Journal articles: 'Rural and urban communities'

1

Debnath, Ripan, and Praghya Parmita Debnath. "Comparing healthiness across urban, peri-urban, and rural communities in Mymensingh region of Bangladesh." GeoScape 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2020-0002.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractPeople in urban and peri-urban areas enjoy better physical access to health facilities compared to those living in rural area. However, healthier natural environment is commonly absent in urban and its adjoining peri-urban areas. Premising on the competitiveness of health determinants outlined by the World Health Organization (WHO), this study has embarked upon comparing healthiness of different communities in a region as well as to ascertain the factor(s) regulating their healthiness related outcome. Relying on presurveyed 1397 household data spreading over an urban, two peri-urban, and eight rural localities in Mymensingh region, Bangladesh, the study has evaluated the communities’ healthiness in views of both the conventional perspective and using a set of health determinants. Illness and disease manifestation as well as socio-economic status of the households were analyzed statistically to get communities’ overall healthiness scenario. Later, comparison among the communities and contribution of different indicators were sought using a combined score index. In this study’s context, it has been found that urban is healthier than rural followed by peri-urban community. Here, rural areas lack education the most that should be improved; peri-urban areas need better income opportunity; and urban area requires better water-supply and waste management facilities to improve their respective health status in a community sense. There is not a commonly accepted health metrics for community’s comprehensive health assessment toward which this study sets a pathway. Besides, using the combined health index developed here, specific interventions required to improve community’s healthiness and minimize the gap among them can easily be identified.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Blekesaune, Arild, and Marit S. Haugen. "Ageing in Norwegian Rural and Urban Communities." European Countryside 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 232–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2018-0014.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This paper, based on data from two recent national surveys of the residents of municipalities in Norway, compares rural and urban elderly people’s degree of satisfaction with locally available services and their reported involvement with others in the community. It focuses in particular on their living conditions and indicators of well-being, including their access to home care and medical services and their degree of participation and trust in local social networks. Two findings stand out. First, contrary to common expectations, rural residents are at least as satisfied with their home care and medical services as their urban counterparts are. This parity reflects Norway's policy of subsidizing social welfare services in sparsely populated areas. Second, in keeping with common expectations, they report more frequent social contacts with their neighbours and greater participation in voluntary work than urban residents do.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

SHIWAKU, Kuninori. "Socioeconomic Disparities Between Urban and Rural Communities." JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE ASSOCIATION OF RURAL MEDICINE 58, no. 5 (2010): 513–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2185/jjrm.58.513.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Gordon, Matthew J. "Language Variation and Change in Rural Communities." Annual Review of Linguistics 5, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 435–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011817-045545.

Full text

Abstract:

Despite the difficulty of delineating the rural from the urban according to economic or demographic criteria, this distinction has powerful cultural resonances, and language plays a key role in constructing the cultural divide between rural and urban. Sociolinguists have generally devoted more attention to urban communities, but substantial research has explored language variation and change in rural areas, and this scholarship complements the perspective gained from studies of metropolitan speech. This article reviews research on rural speech communities that examines the linguistic dimensions of the urban/rural divide as well as social dynamics driving language variation and change in rural areas. One theme emerging from this literature is the role of dialect contact and how its effects are shaped by material as well as attitudinal factors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Eason, John M., Danielle Zucker, and Christopher Wildeman. "Mass Imprisonment across the Rural-Urban Interface." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 672, no. 1 (June 23, 2017): 202–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716217705357.

Full text

Abstract:

Academic work on crime and punishment has focused mostly on urban centers, leaving rural communities understudied, except for acknowledgement that rural communities warehouse a large number of prisoners and that rural prisons provide jobs and economic development for some struggling communities. This study uses a novel dataset that includes information on the home addresses of all prisoners in Arkansas from 1993 to 2003 to document imprisonment rates and racial disparities in imprisonment rates across metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties. We show how rural communities both receive and produce prisoners and that imprisonment and racial disparities in imprisonment vary more within different types of communities than across different types of communities. Further, we find that nonmetropolitan rates of imprisonment are higher than would be expected, based on observed local risk factors such as poverty rate. We close with a discussion of what these findings illustrate about concentrated disadvantage across the rural-urban interface.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Smith, George, Dilip Nandwani, and Vanaja Kankarla. "Facilitating resilient rural-to-urban sustainable agriculture and rural communities." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 24, no. 6 (October 17, 2016): 485–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2016.1240723.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Call, Vaughn R. A., Lance D. Erickson, Nancy K. Dailey, Bret L. Hicken, Randall Rupper, Jeremy B. Yorgason, and Byron Bair. "Attitudes Toward Telemedicine in Urban, Rural, and Highly Rural Communities." Telemedicine and e-Health 21, no. 8 (August 2015): 644–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2014.0125.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Judd, Fiona K., Henry J. Jackson, Angela Komiti, Greg Murray, Gene Hodgins, and Caitlin Fraser. "High Prevalence Disorders in Urban and Rural Communities." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 36, no. 1 (February 2002): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.00986.x.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: High prevalence disorders (anxiety, depressive and substance use) are generally assumed to be more common in urban than rural dwellers. The aims of this paper are (i) to critically review studies measuring prevalence in rural as opposed to urban location, and (ii) to argue the need to look beyond the ‘quantity’ question to the quality question: how does urban or rural place influence mental health? Method: A literature review (Medline and PsychLIT) was carried out using the words ‘rural, urban, mental/psychiatric, illness/disorders and prevalence’, as well as a review of relevant papers and publications known to the authors. Results: Many studies examining urban/rural differences in the rate of high prevalence disorders have been reported. Most use a ‘one size fits all’ definition of urban and rural, which assumes location is the key issue. The majority fail to show the purported difference in prevalence between the two settings. In general, studies have not examined interaction effects, but have simply treated the independent variables as main effects. Available data suggest that a variety of socio-demographic factors are more powerful predictors of difference in prevalence than is the location of residence. Conclusion: Further studies are required to understand if and how rural or urban place contributes to the development of psychiatric morbidity. These studies should mirror the clinical situation by taking into account a variety of individual and community-based (including urban/rural place) risk factors which may be important determinants of mental health and mental illness, and examining the interaction between them. This may then identify the nature of any differences or what issues are specific to, or especially important, in the rural setting.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Billah, Syed Muhammad Baqui, and MS Jahan. "Metabolic syndrome in urban and rural communities of Bangladesh." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 2, no. 2 (March 15, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v2i2.29.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a rising public health concern. Bangladesh profile need exploration through research.Methods: Socio-epidemiologic factors of 341 urban and 149 rural people were studied with anthropometric examination, blood pressure recording and fasting blood for sugar (FBS), triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) analysis. MetS was decided on the basis of National Cholesterol Education Program ATP III criteria.Result: Prevalence of MetS was 38.78% (95% CI: 34.56%-43.16%). Rural prevalence (48.99%; 95% CI: 41.09%-56.94%) was more (p=0.002) than urban (34.31%; 95% CI: 29.47%-39.50%); low HDL cholesterol prevailed around 97% urban and 93% rural respondents; high TG was found among 48% urban and 59% rural respondents (p=0.02), 21% urban and 44% rural respondents were obese (p<0.001); around 15% urban and 22% rural had hypertension (HTN, p=0.04); high FBS was found among 28% urban and 26% rural respondents. Age (OR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.09) and exercise (OR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.40-3.80) of urban area whereas only males of rural (OR=5.88, 95% CI: 2.52- 13.73) area were significantly associated with MetS.Conclusions: Prevalence of MetS is higher in rural Bangladesh than urban in terms of dyslipidaemia, HTN and obesity. Health education and mass campaign regarding the risk factors including change in lifestyle can modify the condition.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 02 No. 02 April’18. Page : 71-77

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Ajaero, Chukwuedozie K., and Patience C. Onokala. "The Effects of Rural-Urban Migration on Rural Communities of Southeastern Nigeria." International Journal of Population Research 2013 (September 9, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/610193.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper examined the effects of rural-urban migration on the rural communities of Southeastern Nigeria. Data were obtained using mixed methods approach comprising questionnaire surveys and key informant interviews. Six rural local government areas (LGAs) were selected based on population size and spatial equity from two states of Southeastern Nigeria. From each of the rural LGAs, fifty migrant-sending households were sampled for the study. Multiple regression and hierarchical cluster analyses were used to estimate and categorize the effects of rural-urban migration due to remittances and community projects executed by the rural-urban migrants, respectively. In addition, the Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were utilized in prioritizing areas for development interventions in the rural communities. The regression analysis shows that rural-urban migration contributes significantly towards the development of their rural communities through monetary remittances and the involvement of the rural-urban migrants in community development projects. Based on the findings, recommendations such as initiation of development projects based on the identified needs of each of the rural communities to augment the effects of migration in the study area are made.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Akpan, Effiong Ekong, Udeme E. Ekrikpo, Aniema I. A. Udo, and Bassey Edet Bassey. "Prevalence of Hypertension in Akwa Ibom State, South-South Nigeria: Rural versus Urban Communities Study." International Journal of Hypertension 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/975819.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent studies have shown an increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension in rural communities compared to that of the urban communities. This study was therefore carried out to determine the prevalence of hypertension and its predictors (if any) in both urban and rural communities of Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria.Subjects and Method. This was a cross-sectional study of urban and rural communities of Akwa Ibom State for the prevalence of hypertension and its predictors. Two urban cities and two rural communities were randomly selected from the three senatorial districts of the state. Hypertension was defined based on the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of Hypertension.Results. Nine hundred and seventy-eight (978) participants were recruited from rural areas and five hundred and ninety (590) from urban centers. The rural populace had higher systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure than the urban populace (P<0.001, < 0.002, < 0.001, resp.). The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in the rural populace than in the urban populace [44.3% (95% CI 41.1–47.4%) versus 28.6% (95% CI 24.9–32.3%)]. Age, BMI, and proteinuria were independent predictors of hypertension occurrence.Conclusion. There is an epidemiologic change in the prevalence of hypertension in the rural communities of Nigeria.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Le, Thi Huyen, Yoshinori Nakagawa, and Yutaka Kobayashi. "Conditions under Which Rural-to-Urban Migration Enhances Social and Economic Sustainability of Home Communities: A Case Study in Vietnam." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 26, 2021): 8326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158326.

Full text

Abstract:

Rural-to-urban migration contributes to the economic and social sustainability of sending communities. The aim of this study was to obtain quantitative evidence supporting the theoretical argument that (i) rural-to-urban migrants contribute to the sustainability of their sending communities, and (ii) once they return, they are likely to behave prosocially as return migrants because they feel a responsibility to apply the knowledge and skills they acquired during migration for the sake of others in their sending communities. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Hanoi, Vietnam, a typical destination city of domestic rural-to-urban migrants. Three hundred rural-to-urban migrants participated in this survey. The ultivariate regression analysis results indicate that rural-to-urban migrants contribute more to the social and economic sustainability of their rural home communities when they have spent longer in their migration destinations and have accumulated skills and knowledge because their experiences foster a sense of responsibility toward their home communities. This is the first quantitative investigation of the relationship between rural-to-urban migrants’ characteristics representing their accumulation of skills and knowledge in their destination cities and their supportive attitudes toward their home communities. This investigation seemed important because it was expected to clarify the conditions under which rural-to-urban migration stimulates migrants’ sense of responsibility and thus their contributions to the social and economic sustainability of their sending communities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Adachi, Kyoichiro. "Toshihiro Takayama ed. Coordinating Urban and Rural Communities." Journal of Rural Problems 27, no. 2 (1991): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.27.102.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Florian, Traci Armstrong, E. Whitmer, and D. Dixon. "Making EFNEP Work: From Rural to Urban Communities." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 47, no. 4 (July 2015): S61—S62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2015.04.163.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Stein, CM, NP Gora, and BM Macheka. "Self-medication in urban and rural Zimbabwean communities." British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 27, no. 6 (June 1989): 741–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb03435.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Arsneault, Shelly. "Implementing Welfare Reform in Rural and Urban Communities." American Review of Public Administration 36, no. 2 (June 2006): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074005280315.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Sommerlad, Elizabeth A., and Jon C. Altman. "Alternative Rural Communities: A Solution to Urban Unemployment?" Australian Journal of Social Issues 21, no. 1 (March 1986): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.1986.tb00810.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Thomas, George B. "Gerontology in Urban and Rural Congregations and Communities." Journal of Religion & Aging 6, no. 3-4 (November 13, 1989): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j491v06n03_15.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Urban, Mark C., David K. Skelly, Denise Burchsted, William Price, and Sarah Lowry. "Stream communities across a rural-urban landscape gradient." Diversity Distributions 12, no. 4 (July 2006): 337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00226.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Adeyeye, Kemi, Jeremy Gibberd, and James Chakwizira. "Water marginality in rural and peri-urban communities." Journal of Cleaner Production 273 (November 2020): 122594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122594.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Erickson, Lance D., Scott R. Sanders, and Michael R. Cope. "Lifetime stayers in urban, rural, and highly rural communities in Montana." Population, Space and Place 24, no. 4 (February 21, 2018): e2133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp.2133.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Ilina, Mariia, and Yulia Shpyliova. "SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF RURAL TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN UKRAINE." Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, no. 3-4(22-23) (2018): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689/2018/3-4(22-23)/4.

Full text

Abstract:

The process of local budgets’ formation is described, and programs of the development of territorial communities of various regions of Ukraine are analyzed. A number of challenges, shortcomings and gaps are defined and it is concluded the challenges depend on a community’s type, locations and distance to large urban centers. Three types of the communities have been identified: close to cities, relatively remote from cities and peripheral. Trends on socio-ecological and economic development of rural communities in Ukraine have been assessed and spatial differentiation of the units has been conducted. Related challenges, opportunities and threats, specific to each of the identified community’s type, have been structured in the SWOT analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Sutarsa, I. Nyoman, Lachlan Campbell, and Malcolm Moore. "Rural Proofing Policies for Health: Barriers to Policy Transfer for Australia." Social Sciences 10, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10090338.

Full text

Abstract:

A ‘rural proofing’ framework, which offers assessment of the potential impacts of policies on rural and remote communities, has been advocated for by state governments and interest groups throughout Australia. It is argued that rural proofing can be used to redress health inequities between urban and rural and remote communities. While implementation of rural proofing in some countries shows promising results, there are many social and spatial contexts that should be considered prior to its adoption in Australia. Rural proofing is not the best option for rural health policy in Australia. It has been imported from communities where the urban/rural divide is minimal. It is based on a rigid urban/rural binary model that targets disparity rather than accommodating the diversity of rural communities. Rural proofing concentrates on tick-the-box activities, where rural communities are not sufficiently consulted. There is no unified federal ministry in Australia with responsibility for rural and remote affairs. Considering potential shortcomings of rural proofing for health policies, it is imperative for Australia to have a specific rural health policy at both federal and state levels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Boateng, Simon, Prince Amoako, Divine Odame Appiah, Adjoa Afriyie Poku, and Emmanuel Kofi Garsonu. "Comparative Analysis of Households Solid Waste Management in Rural and Urban Ghana." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5780258.

Full text

Abstract:

The comparative analysis of solid waste management between rural and urban Ghana is largely lacking. This study investigated the solid waste situation and the organisation of solid waste management in both urban and rural settings from the perspective of households. The study employed cross-sectional survey covering both rural and urban districts in the Ashanti and Greater Accra Regions of Ghana. The study systematically sampled houses from which 400 households and respondents were randomly selected. Pearson’s Chi square test was used to compare demographic and socioeconomic variables in rural and urban areas. Multivariate Test, Tests of Between-Subjects Effects, and Pair-Wise Comparisons were performed through one-way MANOVA to determine whether or not solid waste situations in rural and urban areas are significantly different. The results revealed that location significantly affects solid waste management in Ghana. Urban communities had lower mean scores than rural communities for poor solid waste situation in homes. However, urban communities had higher mean scores than rural communities for poor solid waste situation in principal streets and dumping sites. The study recommends that the local government authorities implement very comprehensive policies (sanitary inspection, infrastructure development, and community participation) that will take into consideration the specific solid waste management needs of both urban and rural areas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Stephens, Colton R. A., Breanne M. McAmmond, Jonathan D. Van Hamme, Ken A. Otter, Matthew W. Reudink, and Eric M. Bottos. "Analysis of bacterial communities associated with Mountain Chickadees (Poecile gambeli) across urban and rural habitats." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 67, no. 8 (August 2021): 572–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2020-0320.

Full text

Abstract:

Host-associated microbial communities play important roles in wildlife health, but these dynamics can be influenced by environmental factors. Urbanization has numerous effects on wildlife; however, the degree to which wildlife-associated bacterial communities and potential bacterial pathogens vary across urban–rural/native habitat gradients remains largely unknown. We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to examine bacterial communities found on Mountain Chickadee (Poecile gambeli) feathers and nests in urban and rural habitats. The feathers and nests in urban and rural sites had similar abundances of major bacterial phyla and dominant genera with pathogenic members. However, richness of bacterial communities and potential pathogens on birds were higher in urban habitats, and potential pathogens accounted for some of the differences in bacterial occurrence between urban and rural environments. We predicted habitat using potential pathogen occurrence with a 90% success rate for feather bacteria, and a 72.2% success rate for nest bacteria, suggesting an influence of urban environments on the presence of potential pathogens. We additionally observed similarities in bacterial communities between nests and their occupants, suggesting bacterial transmission between them. These findings improve our understanding of the bacterial communities associated with urban wildlife and suggest that urbanization impacts the composition of wildlife-associated bacterial communities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Yahya, Tahmina, and Sulemani Yahya. "Social Characteristics and Differences of Urban and Rural Communities." Journal La Sociale 1, no. 5 (November 28, 2020): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v1i5.204.

Full text

Abstract:

The study aims at describing urban communities and rural communities. A village community is a society whose inhabitants enjoy a major source of livelihood in the agriculture, fishing, livestock sector, or a combination thereof, and whose cultural and social systems support these livelihoods. The characteristics of village communities include the general life order of the group based on kinship. Meanwhile, the urban community is an association of people who live in the center of economic activity, government, arts, science and so on. Urban people seek their livelihoods on average using sophisticated technology, such as using machine power, computers and others.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Mahbob, Maizatul Haizan, Noorazwa Rahmat, and Wan Idros Wan Sulaiman. "The acceptance of government transformation program (GTP) among urban and rural communities." Media and communication as antecedents to the transformation agenda in Malaysia 25, no. 2 (December 7, 2015): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.25.2.08mah.

Full text

Abstract:

Government Transformation Program (GTP) is a social innovation program aimed to transform Malaysian public services, and social affairs, such as improving integrity of public servants, national security, education, public transport, rural development and the cost of living in order to increase social wellbeing. The objectives of this study are to identify the differences in the acceptance of social innovation, particularly GTP and to examine factors influencing the acceptance among urban and rural communities. Through this comparison, the government can focus its GTP advocacy in urban and rural areas based on the factors that have been identified. This research used a survey of 200 people around Kuala Lumpur and one of the FELDA settlements in Kulai, Johor. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. In terms of acceptance level, the study found that rural communities are more receptive to GTP compared to urban communities. Factors influencing the acceptance of GTP among these two communities are also different. For the urban communities, the influencing factors are usefulness and self efficacy, while among the rural communities, are compatibility, familiarity and self-efficacy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Klann, Alexandra, Linh Vu, Mollie Ewing, Mark Fenton, and Rachele Pojednic. "Translating Urban Walkability Initiatives for Older Adults in Rural and Under-Resourced Communities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17 (August 22, 2019): 3041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173041.

Full text

Abstract:

The built environment can promote physical activity in older adults by increasing neighborhood walkability. While efforts to increase walkability are common in urban communities, there is limited data related to effective implementation in rural communities. This is problematic, as older adults make up a significant portion of rural inhabitants and exhibit lower levels of physical activity. Translating lessons from urban strategies may be necessary to address this disparity. This review examines best practices from urban initiatives that can be implemented in rural, resource-limited communities. The review of the literature revealed that simple, built environment approaches to increase walkability include microscale and pop-up infrastructure, municipal parks, and community gardens, which can also increase physical activity in neighborhoods for urban older adults. These simple and cost-effective strategies suggest great potential for rural communities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Oladele, O. Ososanya, and R. Brieger William. "Rural-urban mobility in southwestern Nigeria: implications for HIV/AIDS transmission from urban to rural communities." Health Education Research 9, no. 4 (1994): 507–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/9.4.507.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Wang, Gui Xiu. "Design Suggestions of New Rural Communities on Rural Living Habits." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1726–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1726.

Full text

Abstract:

Development of rural community relates to the overall development of China's urbanization, and is one of the key issues to improve farmers' quality of life. This study attempts to find out problems in the new community through investigation on the new type rural communities currently, analyzes root causes of problems, different agglomeration state, traditional living habits, living factors between rural and urban, sums up full functionality mode of new rural communities, and gives the concrete proposal in community planning, public space and residential construction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

HASEYAMA, TOSHIRO. "A Study of Symbiosis between Rural and Urban Communities." JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 17, no. 4 (1999): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.17.319.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Andrino, Ariadne Barros, Priscila De Morais Lima, and Fernando Jorge Correa Magalhães Filho. "WASTE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES IN URBAN AND RURAL QUILOMBOLA COMMUNITIES." Revista AIDIS de Ingeniería y Ciencias Ambientales. Investigación, desarrollo y práctica 11, no. 3 (December 6, 2018): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iingen.0718378xe.2018.11.3.58994.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Fleming, Robin. "RURAL ELITES AND URBAN COMMUNITIES IN LATE-SAXON ENGLAND." Past and Present 141, no. 1 (1993): 3–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/past/141.1.3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Pan, Yuan, Stuart Marshall, and Lorraine Maltby. "Prioritising ecosystem services in Chinese rural and urban communities." Ecosystem Services 21 (October 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.07.011.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Zhu, Xiaoqing, Tiancheng Zhang, Weijun Gao, and Danying Mei. "Analysis on Spatial Pattern and Driving Factors of Carbon Emission in Urban–Rural Fringe Mixed-Use Communities: Cases Study in East Asia." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 13, 2020): 3101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083101.

Full text

Abstract:

Urban-intensive areas are responsible for an estimated 80% of greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide. The urban–rural fringe areas emit more greenhouse gases than urban centers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial pattern and driving factors of carbon emissions in urban–rural fringe mixed-use communities, and to develop planning methods to reduce carbon emissions in communities. This study identifies mixed-use communities in East Asian urban–rural fringe areas as industrial, commercial, tourism, and rental-apartment communities, subsequently using the emission factor method to calculate carbon emissions. The statistical information grid analysis and geographic information systems spatial analysis method are employed to analyze the spatial pattern of carbon emission and explore the relationship between established space, industrial economy, material consumption, social behavior, and carbon emission distribution characteristics by partial least squares regression, ultimately summing up the spatial pattern of carbon emission in the urban–rural fringe areas of East Asia. Results show that (1) mixed-use communities in the East Asian urban–rural fringe areas face tremendous pressure to reduce emissions. Mixed-use community carbon emissions in the late urbanization period are lower than those the early urbanization. (2) Mixed-use community carbon emission is featured by characteristics, such as planning structure decisiveness, road directionality, infrastructure directionality, and industrial linkage. (3) Industrial communities produce the highest carbon emissions, followed by rental-apartment communities, business communities, and tourism communities. (4) The driving factor that most affects the spatial distribution of carbon emissions is the material energy consumption. The fuel consumption per unit of land is the largest driver of carbon emissions. Using the obtained spatial pattern and its driving factors of carbon emissions, this study provides suggestions for planning and construction, industrial development, material consumption, and convenient life guidance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Scott, Mark, and Michael Murray. "Housing Rural Communities: Connecting Rural Dwellings to Rural Development in Ireland." Housing Studies 24, no. 6 (November 2009): 755–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673030903223138.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Han, Chengming. "Urban-Rural Mental Health Disparities in China: The Neighborhood Effects." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.316.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This paper intended to explore the neighborhood effects on mental health disparities of urban and rural residents in Mainland China. Data were drawn from the CHARLS baseline (2011). The sample included 450 neighborhoods, with 3907 urban residents and 13,391 rural residents older than 45 years old. Multilevel model was used to determine the neighborhoods’ effects and individual effects on depressive symptom scores (CES-D). Independent variables included social activities, health status, and demographic characteristics. The result reveals three context effects of urban-rural neighborhoods: first, people living in urban communities reported better physical health, higher educational levels, and lower depressive symptoms than their rural counterparts. Second, people living in urban communities are more engaged in social activities than people living in rural villages. Third, the urban neighborhoods present more variations in depressive symptoms and social activities than the rural neighborhoods.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Nakibuuka, Jane, Martha Sajatovic, Joaniter Nankabirwa, Anthony J. Furlan, James Kayima, Edward Ddumba, Elly Katabira, and Jayne Byakika-Tusiime. "Stroke-Risk Factors Differ between Rural and Urban Communities: Population Survey in Central Uganda." Neuroepidemiology 44, no. 3 (2015): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000381453.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Socioeconomic transition is changing stroke risk factors in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed stroke-risk factors and their associated characteristics in urban and rural Uganda. Methods: We surveyed 5,420 urban and rural participants and assessed the stroke-risk factor prevalence and socio-behavioural characteristics associated with risk factors. Results: Rural participants were older with higher proportions of men and fewer poor compared to urban areas. The most prevalent modifiable stroke-risk factors in all areas were hypertension (27.1% rural and 22.4% urban, p = 0.004), overweight and obesity (22.0% rural and 42% urban, p < 0.0001), and elevated waist hip ratio (25.8% rural and 24.1% urban, p = 0.045). Diabetes, smoking, physical inactivity, harmful alcohol consumption were found in ≤5%. Age, family history of hypertension, and waist hip ratio were associated with hypertension in all, while BMI, HIV were associated with hypertension only in urban dwellers. Sex and family history of hypertension were associated with BMI in all, while age, socio-economic status and diabetes were associated with BMI only in urban dwellers. Conclusions: The prevalence of stroke-risk factors of diabetes, smoking, inactivity and harmful alcohol consumption was rare in Uganda. Rural dwellers belonging to a higher age group tended to be with hypertension and elevated waist hip ratio. Unlike high-income countries, higher socioeconomic status was associated with overweight and obesity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Oscarson, Renee A., Mary T. Bowne, Debra A. DeBates, Julie A. Bell, and Sherri S. Bair. "Assessing Rural Communities through Youth Photography." Journal of Youth Development 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2012.145.

Full text

Abstract:

Despite frequent concerns about youth and young adult migration from rural to urban areas, most measures used to assess youth in rural community research have been developed by adults. Accurate understanding of youth community perceptions necessitates youth input into the research process. The participatory research strategy described here, using photography to describe community, enables youth to define community and identify what they value about their communities. Photographs and explanations of the photographs indicated that youth value places (schools, churches, as well as locations unique to communities) and people from those communities. Photovoice, photography-based participatory-action research, is a feasible and engaging method for obtaining youth perspectives on community issues. Further, Photovoice may be adapted to the needs of different age groups and situations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Forchuk, Cheryl, Elsabeth Jensen, Mary-Lou Martin, Rick Csiernik, and Heather Atyeo. "Psychiatric Crisis Services in Three Communities." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 29, S5 (January 1, 2010): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-2010-0035.

Full text

Abstract:

This study compared communities with three models of crisis service: (a) police as part of a specialized mental health team, (b) mental health worker as part of a specialized police team, and (c) informal relationship between police and mental health crisis service. Rural and urban areas were examined and compared. Data included focus groups and participant observation. Analysis revealed that while all communities valued their crisis services, all identified limitations in responsiveness, access, and systems-related issues. Quick access to psychiatric beds was important to services. Rural communities had no public transportation, and an important police role was safe transportation. In rural communities, mental health workers were generalists because they had to be able to address situations on their own. In urban areas, transportation was more readily available, and more specialization developed among mental health team members.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Rasool Javaheri, Khodadad, Ali Moghaddamjou, Caroline Speers, and Winson Y. Cheung. "Causes of urban-rural disparities in adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for rectal cancer (RC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e14603-e14603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e14603.

Full text

Abstract:

e14603 Background: While urban-rural differences in cancer care are well described, the etiology of these disparities is unclear. Our aims were to 1) characterize differences in AC use based on community size and 2) determine if such disparities are mediated through variations in driving distance (DD) and travel time (TT) to closest cancer center. Methods: Patients diagnosed with stage 2 and 3 RC from 1999 to 2009 and referred to any 1 of 5 regional cancer centers in British Columbia were reviewed. Communities were classified as rural, small urban, moderate urban and large urban based on census data. Using zip codes and a distance matrix application interface, DD and TT to the closest cancer center were determined and categorized into quartiles. Stepwise logistic regression models were constructed to explore AC use based on urban vs rural communities, adjusting for DD and TT. Results: A total of 3,017 patients were identified: median age was 67 years (IQR 58-75), 64% were men and 58% received AC. Patients were distributed across various communities: rural 36%; small urban 12%; moderate urban 13%; and large urban 39%. There were no differences in baseline patient and disease characteristics based on community size (all p>0.05). Compared to patients in large urban centers, those living in rural, small urban and moderate urban areas were less likely to be treated with AC (62 vs 49 vs 54 vs 58%, respectively, p<0.001). Likewise, DD and TT were shortest for large urban and longest for rural residents (both p<0.001). In multivariate analyses that controlled for confounders, urban-rural disparities in receipt of AC persisted, but these differences significantly diminished after adjusting for DD, TT, or both (Table). Conclusions: Urban-rural disparities in AC use is partly mediated by commute. Strategic distribution of cancer services that reduce DD and TT to cancer centers may improve access to AC for a number of RC patients who are living in smaller communities. [Table: see text]

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Yu, Jingyu, Guixia Ma, and Shuxia Wang. "Do Age-Friendly Rural Communities Affect Quality of Life? A Comparison of Perceptions from Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 7283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147283.

Full text

Abstract:

The aging population in rural areas of China faces serious challenges due to urban–rural disparities. In order to improve the active aging of rural older adults, the establishment of age-friendly communities is encouraged. However, globally, the focus is on age-friendly communities in urban areas, not reflecting rural communities. Hence, we addressed the importance of age-friendly rural communities (AFRCs) and aimed to investigate their impact on the quality of life (QoL) of older adults. We examined different perceptions of AFRCs among older adults (aged over 60) and middle-aged people (45–60) in rural communities with questionnaire surveys (n = 470 and 393, respectively). Several statistical methods, such as Chi-squared test, t-test, reliability test, and multiple regression, were adopted to investigate and compare the perceptions of these two. The results indicated that (1) middle-aged people were more satisfied with AFRC components and had a higher QoL than older adults; (2) the QoL of middle-aged people was predicted by housing, accessibility, and outdoor spaces; (3) the QoL of older adults was affected by housing, outdoor spaces, social participation, and public transportation. These findings aid in our understanding of rural communities and the QoL of rural residents. They are helpful for urban planners and policymakers to improve the planning of AFRCs and supplement research on age-friendly communities in rural areas. Practical implementations are proposed for the planning of AFRCs, such as the passive design of residential housing, grouping of community facilities together, and improvement in the hygiene of outdoor spaces in rural areas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Kim, Steffi M., and Jordan P. Lewis. "PROTECTIVE FACTORS IN THE CONTEXT OF SUCCESSFUL AGING IN URBAN-DWELLING ALASKA NATIVE ELDERS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1232.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Recently, researchers have been exploring successful aging in rural communities of Alaska as it is experienced by Alaska Native Elders. Due to outmigration based on economic, medical, or familial influences, many Alaska Native elders leave their home communities to live in urban settings in Alaska, even though research suggests that most elders would like to remain in their home communities to grow old. Very little is known about the relocation process and how it impacts an elder’s views on successful aging. While established protective factors in rural communities involve family and extended family members, community, subsistence, and traditional activities, there is little knowledge of which protective factors exist in urban settlements supporting successful aging. This exploratory, qualitative study presents the protective factors of successful aging in the context of relocation of Alaska Native Elders from rural to urban dwellings. A life course approach and discourse analysis were used to analyze individual interviews asking how Alaska Native Elders experienced relocation and how successful aging was experienced similarly and differently in rural and in urban settings. A community-based participatory approach allowed for collaboration between researchers and communities as equal partners at all phases of the process, both contributing their expertise to enhance understanding of successful aging and supportive factors. Access to informal supports and meaningful community engagement were more important to rural Elders, and access to health care services and family engagement were important to Elders in urban communities. Challenges remain for Elders in urban environments to establish a sense of community.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Wiese, Lisa, Lyn Holley, and M. Aaron Guest. "Aging in Rural Communities: Advocacy Does Matter." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 563–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1858.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Disparities in health care information and access often experienced by rural residents exacerbate health risks of older adults. The purpose of this symposium is to highlight efforts in varied rural settings to develop new information that contributes to identifying, assessing, and addressing the causes of these disparities, thus informing and strengthening advocacy and intervention. Mi and Ma address an unmet need for the description of challenges related to the extensive migration of Chinese rural workers and their families (46 million increase since 2011) that has exacerbated disparity of Social Security access. They describe barriers to establishing eligibility of these newly urban families for social services as they change from rural farmers to urban householders. Asman and Sisofo discuss barriers to working successfully with an alliance of diverse city, county, and state organizations to meet perceived needs of three categories of rural older adults: 1)active but denies aging, 2)adapting to aging and achieving satisfaction; and 3)dependent aging. Using a novel measure to determine true needs of their rural older communities resulted in benchmarks, which the alliance used in creating their strategic plan. Ford and colleagues tested a church-based program in a rural African American setting to facilitate chronic disease management. They tested the efficacy of utilizing online resources in underserved settings. Wiese and Williams investigated stakeholder perceptions/knowledge regarding dementia at six diverse rural sites. Although 71% of participants believed heart disease and poor diet increased dementia risk and were willing to be screened, only 15% had been tested for memory loss.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Ethridge, Glacia, Paige N. Dunlap, Quintin Boston, and Bridget H. Staten. "Ex-Offenders in Rural Settings Seeking Employment." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 45, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.45.4.56.

Full text

Abstract:

Rural communities represent unique challenges for the reentering ex-ojfenders. In addition to having access to fewer resources, employment, and limited tax base, rural communities have a unique culture, values, and beliefs that may further increase barriers to employment for ex-offenders. The purpose of this article is to examine characteristics of rural communities that serve as barriers to employment for ex-offenders, to contrast rural and urban issues, and to examine employers' hiring practices in rural communities. Implicationsfor rehabilitation counselors are provided.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Gonzalez Mateu, Martina, Cedric Park, Cullen McAskill, Andrew Baldwin, and Stephanie Yarwood. "Urbanization Altered Bacterial and Archaeal Composition in Tidal Freshwater Wetlands Near Washington DC, USA, and Buenos Aires, Argentina." Microorganisms 7, no. 3 (March 6, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7030072.

Full text

Abstract:

Urban expansion causes coastal wetland loss, and environmental stressors associated with development can lead to wetland degradation and loss of ecosystem services. This study investigated the effect of urbanization on prokaryotic community composition in tidal freshwater wetlands. Sites in an urban, suburban, and rural setting were located near Buenos Aires, Argentina, and Washington D.C., USA. We sampled soil associated with two pairs of functionally similar plant species, and used Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to examine changes in prokaryotic communities. Urban stressors included raw sewage inputs, nutrient pollution, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Prokaryotic communities changed along the gradient (nested PerMANOVA, Buenos Aires: p = 0.005; Washington D.C.: p = 0.001), but did not differ between plant species within sites. Indicator taxa included Methanobacteria in rural sites, and nitrifying bacteria in urban sites, and we observed a decrease in methanogens and an increase in ammonia-oxidizers from rural to urban sites. Functional profiles in the Buenos Aires communities showed higher abundance of pathways related to nitrification and xenobiotic degradation in the urban site. These results suggest that changes in prokaryotic taxa across the gradient were due to surrounding stressors, and communities in urban and rural wetlands are likely carrying out different functions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Bakre, Olayemi, and Nirmala Dorasamy. "Driving urban-rural migration through investment in water resource management in subsistence farming: the case of Machibini." Environmental Economics 8, no. 1 (April 12, 2017): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.08(1).2017.07.

Full text

Abstract:

The once thriving subsistence farming community of Machibini is currently defunct due to water shortages, inadequacy of governmental support and better livelihood in urban communities. This community alongside its neighbouring communities is characterized by poverty. A variety of strategies and initiatives has been initiated to address the cyclical poverty amongst these communities. This paucity has driven the youths to urban centres as a means of securing a better livelihood. More so, the constant ebb of mass rural-urban migration has created voluminous challenges. As an agendum to creating a viable farming community in Machibini and “instigating an urban-rural migration”, the paper recommends the reallocation of the surplus budgets of this community to the investment of water resource management as a strategy of transforming the subsistence into commercial farming, thereby creating employment opportunities for the unemployed rural, as well as urban dwellers, while reducing poverty to a reasonable extent.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Moon, Junghoon, Joowon Park, Gu Hyun Jung, and Young Chan Choe. "The Impact of IT Development on Rural Communities 1n Korea." International Studies Review 10, no. 1 (October 15, 2009): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-01001005.

Full text

Abstract:

The Internet has brought massive changes to human lives. Among the various positive and negative influences are the rural-urban digital divide, which refers to the information technology gap between rural and urban areas. The Korean government has made several effortS to close this digital divide. The main goal of this study is to identify how the personal and social lives of rural residents are affected by IT development in rural areas, and how the residents perceive the effect of IT development. To accomplish this goal, a survey research was conducted. A questionnaire was developed based on the current body of literature, and used to collect data. The questionnaire was distributed to rural residents in Korea and 272 responses our of a total of 300 collected were usable. Regression analysis methods were used for the analysis. On the analysis where the IT development index was used as an independent variable, positive relationships were found between the independent variables and some dependent variables such as perceived usefulness for jobs, IT usage skills, and tendencies of rural to urban migration. Findings show that rural residents are worried that IT development in rural areas may cause job loss in their respective communities, and decrease social interaction. However, positive perceptions were also apparent, as participants believed IT is useful for communications within the community, as well as better education and medical services.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Kousis, Maria. "Environmental Protest Cases: The City, The Countryside, and The Grassroots in Southern Europe." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 4, no. 2 (September 1, 1999): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.4.2.c717277475n66645.

Full text

Abstract:

Systematic cross-national analysis of environmental activism in urban and rural communities is nonexistent for Southern Europe. This article uses protest-case analysis to trace local environmental protest cases (not events) of urban and rural communities in Greece, Spain, and Portugal from the end of their dictatorial periods in the 1970s until 1994. The findings show a convergence between urban and rural environmental claims and protest actions, especially in the later period. Rural groups are more limited in terms of their social networks, and are less numerous than urban ones. A critical development during the twenty-year period is the emergence of a small but potent minority of urban and rural protesters. Findings show that they are (1) extensive and heterogeneous in terms of networks and claims, and (2) numerous and intensive in terms of collective action participation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Mohammad Nurunnabi, Ferdous Hasan, Nazia Chowdhury, Farzana Arzu Khan, Fazlur Rahim Kaiser, Sabrin Radi, and Tanzil Sajjad. "Knowledge, Awareness and Practices on Dengue Fever in Rural and Urban Communities." Z H Sikder Women’s Medical College Journal 3, Number 1 (January 1, 2021): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47648/zhswmcj.2021.v0301.03.

Full text

Abstract:

In the recent years dengue fever has become global public health concern as there has a dramatic increase of cases of dengue in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, predominantly in urban and rural areas. A community based cross sectional study was conducted among purposively selected 347 participants to ascertain the knowledge, awareness and practices on dengue fever in rural (n=196) and urban (n=151) communities of the Sylhet division, Bangladesh. Mosquito bite as mode of spread (61.22%, 82.12%), Aedes mosquito as the vector (40.83%, 64.52%), day as biting time (40.83%, 64.52%), stagnant water as breeding place (58.16%, 74.83%) and removal of water stagnation as eliminations of breeding place (40.31%, 64.90%) was mainly reported by study participants respectively in rural and urban communities. Fever (53.7%, 68.27%) was identified as a leading symptom of dengue fever. Using of bed nets (61.73%) was a conjoint recognition in rural whereas window screen (40.40%) in urban as effective measures for controlling mosquito bite. Besides preventive measures like use of bed nets (47.96%, 27.81%), window screen (7.14%, 48.34%) and for control measures removal of water stagnation (31.12%, 58.94%) was mostly utilized method in both settings. The awareness on dengue fever found good in both rural and urban communities but knowledge and preventive practices were considerably low which is predominant in rural. It could be improved through increase community participation and educational campaigns.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Rural and urban communities'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles