Academic literature on the topic 'Rural development Credit, Agricultural Organizations, Agricultural'
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Journal articles on the topic "Rural development Credit, Agricultural Organizations, Agricultural"
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Fabusoro, Eniola, M. MARUYAMA, H. Y. FU, and C. I. ALARIMA. "HELPING PEASANT FARMERS IN NIGERIA THROUGH AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES: LESSONS FROM JAPAN AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE MODEL." Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment 17, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v17i1.1785.
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Japan agricultural cooperative known as JA in Japan is the citadel of small farmers’ livelihoods. For almost 60 years, JA was the driving force behind small farmer-supportive policy in Japan. The reverse is the case in Nigeria where agricultural cooperatives are not tailored towards organized support; therefore Nigerian farmers face the brunt of the market, policy and economy. While there are emerging challenges for JA, its relevance remains undaunted in marketing, farm guidance, credit, insurance, and subsidy among others. The paper examines the need for adapting the JA agricultural cooperative model in Nigeria and the needed institutional contexts. Alleviating rural poverty in Nigeria requires building farmers capacity through cohesive farmers’ organizations that will act as channels for introducing agricultural technologies for production and processing, gaining access to quality inputs, credit and technology, reduce farm gate losses and enhance harmers access to market and generally improving their capacity for negotiating better deals in the political system and gaining more control over their socioeconomic position in the Nigerian social system. The JA model of agricultural cooperatives is a relevant case study to building an organization that would meet farmers’ needs and help in agricultural development.
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Zhukov, N. I., and N. A. Korneva. "Macroeconomic Aspects of Strategy for Rural Spatial Development Management in Russia." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 10 (2020): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2020-0-10-16-22.
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The article discusses and reveals the problems of strategic management of spatial development in the agricultural sector of the Russian economy at the macro-economic level, which include both territorial location and specialization of production, and exogenous mechanisms of functioning of the rural economy, which collectively concludes the concept of “rural development”. The approaches of representatives of the scientific community to the characterization of the essence of the category – “strategic management” as a long-term action program are presented. In the agricultural sector, it has different directions of impact due to spatial heterogeneity, which is manifested in the territorial differentiation of production (rental) opportunities for agricultural production in different administrative-territorial units of the corresponding hierarchical scale. This is aggravated by a non-adaptive agrarian macroeconomic policy, market imperfections, fetishization of private, especially land ownership, as well as unjustified absolutization of the advantages of large forms of agricultural production. The overstated role of foreign capital in agriculture, food and processing industries creates significant social, economic and environmental risks. In the agricultural and food sector of country’s economy, including the location and specialization of agricultural production, it is necessary to develop and adopt at the Federal level legislative acts that would encourage the integration of producers, processors, service enterprises, trade and credit and financial organizations, and consumer unions in the regions. To do this, it is necessary to develop a new, science-based paradigm of strategic management of rural development, regional distribution and specialization of agricultural production based on an objective assessment of modern productive forces, which are limited by the framework of private property and unregulated market relations, with a critical approach to large-scale forms of agricultural production.
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Hotak, Shafiq Rahman. "Ways to Improve the Organizational and Economic Framework for the Use of Marketing in Agriculture in the Context of Modernization of the Economy." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 3051–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35520.
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After 20 years of neglect by international patrons, agriculture is now again in the headlines because high food prices are increasing food anxiety and poverty. In the coming years, it will be important to increase food productivity and production in developing countries, expressly in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asian countries like Afghanistan with smallholders. This, however, wants finding viable solutions to a number of complex procedural, institutional, and policy issues, including land markets, research on seeds and inputs, agricultural extension, credit, rural organization, connection to markets, rural non-farm employment, trade policy and food price stabilization. This paper reviews what the economic poetry has to say on these topics. It debates in turn the role played by agriculture in the development course and the interactions between agriculture and other economic sectors, the determinants of the Green Revolt and the foundations of agricultural growth, issues of income diversification by farmers, approaches to rural growth, and issues of international trade policy and food security, which have been at the root of the crisis in agricultural commodity instability in recent years.
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Akimbekova, Galiya, Elena Horská, and Gulnur Yegizbayeva. "Evaluation of the Development pf Various Forms of Agriculture Cooperation in the Republic of Kazakhstan." Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 6, no. 1 (May 24, 2017): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vjbsd-2017-0007.
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Abstract The article analyzes the current situation in the agricultural complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the necessity of combining small farms in the cooperative structure, evaluation of existing forms of cooperatives in agriculture are substantiated (production cooperatives, rural consumer cooperatives, rural consumer cooperatives of water users), a map of their location in the context of regions of the country is shown, problems hindering their development are revealed, particularly the formation and development trends of each of them, the economic indicators of production of products are given, together with their organizational structure, etc. On the basis of the conducted analysis of the production conditions, rural consumers and rural consumer cooperatives of water users, problems hindering their development are revealed, the positive and negative trends in the development of various forms of agricultural cooperation are assessed, and proposals has been substantiated in order to improve the regulatory framework, mechanisms of state support, credit and financial mechanisms, etc.
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Xiang, Cheng, Xiangping Jia, and Jikun Huang. "Microfinance through non-governmental organizations and its effects on formal and informal credit." China Agricultural Economic Review 6, no. 2 (April 29, 2014): 182–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-04-2013-0062.
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Purpose – Internationally, microfinance run by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is often considered an important approach to meeting the credit demand of rural households, particularly among the poor. However, the perceived competitions with formal financial institutions and concerns about financial risks in the rural economy have impeded the development of microfinance by NGOs in China. Despite these concerns about NGO microfinance, little empirical evidence has been brought to prove them. The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence of the relationship between NGO microfinance and farmers’ demand for formal and informal credit in rural China. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on a household longitudinal data set consisting of 749 households from 40 microfinance villages in rural China. This study draws evidence from China's largest NGO microfinance. Out of the five county branches where China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation has launched institutionalized microfinance since 2006, the authors selected two of them. A random sampling approach was applied in surveying villages and households. In an effort to create impact assessments, the authors surveyed the detailed information on household characteristics and credit access during the period 2006-2009. A panel data is thus structured for the analysis. Findings – The authors found that the demand for credit in rural China is immense and rising, as formal financial institutions have gradually moved away from less developed regions in rural areas. In its place, informal lending has become a primary source of credit for the poor. However, where NGO microfinance has become available, both formal and informal credit has slowed down. The development and expansion of NGO microfinance did stand up as a substitution for institutional lenders and informal financial networks. Research limitations/implications – The findings have profound policy implications. First, since the development of NGO microfinance fill the demand for credit in rural China and poses low financial risk, the intellectual bias against NGO microfinance is unwarranted. In particular, the regulations that hamper the development of NGO microfinance should be corrected. Second, informal networks do not appear to be costless. Where NGO microfinance can substitute for them, it can mitigate the financial stresses related to the informal credit market.
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Kropivko, M., and D. Mykytyuk. "Functioning of credit cooperation: foreign experience and challenges for Ukraine." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 2(151) (December 16, 2019): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2019-151-2-89-95.
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It is established that the existing banking system is aimed primarily at lending to highly concentrated agricultural enterprises and is not adapted to the needs of small rural businesses. Therefore, the creation of an effective mechanism for lending to small and medium-sized agricultural entities through a credit cooperative system is of particular relevance. Rural credit co-operation is a parallel to banks, an alternative financial system that has begun to firmly occupy a niche in the country's credit and financial system. Its line of business is financial services for small and medium-sized entrepreneurs and villagers who cannot be serviced by banks in rural areas. It is proved that the effective activity of credit cooperation is conditioned by the creation of appropriate prerequisites. This is, first of all, voluntary establishment of credit cooperative institutions and accumulation of funds of individuals and legal entities; the purpose of the credit cooperative to ensure the mode of greatest assistance to its participants in credit, settlement, consulting, and other types of services; recognition of the variety of organizational forms of credit cooperative institutions; the direction of use of accumulated financial resources mainly for production purposes; providing financial support to the credit cooperative and legal and consulting assistance from the state. It is determined that the economic essence of credit cooperation is largely determined not by the type and nature of the participants' activity, but by the specifics of the actions and functions that they cooperate with. The involvement of unions of temporarily free funds of all categories of the population will allow to use its income in the areas of residence, in particular to direct them to the development of the agricultural sector. The creation of credit unions should be seen as encouraging the development of small businesses, including: promoting the development of production and processing of agricultural products in personal peasant and small farms, as well as the development of other small forms of farming in the agricultural sector and processing industry (including the promotion of the creation of agricultural service providers cooperatives); expanding the availability of credit resources for private farms and farms, as well as for cooperative units for the production, processing and marketing of agricultural products and services. Keywords: credit cooperation, credit union, population, personal peasant economy, farming, state.
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Vlasyuk, S. A., O. V. Rolinskyi, and Yu A. Tsymbalyuk. "Entrepreneurship as a special type of agricultural activity." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 2, no. 97 (December 28, 2020): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2020-97-2-178-187.
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Today, in Ukraine and, of course, all over the world, the agricultural sector is an important component of the economy. As an agrarian country with huge natural resources, the agricultural sector in Ukraine is a potential branch of entrepreneurship that needs to be developed. Systematic review of the scientific sources of existing researches in the field of agriculture taking into account the current challenges concerning researches contextualizing on the nature of entrepreneurship and focusing on its role in the agricultural sector is important. The purpose of this article is to substantiate theoretically the essence, organizational-and-legal forms and other basic aspects of the functioning of business structures in the agricultural sector. It was found that entrepreneurial activity in Ukraine takes place in the context of reform and in constant conditions of complication of agricultural production, domestic economic environment and against the background of increasing globalization of the world economy. Intensive development of economic processes in the agricultural sector determined the objective need to adapt entrepreneurial activity to new business conditions due to the limited resource potential of each business entity. It was found that agriculture is a main factor in resource conservation, self-sufficiency, development of rural territories, social and cultural guarantees. However, there are problems that limit its development, such as employment mismatch, lack of effective entrepreneurial orientation and productive investment in the agricultural sector, inefficient credit policy, technological backwardness and underdeveloped infrastructure, imperfect support system, vulnerability of a significant part of the main beneficiaries in agriculture, inability of business structures in the agricultural sector to constructive competition in regional and international markets because of the lack of proper legal framework, etc. It was offered to consider the business structure as an organization that has specific features that allow forming alternative views on the future and combines several aspects of entrepreneurship and a flexible, mobile structure, specific decision-making mechanisms. Creating a business structure in the agricultural sector requires a balanced decision, because the relevant knowledge, innovative ideas, financial support, use of new technologies that are necessary for competitiveness at a global level play an important role in its further activities. Further development of entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector requires the formation of a favorable business environment, effective government support, development of financial support system, improvement of crediting regimes, implementation of regional programs, development and realization of measures for information, consulting and staffing support, infrastructure development, etc.
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Хафизов, Дафик, Dafik Khafizov, Марсель Хисматуллин, and Marsel Khismatullin. "PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION AND COOPERATION IN AGRICULTURAL TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 13, no. 2 (August 6, 2018): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5b350c302e2ca6.83557344.
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The article reflects the main statistical aspects characterizing the state of the modern market economy and the tourist industry. The dynamics of tourism development in Russia is analyzed, the potential of which is revealed on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. The place of rural tourism in the development of rural areas is promoted, which contributes to the improvement of accomplishment of settlements, the development of engineering and social infrastructure; creation of new jobs; reduction of the level of unemployment in rural areas, growth of incomes of rural residents, development of small business, as well as increasing the ecological attractiveness of rural areas; increase the cultural and cognitive level of the rural population; replenishment of local budgets with additional funds. The problems of organization and cooperation in rural tourism have been identified, which impede the effective use of the tourist destination space. The most acute of them are: the underestimation of the importance of rural tourism in solving a number of national and regional problems, such as the preservation of small settlements, the cultural and historical heritage of the territories, rural life, increasing incomes, improving the living conditions of the rural population, streamlining the use of natural objects ; the absence of a national concept and a well-defined national policy for the development of rural tourism; acute shortage of financial and credit resources, difficulties in obtaining land for these purposes; inadequate degree of regulation of issues of interaction between hosts of guest houses with state, controlling, tax authorities.
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Maksimović, Goran, Boţidar Milošević, and Radomir Jovanović. "CLUSTERS AS A FACTOR FOR THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SERBIAN ENCLAVES IN KOSOVO." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 30, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij300187m.
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Agricultural holdings in Serbian enclaves in Kosovo represent a paradise for the survival, development and return of the displaced Serbian people. The method of observation and the method of analysis have examined the operation of agricultural holdings and clusters of vertical clusters - through a chain of agricultural holdings and institutions, as well as horizontals - through related entities using the same channels, as well as all state and regional bodies that can influence creation, functioning, growth and development of the cluster. By the method of synthesis, the authors give a solution that agricultural holdings will survive in the Albanian environment and should be joined in the form of clusters and doping warehouse development and to be the driver of the overall economic prosperity of the Serbian population in Kosovo. Problems of agricultural holdings in rural areas in Kosovo and Metohia are numerous, so it is necessary to enter into organized, economic and institutional measures in order to achieve strategic goals. In order to improve competitiveness on the market, agricultural holdings propose strategic linking to clusters, so joint holdings try to compensate for what they lack; human resources, working resources, finances (access to favorable credit sources), securing expansion of business links, tracking development trends, exchange of information on strategies, openness to new ideas, participation in the time and possibility of realization of joint investments, joint supply, new knowledge (organization of seminars ), training and conferences, joint marketing, visitshops), technologies. Associated in clusters of households reduce operating costs through unified procurement, joint market presence, joint participation in marketing, branding and transport costs to the end customer. State of Serbia (adoption of adequate legal regulations, tax incentives, incentives) of the local government in the enclaves (a number of programs for awarding grants or programs in the form of co-financing for newly founded clusters, intended for purchase of fixed assets, work of the cluster office, certification and introduction of a system for quality management) and the Faculty of Agriculture in Leskovo as a scientific and professional institution have an important positive, stimulating, and constructive role in the establishment of clusters, by providing expert advice. The development of the cluster achieves the wider economic, social and general social interests of the Serbian community from increasing employment in rural areas, stimulation of young people to stay in Kosovo, upgrading agricultural production and preserving the environment as well as other aspects in rural areas.
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Sobolev, Alexander, Alexander Kurakin, Vladimir Pakhomov, and Irina Trotsuk. "Cooperation in Rural Russia: Past, Present and Future." Мир России 27, no. 1 (February 24, 2018): 65–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1811-038x-2018-27-1-65-89.
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Alexander Sobolev – Doctor of Science in Economics, Professor, Russian University of Cooperation. Address: 12/30, V.Voloshina St., Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation. E-mail: sobolev-alekc@mail.ru
Alexander Kurakin – Senior Researcher, Laboratory for Studies in Economic Sociology, National Research University Higher School of Economics; Senior Researcher, Center for Agrarian Studies, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA). Address: 11, Myasnitskaya St., Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation. E-mail: akurakin@hse.ru
Vladimir Pakhomov – Doctor of Science in Economics, Professor, Russian University of Cooperation. Address: 12/30, V.Voloshina St., Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation. E-mail: vmpahomov@yandex.ru
Irina Trotsuk – Doctor of Science in Sociology, Senior Researcher, Center for Agrarian Studies, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Associate Professor, RUDN University. Address: 82, Vernadskogo Av., Moscow, 119571, Russian Federation. E-mail: irina.trotsuk@yandex.ru
Citation: Sobolev A., Kurakin A., Pakhomov V., Trotsuk I. (2018) Cooperation in Rural Russia: Past, Present and Future. Mir Rossii, vol. 27, no 1, pp. 65–89. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2018-27-1-65-89
The authors consider cooperation as a specific, alternative form of economic organization to the standard business firm within a market economy, and focus on agricultural cooperation in Russia. First, the article engages with the key milestones of the history of cooperation in Russia: (1) the first attempts to establish cooperative organizations before the Russian Revolution (agricultural societies, agricultural partnerships and credit cooperatives) which gave the poor rural population a chance to improve living standards and ensured promising prospects for the long-term development of cooperation in all forms; (2) the dependent forms of consumer and production cooperation under the Soviet regime that deprived all collective forms of their true cooperative nature. In the second part of the article, the authors describe the current state of the cooperative movement in the Russian countryside and identify its basic features, such as opposition to family farming and the state capitalist tendencies of the concentration and vertical integration in the form of agroholdings; state rural cooperation policies which aim to promote and financially support small farming including the development of rural cooperatives; the number and types of cooperatives in the countryside; the reasons for debates on cooperation legislation; the viability of the main types of agricultural cooperatives (production, consumer, credit cooperation). Finally, the authors emphasize that cooperation in contemporary Russia does not fit the classic Western scheme of cooperative development and still has to overcome a number of substantial challenges (the soviet legacy, lack of bottom-up initiatives, the ideological and economic dominance of large-scale farming, poor academic expertise in the field of cooperation studies).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rural development Credit, Agricultural Organizations, Agricultural"
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Koussoubé, Estelle Mousson. "Institutions, Technology Adoption and Agricultural Development in Burkina Faso." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090024.
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Accroître la productivité agricole et favoriser le développement agricole sont nécessaires pour atteindre l’autosuffisance alimentaire et réduire la pauvreté dans les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne. La littérature a identifié plusieurs obstacles au développement agricole, notamment des contraintes environnementales etinstitutionnelles, ainsi que des contraintes d’accès aux ressources agricoles et non-agricoles. Une question demeure cependant, celle des politiques à mener pour promouvoir le développement agricole dans cette région du monde. Cette thèse aborde trois questions importantes relatives au développement agricole en Afrique subsaharienne, et au Burkina Faso en particulier. Elle étudie l’impact des institutions et des politiques sur les contraintes rencontrées par les agriculteurs et les ménages, ainsi que les outils capables de favoriser l’émergence d’institutions qui participeront au développement agricole. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse étudie le rôle des normes et des institutions dans la formation des organisations paysannes, et la participation des femmes dans ces organisations. Je montre que les femmes sont moins susceptibles de participer aux organisations d’agriculteurs. Le niveau relativement faible de la participation des femmes dans les organisations d’agriculteurs s’expliquerait par leur manque d’accès aux ressources, y compris aux informations, ainsi qu’au manque d’incitations reçues par les femmes. Le deuxième chapitre étudie les conditions d’émergence des marchés fonciers agricoles dans la région des Hauts-Bassins dans la zone cotonnière du Burkina Faso. Je mets en évidence le rle joué par les marchés fonciers dans l’égalisation des dotations foncières dans la région Les marchés fonciers permettent aux migrants d’avoir accès à la terre dans cette région du Burkina Faso. Enfin, le troisième chapitre de cette thèse cherche à comprendre la faible utilisation d’engrais chimiques par les agriculteurs. La faible utilisation d’engrais chimiques s’expliquerait par des facteurs autres que la rentabilité, notamment le manque d’accès des agriculteurs aux engrais et au crédit. S’appuyant sur la littérature théorique en économie et dans les autres sciences sociales, ainsi que sur plusieurs bases de données, cette thèse contribue à la compréhension des contraintes et opportunités pour le développement agricole en Afrique subsaharienneIncreasing agricultural productivity and fostering agricultural development are necessary for agriculture to play an effective role in food security and poverty reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa. The literature has identified several barriers to agricultural development, including environmental constraints, institutional constraints, as well as resource constraints. However, how to promote agricultural development in Sub-Saharan Africa remains a challenging issue. This dissertation addresses three important issues relating to agricultural development in Sub-Saharan Africa, and particularly in Burkina Faso. The dissertation considers how institutions and policies can have an impact on the constraints faced by individual farmers and households, and how to foster the emergence of institutions that will work for agricultural development. The first chapter of this dissertation investigates the role of norms and institutions in the formation of farmer organizations, and women’s participation in farmer organizations. The findings indicate that female farmers are less likely to participate in farmer organizations. The results suggest that the relatively low level of female participation in farmer organizations is explained by women’s lack of resources including information as well as a lack of incentives to participate. The second chapter studies the emergence conditions of land markets in the Hauts-Bassins region Burkina’s cotton zone. The chapter’s findings highlight the equalizing role of land markets in this region. Land markets enable migrants to gain access to land in this region. Last, the third chapter of this dissertation seeks to understand the relative, apparent low use of chemical fertilizers by farmers. The low uptake of chemical fertilizers might have been driven by factors other than profitability, including a lack of access to fertilizers and credit. Building on the theoretical literature in economics as well as the literature in other social sciences, and on various datasets, this dissertation contributes to enhancing the overall understanding of the issues faced by farmers in Sub-Saharan African countries and points towards further research in the economics of agricultural development as well as in the general economic literature
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Yossuck, Pradtana. "Factors contributing to the viability of farmer associations in Northern Thailand : multiple case study /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9964015.
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Alhassoumi, Hadizatou. "Innovations, dynamiques et mutations sociales : les femmes productrices de sésame de la Sirba (Ouest du Niger) et leurs initiatives collectives." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20012.
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Ce travail porte l’étude des innovations autour d’activités agricoles, notamment la valorisation de la culture du sésame considérée comme une culture de femmes dans l’Ouest du Niger. Pour appréhender les dynamiques en cours, l’étude procède d’une analyse des rapports de genre à travers les pratiques sociales et culturelles au sein du milieu concerné. L’analyse des processus d’émergence des initiatives collectives des femmes a permis de mettre en évidence des positions sociales mais aussi des capacités d’action ayant favorisé des reconnaissances institutionnelles. Les groupements constitués dans le cadre des activités maraîchères et de celles de la mise en valeur du sésame offrent un cadre d’apprentissage associatif favorable à la construction d’une identité collective. La mise en œuvre d’innovations techniques et les interactions qu’elles nécessitent permettent aux femmes l’acquisition de compétences contribuant à l’émergence d’une identité socioprofessionnelleThis study is based on innovations in agricultural activities, notably the valorization of sesame cultivation which is considered as women’s activity in Western Niger. To understand the current dynamisms, this study proceeds by analyzing gender relationship through social and cultural practices within the study region. The analyses of the emergence of women’s collective initiatives permitted us to bring to light their social positions and their capacity to act has greatly favored their institutional recognition. The groupings involved in horticultural activities and those valorizing sesame offer a favorable learning framework for the construction of collective identity. The implementation of technical innovations and the necessary interactions as a result let women acquire the competence that contributes to the emergence of their socioprofessional identity
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Achancho, Valantine. "Le rôle des organisations paysannes dans la professionnalisation de l'agriculture en afrique subsaharienne : le cas du Cameroun." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00935522.
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Dans tous les continents et en particulier dans les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne, les organisations paysannes ont toujours été au centre des politiques de développement de l'agriculture. Nombreuses et diversifiées, les organisations paysannes du Cameroun font l'objet d'une attention particulière de la part des pouvoirs publics qui depuis près de quatre décennies mettent en place des programmes de développement dont l'objectif principal est d'appuyer la professionnalisation de l'agriculture, à travers une structuration organisée du milieu rural. Le présent travail de recherche analyse le rôle des organisations paysannes dans la professionnalisation de l'agriculture. Il aborde et clarifie les notions de professionnalisation de l'agriculture et d'organisations paysannes à travers une approche sociologique et met en évidence la logique des programmes dits de professionnalisation, de même que les dynamiques d'organisation de producteurs agricoles qui évoluent au Cameroun. L'étude s'appuie sur des données d'observation des dynamiques d'organisations paysannes au Cameroun de 1994 à 2012 ainsi que du suivi des initiatives des projets d'appui aux organisations paysannes et aux filières agricoles. Les données collectées portent également sur une enquête réalisée auprès de 70 organisations paysannes dans les régions de l'Ouest, du Nord-ouest, du Sud-ouest, du Littoral et du Sud du Cameroun. Ces enquêtes ont permis de réaliser des entretiens de groupe avec environ 350 paysans issus d'organisations paysannes, et en particulier d'avoir des discussions plus approfondies avec 20 responsables d'organisations paysannes sur leur parcours et la nature de leur leadership. Sur la base des résultats obtenus, il a pu être établi que la professionnalisation de l'agriculture s'inscrit dans la logique des nouvelles offres " d'innovation " proposées par les partenaires du développement, avec pour objectif de contribuer au développement d'une agriculture plus performante dans les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne." [...] Suite et fin du résumé dans la thèse.
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Molinas, Vega Jose R. "Rethinking rural development: Making peasant organizations work. The case of Paraguay." 1997. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9809372.
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This dissertation studies the role of the collective action sector for rural development. A combination of formal modeling, historical and institutional analysis, and econometric methods is used in this research. I develop microeconomic models to analyze the determinants of peasants' decisions to join cooperative institutions, and the corresponding equilibrium fraction of organized peasants. The models suggest multiple organizational equilibria at both local and wider levels. Multiple cooperative equilibria is explained in general by the interplay of two increasing functions: (i) the proportion of cooperators as a function of the expected gains from cooperation, and (ii) the expected gains from cooperation as a function of the proportion of cooperators. The models also study the mechanisms through which cooperation beyond the local level can be achieved. Empirically, I analyze the motivations behind peasants' decisions to organize themselves, and once organized, the ways inequality, gender differences, social capital, and external assistance affect local cooperation. The empirical component of this dissertation is based on fieldwork with peasant organizations in the Paraguayan departments of Concepcion, San Pedro, and Caaguazu carried out between 1995-1996. The results of the fieldwork include two surveys: one of the leadership of 104 peasant committees and the other of 374 peasant households. The most important results of the econometric analysis are that the likelihood of a peasant household joining a peasant organization is an inverse function of higher outside options, the security of her/his landholdings, and the subjective costs of cooperation, and is a positive function of the performance of the cooperative. Cooperative performance is not monotonically related to either the degree of inequality within the community or the level of external assistance; rather, it is of an inverted U-shape form. Cooperative performance increases as the level of women's participation and social capital increases. This dissertation also explores the relationship between democracy and economic development by analyzing the agrarian political economy of Paraguay for the 1954-1996 period. It argues that (i) peasants' organizations play a significant role in rural development and (ii) there is scope for positive synergy between peasants' organizations and the level of political democracy in an agrarian country.
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Johnson, Nancy Leigh. "Rural financial markets and agricultural development an analysis of land tenure and credit reform in Mexico /." 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/84553958.html.
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Poliquit, Lolita Y. "Accessibility of rural credit among small farmers in the Philippines : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Rural Development, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1687.
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Credit plays an important role in agricultural development and it is believed that expansion of credit programmes will have beneficial effects on agricultural production and incomes of small farmers. It is also a key to poverty alleviation, livelihood diversification, and increasing the business skills of small farmers. In the Philippines, small-scale and subsistence agriculture source their loans mostly from informal lenders, thus access to formal credit remains low. There is a need to examine further small farmers’ access to credit and investigate their preferences and perceptions regarding credit in order that their access can be improved and their needs through credit can be more effectively met. Determining the problems and the credit needs of small farmers are important considerations in designing appropriate credit systems for them. Accessibility of rural credit in the Philippines was examined, with the primary objective of exploring the use of and access to rural credit by small farmers. This research attempts to explore and understand the perceptions of small farmers toward rural credit, and to collect information in proposing an appropriate credit system for them. Two types of respondents were interviewed for the research; 45 individual farmers, and four key informants in New Corella, Davao del Norte. The research focused on how the farmers perceived the rural credit facilities, their preferences, their reasons for borrowing, and their problems in accessing credit. Qualitative data analysis was done for the information gathered. Access to credit by farmers was limited to the available credit services in the research area, thus farmers’ choices and preferences were not well served which led to borrowing from informal lenders. Credit restrictions such as commodity specific credit programmes, credit that requires collateral, and lengthy and complicated procedures restricted the farmers from accessing formal credit. It is recommended that accessibility to credit by small farmers could be improved by providing innovative financing schemes that address problems of farmers who lack collateral, and minimise long processing of documents and other requirements. In this way, farmers may be encouraged to better utilise formal credit and decrease their reliance on informal lenders, thus avoiding higher interest rates and thereby increasing their farm productivity and household incomes.
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Kuhn, Manfred Edmund. "Improving access of low-income people to formal financial services : evidence from four microfinance organisations in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5502.
Full textAbstract:
The first aim of this research was to examine the current financial technologies, outreach and
fmancial viability over time (from 1997 to 2002) of four MFOs providing agricultural, microbusiness
and consumption credit in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa (SA).
Understanding the limitations and advantages of these financial technologies could facilitate
institutional reform to improve access by low-income people to viable formal financial
services in KZN. The second aim of this study was to estimate factors that affect the credit
rationing decision and applicant loan default at the MFO providing consumption credit
(MFOI), and the factors affecting default on medium-term agribusiness loans provided by
MF02 which was one of the agricultural MFOs. These analyses were intended to help to
improve client selection procedures and to reduce loan default rates at these MFOs.
Study results show that institutions that finance specifically agricultural activities could
improve the quality of their services by providing better access to branches and reducing loan
approval times through improved screening and administrative procedures. Making financial
services (consumption and production loans) available to both non-agricultural and
agricultural sectors would also help to reduce portfolio risks resulting from the covariant
incomes of small farmers. Savings mobilisation should also be considered, although
institutions need to develop appropriate capacity to handle savings before mobilising
deposits. The study shows too that the rural poor in SA have the capacity to save (for
example, the average number of active savings accounts held by individuals at MF02 rose to
474 052 in 2002).
Study results also suggest that the provision of both savings and loan services helps an
institution to reduce borrower transaction costs in accessing financial services and means that
savings can serve as a form of collateral and borrower information for lenders. Lenders need
to charge interest rates that reflect the true cost of lending in order to cover costs, given that
small loans to the rural poor in SA are risky and costly to administer. Charging a suitable
interest rate, however, is not a sufficient condition for achieving financial self-sustainability.
Reducing high arrears through stricter loan contract enforcement will also promote the
financial self-sustainability of MFOs in SA.
Moveable assets, such as vehicles and equipment, were not effective sources of collateral due
to the high costs of attaching these assets in rural parts of KZN. Cessions on sugarcane crops
were often constrained by flaws in collection mechanisms, where borrowers could deliver
sugarcane to sugar mills on non-borrower quota numbers. Secure and transferable property
rights were important preconditions if land was to have value as collateral. Collateral
substitutes such as joint liability mechanisms were less effective when lending to large farmer
groups (30 - 60 members) compared with small groups (4 - 6 individuals) of micro-entrepreneurs
operating in urban areas in SA. Costly legal action to recover debts further
undermined borrower accountability for loan repayment and thus did not discourage morally
hazardous activities. Reputational capital was an integral part of the financial technology
successfully used by MFO1, and could be more effectively developed by agricultural lenders
in SA if they strictly enforce the policy of denying borrowers access to future funds if they
default on previous loans.
Based on data over the period 1998 to 1999, less contactable borrowers that were employed in
sectors with a high likelihood of retrenchments, with higher debt-to-income ratios and with
more defaults and payment profile arrears, were more likely to be credit-rationed by MFO1
staff. Applicant contactability was another key part of MF01's monitoring intensive financial
technology, but constrains MFO1 from broadening its financial services to small businesses if
these are not easily contactable. Credit bureau information on previous loan default was
critical in this microfinance market where it is difficult to obtain formal collateral. The policy
implication is that lenders need to share default information and credit bureaus need to
correctly capture this information.
Borrowers with higher debt commitments, previous loan defaults, who were less contactable
and who worked in sectors where employment was less secure, were more likely to default at
MFO1. Low-income borrowers had lower levels of liquidity that reduced their ability to repay
debt. The influence of contactability in loan repayment highlights the trade-off between
monitoring-intensive and collateral-intensive technologies. Although MFO1 used reputational
capital as a collateral substitute, the imperfect nature of this collateral type necessitated
intensive client monitoring. Lender MFO1 also needed a well-diversified portfolio across
employment sectors to reduce the impact of systemic income risks. The impact of previous
credit history on loan repayment suggests again that this information can be an effective
collateral substitute if information is shared between lenders, and the rule of not granting
credit to defaulters is strictly enforced.
Based on data over the period 1993 to 1994, borrowers with smaller loans (lower asset bases
and smaller businesses), lower own equity contributions, engaged in contract ploughing and
cartage or broiler production ventures, with lower liquidity and with no previous borrowing
experience, were more likely to default of MF02's medium-term agricultural loans. Larger
borrowers had well-diversified asset bases that enabled them to better withstand negative
income shocks and reduced the need to divert funds for loan repayment to current
consumption. Improved liquidity generated from other sources of income (such as wage
remittances and other business ventures) also improved loan repayment ability. Lenders thus
need to focus on all sources of income, not just on the income generated by the investment
project for which finance is provided, in assessing client repayment capacity.
Ploughing contractors probably need closer monitoring to ensure that equipment is properly
maintained and that sufficient income can be generated from the business to repay loans.
These contractors could also be encouraged to diversify into contract transport activities that
provide more regular income. Given the increased competition and periodic outbreak of
disease in the chicken industry when the study was conducted, borrowers should be
encouraged to diversify to reduce price risk. Increasing the owner's equity stake in the
investment, while a second-best option, may be a suitable alternative where collateral is
ineffective in enforcing loan contracts. Borrowers that had an established record with the
lender tended to repay their loans, again highlighting the importance of reputation in a
borrower-lender relationship.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.
Books on the topic "Rural development Credit, Agricultural Organizations, Agricultural"
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Umesh, Prasad, ed. Agricultural credit and NABARD. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 2003.
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Thillairajah, Sabapathy. Development of rural financial markets to Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1994.
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author, Miller Calvin, Mhlanga Nomathemba author, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, eds. Credit guarantee systems for agriculture and rural enterprise development. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2013.
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Role of rural banks in the rural development. Jaipur, India: Printwell Publishers Distributors, 2000.
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Meyer, Richard L. Agricultural finance in Uganda: The way forward. Kampala, Uganda: German Technical Co-operation, 2004.
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Pandey, Rama Nand. Commercial banks and rural development. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1989.
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Brake, John R. The role of credit in agricultural and rural development. Ithaca, N.Y: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 1989.
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Freitas, Alberto Martins de. Crédito rural no Amazonas: Desempenho e implicações. Manaus: Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do Estado do Amazonas, 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Rural development Credit, Agricultural Organizations, Agricultural"
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Bourne, Compton, and Douglas H. Graham. "Problems with Specialized Agricultural Lenders." In Undermining Rural Development with Cheap Credit, 36–48. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429270178-5.
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Cuevas, Carlos E., and Douglas H. Graham. "Agricultural Lending Costs in Honduras." In Undermining Rural Development with Cheap Credit, 96–103. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429270178-11.
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Gonzalez-Vega, Claudio. "Cheap Agricultural Credit: Redistribution in Reverse." In Undermining Rural Development with Cheap Credit, 120–32. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429270178-13.
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Blair, Harry W. "Agricultural Credit, Political Economy, and Patronage." In Undermining Rural Development with Cheap Credit, 183–93. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429270178-19.
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Adams, Dale W. "Are the Arguments for Cheap Agricultural Credit Sound?" In Undermining Rural Development with Cheap Credit, 65–77. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429270178-9.
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Kane, Edward J. "Political Economy of Subsidizing Agricultural Credit in Developing Countries." In Undermining Rural Development with Cheap Credit, 166–82. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429270178-18.
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Vogel, Robert C., and Donald W. Larson. "Illusion and Reality in Allocating Agricultural Credit: The Example of Colombia." In Undermining Rural Development with Cheap Credit, 49–58. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429270178-6.
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Vogel, Robert C. "The Effect of Subsidized Agricultural Credit on Income Distribution in Costa Rica." In Undermining Rural Development with Cheap Credit, 133–45. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429270178-14.
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Gonzalez-Vega, Claudio. "Credit-Rationing Behavior of Agricultural Lenders: The Iron Law of Interest-Rate Restrictions." In Undermining Rural Development with Cheap Credit, 78–95. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429270178-10.
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Kumburu, Neema P., and Vincent Pande. "Rural Transformation Through Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Moshi District, Tanzania." In The Palgrave Handbook of Agricultural and Rural Development in Africa, 313–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41513-6_15.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Rural development Credit, Agricultural Organizations, Agricultural"
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CARPIO, Deiyalí, and Beatriz URBANO. "THE USE OF COACHING IN THE AGRICULTURAL VALUE CHAIN." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.115.
Full textAbstract:
Agricultural organizations are faced with continuous processes of change: economic openness, national and international competition between companies, adaptation to new business management models -Corporate Social Responsibility-, changing markets and the need to comply with regulations and certifications. This has led to the generation of a great demand for knowledge, preparation and motivation of the people who work in the organizations and in the agribusiness environment. Organizations are obliged to seek strategies or business techniques that allow them to guarantee survival and increase their levels of competitiveness. Among these techniques the coaching technique is highly positioned. The objective of the research was to analyze the use of coaching in the agricultural value chain as a tool to contribute to rural development. The study analyzed 50 coaching companies in Spain, from which qualitative and quantitative data of agricultural and rural coaching were taken. Moreover, a sample of 22 coached agribusinesses in Spain was characterized in order to obtain a profile of the coaching in the agricultural value chain. Frequency, contingency and significance analysis were used to characterize the performance of coaching in the agricultural value chain. The results show that a business attitude among coaching is needed while the use of a combination of coaching tools could improve the agricultural value chain and rural development. It is necessary to promote the coaching techniques among the agricultural value chain, especially at the first stages of the chain, in order to increase the agricultural businesses competitiveness and to contribute to the rural development.
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Redko, L. L., M. G. Kuleshin, V. N. Goncharov, O. Yu Kolosova, and V. A. Ivashova. "Sustainable Development of Educational Organizations in a Rural Region: Socio-Cultural Determinants." In International Conference on Policicies and Economics Measures for Agricultural Development (AgroDevEco 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200729.028.
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ŠPIČKA, Jindřich. "WHAT DETERMINES PROPENSITY TO GET PUBLIC INVESTMENT SUBSIDIES? A CASE STUDY OF THE CZECH FOOD INDUSTRY." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.052.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the paper is to is to quantify differences in structural and economic indicators between participants and nonparticipants of the investment support programmes in the Czech food industry at the beginning of the old programming period (2007). Research was conducted on a dataset of supported projects from the Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Industry and Trade combined with structural and economic indicators of participating and nonparticipating companies provided by MagnusWeb database. Final database contained 1 225 companies. However, not all indicators were available for all companies. Original set of variables was selected through Principal Component Analysis. Propensity to be supported was calculated through probit regression. Public investment support has had pretensions to increase productivity of the food industry as well as the added value of agricultural production by supporting many operations in agricultural processing and marketing. Ex-post evaluation of the “old” programming period 2007–14 shows that companies with larger size, lower trade margin, optimal liquidity, lower debt ratio and higher credit debt ratio had higher propensity to be supported. Conclusions about size and credit debt ratio follow previous research by other authors that small companies had lower chance to be supported because of more difficult access to good advisory services and bank loans.
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Tan, Sibel, Mehmet Hasdemir, and Bengü Everest. "Agricultural Support Policies in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01444.
Full textAbstract:
Agriculture is the leading strategic sector of Turkey as it was in entire world. Despite this strategic significance, risks and uncertainties because of the dependency on natural conditions turn agriculture into a disadvantaged sector. Just because of those disadvantages, agriculture is protected with various support policies throughout the world. Agricultural policies of Turkey have initiated with institutionalization policies of the Republican period and progressed through product supports, input supports and low-interest credit implementations of the planned period. These policies experienced serious reforms at the beginning of 2000s. Within the scope of Agricultural Reforms Implementation Project (ARIP), agricultural supports were tried to be gathered under a single roof and Direct Income Support (DIS) implementations have started. The DIS implementations lasted for 8 years and terminated in 2008. Current agricultural policy tools are implemented as area-based supports, subsidiary payments, rural development and agricultural insurance supports. The budget allocated to agriculture and the share of agricultural supports in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Turkey did not exhibit much change in years. Considering the policies and supports provided in developed countries and especially in European Union (EU) countries, it is recommended for Turkey that share of agricultural supports in total budget should be increased to levels in those countries.
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MATYSIK-PEJAS, Renata, Monika SZAFRAŃSKA, and Elżbieta LATO. "DETERMINANTS OF LEADING OF ORGANIC FARMS IN MAŁOPOLSKA REGION." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.033.
Full textAbstract:
Poland is a country with significant potential for the development of organic farming. This is due to the possession of rural areas characterized by favorable natural and productive conditions. The advantages of Polish agriculture include relatively clean environment, low chemicals consumption, large labor resources and relatively low labor costs. The main objective of conducted research was to present factors determining the leading of organic farms in the conditions of fragmented agriculture in south Poland. The research was conducted in the Malopolska Voivodeship in 2017. Source material for analysis was primary information collected using PAPI method. In the survey participated 50 certified organic farms chosen by using purposive method of sample selection. In the area structure of surveyed organic farms dominated farms from 5.1 ha to 10 ha. The most popular direction of agricultural production on farms was the growing vegetables. Owners of organic farms as one of the main reasons for moving the farm from conventional to organic systems, considered the possibility of obtaining subsidies for one hectare of cultivation. These subsidies provide them financial support especially in the first years of operation on the market. The least important reason for transformation a farm from conventional to organic system was the factor associated with the reduction of environmental pollution as a result of the change in system of farming. As one of the advantages of running a organic farm, producers pointed the possibility of selecting disease-resistant plant and animal species and creating additional workplaces. On the other hand, as a basic disadvantage of organic farming, farmers pointed out the difficulties in finding market for the products from the farm. Most farm owners cooperate with various organizations connected with ecology. Very popular among them are also different kind of training courses, which are aimed at expanding knowledge of organic production. At the same time the educational activity of the surveyed farms is very low. Only in a few farms was conducted educational activity for children or people interested in ecology.
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Davydenko, Nadiia, Yuliia Bilyak, Yuliia Nehoda, and Nataliia Shevchenko. "Financial security for the agrarian sector of Ukraine." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.007.
Full textAbstract:
The agricultural sector of the economy is system-forming for Ukraine, guarantees the provision of food security of the state, forms the basis for the development of rural territories, influences environmental security, stimulates the development of other sectors of the economy. The level of financial security of the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy is caused by a number of factors, such as seasonal nature of production, limited shelf life of products, price disparity, low profitability, etc. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to analyze the development of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine and the activities of the leading agroholdings of Ukraine, as well as to develop proposals for strengthening the financial security of the agricultural sector based on the results obtained. The goal of the study is based on a systematic approach and comparative economic analysis. The methodological basis is the general scientific methods and mechanisms for ensuring the financial security of enterprises. The conducted research has made it possible to establish that in recent years the financial security of the agricultural sector in Ukraine is carried out mainly through a set of programs, each of which is aimed at improving production efficiency. Over the past five years, capital investment and credit in agriculture have increased significantly. The article substantiates the need to manage the financial security of agro-industrial enterprises at the present stage of socio-economic development of Ukraine. The practical significance of the obtained results is determined by the fact that the conclusions and proposals can be used in the formation of the financial security strategy of the agricultural sector and the development of a mechanism for its implementation.
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Vladimirov, Kosyo. "POTENTIAL OF THE BEEKEEPING SECTOR FOR DEVELOPMENT OF BEE TOURISM IN THE NORTHEASTERN REGION OF BULGARIA." In AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.170.
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The report includes an analysis of the state, trends and prospects of beekeeping and its relationship with tourism in Bulgaria. Beekeeping is considered as a branch of agriculture from its inception after the Liberation to our time and dynamics of development. The report presents the resource base (traditions, condition, production and sale of honey). For the needs of the analysis, data from the NSI, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food, the associations of beekeepers, processors and traders of honey and bee products, the Ministry of Tourism and branch tourist organizations and a survey of the author were used. Beekeeping is presented in the relation as a resource for the development of apitourism (bee tourism), as a non-traditional attractive specialized species, supporting farmers through non-agricultural practices.
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McComb, Christopher, Nathan G. Johnson, and Brandon T. Gorman. "Scenario-Based Robustness Analysis of Optimized I.D.E.-Style Treadle Pump Designs." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60127.
Full textAbstract:
Poverty affects hundreds of millions of people globally. Market-based strategies can help alleviate poverty in developing countries by encouraging entrepreneurial activity and have the potential to be more effective than traditional approaches, such as development aid from countries or non-governmental organizations. Development organizations often target the agricultural sector because of the prevalence of subsistence and small-scale farming, particularly in rural regions of developing countries. Improving the reliability of irrigation techniques can help farmers expand out of primarily subsistence farming and begin to sell a portion of their crop, thus achieving the objectives of market-based poverty alleviation. Human-powered pumps are a popular tool used in irrigation because they require low capital cost and negligible operating cost. Previous work provided a model for finding Pareto-optimal IDE-style treadle pump designs. This work utilizes that model to produce a dense set of Pareto-optimal designs, and then investigates the robustness of the designs by simulating their performance in a variety of modified use scenarios. Our results show that pumps optimized for low flow rates (less than 3.0 L/s) are highly robust, particularly with respect to age-related changes in the operator’s stature or mobility. In addition, these pumps can operate with near-optimal efficiency across a variety of target flow rates and well depths. These pumps are ideal for single family use or for shared use amongst multiple families in a village. Pumps optimized for flow rates greater than 3.0 L/s are less robust with respect to changes of operator stature (experiencing decreases in flow rate of up to 60%) but may be suitable for use on farms or by service providers.
Reports on the topic "Rural development Credit, Agricultural Organizations, Agricultural"
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Latané, Annah, Jean-Michel Voisard, and Alice Olive Brower. Senegal Farmer Networks Respond to COVID-19. RTI Press, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rr.0045.2106.
Full textAbstract:
This study leveraged existing data infrastructure and relationships from the Feed the Future Senegal Naatal Mbay (“flourishing agriculture”) project, funded by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and implemented by RTI International from 2015 to 2019. The research informed and empowered farmer organizations to track and respond to rural households in 2020 as they faced the COVID-19 pandemic. Farmer organizations, with support from RTI and local ICT firm STATINFO, administered a survey to a sample of 800 agricultural households that are members of four former Naatal Mbay–supported farmer organizations in two rounds in August and October 2020. Focus group discussions were conducted with network leadership pre- and post–data collection to contextualize the experience of the COVID-19 shock and to validate findings. The results showed that farmers were already reacting to the effects of low rainfall during the 2019 growing season and that COVID-19 compounded the shock through disrupted communications and interregional travel bans, creating food shortages and pressure to divert seed stocks for food. Food insecurity effects, measured through the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and cereals stocks, were found to be greater for households in the Casamance region than in the Kaolack and Kaffrine regions. The findings also indicate that farmer networks deployed a coordinated response comprising food aid and access to personal protective equipment, distribution of short-cycle legumes and grains (e.g., cowpea, maize) and vegetable seeds, protection measures for cereals seeds, and financial innovations with banks. However, food stocks were expected to recover as harvesting began in October 2020, and the networks were planning to accelerate seed multiplication, diversify crops beyond cereals, improve communication across the network. and mainstream access to financial instruments in the 2021 growing season. The research indicated that the previous USAID-funded project had likely contributed to the networks’ COVID-19 resilience capacities by building social capital and fostering the new use of tools and technologies over the years it operated.