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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rural and urban communities'
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1
Ripplinger, David. "Organizing Transit in Small Urban and Rural Communities." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26729.
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The justification of government support of rural transit on the basis of the presence of increasing returns to scale and the most efficient regional organization of transit is investigated. Returns to density, size, and scope at most levels of output were found. Cost subadditivity, where a monopoly firm can provide service at a lower cost than two firms, was found for many, but not all observations. The presence of natural monopoly in rural transit in a strict sense is rejected. The findings and implications are directly applicable to rural transit in North Dakota and should be helpful in informing future federal policy as well as rural transit policy, service design, and operation in other states.
2
Gretak, Alyssa P., and Jill D. Stinson. "Examining Domestic Violence Patterns in Rural and Urban Tennessee Communities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7935.
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Stanley, Lois A. 1961. "Community asset building in rural development : an analysis of military-base redevelopment in rural host communities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8518.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-164).
This dissertation is about opportunities in rural development. Often we think of development as a function of location. In the pursuit of economic development, analysts and practitioners tend to consider the advantages--economic, geographic, and institutional--of one location over another. Rural areas often weigh in toward the bottom of such analyses because they enjoy few of the traditional, i.e., location-dependent, resources for development. The general question underlying this dissertation is: How do rural communities find opportunities for economic development without the traditional resources to serve as stimuli? Local responses to air force bases closures during the 1990s are examined, first, through a comparative analysis between the groups of six rural and 26 metropolitan host communities of closed bases and, second, through case studies of four host communities--three rural and one metropolitan. Principle findings included:
(cont.) *Surprisingly, the rural host communities achieved success in base redevelopment comparable to metropolitan host communities despite significant economic, geographic, and institutional gaps between the two groups in the study. *Residents mobilized in response to base-closure crises in every community. Through participation in base reuse planning activities, residents grew knowledgeable in base-related issues that, ultimately, aided redevelopment and compensated for the lack of more formal local development expertise. *Host communities capitalized upon much-needed development assets they derived from federal resources--grants, technical assistance, and base property. *By the end of the study period, the rural host communities, in particular, had improved their capacity to plan and manage future development through the accumulation and capitalization of assets derived from local and federal resources in base redevelopment.
by Lois A. Stanley.
Ph.D.
4
Nayden, Brooke A. "TTranquilo Sanlucar: Discrepancies Between Rural and Urban Communities in Francoist Spain." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/620.
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Franco’s dictatorship remains a divisive issue within Spain. The contemporary debate rages on: mass graves are still being discovered and Spaniards continue to fight for and against historical memory laws that promote “forgetting” as a means of coping with the tumultuous past. This thesis is centered on oral history collected in the major city of Seville and the comparatively insignificant beach town of Sanlúcar de Barrameda. While only an hour apart by car, these Andalusian municipalities experienced the Spanish Civil War and the postwar period quite differently. The voices of a few express the reality of many in this thesis which combines oral history, archival research, and the intriguing world of scholarship on Franco’s Spain. The rural nature and ignored classes that largely made up Sanlúcar in contrast with the urban Seville indicate the drastically different, and in many cases, harsher experience of agricultural Andalusia.
5
Avey, Jaedon P. "Discharge planning from urban psychiatric facilities to rural communities using telehealth." Thesis, University of Alaska Anchorage, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3619191.
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Coordinating care is of particular concern in Alaska due to expansive geography, difficulty of travel, and often limited behavioral health care resources. This study explored how individual, organizational, and systemic factors influence clinicians' use of video teleconferencing to conduct "live" discharge plans from urban psychiatric facilities to rural communities.
Semi-structured key informant interviews were conducted, in person and by telephone, with urban clinical staff (n = 10), urban administrative staff (n = 6), and rural outpatient staff (n = 14). Two researchers analyzed the transcribed interviews in a recursive manner using a grounded theory methodology.
Participants described infrequent, but generally positive experiences with live discharge planning: connecting patients to providers, temporarily joining treatment teams, evaluating patients for appropriate placement, engaging patients in their own care, addressing medication issues, and coordinating with family and village resources. Providers recommended hiring interns or dedicated staff, installing equipment "on unit," or using wireless tablets. Rural participants ascribed a greater value to emergency psychiatric consultations at admissions than coordination at discharge.
Continued selective use of live discharge plans is indicated with patient length of stay being an important consideration in determining feasibility. Future implementation should involve dedicated resources and use video teleconferencing to formally enhance other transitional services. Once issues of organizational readiness are addressed, a Knowledge-Attitudes-Behavior framework may be useful for managing providers' underuse. Future research could evaluate rural, village-based intensive case management supported by consultation with the psychiatric hospital via video teleconferencing.
6
Sitton, Jennifer. "The Effects of Forestry Regulations on Rural Communities and the Urban-Rural Divide in Oregon." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1069.
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This senior thesis is a study of federal forestry policy in Oregon and its effects on rural communities and the urban-rural division in the state. Looking specifically at the “Timber Wars” of the early 1990s, it delves deeper into the controversy over the protection of the northern spotted owl, the Northwest Forest Plan, and President Clinton’s efforts to solve the conflict between grassroots environmental activists and those with a vested interest in the timber industry. It also analyzes the federal timber payment system created by Congress to solve the problems for rural communities caused by forestry regulations. Lastly, it looks at the divisions between urban Oregonians and rural Oregonians on all issues, including environmental policy, in order to understand why Oregon is so divided and how this issue and conflict can be used as an example of a greater national conflict and recent trends of urban rural division across the country.
7
Nessa, Jamalun. "Epidemiological immunochemistry of Helicobacter pylori in Jessore, Bangladesh." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.344091.
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Lau, Oi-ha Joanne. "Planning for the urban-rural fringe areas of Hong Kong : case study of Wo Yi Hop Village /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23427036.
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Stuart, Kerri S. "Occupational sex stereotyping among sixth-grade children from rural and urban communities." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/MQ37822.pdf.
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Nahar, Vinayak K., Meagen Rosenthal, Stephenie C. Lemon, Kevin Kane, Jie Cheng, Jessica L. Oleski, Wenjun Li, Joel J. Hillhouse, and Sherry L. Pagoto. "Youth Access to Indoor Tanning Salons in Urban Versus Rural/Suburban Communities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/phpp.12364.
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Background/Purpose: Research suggests that youth proximity to tanning salons may promote use; however, little is known about tanning salon proximity to schools. We assessed the proximity of tanning salons to schools in urban versus rural/suburban communities across Worcester County, Massachusetts (population > 800K). To put findings in context, we compared school proximity to tanning salons to school proximity to McDonald's restaurants, a large franchise that also caters to young people.
Materials & Methods: Accessibility was measured by ArcGIS 10.2 Network Analyzer (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA) and the most current road network data layer from Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT).
Results: A total of 145 schools were observed in the study area, of which about 39% of schools were within 1 mile from a tanning salon. Urban schools (53.41%) had a higher proportion within 1 mile of a tanning salon than rural/suburban schools (17.54%; P < .001). More schools (39.31%) were within 1 mile of a tanning salon than schools within 1 mile of a McDonald's (22.70%; P < .001).
Conclusions: Schools may be particularly impactful for implementing skin cancer prevention programing.
11
Lemon, Mark. "Perceptual congruence and change : non-urban communities and land-use planning." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1991. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11092.
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The planning and management of change has tended to be directed towards the achievement of end states. Adaptive procedures are generally undertaken when it is felt that these end states will not be reached and intervention is necessary. This intervention is usually determined by the technical and organizational criteria of the management system. This thesis argues, using the land-use planning system as a central example, that such an approach to change management fails to acknowledge the diversity of the process. Two points are considered to be fundamental to this argument. Firstly, that diversity is the generator of change, and not merely an inconvenient constraint upon its management Secondly, change follows multi-dimensional pathways (through time, across space, and between themes), that do not conform to technical, linear. management criteria. Failure to recognise these points inevitably hinders the ability of management systems to adapt to the uncertainty of the environment for which they have assumed responsibility. One measure of this failure is the mis-match between the agenda set by the managers of change, and that which is desired by the consumers of the process. The thesis supports the need for integrated management systems that are cognizant of, and driven by, the variety which is identified within the consumer agenda. The field work for the study considers ways of identifying the nature and extent of this variety. It will be argued that individuals interpret, negotiate, and effect change interactively with the wider social system. This interaction combines with the social and physical environments encountered by individuals in their daily lives, to define a 'sense of place'. A multi-method approach is developed which uses the demographic attributes of the . study village as bench marks that will allow comparison with other localities, and place it on an urban - rural continuum. This quantitative data also provides a means by which the variety of qualitative data can be assessed, and upon which provisional classifications about how particular groupings respond to change can be based. An interview and questionnaire instrument will be introduced. This will enable respondents to construct their own cognitive pathways of how changes which are pertinent to the local environment have evolve~. These pathways are then compared with the criteria Identified In land-use planning documentation, and the level of congruence between the two examined.
12
Bergeron, Insiyah Mohammad. "Delinking economic development and mass incarceration : imagining new futures for rural communities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111260.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2017.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 71-75).
Until recently, prisons were considered an economic development strategy particularly in rural communities struggling with the loss of manufacturing jobs. However, many studies have shown that prisons often have weak linkages to the host community, and sometimes have negligible or even negative impacts on rural economies. A combination of factors including changing sentencing laws, inadequate conditions in older facilities, fiscal conservatism, and increasing reliance on community based alternatives to incarceration are now leading to prison closures all around the country. In this changing context, this thesis explores: (i) What are the real and perceived impacts of prison closures on local economies in small rural counties?; and (ii) Where communities are redeveloping old prisons to boost their economies, how are local needs, politics, and project constraints (related to design and finance) shaping the transformation of these sites? By focusing on two cases where former prisons are being reused for community and economic development, this thesis explores how rural communities might transition to new ways of employing people and generating wealth after a local prison closes.
by Insiyah Mohammad Bergeron.
M.C.P.
13
Rivers, James. "Improving the usability and accessibility in aging rural communities: rural policy for innovation in an aging community." Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17748.
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Master of Regional and Community PlanningDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Katherine Nesse
Most adults have grown accustomed to the current design orientation of their communities; however, as adults grow older they will be hard pressed to maintain their current lifestyle and level of activity in their community. This research identifies the importance of incorporating accessibility and usability elements into the streetscape of a community to encourage the integration of seniors into community life. One of the four pillars of the Main Street approach is design. This encompasses the design of building facades, streetscapes, and public spaces. This research looks at the Kansas Main Street program and investigates its success in furthering usability and accessibility of streetscapes in rural communities experiencing an aging population and infrastructure. My thesis is if the Main Street organizations of Kansas were concerned about the access and use of streetscapes for elderly populations, their concern would be expressed in development plans and practices through their Main Street program undertakings. Through this research, I have found that while rural communities see the value in accessible streetscapes their primary barrier to creating them is a financial one.
14
Zhang, G. "From simple communities to complex neighbourhoods : an analysis of change in urban and rural communities in Ningbo, China." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3004808/.
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During the past three decades, China has experienced tremendous changes in urbanization, from 18% in 1980 to 52% in 2014, resulting in a net increase of over 400 million in the urban population (Zhejiang Statistical Bureau, 2015). In this transition process, China’s cities have also been undergoing a series of difficulties and challenges, including the declining downtown, environment deterioration, social imbalance, urban poverty, housing shortage, social stratification, land shortage and an aging society. Changes at the community level can be seen as the response to urban and rural social and institutional changes. This is because the residential community is not only the focus of daily life and social activities, but also produces profound and comprehensive interaction with city re-structuring and growth (See Chapter one and two). As a result, studies of the detailed characteristics of urban changes at community-level have become the crucial perspective for understanding the internal logic of urban changes, whether they be social, economic or administrative. Therefore, the research aim is "To analyse the characteristics of socio-economic changes at the neighbourhood level in Ningbo from the 1980s to the 2010s, to clarify the mechanisms of neighborhood changes in transitional China for supporting better development". The thesis draws upon an evidence base comprising personal observation, completed questionnaires from 156 residents (locals, students and migrants), and interviews of 120 local residents, migrants, members of Community Committee and Village Committee, civil servants and researchers, together with evidence drawn from Ningbo Yearbook, the 2010 census, and statistical data from Ningbo Statistical Bureau. Based on the appraisal framework designed by means of a literature review of sustainable development and community studies, from the perspective of local residents and migrant workers, it analysed the characteristics of social, economic and administrative changes at the neighbourhood level from three cases of the downtown, urban fringe and suburb of Ningbo from the 1980s to the 2010s. The final part of this research summarized the general characteristics of communities and neighbourhood changes in transitional China, and discussed the mechanisms of the changes from the perspective of institutional changes and urbanization, as well as the motivations of migrants’ social mobility. The research found that the market mechanisms and power involved in social and economic changes are the main causes of community and neighbourhood change in transitional China. However, this does not mean governments totally withdrawing from the process, but their role has changed from the “manipulation of power” to being the “mediation of the stakeholders’ conflicts” and “encouraging participation”. Therefore, it can be called the “dual-track approach”, with everything happening gradually as part of a process of reform, initiated and directed by the state.
15
Ou, Jinghua. "Urbanisation and rural-urban migration : evidence from Chongqing in the period 2001 to 2011." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14330/.
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Following the launch of the 'Develop the West' strategy in 2000, western China has undergone huge changes. Chongqing has been at the leading edge of this wave of development and its model of economic reform is particularly interesting and has also attracted public attention. This study aims to answer a series of unexplored questions about Chongqing's urbanisation and rural-urban migration. The first empirical chapter (Chapter 4) derives a simultaneous equation model from the standard theoretical framework of wage growth to estimate the determinants of wage growth of urban workers of various industries and the effects of openness. Data for 38 industries in Chongqing over the past 11 years is grouped into four sets of panel data in terms of different magnitudes of openness. The data shows that the increase in the demand for labourers is positively related to the wage' growth of urban workers. Openness, captured by industry's utilisation or non-utilisation of FDI, impels industrial sectors to use automation techniques more efficiently. The effect of productivity on wages in the group of industries which do utilise FDI is more than twice that of those in the group of industries which do not. Moreover, this chapter has not found enough empirical evidence to support the theory that the building of new cities benefits urban wage growth. The second empirical chapter (Chapter 5) examines the impacts of dynamic localisation and urbanisation externalities on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in three sectors at the county level between 2001 and 2008, by using panel model estimates based on a modified production function. The results show that the all-industry category localisation externalities' elasticity to productivity is significantly negative and that urbanisation externalities are insignificant. The implication is that the specialisation in Chongqing is no longer able to afford the high growth of economic development; thus, the so called 'Chongqing model' lacks sufficient economic basis. The third empirical chapter (Chapter 6) is based on an in-person survey of 102 households and l38 respondents carried out by the author in 2009. The chapter assesses the determinants of transferring behaviour of the rural-urban migrant workers by using Probit and OLS estimations. A number of conclusions can be drawn from the results. For instance, income in rural areas is crucial to migrant decision-making as to whether to accept urban hukou, and manufacturing and construction workers do not receive more wages than others. The survey results suggest that the quality of Chongqing's large urban population accumulation is still at a low level.
16
Mabry, Challen Marie. "Professional Counselors Self-Perceived Multicultural Counseling Competency Practicing in Rural, Suburban, and Urban Communities." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89365.
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The purpose of this study was to examine counselor's self- perceived multicultural counseling competency (MCC) between counselors working in rural, suburban and urban communities across the Commonwealth of Virginia. The study compared professional counselors' perceptions of their own multicultural counseling competence based on the counselor's geographic area of origin, current geographic practice setting, and counselors' intersections of identities to better understand counselor MCC as it relates to cultural diversity. Sample data was collected through professional counseling organizations in Virginia. Participants completed a demographic survey as well as the Multicultural Awareness Knowledge Skills Survey-Counselor Edition-Revised (MAKSS-CE-R) to measure self-perceived MCC. Results indicate that there was no difference in self-perceived MCC among professional counselors in Virginia based on their practice location or area of origin (i.e. hometown). However, counselor's identified race/ethnicity were predictor's of self-perceived MCC. Findings suggest that training programs may be providing adequate opportunities for counselors to develop MCC. Allowing innovative approaches through technology, consultation, and adherence to the ACA Code of Ethics (2014) could be sufficient in counselor MCC regardless of geographic practice location.Doctor of Philosophy
The purpose of this study was to understand how counselors in Virginia perceived their cultural competence. The researcher examined how counselors rated their own cultural competence in relation to the geographic location in which they grew up, currently work, as well as general demographic characteristics, to better understand counselors’ competence when working with diverse peoples. Participants completed a demographic survey as well as the Multicultural Awareness Knowledge Skills Survey-Counselor Edition-Revised (MAKSS-CE-R), which measures counselor cultural competence. Results indicate that there was no difference in perceived cultural competence among professional counselors in Virginia based on the geographic area where they worked or grew up. However, counselors who identified as a racial/ethnic minority also perceived themselves as having greater cultural competency. Findings suggest that training programs may be providing adequate opportunities for counselors to develop cultural competence. Allowing creative approaches through technology, consultation, and implementation of counselor’s professional codes of ethics could be enough for counselors to feel competent when working with diverse peoples, regardless geographic practice location.
17
Morrison, Judith A. (Judith Anne). "What works in rural Afro-Brazilian communities? : impressions of successful government and non-governmental interventions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68783.
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Sullivan, Ronald William. "Understanding and accommodating turnaround growth in nonmetropolitan communities." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9882.
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Lin, Xiaodong. "Rural men in urban China : masculinity and identity formation of male peasant workers." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1082/.
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This thesis explores male peasant workers’ identity formation in contemporary post-Mao China. It is a qualitative study of 28 male peasant workers. Adopting an interpretivist perspective, this thesis uses a multi-method approach, including life histories, ethnography and discourse analysis. A primary purpose is to address the absence of male peasant workers from the literature on gender and migration as a gendered category and the reductive public representation of them through government and media images. In response, the thesis argues for the need to address the men’s self-representation in the construction of their dislocated masculine identities. There is a specific focus on their gendered experiences within the family and the workplace. The thesis examines the interconnections between gender, class and other social categories. A key argument is that the men’s narratives serve to challenge the assumptions of elite commentators that the rural men’s low status is a result of their continuing to occupy a traditional cultural habitus and thus failing to take up a modern urban identity and lifestyle. Such a position assumes that tradition and modernity exist in an oppositional logic, with the former being displaced by the latter. In contrast, my empirical work clearly illustrates a more complex picture. The male peasant workers deploy traditional cultural practices, such as xiao (dao) (filial piety), as a resource to develop ‘modern’ masculine identities as urban workers.
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Elliott, Debra J. "Children's mental health treatment in rural and urban communities : do parental expectations affect treatment initiation and continuance?" The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1273065753.
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Dahiya, Angela. "Efficacy of a Telehealth-Based Parent Training Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Rural versus Urban Areas." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102887.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that presents many challenges for parents and service providers. Unfortunately, there are limited examples of parent-mediated interventions for parents of children with ASD that can help manage behavioral problems, especially those that can be implemented in both urban and rural communities. COMPASS for Hope (C-HOPE) is an 8-week parent-mediated intervention that enhances parent knowledge, behavior management skills, and supportive strategies. Telehealth-based interventions can be especially effective for rural communities due to its ability to address common barriers of geographic location and lack of resources. When implementing this intervention, the ability to decrease child problem behaviors as well as increase parental activation, self-management, perceived competence, and knowledge are essential to determine the efficacy of this treatment. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate these outcomes in the implementation of C-HOPE via telehealth in rural versus urban communities. 20 parents with children from 3-12 years of age with a diagnosis of ASD were sampled from two rural sites and two urban sites in Kentucky. Few differences were noted between the participants in the rural versus urban group at pre-treatment. Following C-HOPE, in the urban area, there were significant treatment effects in parent knowledge outcomes. In the rural areas, a significant effect was found in change of parent self-management skills of toileting issues. Future directions for telehealth treatments for this population are discussed.M.S.
ASD is a developmental disorder that presents many challenges for parents and providers. Unfortunately, there are limited behavioral treatment options for parents of children with ASD, especially those that can be utilized in both urban and rural communities. COMPASS for Hope (C-HOPE) is a parent intervention that improves parent knowledge, management, and supportive strategies. Technology-based interventions can be especially effective for rural communities due to its ability to address barriers of geographic location and lack of resources. In this intervention, the ability to decrease child problem behaviors as well as increase parental activation, self-management, competence, and knowledge are essential for this treatment to be effective. The current study evaluates these outcomes in C-HOPE using technology in rural versus urban communities. 20 parents with children with ASD, ranging from 3-12 years of age, were sampled from rural and urban areas in Kentucky. Few differences were noted between the participants in the rural versus urban group before treatment. After treatment, in the urban area, there were significant effects in parent knowledge outcomes. In the rural areas, a significant effect was found in change of parent self-management skills. Future directions for technology treatments for this population are discussed.
22
Dahiya, Angela V. "Efficacy of a Telehealth-Based Parent Training Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Rural versus Urban Areas." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102887.
Full textAbstract:
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that presents many challenges for parents and service providers. Unfortunately, there are limited examples of parent-mediated interventions for parents of children with ASD that can help manage behavioral problems, especially those that can be implemented in both urban and rural communities. COMPASS for Hope (C-HOPE) is an 8-week parent-mediated intervention that enhances parent knowledge, behavior management skills, and supportive strategies. Telehealth-based interventions can be especially effective for rural communities due to its ability to address common barriers of geographic location and lack of resources. When implementing this intervention, the ability to decrease child problem behaviors as well as increase parental activation, self-management, perceived competence, and knowledge are essential to determine the efficacy of this treatment. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate these outcomes in the implementation of C-HOPE via telehealth in rural versus urban communities. 20 parents with children from 3-12 years of age with a diagnosis of ASD were sampled from two rural sites and two urban sites in Kentucky. Few differences were noted between the participants in the rural versus urban group at pre-treatment. Following C-HOPE, in the urban area, there were significant treatment effects in parent knowledge outcomes. In the rural areas, a significant effect was found in change of parent self-management skills of toileting issues. Future directions for telehealth treatments for this population are discussed.M.S.
ASD is a developmental disorder that presents many challenges for parents and providers. Unfortunately, there are limited behavioral treatment options for parents of children with ASD, especially those that can be utilized in both urban and rural communities. COMPASS for Hope (C-HOPE) is a parent intervention that improves parent knowledge, management, and supportive strategies. Technology-based interventions can be especially effective for rural communities due to its ability to address barriers of geographic location and lack of resources. In this intervention, the ability to decrease child problem behaviors as well as increase parental activation, self-management, competence, and knowledge are essential for this treatment to be effective. The current study evaluates these outcomes in C-HOPE using technology in rural versus urban communities. 20 parents with children with ASD, ranging from 3-12 years of age, were sampled from rural and urban areas in Kentucky. Few differences were noted between the participants in the rural versus urban group before treatment. After treatment, in the urban area, there were significant effects in parent knowledge outcomes. In the rural areas, a significant effect was found in change of parent self-management skills. Future directions for technology treatments for this population are discussed.
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Foit, Wernich. "Microbial drinking water quality of selected rural, peri-urban and urban communities and schools in the North West Province, South Africa / Wernich Foit." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4130.
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Safe drinking water is a basic human right. This study mainly focused on the physicochemical and microbiological drinking water quality of selected rural, peri-urban and urban communities and schools in the North West Province, South Africa. Parameters
measured to determine the physico-chemical quality of drinking water were temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electric conductivity, carbonate hardness, total hardness, NO2 -, NO3 - and chlorine. These parameters indicated hard water in the informal settlement (Sonderwater) as well as in the rural area (Ganyesa).
Nitrate content were troubling for both areas, and total dissolved solids were higher
than the standard in the water from Ganyesa. For microbiological quality of the water,
heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria, total coliforms, faecal coliforms, faecal
streptococci, and staphylococci were enumerated on appropriate selective media using standard procedures. In the water from Sonderwater, faecal indicator bacteria were
isolated, but none were found in the water from Ganyesa. Heterotrophic plate count
bacteria and total coliforms were detected at levels above the standard in water samples
from both areas. Staphylococci and faecal streptococci were present in low numbers in
the water from both sites. Faecal coliforms isolated from Sonderwater showed multiple
antibiotic resistances to beta-lactams. Identification of faecal coliforms from
Sonderwater by API 20E strips and sequencing showed that they were Aeromonas spp.
and Enterobacter spp.. Bacteria in the water from Sonderwater were tested for the
potential to form biofilms. Scanning electron microscopy revealed multi-species
biofilms developing in the water container after 5 days of storage. Water was sampled
from four areas outside of Potchefstroom to determine a settlement gradient in water
quality. Areas ranged from a formal area, through an established informal area and a
newly established informal area to the newest established informal area. The water
from these areas was classified as hard according to physico-chemical parameters
measured, and TDS for the water from all areas were above the standard for domestic
use. The established informal area had high numbers of total coliforms present in the
water. Staphylococci and HPC bacteria were detected in levels higher than the standard
for domestic use in all water samples. No faecal coliforms were found in the water
from any of the areas. There was no visible gradient in the water quality between the
areas. The water samples collected from rural, peri-urban and urban schools were also
analysed in terms of physico-chemical and microbiological parameters. Water from all
schools was classified as hard water. Only one school (peri-urban) had a pH above the
standard. One rural school and one peri-urban school had TDS and electrical
conductivity levels above the standard for domestic use. All rural and peri-urban
schools had alarmingly high levels of nitrates present in the water. These schools
receive groundwater as drinking water. Total coliform bacteria were present at high
levels in all water samples from the schools. Rural and peri-urban schools presented levels of staphylococci and HPC bacteria higher than the standard for domestic use.
Streptococci were present in water from some of the rural and peri-urban schools and
one urban school. Faecal coliform/faecal streptococci ratios for rural schools indicated faecal pollution potentially of human origin, and in other schools faecal pollution from both human and animal origin. Before the vacation, faecal coliform bacteria were detected in water from all rural schools, two peri-urban schools and one urban school.
After the vacation, faecal coliforms were only detected in water from two rural schools
and one peri-urban school. Faecal coliforms identified and characterized showed
multiple antibiotic resistances to beta-lactams, oxy-tetracycline and trimethoprim.
Identification by API 20E strips and sequencing confirmed that faecal coliforms from schools were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. It was concluded that water from Sonderwater were of poor quality and water from Ganyesa were acceptable with only
the nitrates a troubling factor. There was no settlement gradient observed in terms of
water quality between areas. Water from rural schools were generally of unacceptable
quality in terms of both physico-chemical and microbiological parameters. The water
quality of these schools was also very poor when compared to urban schools. Periurban
schools had water quality better than rural schools, but poorer than urban schools.
Surveys of water quality are recommended for all areas sampled, and education on the
sanitary quality of water and related health implications is advisable for residents of
informal and rural areas.Thesis: B.Sc. Microbiology and Biochemistry School of Environmental Science and Development Faculty of Natural Sciences North-West University: Potchefstroom campus 2006.
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Herrigel, JoAnn. "The role of the New York States Self Help Support System in assisting small rural communities in complying with environmental regulations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74970.
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Kettle, Susan M. "Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in young Newfoundland and Labrador adults living in rural and urban communities." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0017/MQ54927.pdf.
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Andoh-Arthur, Johnny. "Perception of Psychological Sense of Community among Adolescents: A Qualitative Study of Rural and Urban Communities in Ghana." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Psykologisk institutt, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13604.
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The construct psychological sense of community has assumed prominence in research within the field of Community Psychology. Many have studied the construct in a variety of settings with different groups of people to understand how the construct means in such settings for such people. While admitting that this has contributed to deepening understanding of the construct in the scholarly world, not much has been done regarding how the construct is perceived within non - Western contexts especially Africa. Although the construct has been found to hold the same relevance for adolescents as for adults, little has been done to replicate this finding using adolescents as referents. This study aimed at qualitatively exploring perception of psychological sense of community among adolescents in rural and urban areas of Ghana. Data was drawn from the experiences of thirty (30) adolescents in Ghana through focus group interviews and personal interviews with the aid of a semi-structured interview questionnaire. Results from the analysis using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), revealed three interrelated themes: perception of community, belongingness, and effect of community on persons, as underlying adolescents’ perception of psychological sense of community in Ghana. The findings are discussed in the light of relevant theories and concepts as well as related studies. Implications for community psychology praxis and further studies are also discussed and conclusion given.
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Phuanukoonnon, Suparat. "Knowledge, belief and practice on dengue vector control : a comparison study between rural and urban communities in northeastern Thailand /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17290.pdf.
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Castro, Xochitl Valdez. "The interaction between child labour and poverty in Mexico : an empirical study on urban areas and poor rural communities." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543376.
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Deeley, Sabrina Maris. "Ecology of Mid-Atlantic bats after white-nose syndrome: communities, reproduction, and diet within an urban-to-rural gradient." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104236.
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White-nose syndrome (WNS) has reduced the abundance of many bat species within the United States' mid-Atlantic region, including the endangered Indiana (Myotis sodalis), threatened Myotis septentrionalis (northern long-eared bat) and other bats of conservation concern, such as Perimyotis subflavus (tri-colored bat), Myotis leibii (eastern small-footed bat) and Myotis lucifugus (little brown bat). Impacts to Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat) populations have been negative, positive or neutral. Migratory bat species such as Lasiurus borealis (eastern red bat) are not impacted by WNS. To determine changes within the National Park Service National Capital Region bat communities, I surveyed the area with mist netting and active acoustic sampling (2016–2018) and compared findings to pre-WNS (2003–2004) data. I documented a significant reduction in the numbers and distributions of M. lucifugus and P. subflavus, a decrease in the distribution of M. septentrionalis, and an increase in Eptesicus fuscus. Documented M. septentrionalis reproduction suggests that portions of the National Capital Region may be important bat conservation areas.
To explore the relationship between bat life history and passive acoustic sampling echolocation call data, as well as to review the sampling effort required to detect the presence of extant species, I used mist-netting captures and acoustic call data collected 2015 – 2018 within the District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. Based on locally estimated scatterplot smoothing line calculations, I determined that the highest levels of maternity season acoustic activity for Eptesicus fuscus and Lasiurus borealis corresponded primarily to lactation periods. To determine sampling effort, I developed simulations based on species accumulation curves for individual species within different physiographic regions and land-cover types. I determined that the smallest sampling efforts typically corresponded to sampling additional sites versus sampling the same sites with more nights. Detection effort varied greatly by species, physiographic region and land-cover type.
Eptesicus fuscus diet has been well-studied throughout North America with visual identification methods from fecal and stomach content samples. Next-generation sequencing provides large genetic data sets analyses in a cost-effective manner and has been used to identify bat prey items. I collected Eptesicus fuscus fecal samples from mid-Atlantic regions and used next-generation sequencing to identify their prey. I documented high variation between survey areas, but did not note a clear pattern of urbanization or fragmentation impacts upon Insecta diversity. All order-level taxa that I documented had been previously documented in morphological studies; however, I did document new families, genera and species. However, I would suggest caution in using next-generation sequencing technologies as authoritative sources for documenting new diet taxa, as I noted frequent occurrences of confounding environmental DNA within the samples.Doctor of Philosophy
White-nose syndrome (WNS) has reduced the abundance of many bat species within the United States' mid-Atlantic region, including the endangered Indiana (Myotis sodalis), threatened Myotis septentrionalis (northern long-eared bat) and other bats of conservation concern, such as the Perimyotis subflavus (tri-colored bat), Myotis leibii (eastern small-footed bat) and Myotis lucifugus (little brown bat). WNS-impacts to Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat) populations have been negative, positive or neutral. Migratory bat species such as Lasiurus borealis (eastern red bat) are not impacted by WNS. To determine changes within the National Park Service National Capital Region bat communities, I captured bats with mist-netting techniques and recorded bat echolocation calls with active acoustics (20-minute periods; 2016–2018) and compared findings to pre-WNS (2003–2004) data. I documented a significant reduction in the numbers and distributions of M. lucifugus and P. subflavus, a decrease in the distribution of M. septentrionalis, and an increase in Eptesicus fuscus. Documented M. septentrionalis reproduction suggests that portions of the National Capital Region may be important bat conservation areas. To explore the relationship between bat echolocation calls recorded with passive (over-night) acoustic data and bat reproduction trends, as well as the amount of effort required to document bat species, I sampled 849 sites with passive acoustics and 482 sites with mist-netting during 2016 – 2018 within the District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. I determined that the highest levels of acoustic activity for Eptesicus fuscus and Lasiurus borealis (eastern red bat) within the maternity season are associated with the period of highest levels of lactation. To determine sampling effort, I used simulations to detect species in different landscape conditions. I determined that sampling additional sites requires less sampling effort than sampling more nights. The amount of effort required to detect each bat species varied, as did the impact of different landscape conditions. Eptesicus fuscus diet has been well-studied throughout North America by identifying insect parts in feces and stomach contents. Next-generation sequencing is a process which produced large amounts of genetic data sets in a cost-effective manner, and it can be used to identify prey within bat feces. I collected Eptesicus fuscus fecal samples from mid-Atlantic regions and used next-generation sequencing to identify potential prey. I determined that bat diet varied greatly based on survey area and number of feces analyzed. At the order-level, I did not document new taxa: however, I did document new families, genera and species. However, I would suggest caution in using next-generation sequencing technologies as authoritative sources for documenting new diet taxa, as many taxa apparent within my samples were subsequently excluded, as the bats may have been incidentally ingested them.
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Jamshed, Ali [Verfasser], and Jörn [Akademischer Betreuer] Birkmann. "Assessing dynamics of rural-urban linkages and their influence on rural vulnerability to extreme flood events : case study of three rural farming communities in Punjab, Pakistan / Ali Jamshed ; Betreuer: Jörn Birkmann." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1234452820/34.
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Li, Yuh-Yuh. "Social Structure, Social Control, and Crimein in Rural Communities: A Test of Social Disorganization Theory." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1237993548.
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He, Fan. "Assessing the contribution of social capital to the inclusion of rural migrant workers within urban communities in Shandong Province, China." Thesis, Coventry University, 2015. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/58b84da0-d0f9-4c48-8eae-a36bc81435fc/1.
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This study provides new insights into social capital theory based on an analysis of the rational strain of social capital theory as integrated in research into private companies and the Marxist strain of social capital theory as integrated into the research of state owned enterprises (SOEs) under the Chinese political economic system. Institutional and organizational factors and interactions between people in state owned enterprises and private companies have been shown to affect individuals’ social capital. A primary objective of this thesis was to study the impact of social capital in different types of companies on the inclusion of rural migrant workers within urban communities. A case study approach has been used with data gathered in Zoucheng city and Rizhao city in Shandong Province, where one large SOE and four private companies are located. The study revealed that social capital in private companies acts on the premise of mutual benefit and reciprocity. The study analysed the reasons why private companies had an inclusive environment which provided equal opportunities and career progression for rural migrant workers. Employees in state owned enterprises are seen to be less efficient than those in private companies – the causes have been analysed. Barriers to entry to state owned enterprises are also seen to be higher for rural migrant workers. Snyder’s Hope Theory has been applied, for the first time, in the context of social capital, to examine employees’ social capital with respect to their hopes for career progression in both the SOE and private companies. The empirical results demonstrate that a closer relationship between employers and employees creates more social capital and cohesion within private companies compared with state owned enterprises and contributes to employees’ aspirations for career progression, as well as indicating that potentially good career progression for employees depends on an effective social structure in companies which contributes to the improvement of “weak ties”. The norm of reciprocity such as “home culture” in private companies motivates employees to expend effort to achieve their goals and develop their aspirations. This norm of reciprocity in private companies could be viewed as propitious to the solution of the problems of collective actions and in further improving the economic and political performance of society. Thus, it is considered advisable for national macroeconomic policy to encourage the development of companies that possess this kindof social capital to which the less hierarchical management system has contributed, as well as a close relationship between leaders and their employees (for example linking social capital), cohesive staff networks promoted by the company leaders and a corporate culture of reciprocity as the norm. In addition, the increase in educational attainment of people from rural areas could aid them in independently seeking employment in urban society. College graduates from the countryside gain easier access to heterogeneous connections within companies. With an improvement in educational attainment, rural workers, especially those with junior college educational accreditation, such as that obtained from a vocational technical college, were found by the research to be most urbanised. Enhancing vocational skills training and cultivating skilful workers helps improve relations and mutual trust within companies, which further assists rural migrant workers’ work performance and inclusion within urban society.
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Li, Yan. "Constraints on health and health services access of rural-to-urban migrants in China : a case of Dengcun village of Beijing." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13135/.
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China is experiencing a dramatically increasing process of rural-urban migration, which is almost parallel with the phenomenal economic growth and development in China in the last decades. Given the massive scale of rural-urban migration in China, the health services access and health constraints not only matter to rural-urban migrants but also have important implications for broad public health concerns. However, this issue has not been paid enough attention in academic research. This study focuses on the multifaceted reality of health constraints and health services access among migrants by originally exploring the social strata, social networks, and the understanding of health and health services among migrants. The research questions are stated as follows: What constraints and difficulties do migrants face with respect to their health and health services access? Is there a hierarchical structure in health services access and medical treatment access among migrants? When there is a shortage of financial resources, do they resort to informal social support (such as informal social networks/ guanxi) to obtain help and why? What are their understanding and experience of health and why? Furthermore, this study investigates the health constraints and health services access of rural-urban migrants in the absence of equal social protection by the government. By conducting 36 qualitative interviews in Dengcun Village, a migrant community in Beijing, China, this paper: (1) Investigates issues concerning environmental health risks of migrants, their health seeking behaviours, and the constraints they encountered in accessing health services with respect to the social strata among migrants. It argues that the main obstacles to access health services are not only the shortage of financial resources among rural-urban migrants, but also lie in the institutional blindness regarding health security provision, rural-urban dualism and the household registration system in China. (2) Highlights the key function that social networks play in health and health services access among migrants in China, which has rarely been discussed in previous studies. Examines the range of social networks among migrants, from which they can acquire support, including financial and spiritual, when they are dealing with health problems. The study argues that social networks resemble a double-edged sword to rural-urban migrants in terms of health care access. The fact that migrants lack savings may not be the sole and essential reason for their extreme vulnerability in times of illness. Some migrants, who are in financial difficulties though, may have some assistance, including financial support and emotional support from their social networks. However, on the other hand, the assistance from social networks on their health and heath care access is limited, not only because their social networks is limited, but because the social networks should not bear the responsibility to support health services access of migrants, similar to or more than the state and migrants' employers. (3) Discusses the understanding of health among migrants, and further analyses that although many migrants have not formed proper understanding of the connotation of health and have limited knowledge of health, prime responsibility should not be put on the migrants because their poor understanding of health mainly results from their rural perspective while health and health services access depend on the social-economic environment in which they live and work.
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Reddy, Yachika. "An exploration of household energy use patterns among grid electrified households in low-income rural and peri-urban communities in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5481.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-140).
This study therefore explores the energy use patterns of low-income grid electrified households in rural and peri-urban areas of South Africa – rural and peri-urban areas being the two areas where majority of the poor reside - as a means to inform insights on the energy use of the poor within these two landscapes. It is important to understand the energy use patterns of these households, in order to inform policy interventions aimed at enhancing the energy welfare of low-income households through improved access to safe, affordable and reliable energy services to be designed and targeted congruent to the energy needs of poor households. Energy use patterns of low-income households in this study were examined using data from a household energy survey conducted by the University of Cape Town.
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Peckover, Timothy E. F. "A survey to assess the need for further education on the issue of cat management in urban and rural communities of South Australia." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envp368.pdf.
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Lau, Oi-ha Joanne, and 劉愛霞. "Planning for the urban-rural fringe areas of Hong Kong: case study of Wo Yi Hop Village." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260561.
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Yamamoto, Jorge, and Ana Rosa Feijoo. "Emic components of well-being. Towards an alternative development model." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101645.
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An alternative model of well-being and development using an emic and post-hoc approach is presented. This method was applied to a non-educated corridor sample which includes rural and urban shantytowns (n = 550). A psychometric wellbeing battery was developed for this study. Analytical technique includes a modified version of Confirmatory Factor Analysis in order to meet the demands of the post-hoc theorisation rationale. Alternative models of universal needs, subjective life satisfaction, resources, and values are presented. A three factor personality solution is described. Discussion emphasises the advantages of these results compared to theories and approaches from Europe and United States in theoretical and empirical terms. Implications for development are also discussed.Se presenta una propuesta alternativa a los modelos establecidos de bienestar y desarrollo a través de una metodología émica y post hoc. Esta se aplica a un corredor migratorio desde comunidades rurales hasta urbano marginales. Se aplicó una batería psicométrica desarrollada para este estudio a 550 participantes y una versión modificada del análisis factorial confirmatorio para satisfacer las demandas de teorización post-hoc del estudio. Se proponen modelos alternativos de necesidades universales, satisfacción subjetiva de vida, recursos y valores. Se encuentra una estructura de tres factores de personalidad. Los resultados son discutidos en relación con las teorías establecidas desde el referente europeo y estadounidense y se reflexiona sobre sus perspectivas para el desarrollo.
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Anyigor, Kelechi Theophilus. "Social capital, local economic development and environmental quality in deprived communities : the case of the Kpirikpiri community in South-East Nigeria." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2012. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/8652/.
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Leis, Stephanie Marie. "Engaging with Consumers: How College of Agriculture Graduates Engage with Consumers After Graduation." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1432692118.
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Cochard, Arnaud. "Influence des facteurs paysagers sur la flore des habitats herbacés sous influence urbaine : approche taxonomiques et fonctionnelles." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSARH102/document.
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Le processus d’urbanisation conduit à un ensemble de transformations et perturbations qui peuvent avoir des conséquences sur la flore spontanée. Ce travail de thèse porte sur les communautés végétales des espaces herbacés ordinaires distribués au sein 3 aires urbaines de l’ouest de la France : Angers, Nantes et la Roche-sur-Yon. A travers deux approches, taxonomique et fonctionnelle, l’objectif est d’analyser les variations de diversités et de composition floristiques le long de gradients paysagers (notamment d’urbanisation et de connectivité des habitats). Ces milieux apparaissent diversifiés, tout en ne présentant qu’un faible nombre d’espèces exotiques. Le gradient urbain-rural structure les communautés, établissant notamment de fortes distinctions dans leurs compositions spécifiques, et ce, malgré l’absence de variations en terme de richesse et d’homogénéisation. Ces distinctions sont en lien avec des traits relatifs à leurs exigences écologiques (habitat, pH, humidité, lumière)et au niveau de perturbation plus élevé en ville. Ces relations varient malgré tout selon que l’on considère l’abondance locale ou régionale des espèces suggérant que d’autres mécanismes viennent s’ajouter à ces processus de filtre. La mesure in situ de trois traits fonctionnels (hauteur, SLA et phénologie) montre également l’importance de ce processus de filtre sur les espèces à un niveau intraspécifique. L’ensemble des résultats montre la façon dont ces espèces communes s’assemblent au regard des processus écologiques à l’oeuvre dans des environnements urbains, et permet d’ouvrir des perspectThe process of urbanisation leads to a series of transformations and disturbances that may have consequences for wild plant communities. This thesis presents a study of the plant communities of ordinary grasslands distributed among three cities of western France: Angers, Nantes and La Roche-sur-Yon. Using both taxonomical and functional approaches, the aim is to analyse the variation in plant diversity and composition along landscape gradients, in particular those of urbanisation and habitat connectivity. Such grassland habitats appear to be diverse, despite a low number of exotic species. The urban-rural gradient structures such communities, in particular by strongly modifying species composition; and this despite an absence of variation in species richness or of homogenisation. These modifications in community structure are linked to traits for ecological requirements (for habitat, pH, humidity or light)or for adaptation to higher levels of disturbance in towns. These relationships vary according to species’ local or regional abundance, suggesting that other mecanisms accompany the filtering process. Taking into account three functional traits (height, SLA and phenology) measured in situ shows that the filtering process also has consequences at intraspecific level. Taken together, the results show how common species are assembled in response to ecological processes operating in urban environments and open up new perspectives and applications for the integration of grassland plant communities into biodiversity conservation objectives in urban areas
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Steuart, Kieran Jamie. "The relevance of social class, communications, and general location, in contemporary British Labour Party politics, with a focus on North-West Cumbria." Thesis, University of Cumbria, 2018. http://insight.cumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/3806/.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the relevance of social class in relation to general support for the Labour Party both within a national and localised context, with a specific focus placed upon the area of North-West Cumbria. This is achieved by following the research hypothesis that states that the party since the emergence of New Labour, is with their classless brand, more effective on a political level than their collectivist Old Labour predecessor. Such analysis, using a mixture of primary and secondary methods, is framed within a three-themed research phenomenon. The phenomenon begins via the first theme ‘Class/Identity’ which defined the extensive atomised shift in perceived class categorisation in contemporary Britain. The analysis of the latter then links to the second theme ‘(Labour) Party’ which evaluates such shifts to that of Labour support, ranging from the historic ‘Old’ and ‘New’ eras to the present ‘Post New’ incarnation. This primarily states how the rise of the New Right inspired New Labour to modernise their core political message to accommodate the new atomised class culture, so as to gain broader levels of support. The research phenomenon concludes with the third theme ‘Geography (North-West Cumbria)’ which explores how such class atomisation affected Labour support on a broad locational basis, particularly within North-West Cumbria. The thesis findings generally concur with the research hypothesis since the New Labour brand was somewhat successful in rural areas which hitherto had been deemed unattainable by Old Labour. Such findings, be it nationally and/or locally, are a symptom of contemporary class times where political allegiance has become less ideologically centred, and more brand-orientated and homogeneous. This thesis structure also makes a contribution to qualitative methods research as it provides a template of how such a research hypothesis and phenomenon can be theoretically and practically integrated.
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Weierbach, Florence M. "Elder Friendly Rural Communities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7389.
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Huseynova, Sevil. "Post-Soviet Transnational Urban Communities." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22039.
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Die Dissertationsarbeit ist der Erforschung des Phänomens der Transformation der urbanen und lokalen Identität im Rahmen des Migrationsprozesses nach dem Zerfall der UdSSR gewidmet. 1. Einer der wichtigsten Fokusse der Forschung ist die vergleichende Geschichte der Entwicklung der drei Städte - Sankt-Petersburg (Russland), Odessa (Ukraine) und Baku (Aserbaidschan), die als Räume im Kontext urbaner Gesellschaft und Habitus konstruiert wurden. Der wichtigste geschichtliche Zeitraum ist mit der Europäisierung des Russischen Reichs verbunden. Dieser Faktor bestimmt weitgehend die Spezifität des urbanen Habitus (Lebensraum). 2. Der zweite Fokus liegt auf der urbanen Gesellschaft der Bürger*innen Sank-Petersburgs, Odessas und Bakus. Zur Zeit hat die jeweilige Gesellschaft in ihren Heimatstädten, nachdem sie massive Auswanderungen und den Zustrom von Menschen aus anderen Städten oder ruralen Räumen erlebt hat, einen Teil ihres Einflusses sowie ihrer dominanten Position verloren. Aber in diesem Kontext der Verluste, haben die Mitglieder der urbanen Gesellschaft, auch durch die rasante Entwicklung der digitalen Kommunikation die Möglichkeit erhalten, transnationale Netzwerke zu entwickeln. 3. Der dritte wichtige Fokus liegt auf den sozialen Netzwerken der Bürger*innen von St. Petersburg, Odessa und Baku in Deutschland, u.a. in Berlin. Sowie auf der Institution – „Urban Clubs“, die von Aktivist*innen der urbanen Gesellschaft im Rahmen der Jüdischen Gemeinde Berlin, Anfang der 2000er gegründet wurden. Die Praxis der Netzwerk- und Vereinsgründung ermöglicht es Migrant*innen, auf symbolische Weise ihre gewohnten Lebensbedingungen zu rekonstruieren und bestimmt so die Besonderheit ihrer Integration in die deutsche Aufnahmegesellschaft. Eine solche Studie erlaubt es, die innere Vielfalt einer sich als „russischsprachige Juden“ definierenden Gruppe zu beschreiben. Zusätzlich trägt sie auch dazu bei, die Diskussion über die Prinzipien der Integrationspolitik in Deutschland anzuregen.This dissertation is devoted to the study of the transformation of urban local identity in the context of migration processes after the collapse of the USSR. 1. It offers a comparative history of the development of St Petersburg (Russia), Odessa (Ukraine) and Baku (Azerbaijan) as socio-cultural spaces, within which urban communities were created and urban habitus was designed. The most important period in their history is connected with Europeanisation of the Russian Empire. This history largely determines the specificity of the cities’ urban habitus, respectively. 2. Research is focused on the urban communities of Petersburgers, Odessites, and Bakuvians, which are presently experiencing mass emigration and an influx of population from other cities or rural areas. These communities remaining in their hometowns have lost some influence and status, but in the context of this loss, and due to the rapid development of digital communications, members of these urban communities have also created transnational networks. The city clubs established in St. Petersburg, Odessa and Baku in 1990-1991 have played a special role in creating such networks. Specifics of the communities and their urban habitus have been studied in parallel with the research concerning urban club activities. 3. Social networking practices of members of these urban communities are studied, with focus on immigrants in Germany, and Berlin in particular. Club creation practices allow migrants to symbolically reconstruct familiar living conditions and define the specifics of their integration into the host community (in Germany). Such research makes it possible to describe the internal diversity of the group defined as Russian-speaking Jews, and contributes to discussion about integration policy principles.
Диссертация посвящена исследованию феномена трансформации городской локальной идентичности в контексте миграционных процессов, развивавшихся после распада СССР. Исследование проводилось на трех уровнях и четырех городах и странах. 1. Один из важнейших фокусов исследования - это сравнительная история развития трех городов: Санкт-Петербург (Россия), Одесса (Украина) и Баку (Азербайджан), как социо-культурных пространств в рамках которых создавались городские сообщества и конструировались городские габитусы. Все три города играли разную, но особенную роль в истории Российской империи, а позже СССР. Данное обстоятельство во многом определяет специфику городских габитусов. 2. Один из основных фокусов исследования был направлен на городские сообщества петербуржцев, одесситов и бакинцев. В настоящий момент пережив массовую эмиграцию и приток населения из других городов или сельской местности, эти сообщества в родных городах утратили определенную часть влияния и доминирующие позиции. Но в этом контексте утрат, а также в связи с быстрым развитием цифровых коммуникаций, члены этих городских сообществ приобрели возможность конструирования транснациональных сетей. Институтами играющими особенную роль в создании таких сетей стали городские клубы, созданные в 1990-1991 годах в Петербурге, Одессе и Баку. 3. Третий основной фокус - социальные сети петербуржцев, одесситов и бакинцев в Германии, и в Берлине в частности. А также институты - "городские клубы", создававшиеся активистами этих городских сообщества в рамках Еврейской общины Берлина. Практики создания сетей и клубов позволяют мигрантам проводить символическую реконструкцию комфортных условий для проживания и определяют специфику процесса их интеграции в принимающее сообщество (в Германии).
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Sandbulte, Natalie J. "Rural communities and mental health care." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p088-0180.
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Denker, Amy E. "Public engagement in rural aging communities." Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17663.
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Master of Regional and Community PlanningDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Katherine Nesse
Public engagement in rural, aging communities is often an after thought when creating plans, strategies, or projects in these communities. Initiatives that focus specifically on interacting with aging ruralites through new media is almost non-existent. However, engagement through web-based forums or social media is a growing trend. At the same time, older people have proven that they do not use the internet or social media as frequently as younger generations. To bridge the gap of inexperience with online forms of engagement, I investigate whether educational components introduced through traditional face-to-face forms of public engagement can increase the participation of older residents. To test this, I introduce social media and online engagement to older adults through an educational presentation at a public meeting in Council Grove, Kansas, in cooperation with the Flint Hills Regional Council. I monitored social media and online websites connected to the public meeting prior to and after the meeting to track changes in engagement that occurred due to the meeting. Though there was little change in engagement on the two websites I monitored, the survey results suggest that the people at the meeting appreciated the introduction and did have some familiarity with the internet and the online engagement environments. Unfortunately, this research does not definitively answer the question asked. It suggests that further education presented in future meetings may increase online engagement when implemented at a larger scale.
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Xu, Haiqing. "Rural industrialisation and urbanisation of the rural communities in China." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415173.
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Hage, Sara A. "Alleys negotiating identity in traditional, urban, and new urban communities /." Connect to this title, 2008. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/110/.
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Lee, Sudhamma. "Rural-Urban Migration in China." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533797.
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Almeida, Mara Elisabete da Silva. "Urban preferences for rural landscapes." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/12387.
Full textAbstract:
A crescente procura social por paisagens rurais, nomeadamente pelas suas funções
não produtivas, tem sido evidente na região mediterrânica. Os urbanos tornaram-se
novos utilizadores do espaço rural principalmente pelas actividades de recreio e como
local de residência e para identificar quais os requisitos destas funções no âmbito da
gestão da paisagem e do espaço rural torna-se necessário um conhecimento mais
vasto no que respeita às preferências de paisagem destes utilizadores. O objectivo
deste estudo é identificar as preferências de paisagem dos urbanos. Um questionário
baseado em fotografias foi o suporte para 308 entrevistas aplicadas em 10 concelhos
do Alentejo. Este questionário foi aplicado a oito grupos de utilizadores com origem
urbana (habitantes rurais, novos rurais, chefes de exploração, caçadores, utilizadores
com segunda residência, visitantes regulares, turistas e eco-turistas). Os resultados
indicam que existe uma clara diferenciação nas preferências dos urbanos,
condicionada pela funcionalidade associada à paisagem rural, pela nacionalidade e
pela ligação que os utilizadores têm à agricultura. Apesar da divergência de
preferências os resultados demonstram que a agricultura tem uma forte influência nas
escolhas dos urbanos e que os valores de consumo, embora estejam na base das
funções que estes utilizadores procuram no espaço rural, estão fortemente associados
a valores de protecção e produção; ### ABSTRACT:
Society’s’ growing demand for rural landscapes, mainly for its non-productive functions,
has been observed in Mediterranean rural landscapes. Urban dwellers became new
users of the countryside mainly for residential and recreational activities. To identify the
requirements of these functions in the landscape and rural space management, a
better understanding is needed regarding landscape preferences expressed by these
users. The aim of this study is to identify landscape preferences among urban rooted.
A photo-based survey, applied in 10 municipalities in the Alentejo region, Southern
Portugal, was the support for 308 interviews carried out to eight groups of landscape
users (rural inhabitants, new rural inhabitants, landowners, hunters, second residents,
regular visitors, tourists and eco-tourists) all with an urban living background. Results
show that preferences among urban rooted diverge according to landscape’s functional
aspects, user’s nationality and connection to farming. Despite the variance on
preferences results demonstrate that farming has a strong influence on preferences
among all urban users. Consumption values, although being in the basis of urban
user’s main purpose in rural space, are closely connected to production and protection
values.
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Dzansi, Dennis Yao. "Social responsibility of SMMEs in rural communities." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03302005-112633.
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