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Journal articles on the topic 'Rural development Credit'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Jha, D., and S. K. Jha. "Agricultural Credit and Rural Development." Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development 12, no. 2 (2002): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1018529120020207.

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2

Evans, David B. "The credit market and rural development." Journal of Development Economics 24, no. 2 (1986): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(86)90095-7.

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3

Chapman, G. P. "Undermining rural development with cheap credit." Journal of Rural Studies 3, no. 2 (1987): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(87)90040-4.

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4

Qureshi, Sarfraz Khan. "Credit for Rural Poor in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 34, no. 4II (1995): 769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v34i4iipp.769-778.

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Farmers, large and small, and the non-farm population in rural areas all suffer from the liquidity constraint. Credit is needed to acquire command over the use of working capital, fixed capital, and consumption goods. The Green Revolution technologies have increased the credit requirement for modern inputs and farm investment. A new expanded role of rural credit institutions has emerged in the wake of the technology revol~tion in rural areas. Two distinct approaches have been used to provide the financial services to the rural poor. The most widely favoured approach in the past was the use of

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5

Yadav, Rajesh K. "Significance of Microfinance Institutions in Rural Development of India." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 21 (February 2014): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.21.84.

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Micro finance is to supply micro credit to people living in utter poverty and has no reach to the conservative and formal financial products. It is an aid to engage them in productive activities and grow their tiny businesses. Micro finance focused on availing the credit in a standard manner. Micro financial schemes plays vital role in increasing women‟s participation in economic activities and decision making. In this research paper an effort is made to investigate the role of microfinance in rural development especially through Micro financial schemes. This study is an empirical study which

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6

Lin, Liqiong, Weizhuo Wang, Christopher Gan, David A. Cohen, and Quang T. T. Nguyen. "Rural Credit Constraint and Informal Rural Credit Accessibility in China." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (2019): 1935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071935.

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This paper investigates the effects of rural households’ demographic characteristics on formal credit constraint, and explores the relationship between informal and formal lending in rural China. Using 2013 China’s Household Finance survey data, the authors apply probit regression models to investigate the effects of demographic factors on formal credit constraint and the household’s decision to borrow from informal credit sources. In addition, the endogenous switching regression model is applied to evaluate the impact of credit constraint on the welfare of rural farm households. The empirical

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7

Sriram, M. S. "Productivity of Rural Credit." International Journal of Rural Management 3, no. 2 (2007): 245–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097300520800300204.

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8

Malik, Sohail Jehangir, and Hina Nazli. "Rural Poverty and Credit Use: Evidence from Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 38, no. 4II (1999): 699–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v38i4iipp.699-716.

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The 1990s have seen poverty reduction become the overarching objective of all economic development. In countries where poverty is largely a rural phenomenon it is obvious that considerations of poverty focus on improving rural welfare. The welfare impact of credit use in the process of agricultural development is generally not explicitly documented in the literature.1 The emphasis is generally on “the requisites for development of rural financial policies that facilitate rural growth” [Desai and Mellor (1993)]. Welfare gains arise from this growth through net gains in income from the relaxatio

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9

Mariet Ocasio, Vange. "Financing village enterprises in rural Bangladesh." International Journal of Development Issues 15, no. 1 (2016): 76–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-09-2015-0057.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that determine non-farm enterprise revenue and to empirically test the association between access to credit, credit source and firm performance among poor entrepreneurs in rural Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach Using a Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies and World Bank survey from over 1,700 households in rural Bangladesh, a panel data model is used to control for unobserved heterogeneity among households and explore the determinants of non-farm revenue. Findings The findings suggest that village infrastructure and hous

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10

Manig, Winfried. "The Importance of the Informal Financial Market for Rural Development Financing in Developing Countries: The Example of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 35, no. 3 (1996): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v35i3pp.229-239.

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The informal credit market is of crucial importance in the rural areas in Pakistan, even after decades of considerable development of formal credit organisations and of subsidised credit programmes by the government. This is due mainly to the fact that informal credit relations are embedded in the economic, political, and social interaction networks of the inhabitants in the rural areas. These interaction networks also maintain the direct credit costs and the transaction costs at a low level. However, the national development policy underestimates or even negates the significance of the inform

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11

Han, Xiaoyang, and Shuaiyin Yang. "Study on the causes and preventive measures of rural credit unions’ departure from farming." E3S Web of Conferences 275 (2021): 03053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127503053.

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Over the years, rural credit unions have always played an important role in serving the “three rural areas” and have played a good role as the main force in “supporting the micro and helping the farmers”. However, in recent years, the profit-seeking nature of rural credit unions and the development constraints of the “three rural issues” have made the tendency of rural credit unions to leave agriculture and commercialization more and more obvious, and credit funds are increasingly flowing from rural areas, farmers and agriculture to cities, enterprises and other industries, which greatly reduc

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12

Turvey, Calum G. "Policy rationing in rural credit markets." Agricultural Finance Review 73, no. 2 (2013): 209–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-04-2013-0020.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a discussion on the idea of “policy rationing”. Policy rationing refers to constraining impacts on farm credit through policy action or inaction. To present the ideas the author discusses ten themes in policy rationing, ranging from macro‐finance policies to smart lending and financial inclusion.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is developed as a narrative on agricultural credit policies based largely on existing literature.FindingsThis paper argues that the various critiques of rural credit policy in favor of free market principles have genera

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13

Tigari, Harish, and M. G. Gaganadeepa. "Regional Rural Banks and Rural Development: A Case of Pragathi Krishna Gramin Bank." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 7, no. 2 (2019): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v7i2.315.

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The rural banking is one of the important roles in rural development of our country, and the village economy is the backbone of the Indian economy. Without the development of the rural economy, the objective of economic planning cannot be achieved. Hence the Regional rural banks (RRBs) are plays a vital role in the rural development for the economy in India. The RRBs were established on October 2, 1975, with the main objective of a provisional credit to rural people who are not economically strong enough, especially the small farmers, artisans, agricultural laborers, and even small entrepreneu

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14

Mohiuddin, Yasmeen. "Credit Worthiness of Poor Women: A Comparison of Some Minimalist Credit Programmes in Asia: A Preliminary Analysis." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4II (1993): 1199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.1199-1209.

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The recognition of credit as a powerful instrument for the alleviation of poverty in the developing countries has led to a multitude of programmes on agricultural credit, co-operatives, and integrated rural development in the past few decades. Agricultural or land development banks, commercial banks and cooperatives have sought "small borrowers" in theory but have, on the whole, failed to reach the poor, particularly women. The loan repayment rates in these programmes often have been very low which, together with below-market interest rates imposed by governments, has resulted in the stagnatio

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15

Sukarno, Hari, Ratna Pratiwi Nugroho, and Susanti Prasetiyaningtiyas. "PREDIKSI KREDIT DAN INDEKS MUSIMAN (SEASONAL INDEX) PADA BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN JEMBER." BISMA: Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen 14, no. 3 (2020): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/bisma.v14i3.15982.

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This research aims to analyze the credit's predictive value, the development pattern of credit distribution, and the credit fluctuations of 13 Rural Banks in Jember, influenced by seasonal index variables, credit interest, NPL, LDR, ROA, CAR, and operational efficiency ratio. This study used an explanatory research approach. The sample consisted of all Rural Banks' quarterly financial reports in 2014-2019 taken by a purposive sampling method. Data were analyzed using three methods, i.e., double exponential smoothing, moving average ratio, and multiple linear regression analysis methods. Result

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16

Tarn, On-Kit. "Rural Finance in China." China Quarterly 113 (March 1988): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000026400.

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There is a common policy bias against creating an appropriate economic environment for rural growth in many less developed countries as governments attempt to strive for rapid industrialization through various interventions in both the urban and rural sectors. As a result, signals for resource flows are distorted and incentive to raise agricultural productivity is destroyed. Such structural distortions and the low level of income mean that investment in agricultural production is often unattractive and therefore funds for that purpose are scarce. Many developing countries have, over the past 4

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17

Fuentes, Gabriel A. "The use of village agents in rural credit delivery." Journal of Development Studies 33, no. 2 (1996): 188–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220389608422462.

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18

Ali, Daniel Ayalew, Klaus Deininger, and Marguerite Duponchel. "Credit Constraints and Agricultural Productivity: Evidence from rural Rwanda." Journal of Development Studies 50, no. 5 (2014): 649–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.887687.

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19

Vyasulu, Vinod, and D. Rajasekhar. "Credit for Rural Development: Managerial Reforms in Indian Banks." Development Policy Review 11, no. 4 (1993): 393–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.1993.tb00049.x.

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20

Nela, Naim, and David Marshall. "Credit management for rural development: Albania, a special case." Public Administration and Development 19, no. 2 (1999): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-162x(199905)19:2<165::aid-pad69>3.0.co;2-q.

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21

Omorodion, Francisca Isi. "Rural Women's Experiences of Micro-Credit Schemes in Nigeria." Journal of Asian and African Studies 42, no. 6 (2007): 479–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909607083216.

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22

Singh, Ruchi. "Credit constraints and Rural Migration: Evidence from Six Villages in Uttar Pradesh." Migration Letters 15, no. 3 (2018): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v15i3.360.

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Rural economies in developing countries are often characterized by credit constraints. Although few attempts have been made to understand the trends and patterns of male out-migration from Uttar Pradesh (UP), there is dearth of literature on the linkage between credit accessibility and male migration in rural Uttar Pradesh. The present study tries to fill this gap. The objective of this study is to assess the role of credit accessibility in determining rural male migration. A primary survey of 370 households was conducted in six villages of Jaunpur district in Uttar Pradesh. Simple statistical

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23

Bhusare, Shital Prakash, and Ruby Chanda. "Micro-Finance & Micro-Credit for Sustainable Development." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 6, no. 3 (2017): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v6.n3.p4.

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<div><p><em>Poverty is one of the biggest challenges to the development of a developing country like India where a major population is living in rural and semi-urban areas. Institutional credit is considered as a powerful tool for alleviating poverty. Microfinance is the supply of loans, savings, and other basic financial services to the poor. As the financial services of microfinance usually involve small amounts of money – small loans, small savings etc. the term "Microfinance" helps to differentiate these services from those of commercial banks. Microfinance in India has b

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24

Eboh, Eric C. "Rural Informal Savings and Credit Associations as Risk Managers and the Lessons for the Design and Execution of Rural Credit Schemes in Nigeria." African Development Review 12, no. 2 (2000): 233–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.00025.

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25

DOKUZLU, SERTAÇ. "The Agricultural Credit System in the Ottoman Empire between 1863 and 1888." Rural History 28, no. 2 (2017): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793317000139.

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AbstractAgricultural credit organisations are paramount to every country because agriculture must operate under threats of risk and uncertainty. When small-scale family farms are dominant, all types of agricultural organisations become important to keep farmers’ incomes at a reasonable level and encourage agricultural development. Midhat Pasha understood the importance of agricultural organisations, and he created a well-designed system for agricultural credit. He is the founder of Homeland Coffers that distribute credits to farmers. The original side of these credit organisations was capital

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26

Xuan Luan, Do, Nguyen Thanh Vu, Kieu Thi Thu Huong, Duong Thi Thu Hang, and Siegfried Bauer. "Is Access to Agribank Credit an Effective Tool in Improving Household Income? Evidence from the Northern Mountainous Region of Vietnam." Asian Social Science 12, no. 8 (2016): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n8p110.

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<p class="a"><span lang="EN-US">Access to credit has been thought to be a key factor in rural development and poverty reduction. In Vietnam, the Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (Agribank) emerged from the mono-tier banking system in 1988 and performs as a profit-oriented commercial bank sustaining the development of rural areas. During the last two decades, the bank has clearly expanded its share of credit outstanding in total rural credit market volume and this process is in line with the trending development of the national economy. The aim of this study is to

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27

Tan, Haoyang, and Qiang Zhang. "Application of Blockchain Hierarchical Model in the Realm of Rural Green Credit Investigation." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (2021): 1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031324.

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In order to realize the application research of blockchain technology in the field of green credit investigation, the current paper adopts the method of a blockchain hierarchical model to study the rural green credit. With regard to the realm of rural green credit investigation, this paper sorts out the characteristics of credit data in China’s countryside by countryside credit investigation and determines the major problems and in rural green credit investigation of financial inclusion. Subsequently, the authors put forward a blockchain hierarchical model, which not only has reinforced the ad

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28

Bose, Pinaki. "Formal–informal sector interaction in rural credit markets." Journal of Development Economics 56, no. 2 (1998): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3878(98)00066-2.

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29

Hussain, Shabbir. "Micro-credit and Income Generation in Rural Pakistan." Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development 8, no. 1 (1998): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1018529119980106.

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30

Hussain, Abid, Muhammad Jehangir Khan, Iftikhar Ahmad, and Lubna Naz. "Impact of Credit on Education and Healthcare Spending in Rural Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 55, no. 4I-II (2016): 853–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v55i4i-iipp.853-870.

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It is to access that the microcredit has a positive impact on education and healthcare spending of the borrowed households is controversial in developing countries literature or not. This study reports evidence, from Pakistan for this debate, while utilising data from PPHS- 2010 (Pakistan Panel Household Survey). Propensity score matching (PSM) has been used to investigate the impact of household credit on healthcare and education spending by the poor. In addition to matching statistically identical borrowers with non-borrowers, the method controls for household pre-treatment assets and income

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31

Gerber, Julien-François. "The Hidden Consequences of Credit: An Illustration from Rural Indonesia." Development and Change 44, no. 4 (2013): 839–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dech.12045.

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32

Bouquet, Emmanuelle, Solène Morvant-Roux, and Gerardo Rodriguez-Solis. "Agricultural Workers, Credit Rationing and Family Networks in Rural Mexico." Journal of Development Studies 51, no. 5 (2015): 523–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.983910.

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33

Duy, Vuong Quoc, Marijke D’Haese, Jacinta Lemba, Le Long Hau, and Luc D’Haese. "Determinants of Household Access to Formal Credit in the Rural Areas of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam." African and Asian Studies 11, no. 3 (2012): 261–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341234.

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Abstract This paper investigates the factors affecting the access of rural individual and group-based households to formal credit in the Mekong Delta (MD), Vietnam. Poverty levels in the Mekong Delta have reduced significantly over the last decades, but in the rural areas they remain significant. If it is assumed that access to credit is a vehicle for poverty alleviation, it is necessary to assess how households decide on borrowing. This paper identifies the determinants of the decision to borrow and of the amount that is borrowed by using the double hurdle model and Heckman selection model. D

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Hu, Yue, Siwei Lu, Huiyuan Zhang, Guibo Liu, and Jiangang Peng. "Empirical Analysis on the Performance of Rural Credit Cooperative’s Shareholding Reform Based on the Rationale of Isomorphic Incentive Compatibility." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (2021): 2844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052844.

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Rural economic development helps reduce the income inequality in China. Existing studies show the positive effects of rural reforms, however, whether the rural credit cooperative’s shareholding reform promotes rural economic development and whether effects are exerted through the synergism between agricultural producers and rural financial institutions remain unclear yet. Employing the rationale of isomorphic incentive compatibility from system science, we analyze the necessity and influencing conduit of rural credit cooperative’s shareholding reform theoretically. Analysis shows that only the

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35

Wang, Xiaohua, Meilan Chen, Xi He, and Fangfang Zhang. "Credit Constraint, Credit Adjustment, and Sustainable Growth of Farmers’ Income." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (2018): 4407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124407.

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Research on financial theory and practice has shown that the development of transition economies generally faces two major challenges. First, the less developed regions face more severe financial repression, which leads to imbalanced and unsustainable development of regional economies. Second, farmers face different credit constraints because of their productivity differences, which can further polarize the internal inequality of their income. Based on cross-sectional data of 2037 counties in 30 provinces of China in 2010, this paper employs quantile regression to investigate the relationships

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36

Qureshi, Sarfraz Khan, and Akhtiar H. Shah. "A Critical Review of Rural Credit Policy in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 31, no. 4II (1992): 781–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v31i4iipp.781-801.

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Lack of liquidity which acts as a constraint for agricultural development has provided a rationale for rapid growth in formal agricultural credit in Pakistan since the early 1960s. Between 1959-60 and 1991-92 institutional credit for the sector had registered an annual growth rate of 31 percent in nominal terms and 20 percent in real terms. The explosive increase in agricultural credit was accompanied by a creation of new financial institutions, the strengthening of already existing institutions and the adoption of credit policies to increase the flow of credit for the sector in general and fo

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37

Siwar, Chamhuri. "Credit Programme for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation in Malaysia." Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development 1, no. 2 (1991): 35–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1018529119910203.

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38

Bharamappanavara, Saikumar C., and Dr Naveen Kumar K. "Targeting the Poor for Rural Development â€“ Review of International Experience on Microcredit Programmes." Journal of Global Economy 10, no. 3 (2014): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v10i3.302.

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This paper is an argumentation presented with review of literatures on the topic, In broader context gave the comprehensive picture on microcredit concept and its working principle to fight against poverty. In the beginning the causes for rural credit problems, reasons for stagnation in the rural society instead of growth and development causing poverty thrift, which is more to reality in almost all the developing countries in the world is reviewed and discussed. Then ephemerally explained how micro-credit can become a new development strategy to tackle the problem in a massive way in the cont

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39

Xu, Lingjuan, Xinyue Liu, Zhu Huailei, and Sun Jing. "Research on the Issuance Mechanism and Implementation Path of Multi-Body Asset Securitization Products of China Rural Banks." International Journal of Economics and Finance 12, no. 3 (2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v12n3p64.

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Asset securitization can well solve the bottleneck problem of China rural banks in supporting the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. However, a single entity will face many constraints on issuing credit asset-backed securitization products due to the small scale, short term and high credit risk of loans of rural banks. Therefore, this paper innovatively designs a credit asset-backed securitization product program jointly issued by a number of rural banks from the three aspects of asset pool construction, transaction structure design and credit enhancement, and demonstrates th

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40

Tanna, Vrutti. "The Role of Data Analytics in Kisan Credit Card for Sustainable Development." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 1157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35143.

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Agriculture is the main occupation in India as the large population is living in rural areas and having agriculture as their livelihood. According to the United Nations Development Programme, sustainable development in agriculture means national food security, upgrading the living standard of farmers, and conservation of the natural resources. The green revolution has called for high credit requirement for the purchase of high yielding seeds, irrigation systems, fertilizers, and chemical pesticides. Along with crop yields, the cost of production has raised drastically calling huge credit requi

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Pan, Ming-te. "Rural Credit in Ming-Qing Jiangnan and the Concept of Peasant Petty Commodity Production." Journal of Asian Studies 55, no. 1 (1996): 94–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2943638.

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The rural credit system in traditional agrarian societies has long been associated with “usury,” and therefore often considered a hindrance to rural development. Three aspects of the traditional rural credit system are used to substantiate this assertion. First, traditional rural credit often entailed interest rates above the ceiling set by law. As early as 1790 b.c., the Laws of Hammurabi established annual interest ceilings of 33.3 percent for grain loans and 20 percent for cash loans. Any loan charging interest beyond the ceiling was illegal (Sowards 1983, 5). To many contemporary scholars,

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Xiang, Cheng, Xiangping Jia, and Jikun Huang. "Microfinance through non-governmental organizations and its effects on formal and informal credit." China Agricultural Economic Review 6, no. 2 (2014): 182–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-04-2013-0062.

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Purpose – Internationally, microfinance run by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is often considered an important approach to meeting the credit demand of rural households, particularly among the poor. However, the perceived competitions with formal financial institutions and concerns about financial risks in the rural economy have impeded the development of microfinance by NGOs in China. Despite these concerns about NGO microfinance, little empirical evidence has been brought to prove them. The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence of the relationship between NGO microfin

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43

Dinh Phi, Ho, and Duc Dong. "Formal Credit; Policy Impact; Household Income; Difference-Indifferences Method; Panel Data Regression." Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 22, no. 02 (2015): 144–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2015.22.2.01.

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Many studies have been conducted to estimate effects of rural credit programs on household income in both Vietnam and foreign coutries. Some provided positive evidence of such programs’ efficiency while others suggest that not all credit programs improved household income. Responding to the question of whether formal credit affects household income will contribute to directions determined to adjust allocation of resources for agriculture and rural development. In addition to the use of Difference-in-Differences (DD) method in connection with pooled OLS regression, this paper employs panel data

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Zhao, Qiang, Yue Shen, and Chaoqian Li. "Credit Behaviors of Rural Households in the Perspective of Complex Social Networks." Complexity 2021 (June 4, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9975856.

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With the increasing number of social networks emerging and evolving, the influence of social networks on human behavior is now again a subject of discussion in academe. Dynamics in social networks, such as opinion formation and information sharing, are restricting or proliferating members’ behavior on social networks, while new social network dynamics are created by interpersonal contacts and interactions. Based on this and against the backdrop of unfavourable rural credit development, this article uses CHFS data to discuss the whole and heterogeneous impact of social networks on rural househo

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45

Basu, Santonu. "Why institutional credit agencies are reluctant to lend to the rural poor: A theoretical analysis of the Indian rural credit market." World Development 25, no. 2 (1997): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(96)00103-9.

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46

Waheedi, Seemi. "Analysis of Issues on Micro Credit—The Case of Two Villages in Punjab." Pakistan Development Review 40, no. 4II (2001): 723–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v40i4iipp.723-750.

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The phenomenon of poverty was felt and observed more during the decade of 1990s, as the overall growth slowed down. While the slowed economic growth and recessionary trends contributed to poverty, the trickle “down effect” once thought, to improve living conditions, did not reach the lowest level owing largely to lack of accessibility of institutions, unjust and non-poor policies. For these reasons, in Pakistan during the decades of 60s and 80s, when the country experienced high growth rates of 6-7 percent, 34 percent of people still lived below the poverty line. Socio-economic development, im

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47

Nan, Yongqing, Yanyan Gao, and Qin Zhou. "Rural credit cooperatives’ contribution to agricultural growth: evidence from China." Agricultural Finance Review 79, no. 1 (2019): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-06-2017-0042.

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PurposeRural credit cooperatives (RCCs) have long dominated China’s rural credit market and met most of agricultural credit demands while the existing literature seldom examines their contribution to agricultural sector. The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence on the contribution of RCCs to agricultural growth, using China’s provincial panel data from 1997 to 2014.Design/methodology/approachBoth static fixed effects models and two-step generalized method of moment dynamic panel data models, which control the endogeneity, are employed to identify the causality from RCC credit

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Gupta, Anil K., and Manu Shroff. "Rural Credit: How Do the Poor See It?" Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 12, no. 4 (1987): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919870401.

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Rural banks notwithstanding, the poorest of the poor in the continually droughtprone regions still prefer the village moneylenders. How is it that the poor persist in this exhorbitant and exploitative exchange when the rural banks are not far away? Why is it that, after nine years of ‘integrated approach’ towards rural development, the plight of the poor remains unchanged? There is an alarming mismatch between the official bankers' views on rural credit and those of the poor. Correcting this requires serious monitoring of how the poor view rural credit. In this article based on careful field o

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Kazi, Shahnaz, and Bilquees Raza. "Rural Women’s Access to Credit and Extension: A Strategy for Change." Pakistan Development Review 34, no. 4II (1995): 753–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v34i4iipp.753-765.

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Although still ‘invisible’ to policy-makers, women’s involvement in agricultural and livestock production is empirically established through national surveys and intensive studies. The labour force participation rates for rural women in 1990-91 varied ranged between 57 percent (Agricultural Census) and 43 percent (Pakistan Integrated Household Survey). Evidence from micro studies also shows that women are active participants in the farm and livestock sectors [Freedman and Wai (1988); Masood (1988); Ali et al. (1976); Haque (1986); Khan and Bilquees (1976)]. While rural women’s contribution to

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Chowdhury, Mahmood, and Abed. "Credit for the rural poor – the case of BRAC in Bangladesh." Small Enterprise Development 2, no. 3 (1991): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0957-1329.1991.025.

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