims to conceptualize and analyze the implications of the brain drain in rural areas. The central argument of this paper is that the unprecedented relocation of youthful and educated human capital from rural to urban areas perpetuates underdevelopment in these areas. This shift of skilled and educated population can be noted as brain drain and with the antagonist arguing that it is brain gain in urban areas. Consequently, rural areas experienced depopulation, which did not spark interest in investment toward development. In that, the proliferation of underdevelopment facets in rural areas can be attributed to the loss of losing human capital from people with skills, knowledge, expertise, abilities, and capabilities migrating from rural to urban areas. Therefore, most rural areas need more capacitated people to enhance their socioeconomic conditions. This conceptual paper adopts a literature-based methodology to assess and critique the repatriation of the brain drain from urban areas to rural areas and decentralize development to benefit people in rural areas. It finds that rural areas still need to be developed due to brain drain (loss of human capital) and rural-urban migration. It recommends that people with the necessary skills, knowledge, and experience return to the communities to decentralize and reindustrialize rural areas for better living standards.
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Cruz-Bello, Gustavo Manuel, José Mauricio Galeana-Pizaña, and Salomón González-Arellano. "Urban growth in peri-urban, rural and urban areas: Mexico City." Buildings and Cities 4, no. 1 (2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/bc.230.

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Foster, Sheila R., and Clayton P. Gillette. "Can micropolitan areas bridge the urban-rural divide?" Theoretical Inquiries in Law 24, no. 2 (July 1, 2023): 93–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/til-2023-0017.

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Abstract In this Article, we explore a subset of the urban-rural divide and propose a mechanism for reducing its economic and political effects within that limited realm. Specifically, we focus on the subset of rural areas that lie within what the Office of Management and Budget defines as micropolitan areas. Micropolitan areas are characterized by an urban area with a population between 10,000 and 50,000, and adjacent rural counties. Data suggest that rural areas within micropolitan regions do better economically than rural areas unconnected to urban areas, though not as well as the principal city within the micropolitan area. If the objective is to reduce the economic, and perhaps also the political, divide between urban and rural areas, then micropolitan areas may represent low-hanging fruit for redress. This Article argues that micropolitan areas are an important window into understanding the relationship between urban and rural economies, explores the characteristics of those areas that are likely to generate economic success, and recommends policies that would capture those benefits. Additionally, we speculate that increased opportunities for economic interaction between the urban and rural parts of micropolitan areas could also address the political aspects of the urban-rural divide. Recognizing the complexity of the relationship between urban and rural economies, we identify various obstacles to realizing the kinds of interlocal cooperation that we believe are necessary to reduce the economic and political divide within micropolitan areas. We conclude with suggestions for a research agenda to remedy the underdeveloped study of micropolitan areas.
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Smith, A. J., and R. Ramana. "Mental health in rural areas: experience in south Cambridgeshire." Psychiatric Bulletin 22, no. 5 (May 1998): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.22.5.280.

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Mental health morbidity is perceived as being predominantly urban based. Little is known about the health of the UK's rural residents. This paper summarises existing knowledge of rural health and social indicators. There is a relative dearth of information in this area making the application of urban-based (and biased) factors perhaps unreliable. Some rural areas have levels of deprivation similar to urban areas, even using urban-biased factors, though they encounter specific problems of service provision and accessibility. Currently, there seems to be no valid method of measuring rural deprivation and comparing it with urban deprivation. We highlight this inequality by describing discrepancies in day care provision between urban and rural areas.
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Levin, Aaron. "Abused Substances Differ in Rural, Urban Areas." Psychiatric News 47, no. 18 (September 21, 2012): 6b—26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.47.18.psychnews_47_18_6-b.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rural and urban areas"

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Cueto, Santiago, Enrique Jacoby, and Ernesto Pollitt. "Children's achievement in rural and urban areas of Peru." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/102688.

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This paper presents the results on four tests of students from fourth and fifth grade of eight urban and rural elementary schools. Four of the schools were located in rural Huaraz, two were urban public schools (one in Huaraz and one in Lima), one was a parochial school and one was a privare school (these last two in Lima). The tests measured cognitive processes (coding from the WISC-R) and achievement (reading comprehension, vocabulary and arithmetic). The results favored urban over rural students. Among the urban, the highest scores were for the students of the privare and parochial schools. Girls scored significandy less than men in sorne of the rural schools. Overall, more than gender differences, the results showed a significandy poorer performance for the rural students.
Este artículo presenta los resultados en cuatro pruebas de alumnos de cuarto y quinto grado de cuatro escuelas rurales de Huaraz, una escuela estatal de Huaraz, una escuela estatal de una zona urbanomarginal al sur de Lima, una escuela parroquial de Lima y una escuela privada de Lima. Las pruebas fueron de códigos, aritmética, comprensión de lectura y vocabulario. Los puntajes más altos fueron alcanzados por los alumnos de la escuela privada y parroquial y los más bajos por los de escuelas rurales. Analizando las diferencias por sexo, las diferencias se dieron en algunas escuelas rurales y mostraron ventaja para los hombres. En general, más que diferencias de género, los resultados mostraron la pobreza en el rendimiento de los alumnos rurales frente a los urbanos.
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Lee, Chien-Ti. "Taiwanese Adolescent Psychosocial Development in Urban and Rural Areas." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/613.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate Taiwanese adolescent psychosocial development (i.e., autonomy and identity development) based on psychosocial theoretical models developed in western societies. Data were collected from both public senior high and vocational high schools in both urban and rural areas in Taiwan. Adolescent participants, with an average age of 17 years old, included 447 (about 54% were females) from urban areas, and 702 (62% were females) from rural areas. The results of this study revealed that Taiwanese adolescents from both urban and rural areas were similar to adolescent developmental ranges suggested in western theories. There were a few variations revealed in this study, such as scores of internal consistency, average scores of each scale, associations among indicators, and the numbers of youth classified of certain developmental status. In general, the relationships between factors and adolescent psychosocial developmental outcomes did not moderate by regional differences. Identity development of Taiwanese youth from both areas was more likely to be predicted by both situational (e.g., family income and school type) and agential factors (e.g., collectivism, parent attachment, and resiliency) than Taiwanese adolescent cognitive, emotional, and behavioral autonomy. Higher family income level and greater resiliency scores were positively associated with high autonomy and/or achieved identity status. Strong beliefs in collectivism and secure attachments with parents did not significantly correlate with autonomy but did correlate with foreclosure identity status. Across the analysis models in this study, resiliency was the strongest factor which was associated with high autonomous status and identity achievement. Implications and further recommendations for research and practical uses were further discussed.
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QIN, KE. "The Different Consumption Between Rural and Urban Areas in China." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5926.

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Since the reform and opening up in 1978, China’s economy began to grow at a high speed for thirty years. In 2007, the GDP of China was 24952.99 billion RMB, which was the fourth one in the world. However, under these achievement, China’s economy was still face with some problems, such as the different consumption between rural and urban areas.

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Elfving, Gustav, and Emil Jansson. "Modelling extensive solar power production in urban and rural areas." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets fysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325004.

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Renewable energy sources, in form of solar power, is a growing source of energy. Not only at an industry level but also at a commercial level. Grid-connected, building-applied solar power has increased rapidly and as the implementation of solar energy grows, so does the importance of being able to evaluate locations that are of interest of installations with respect to its potential production and its impact on the electrical grid. In this thesis the energy production for different future scenarios is modelled for BAPV (Building Applied Photovoltaics) in Uppsala and Herrljunga. This is done by using calculation and simulation programs called MATLAB and ArcGIS. The results regarding Uppsala, are used in a report by BEESG (Built Environment Energy Systems Group) at Uppsala University to the Swedish energy agency. The grid impact of installing extensive solar power as concentrated and dispersed in Herrljunga are simulated and evaluated. Both authors has during the process been equally involved in all parts of the thesis in order to get a thorough understanding of the project as a whole. This due to the fact that the different parts of the thesis were dependent of each other (the second part could not be finished until the first were completed etc).
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Schubert, Taryn. "Food security in rural and urban areas of Ayacucho, Peru." Connect to resource, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/37053.

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Burkart, Katrin. "Bioclimate and health in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16386.

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Klima und Wetter üben einen tief greifenden Einfluss auf die menschliche Gesundheit aus. Die prognostizierten Folgen des Klimawandels haben Forschung auf diesem Gebiet in den Mittelpunkt des wissenschaftlichen Interesses gerückt. Bis zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt konnten verschiedene Studien einen Zusammenhang zwischen atmosphärischen Zuständen und Mortalität aufzeigen. Jedoch bezieht sich der Großteil dieser Forschung auf die Industrieländer der Mittelbreiten und Erkenntnisse aus solchen Arbeiten erlauben nur wenige Schlussfolgerungen über die Beziehung zwischen Atmosphäre und Gesundheit in tropischen Entwicklungsländern. Das vorrangige Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, das Verständnis über atmosphärische Einflüsse auf Sterblichkeit in Bangladesch, einem tropischen Land mit niedrigen sozioökonomischen Standards und starken Urbanisierungsprozessen, zu erweitern. Zentralen Bestandteil der Arbeit bilden umfangreiche Analysen zu atmosphärischen Einflüssen auf Mortalität mittels verschiedener Generalisierter Linearer und Additiver Modelle. Im Allgemeinen zeigt die Studie einen starken Zusammenhang zwischen atmosphärischen Zuständen und Mortalität auf. Mittel- bis langfristige saisonale Effekte ebenso wie unmittelbarere kurz- bis mittelfristige thermische Effekte wurden verdeutlicht. Trotz des tropischen Klimas wurde eine ausgeprägte Übersterblichkeit im Winter und bei niedrigen Temperaturen beobachtet. Dennoch wurde in einigen Fällen ein sekundäres Sommermaximum und ein Anstieg der Mortalität bei erhöhten Temperaturen gefunden. Insbesondere Gesamt- und kardiovaskuläre Mortaliät in Städten zeigte einen starken und lang andauernden Anstieg in Folge von Hitze. Ebenso waren Bevölkerungsgruppen über 65 Jahren stark von hitzebedingter Mortalität betroffen. Intensiven Urbanisierungstendenzen, die Alterung der Gesellschaft, die Zunahme kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen sowie der Anstieg der Temperatur in Folge des Klimawandels legen nahe, dass schädlichen Hitzeeffekte in Zukunft zunehmen werden.
Climate and weather have profound effects on human health. With the projected consequences of climate change, research on the health-atmosphere relationship has increasingly been brought into the focus of scientific attention. To date, several studies have established a relationship between atmospheric short- or long -term conditions and human mortality. Nevertheless, the majority of scientific evidence refers to industrialised countries located in the mid-latitudes. The insights gained from these studies permit few conclusions to be drawn about the atmosphere-health relationship in tropical developing countries. The primary objective of this thesis was to advance our understanding of atmospheric effects on mortality in Bangladesh, a tropical country with low socio-economic status and strong urbanisation processes. An extensive analysis of atmospheric short- and long-term effects on mortality was conducted using various generalised linear and additive models. Generally, this thesis revealed a strong association between atmospheric conditions and mortality. Mid- to long-term seasonal effects were demonstrated as well as more immediate short- to mid-term thermal effects. Despite the tropical climate associated with constantly high temperatures, a strong dominance of winter and cold-related excess mortality was observed. Nevertheless, a secondary summer maximum and an increase in mortality with elevated temperatures were observed for several strata. In particular, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in urban areas was found to be subject to intense and long-lasting heat effects. Likewise, the elderly population above 65 years was subject to heat-related mortality. Given the strong urbanisation trends, the ageing of populations, the increase in cardiovascular diseases, and the projected consequences of climate change adverse heat effects are likely to become more prevalent in Bangladesh and other developing countries.
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Younes, Bassem Mohammed. "The effectiveness of new road schemes in urban areas." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46623.

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Haller, Lance. "Healthcare expenditures in rural and urban areas: explanations for the differences." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/885.

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Lee, William Kei Leung. "Population and labor movement between urban and rural areas of China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36585.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1995.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-95).
by William Kei Leung, Lee.
M.Eng.
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Ozdirek, Sibel. "Changing Relationship Between Urban And Rural: The Observed Features Of New Rurality In Rural Areas." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613460/index.pdf.

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The new changes such as developments in transportation and communication technology, globalization of markets, intensification of flow of information, ideas and innovations since the 1980s have helped to increase the interaction between urban and rural and this process have had very important impact on the resemblance process of rural areas to urban areas with some characteristics, vice versa. Therefore the process have had an effect on the blurring strict distinction between urban and rural in worldwide. The new rurality approach has been main approach in the thesis that has tried to explain the new features of rural areas. It has focused on what has been happenning in rural areas and drawn attention to changes in rural areas which was previously ignored or overemphasized. The approach took five main changing features of rural areas as central focus which were non-farm activities, role of women, entrepreneurship, in-migration, division of labour and also urban-rural interaction. Therefore, the observed changes caused to draw attention to the question of is rural still the opposite of urban? In this respect, the effects of the increased relationships between urban and rural on rural areas in terms of getting new characteristics that new rurality approach explained were investigated by handling two case studies
Gedelek and Kusç
uali Villages in Turkey.
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Books on the topic "Rural and urban areas"

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Division, United Nations Dept of Economic and Social Affairs Population. Urban and rural areas 2003. New York: United Nations, 2004.

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United Nations. Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division. Urban and rural areas 2001. New York: United Nations, 2002.

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Division, United Nations Population, ed. Urban and rural areas, 1994. New York, N.Y: United Nations, Dept. for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Population Division, 1995.

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Urban and rural areas, 2009. New York: Population Division, Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, 2010.

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K, Willits Fern, Crider Donald M, Luloff A. E, Pennsylvania State University, and Center for Rural Pennsylvania, eds. Urban perceptions of rural areas. Harrisburg, Pa: Center for Rural Pennsylvania, 1994.

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Canada, Statistics, ed. Profile of urban and rural areas. Ottawa: Statistics Canada = Statistique Canada, 1993.

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Canada, Statistics, ed. Profile of urban and rural areas. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1993.

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Canada, Statistics, ed. Profile of urban and rural areas. Ottawa: Statistics Canada = Statistique Canada, 1994.

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GREAT BRITAIN. Office of population censuses and surveys. Key statistics ; Urban and rural areas: Prospectus. [s.l.]: Office ofPopulation Censuses and Surveys, 1992.

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J, Boyle P., and Halfacree Keith, eds. Migration into rural areas: Theories and issues. Chichester, UK: Wiley, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rural and urban areas"

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Deller, Steven C., and Tessa Conroy. "Regional Economic Trends Across the Rural-Urban Divide." In Rural Areas in Transition, 19–44. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003280620-2.

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Huebner, Cynthia D., David J. Nowak, Richard V. Pouyat, and Allison R. Bodine. "Nonnative Invasive Plants: Maintaining Biotic and Socioeconomic Integrity along the Urban-Rural-Natural Area Gradient." In Urban-Rural Interfaces, 71–98. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Crop Science Society of America, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/2012.urban-rural.c5.

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Fernandes, Ana Matos. "The Rurality Reinvention Discourse: Urban Demands, Expectations and Representations in the Construction of an Urban Rurality Project." In Shaping Rural Areas in Europe, 213–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6796-6_14.

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De Fano, Giovanna, and Giovanni Grittani. "Evaluating Functions in Urban-Rural Areas." In The GeoJournal Library, 209–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5462-8_15.

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Duvernoy, Isabelle, and Christophe-Toussaint Soulard. "Smart Agriculture, grassroots initiatives and urban food governance." In Smart Development for Rural Areas, 179–96. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020. | Series: Regions and cities ; 143: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429354670-11.

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Rivera, María Jesús. "Translating Ex-Urban Dwellers’ Rural Representations into Residential Practices and Rural Futures." In Shaping Rural Areas in Europe, 25–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6796-6_3.

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Pereiro, Xerardo, and Santiago Prado. "Cross-Cultural Perceptions and Discourses Between Rural and Urban in Galicia." In Shaping Rural Areas in Europe, 227–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6796-6_15.

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Lawshe, Nathaniel L., and Gregory M. Zimmerman. "Policing Homicide in Urban and Rural Areas." In Routledge Handbook of Homicide Studies, 599–620. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003399476-30.

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Binns, Tony, and Etienne Nel. "Urban Agriculture in Zambia." In Rural Areas Between Regional Needs and Global Challenges, 227–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04393-3_13.

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Ceccato, Vania, and Jonatan Abraham. "Safety Perceptions in Rural Areas." In SpringerBriefs in Criminology, 77–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98290-4_5.

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AbstractIn this chapter, we adopt the overarching concept of “safety” to bring together the meaning of fear (of crime) and overall anxiety, as documented in the international literature and as expressed by those living in areas on the rural-urban continuum. Surveys and interviews of crime victims are often the basis for this type of research. Although victimization is influenced by gender and other individual characteristics, research has shown that it is the intersection of individual characteristics and other situational circunstances that determines an individual’s vulnerability to crime and fear of crime.
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Conference papers on the topic "Rural and urban areas"

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WOJEWÓDZKA-WIEWIÓRSKA, Agnieszka. "STRUCTURAL DIMENSION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IN POLAND. URBAN VERSUS RURAL AREAS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.126.

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The article refers the issues of structural capital in Poland, measured by the number of the organization and an indicator of the number of organizations per 10 thousand inhabitants. Deliberations for this component of social capital were conducted at the regional level (NUTS 2). Spatial disparities and the differences between urban and rural areas in 2005–2014 were determined. Data source was a Local Data Bank prepared by Central Statistical Office of Poland. It was a clear regional differences in terms of the activity of foundations and social organizations. In all voivodeships saw an increase in the number of foundations and associations per 10 thousand inhabitants in the analyzed period, both in urban and in rural areas. In rural areas the increase was much greater than in the towns. In comparison with rural areas, a higher level of the structural social capital was observed in towns.
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Prudente, Letícia Thurmann. "Interface rural-urbana no planejamento territorial: caso do Assentamento Rural Marapicú na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6229.

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O território contemporâneo é complexo e repleto de conflitos entre diferentes agentes produtores de espaço, principalmente em espaços de interface rural-urbana. Os conceitos de rural e urbano foram historicamente construídos a través de definições que priorizaram o urbano e desconsideraram o rural, promovendo uma visão urbano-centrada no planejamento territorial no Brasil. Oartigo objetiva analisar o papel de um assentamento rural como um espaço de interface rural-urbana dentro de uma região metropolitana brasileira, usando como estudo de caso o Assentamento Marapicú, localizado no periurbano da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. São apresentadas algumas questões conceituais e descrito o processo de ocupação e de planejamento desse território.São múltiplas as facetas do rural, do urbano e suas interfaces, contudo ainda há uma visão homogeneizada de território no Brasil. A proposta é ampliar este debate, explicitando os conflitos de uso e ocupação do solo na produção do espaço. The contemporary territory is complex and full of conflicts between different agents producing space, mainly in areas of rural-urban interface. The rural and urban concepts were historically constructed through settings that prioritized the urban space and disregarded rural space, promoting an urban-centric view in territorial planning in Brazil. This study analyzes the role of a rural settlement as a rural-urban interface space within a Brazilian metropolitan region, using as a case study the settlement Marapicú, located in the peri-urbans paces of the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro. Some conceptual issues are presented and described the process of occupation and planning that territory. There are multiple facets of rural, urban and their interfaces, however there is still a homogenized view of territory in Brazil. The proposal is to extend this debate, explaining conflicts of use and occupation in the production of space.
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Szczepanska, Agnieszka, Monika Wasilewicz-Pszczółkowska, Iwona Krzywnicka, and Adam Senetra. "Transformation of Rural Areas with High Urban Impact: the Example of the Largest Cities in the Warmia and Mazury Region." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.121.

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The paper discusses rural transformations resulting from urban influences. The analyzed area consists of rural municipalities (the smallest administrative units in Poland) in the immediate vicinity of Olsztyn, Elblag and Ełk – the largest cities in Warmia and Mazury. The type and rate of social and spatial changes in rural areas with high urban impact were analyzed. The following issues have been addressed: – a comparison between demographic changes in rural municipalities neighboring on urban centres and demographic changes in the city, – changes in the land use structure of rural municipalities neighboring on urban centers, with particular emphasis on open and protected spaces, – architectural changes in the analyzed suburban areas, – landscape changes in the analyzed suburban areas.
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JAROSZ-ANGOWSKA, Aneta, Marek ANGOWSKI, and Tomasz KIJEK. "THE CREATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IN RURAL AREAS IN THE LUBELSKIE REGION." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.098.

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Social capital is one of the pillars of sustainable development of rural areas because the modern village needs educated and enterprising people and communities that can adapt quickly to changes and cooperate. The main aim of this article is to evaluate the different components of social capital and attempt to answer the question whether social capital in the rural areas of the Lubelskie Voivodeship differs from the social capital in the urban areas of the region. First, the study quotes the main definitions of social capital by J. Coleman, R. Putnam and F. Fukuyama, and next, separates its components for analysis. The analysis of such components as trust, friendship, cooperation, engagement in activities for the benefit of local community, participation in organisations, obtaining information and the level of communication, participation in elections and the assessment of democracy made it possible to conclude that, in principle, there are no significant differences between social capital in rural and urban areas of the Lubelskie Region, which can be explained by the fact that rural areas are losing its traditional agricultural character, and the mixing of population – the rural population flows into urban areas and the urban population settles in the countryside. The evaluation was conducted on the basis of questionnaire research commissioned by the Marshal Office in Lublin, and carried out on a sample of 1100 residents of the Lubelskie Voivodeship.
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Angowski, Marek, Aneta JAROSZ-ANGOWSKA, and Marcin LIPOWSKI. "COMPARISON OF COMPUTERISATION AND INNOVATION ACTIVITY OF THE COMPANIES IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.097.

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Over the last years, the economic and social structure of enterprises has undergone some important changes, especially because of the introduction of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). ICT is one of the fundamental elements driving the innovation and competitiveness of business activities which greatly influences the development of rural areas, both in economic and social terms. This publication focuses on the analysis and evaluation of the use of ICTs by enterprises in the Lubelskie Voivodeship with particular emphasis on rural areas. In the publication the authors use statistical analyses based on information from surveys conducted among entrepreneurs by the Marshal Office of the Lubelskie Voivodeship. The paper evaluates the following issues: the degree of computerisation of the company, the use of information technology in the company, the activity of the company on the Internet. The main objective of this study is to identify the relationship between the degree of computerisation and the company's innovation-oriented activities and to identify differences between companies located in urban and rural areas. The studies carried out have demonstrated that the differences in the computerisation of enterprises located in rural and urban areas are negligible and that there is a close relationship between the degree of computerisation and innovation in enterprises located in rural areas.
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PILECKA, Jovita, Inga GRINFELDE, Inga STRAUPE, and Oskars PURMALIS. "THE ANTHROPOGENIC AIR POLLUTION SOURCE IDENTIFICATION IN URBAN AREAS USING SNOW SAMPLING." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.180.

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The anthropogenic sources of air pollution such as transport, energetics, household heating and industry generate different trace element footprint. The urban planning is one of tool to reduce air pollution with trace elements. The aim of this study is to identify air pollution sources in Jelgava city using trace elements. The snow sampling were collected during January and February 2017. The January snow samples characterise average Jelgava city air pollution. However, February characterises intensive tourism impact on total air quality of Jelgava city. The snow samples were analysed using inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (ICP-OES). The data analysis consists of three stages. First, data verification and development of waste burning; burning of oil and fossil materials; wastewater treatment and utilisation of sewage sludge; transport; metal industry and fireworks typical pollution trace element data sets. Second, the cluster analysis of each data set, by developing three groups of pollution level for each pollution source. Third the results of clusters were analysed using GIS, and the areas with different air pollution risks were identified. The results show strong evidence of transport and household impact on air quality.
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Timens, R. B., F. J. K. Buesink, and F. B. J. Leferink. "Voltage quality in urban and rural areas." In 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC 2012. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isemc.2012.6351670.

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URBONIENĖ, Jūratė, and Indrė KOVERIENĖ. "A COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFI-CIENCY AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF CURRENT UNDERGRAD-UATE STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GENERATION Z: RURAL VERSUS URBAN STUDENTS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.159.

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Understanding the audience is the key to successful communication. Therefore, an effective teacher has to consider manifold differences among the students in any given classroom: the characteristics of the students, the mindset of the generation, the variety of learning styles, the students’ needs and goals, and their educational background. Since Aleksandras Stulginskis University (ASU) awards the degrees in food sciences and agriculture, a sizeable part of the students come to study from rural areas. Recent educational research in the USA, UK and Lithuania have revealed a significant difference in the academic performance of the students from rural and urban areas, however, it is still an unresolved problem for the educational institutions in Lithuania. This area has an insubstantial amount of research documented. Thus, the current research aims at investigating the relationship between the location of the school, a student graduated from, and the results of the English Language Diagnostic Test as well as analysing the academic performance of the Agronomy Faculty students through the 2nd, 3rd and 4th semesters. The study focuses on our current undergraduate students - the always-connected, app-happy, smartphone-dependent, born with the Internet, technology, and social media Generation Z. The research methods involve the statistical and comparative analyses of the urban and rural student academic performance (diagnostic test results, examination grades of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th semesters) in the English language; the theoretical assumptions based on the related scientific literature and documents on educational statistics, and the investigation of motivational factors influencing the academic performance of the Generation Z students in line with the processed survey results. The research was initiated in 2015, student academic performance was monitored through the period from 2015 to 2017, and the survey was administered in 2017. The research findings indicate that students from rural schools have an inferior level of the English language compared to the students that finished schools in urban areas, whereas the examination results through the second, third and fourth semesters unveiled an unexpected tendency. Figures show that students from rural schools not only managed to catch up with their colleagues from urban schools, but also outperformed their urban-school peers by roughly increasing rates of their performance. The research evidence could aid teachers and education policy makers, providing a better understanding of Generation Z students from rural and urban areas and factors influencing students' performance.
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Qi, Huimin. "Analysis on Integration Path of Urban and Rural Industries Based on Economic Data Model. A Case Study of Strategy Planning of Taiyuan Rural Revitalization." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/jubr5968.

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In the background of ongoing urbanization in China and prominent “dualistic” contradiction between urban and rural areas, rural revitalization is extremely urgent. Currently, common problems concerning industry, ecology and humanities exist in rural areas. This paper attempts to figure out the causes for differences in industrial development in rural areas on the basis of macro data analysis and industrial spatial distribution. Given the lack of quantitative analysis of the relationship between urban and rural development and industrial structure, this paper adopts SPSS statistical software to conduct regression analysis on the statistical data of Taiyuan City in the past ten years. Based on the relationship between industrial proportion and urban-rural income ratio, this paper proposes how the adjustment of urban industrial structure promotes the industrial development in surrounding rural areas and the narrowing of urban-rural income gap. From the perspective of rural industry undertaking or complementation with urban industry, this paper then puts forward the idea of undertaking the transfer industry within the scope of ensuring the aggregation effect of the city center and the carrying capacity of the ecological environment, proposing an industrial development path from agriculture to processing industry and then to culture, tourism and recreation industry for the villages in Taiyuan.
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Galvão, Roberta Fontan Pereira. "Entre o rural e o urbano: limites e cartografia." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Maestría en Planeación Urbana y Regional. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5994.

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O estudo do processo de urbanização “metropolitano” pressupõe refletir sobre a incorporação de áreas rurais a áreas urbanas e suas consequentes transformações econômicas, sociais e territoriais. A pesquisa relacionada a este artigo2 aborda transformações decorrentes da expansão urbana sobre áreas rurais. Busca-se caracterizar o desenvolvimento da urbanização ao avançar sobre áreas rurais “metropolitanizadas”, identificando no tempo e no espaço as transformações ocorridas nos limites das regiões metropolitanas e aglomerações urbanas que integram a Macrometrópole Paulista3. Parte-se da hipótese de que há gradual complementaridade econômica, funcional e territorial entre áreas rurais e urbanas em geral. Este artigo tenta esboçar uma proposta metodológica para a cartografia usada na tese mencionada. Buscase identificar e mensurar as dimensões do rural e do urbano na recém-definida Macrometrópole Paulista. Parte-se de conceitos usados por pesquisadores na definição dessas duas “categorias do território”, de abordagens adotadas no Brasil (IBGE), e parâmetros e definições usadas por órgãos internacionais. The study of urbanization "metropolitan" process envolves thinking about the incorporation of rural areas by urban areas and the consequents economic, social and territorial transformations. The research related to this article is interested in changes resulting from urban expansion into rural areas. We seek to characterize the development of urbanization in rural areas calls "metropolitanizadas" identifying, in time and space, the changes that occur in metropolitan areas and conurbations that integrate Macrometropolis Paulista. We hypothesized that there is gradual economic, territorial and functional complementarity between rural and urban areas in general. This article is an attempt to define a methodology for mapping used in the mentioned thesis. Seeks to identify and measure the dimensions of rural and urban in the defined Macrometropolis Paulista. Use concepts from researchers in the definition of these two "categories of the territory" of approaches adopted in Brazil, and parameters and definitions used by international agencies.
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Reports on the topic "Rural and urban areas"

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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Employment and livelihoods: Connecting Africa’s rural and urban areas for rural revitalization. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896293502_04.

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Thomas, Kelsey L., Elizabeth A. Dobis, and David A. McGranahan. nature of the rural-urban mortality gap. Washington, D.C.: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2024.8321813.ers.

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The 2019 age-adjusted natural-cause mortality (NCM) rate for the prime working-age population (aged 25-54) was 43 percent higher in rural (nonmetropolitan) areas than in urban (metropolitan) areas. This is a shift from 25 years ago when NCM rates in urban and rural areas were similar for this age group. As a first step to understanding the increasing gap between rural and urban NCM rates, this report examines natural (disease-related) deaths for prime working-age adults in rural and urban areas between 1999 and 2019 using data from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiology Research (WONDER). Prime working-age NCM rates are examined for the population as a whole, as well as by sex, race and ethnicity, region, and State. Overall, both an increase in the rural, prime working-age NCM rates and a decrease in the corresponding urban rates are contributing to the growing mortality gap.--
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Thomas, Kelsey L., Elizabeth A. Dobis, and David A. McGranahan. nature of the rural-urban mortality gap. Washington, D.C.: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2024/8321813.ers.

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The 2019 age-adjusted natural-cause mortality (NCM) rate for the prime working-age population (aged 25-54) was 43 percent higher in rural (nonmetropolitan) areas than in urban (metropolitan) areas. This is a shift from 25 years ago when NCM rates in urban and rural areas were similar for this age group. As a first step to understanding the increasing gap between rural and urban NCM rates, this report examines natural (disease-related) deaths for prime working-age adults in rural and urban areas between 1999 and 2019 using data from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control's Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiology Research (WONDER). Prime working-age NCM rates are examined for the population as a whole, as well as by sex, race and ethnicity, region, and State. Overall, both an increase in the rural, prime working-age NCM rates and a decrease in the corresponding urban rates are contributing to the growing mortality gap.--
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Busso, Matías, Juan Pablo Chauvin, and Nicolás Herrera L. Rural-Urban Migration at High Urbanization Levels. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002904.

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This study assesses the empirical relevance of the Harris-Todaro model at high levels of urbanization a feature that characterizes an increasing number of developing countries, which were largely rural when the model was created 50 years ago. Using data from Brazil, the paper compares observed and model-based predictions of the equilibrium urban employment rate of 449 cities and the rural regions that are the historic sources of their migrant populations. Little support is found in the data for the most basic version of the model. However, extensions that incorporate labor informality and housing markets have much better empirical traction. Harris-Todaro equilibrium relationships are relatively stronger among workers with primary but no high school education, and those relationships are more frequently found under certain conditions: when cities are relatively larger; and when associated rural areas are closer to the magnet city and populated to a greater degree by young adults, who are most likely to migrate.
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Griffin, Keith. Rural Poverty in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012215.

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The fact that most poor people in Latin America live in urban areas had implied that poverty in the region is regarded as largely an urban phenomenon. However, this document exposes what available data suggest: that rural poverty still is significant in many Latin American countries.
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Cha, Amy, and Robin cohen. Urban-rural Differences in Dental Care Use Among Adults Aged 18–64. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:106856.

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Data from the National Health Interview Survey • In 2019, 65.5% of adults aged 18−64 had a dental visit in the past 12 months. • The percentage of adults who had a dental visit was higher among those residing in urban areas (66.7%) than those in rural areas (57.6%). • In both urban and rural areas, women were more likely than men to have had a dental visit in the past 12 months. • In urban areas, non-Hispanic white adults (70.2%) were more likely than Hispanic (59.4%) and non-Hispanic black (61.8%) adults to have • a dental visit. In rural areas, non-Hispanic white adults (59.1%) were more likely than Hispanic adults (45.7%) to have a dental visit. • The percentage of adults who had a dental visit increased as family income, as a percentage of the federal poverty level, increased in both urban and rural areas. Suggested citation: Cha AE, Cohen RA. Urban-rural differences in dental care use among adults aged 18−64. NCHS Data Brief, no 412.
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Curtin, Sally, and Melonie Heron. COVID-19 death rates in urban and rural areas: United States, 2020. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:121523.

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This report presents COVID-19 death rates for rural and urban areas in 2020, for males and females in total, and for people under age 65 and those aged 65 and over. Rates are presented for the six categories of urbanicity according to the decedent’s county of residence.
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Curtin, Sally, and Merianne Rose Spencer. Trends in Death Rates in Urban and Rural Areas: United States, 1999–2019. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:109049.

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Alkire, Sabina, Mihika Chatterje, Adriana Conconi, Suman Seth, and Ana Vaz. Poverty in Rural and Urban Areas: Direct Comparisons Using the Global MPI 2014. University of Oxford, June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii020.

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Cothron, Annaliese, Hayam Megally, and Don Clermont. Improving the Oral Health of Rural Veterans. Edited by Chelsea Chokas, Eric Tranby, Rebecca Preston, Lisa Heaton, Paige Martin, Tammy Barlet, Carrie Cochran-McClain, Grace Linn, and Kristina Lusk. American Institute of Dental Public Health, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.58677/wuxl5666.

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After completing active duty, nearly one-fourth of veterans, or about 4.7 million people, reside in rural areas. Generally, veterans are more highly concentrated in rural areas, with 8.5% residing in non-metropolitan areas versus 6.8% residing in urban areas nationally. Given that geographic barriers often exacerbate inequities in care, and that veterans with service-connected disabilities may have multiple comorbidities, it is essential to understand the challenges faced by rural veterans.
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