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Books on the topic 'Rural development - ICT'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Alias, Nor Aziah. ICT Development for Social and Rural Connectedness. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013.

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2

Alias, Nor Aziah. ICT Development for Social and Rural Connectedness. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6901-8.

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3

Lekoko, Rebecca Nthogo. Cases on developing countries and ICT integration: Rural community development. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, 2012.

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4

Czapiewski, Konrad. Wykorzystanie ICT w rolnictwie Mazowsza - ujęcie przestrzenne: Use of ICT in Mazovian agriculture - spatial approach. Warszawa: PTG, 2012.

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5

ICT influences on human development, interaction, and collaboration. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, 2013.

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6

Basavarajappa, K. P. E-grama kendra, a re-engineering model: ICT a channel for village economic development & community knowledge partnership. Bangalore: Indian Institute of Management, 2004.

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7

Misra, H. K. ICT initiatives for sustainable livelihood security: A demand-driven rural e-governance framework for scale-up. Anand: Institute of Rural Management Anand, 2006.

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8

Garai, Atanu. Taking ICT to every Indian village: Opportunities and challenges : a collection of four papers. New Delhi: OneWorld South Asia, 2006.

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9

Ratsamīthēt, Bō̜din. Thēknōlōyī sārasonthēt læ kānsư̄sān phư̄a kānphatthanā chonnabot yāng yangyư̄n: Information and communication technology (ICT) for sustainable rural development. Krung Thēp: Samnakphim Sǣngdāo, 2012.

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10

All India Seminar on ICT for Rural Development: Access and Applications (2009 Institution of Engineers, Udaipur Local Centre). ICT for rural development: Access and applications (ICTRD--2009) : all India seminar, the Computer Engineering Division, the Institution of Engineers (India), Udaipur, India, September 2009, proceedings. Edited by Singh Dharm 1963-, Institution of Engineers (India). Computer Engineering Division, and Institution of Engineers (India). Udaipur Local Centre. Udaipur: Institution of Engineers, Udaipur Local Centre, 2009.

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11

Japan) International Seminar on ICT Policy Reform and Rural Communication Infrastructure (2004 Fujisawa-shi. ICT policy reform and rural communications infrastructure: Bridging digital divide through private sector development = Jōhō tsūshin sekutā seisaku kaikaku to chihō tsūshin infura : Kokusai ICT Seisaku Kenkyū Seminā hōkokusho. Tokyo, Japan: Institute for International Cooperation, Japan International Cooperation Agency, 2005.

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12

Podstawka, Marian. Rolnicze ubezpieczenia społeczne w Polsce oraz propozycje ich zmian: Opracowanie w ramach projektu Grant KBN 5PO6J00711. Warszawa: Wydawn. SGGW, 1998.

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13

Koncepcja wiejskich obszarów sukcesu społeczno-gospodarczego i ich rozpoznanie w Województwie Mazowieckim. Warszawa: Komisja Obszarów Wiejskich, Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne, 2010.

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14

Roszkowska-Mądra, Barbara. Obszary wiejskie o niekorzystnych warunkach gospodarowania w aspekcie ich zrównoważonego rozwoju. Białystok: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku, 2010.

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15

Simard, René. Y'a pus d'avenir ici: L'exode des jeunes vers les centres urbains. [Québec]: Conseil permanent de la jeunesse, 1997.

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16

Melo Figueiredo, Elisabete Maria, and Antonio Raschi, eds. Fertile Links? Connections between tourism activities, socioeconomic contexts and local development in European rural areas. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-389-2.

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In many European regions, rural areas are facing major challenges in economic and social terms, consequence of transformations in the role and meaning of agriculture. The loss of the productive character strongly contributed to the emergence of new roles and functions, particularly related to leisure and tourism. The book aims to discuss questions directly related to the connections between rural tourism and local socioeconomic contexts, presenting diverse theoretical and methodological perspectives and diff erent case studies from various European regions. The book addresses the relationships among rural tourism and the complex interactions, confl icts and innovative processes developing in rural territories as consequence of the implementation of tourism activities. The book responds to some relevant and not yet comprehensively researched aspects within this topic, especially in what extent tourism, in its various forms and processes, might give an important contribution to rural development.
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17

ICA/Japan Training Course for Rural Women Leaders of Agricultural Cooperatives in Asia, 1993 (3rd 1993 Tokyo, Japan). Report of the Third ICA/Japan Training Course for Rural Women Leaders of Agricultural Cooperatives in Asia, 1993, June 12-July 08, 1993. New Delhi, India: International Cooperative Alliance, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 1993.

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18

Sanchez Velasco, Jeronimo. The Christianization of Western Baetica. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089649324.

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The province of Baetica, in present-day Spain, was one of the most important areas in the Roman Empire in terms of politics, economics, and culture. And in the late medieval period, it was the centre of a rich and powerful state, the Umayyad Caliphate. But the historical sources on the intervening years are limited, and we lack an accurate understanding of the evolution of the region. In recent years, however, archaeological research has begun to fill the gaps, and this book-built on more than a decade of fieldwork-provides an unprecedented overview of urban and rural development in the period.
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19

Fanfani, David, ed. Pianificare tra città e campagna. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-966-3.

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Agricultural land and woodland in the vicinity of urban settlements appear increasingly to represent a key element and strategic resource for addressing issues of residential quality, and hence the requalification of the urban construct. In effect, from a "vacuum" awaiting construction, the periurban agricultural territory is emerging as the yardstick for a new measurement and integration of the public policies governing urban and territorial plans and those for rural development. This book proposes a number of cues and methodological and operational elements to stimulate reflection on this new scenario. It does so through the exploration of a number of significant and innovative experiences in Italy and the rest of Europe, while at the same time also proposing an initial appraisal of the process of design and social mobilisation for the definition of the scenario for the Prato Agricultural Park.
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20

Ict Development For Social And Rural Connectedness. Springer-Verlag New York Inc., 2013.

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21

Information and Communication Technologies (Ict) for Development in Africa: An Assessment of Ict Strategies and Ict Utilisation in Tanzania (European University Studies: Series 31, Political Science). Peter Lang Publishing, 2006.

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22

Nielinger, Olaf. Information and Communication Technologies (Ict) for Development in Africa: An Assessment of Ict Strategies and Ict Utilisation in Tanzania (European University Studies: Series 31, Political Science). Peter Lang Publishing, 2006.

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23

ICT for rural development: Access and applications (ICTRD-2009). Udaipur: The Institution of Engineers (India), 2009.

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24

ICT for rural development: Access and applications (ICTRD-2009). Udaipur: The Institution of Engineers (India), 2009.

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25

Kayumova, Marina. The Role of ICT Regulations in Agribusiness and Rural Development. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/29041.

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26

Rong, Wang, Zeng Haijun, Haijun Zeng, Wang Jinghua, and X. I. A. Weifeng. Approach of ICT in Education for Rural Development: Good Practices from Developing Countries. SAGE Publications, Incorporated, 2015.

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27

United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, ed. Best practices in financial mechanisms for ICT for development in Asia and the Pacific. New York: United Nations ESCAP, 2006.

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28

N, Hiremath B., Mishra D. P, and Institute of Rural Management (Ānand, India), eds. Citizen centric ICT initiatives for rural development in Indian context: A participatory framework. Anand: Institute of Rural Management Anand, 2006.

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29

Fáziková, Mária, Barbora Babjaková, and Michal Hrivnák. Rural development. Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita v Nitre, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/2021.9788055223209.

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Vidiek je územie, ktoré je organickou súčasťou regionálneho priestoru. Má svoje charakteristické črty, ktorými sú prirodzená krajina so špecifickým využitím najmä odvetviami primárneho sektora, nízka hustota obyvateľstva, rozdrobená sídelná štruktúra, diverzifikovaná ekonomická štruktúra, sociálna kohézia a bohatstvo kultúrnych tradícií. Má však aj problémy vyplývajúce práve z nízkej hustoty obyvateľstva a nízkej intenzity ekonomických aktivít. Vidiecke regióny a vidiecke obce ťažko zachytávajú globálne rozvojové impulzy, dostávajú sa do rozvojových problémov. Vzniká priestorová nerovnováha, ktorá neumožňuje efektívne využívať územný kapitál vidieka a vytvára tlak na verejné zdroje. Rozvoj vidieka je v ekonomickom, sociálnom aj environmentálnom zmysle významnou témou jednotlivých súčastí regionálnej vedy, ale aj ekonomickej a politickej praxe. Autori sa v tejto knihe pokúsili zhrnúť svoje poznatky o faktoroch, procesoch, politikách a nástrojoch týkajúcich sa ekonomického a sociálneho rozvoja vidieka. Predkladaná učebnica načrtáva teoretické východiská, identifikuje rozvojový potenciál ako aj rozvojové problémy vidieka. Naznačuje spôsoby ich riešenia vrátane metodických nástrojov na ich praktické riešenie. Sú to samozrejme rámcové problémy omnoho komplexnejšej problematiky, ktorá je predmetom ďalšieho skúmania. Je určená pre študentov Slovenskej poľnohospodárskej univerzity v Nitre, ktorí študujú predmet „Rozvoj vidieka“, pre študentov iných univerzít a vysokých škôl, ktorých daná problematiky zaujíma, ale aj pre pracovníkov verejnej správy na všetkých úrovniach riadenia.
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30

Víctor, Phumpiú, and Franco César, eds. ICA, una experiencia de promoción agraria. Lima, Perú: Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo y la Participación, 1990.

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31

Parks, Lisa. Water, Energy, Access. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039362.003.0005.

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This chapter describes a particular rural configuration of Internet infrastructure in Zambia. It shows that access in this location is contingent on water resources, which not only generate hydroelectricity for the Zambian power grid but are also necessary for prospective Internet users' everyday survival in the community of Macha. Understanding the materialization of Internet infrastructure in rural Zambia works to destabilize dominant discourses that posit ICT (information and communication technology) diffusion and adoption in rural Africa as a straightforward path to “modernization,” “development,” and “global integration,” and instead points to local political, economic, and cultural challenges to the Internet's globalization. The chapter then foregrounds the struggles and contestations that are part of infrastructure development; the energy and biopower that infrastructures rely on; the relationality of water, transportation, and information systems; and the alternate ways that people imagine, use, or respond to infrastructure.
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32

Tenguriya, Mayank, ed. A Review of Rural Development in India. Glasstree, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20850/9781534299399.

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The rural population in India was 66.86 as of 2016. For the comprehensive development of the country, it is important to develop rural India. In this process, the government of India keeps implementing various schemes. This book comprises many such schemes, their implementation, rural society, it's economy and development in rural India.
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33

Russell, Tony. Rural Rhythm. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190091187.001.0001.

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Music historian Tony Russell explores a collection of records of early country music from the 1920s and ’30s, unlocking and revealing their hidden stories. The seventy-eight essays on selected 78rpm discs explain what they tell us about the musicians who sang and played the songs and tunes, the listeners who absorbed them, and the development of the genre—old-time music—in which they found a home. To illuminate their world, the author details how they were recorded, the intentions and interventions of the companies that made the recordings, and their fates once they were issued. There are songs, and stories of songs, about home and family, love and courtship, marriage and separation, childhood and schooldays, old age and death, crime and punishment, farms and floods, chain gangs and chain stores, wagons and automobiles, dogs and mules, drink, disasters, jokes, journeys, money, memories, and much more. Drawing on new research, contemporary newspapers, and previously unpublished interviews, Rural Rhythm charts the tempos and styles of rural and small-town music-making, and the gearshift that accelerated country music from the barndance pace of the 1920s to the hyperdrive of late-’30s proto-bluegrass and Western Swing: from “The Little Old Log Cabin in the Lane” to “New San Antonio Rose.” At the same time, it notates the larger rural rhythm of life in these years in the South, Southwest, and Midwest, with its recreations, its rituals, and its oddities, to produce a narrative that blends the musical and social history of the era.
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34

Brockington, Dan, and Christine Noe, eds. Prosperity in Rural Africa? Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865872.001.0001.

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What does it mean to say that rural areas of Africa are poor? Many people insist that in rural African populations poverty is prevalent. This is either because the smallholder agricultural practices are unproductive or it is because economic policies have not protected and promoted African farming. But whether this deprivation is the fault of the peasant, or the government, both sides agree on the facts of rural poverty. However in both cases rural poverty is described using measures which make it hard, if not impossible, to capture new forms of wealth that rural people may be accruing. These new forms of wealth, which largely comprise productive assets, are especially important because they feature so prominently in rural peoples’ own definitions of wealth. Using an unprecedented collection of longitudinal surveys, in which experienced researchers have revisited villages that they have known for decades, the volume tracks surprising increases in assets in diverse locations in Tanzania. The result of these findings is a compilation which is fascinating in itself and important for the understanding of rural economies’ development data and agricultural policy.
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35

Kumar, TM Vinod, and Dilip R. Ahuja, eds. Rural Energy Planning for The Indian Himalaya. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.7.

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This book is perhaps the first effort to focus on energy issues in the Indian Himalayas. Though a lot has been written on the ecological consequences (of energy-related activities), these energy issues by themselves have not received sufficient attention. The papers in this volume have been selected from those commissioned by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, and the Tata Energy Research Institute as a part of their collaborative programme on rural energy planning. As it was found that critical gaps exist in knowledge and experience in the area of effective diffusion of energy technologies for promoting Himalayan development, it was felt that a collection of papers on the existing states-of-the-art would be a useful first step before embarking on practical interventions. There are papers that have focussed on technologies, planning issues and economic welfare aspects relevant to development in all the different regions of the Himalayas. Some authors have focussed instead on the regions and have looked at the status of the three subject areas (technologies, planning and welfare) as they pertain to their regions. The major value of this book is that in addition to a clear articulation of problems, issues and possible solutions, it represents a comprehensive collection of information existing for this region. The authors have also brought out the gaps that exist currently and have established priorities for further research and direction for programmes to promote sustainable development of energy resources and their use in the Himalayan region.
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36

McAnany, Emile G. Globalization, Discourse, and Development Communication. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036774.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the role of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in crafting the modernization-diffusion paradigm and making it a dominant theory in the field of communication for development (c4d). It first provides a background on how UNESCO got into the communication business before explaining how the modernization-diffusion paradigm reached a wider audience by relating it to the nature of the UN system as an early form of globalization. It then discusses how UNESCO helped to define and then implement the paradigm by focusing on one of its major media projects to illustrate how practice and theory are mutually reinforcing: the use of radio, as a mass communication medium, in combination with the power of group discussion in promoting change in rural India. This chapter shows that institutions—in this case, UNESCO—play an important role in the development of a paradigm and its diffusion.
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37

Bluemel, Kristin, and Michael McCluskey, eds. Rural Modernity in Britain. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474420952.001.0001.

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Rural Modernity in Britain argues that the rural areas of twentieth-century Britain were impacted by modernization just as much—if not more—than urban and suburban areas. It shifts the focus for studies of modernity and modernism onto the art, industries, and everyday life of rural people and places. In the early twentieth century, rural areas experienced economic depression, the expansion of transportation and communication networks, the roll out of electricity, the loss of land, and the erosion of local identities. Who celebrated these changes? Who resisted them? Who documented them? The fifteen chapters of Rural Modernity address these questions through investigations into fiction, non-fiction, film, music, and painting, among other genres and media. They focus on men and women writers and artists, with progressive, moderate, or conservative politics, modernist, middlebrow, or proletarian tastes, from Scottish, Welsh, and English regions. Together, the chapters make an interdisciplinary case that the rural means more than just the often-studied countryside of southern England, a retreat from the consequences of modernity; rather, the rural emerges as a source for new versions of the modern, with an active role in the formation and development of British experiences and representations of modernity.
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38

Dossa, Zahir. Co-operatives: A Development Strategy? Edited by Jonathan Michie, Joseph R. Blasi, and Carlo Borzaga. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684977.013.32.

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The examination of the life cycle, institutional structure, and governance and policy environment of co-operatives in the argan oil sector, in south-west Morocco, outlines the successes and setbacks of the co-operative model as a suitable tool for economic and social development in rural areas. Despite the positive development outcomes argan oil co-operatives attained, they strayed from four basic co-operative tenets: democratic decision-making, equitable profit distribution, open membership, and member education on co-operatives. Starting from this analysis, this chapter argues that the success of argan oil co-operatives is to be attributed to their abandonment of the basic co-operative principles. Furthermore, it seeks to understand the conditions that make co-operatives feasible and effective in particular environments and how co-operatives, or employee-centric firms, can be adapted to their environments, or vice versa, through e-commerce and financial transparency in order to generate economic and social development.
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39

Amazigo, Uche. The development of community directed treatment for tackling river blindness. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198703327.003.0009.

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Chapter 9 tells the story of how African researchers developed a way of engaging rural communities themselves in delivering and monitoring the treatment—with spectacular results. The author describes the difficulties faced in bringing together all the participants, aligning organizational and national interests, working in post-conflict situations, and developing the network of villages and community distributors. It shows how she and her colleagues succeeded through a rigorous and energetic approach, and through supporting the local people.
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40

Levien, Michael. Dispossession without Development. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190859152.001.0001.

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Since the mid-2000s, India has been beset by widespread farmer protests against “land grabs.” Dispossession without Development argues that beneath these conflicts lay a profound transformation in the political economy of land dispossession. While the Indian state dispossessed land for public-sector industry and infrastructure for much of the 20th century, the adoption of neoliberal economic policies since the early 1990s prompted India’s state governments to become land brokers for private real estate capital—most controversially, for Special Economic Zones (SEZs). Using long-term ethnographic research, the book demonstrates the consequences of this new regime of dispossession for a village in Rajasthan. Taking us into the diverse lives of villagers dispossessed for one of North India’s largest SEZs, it shows how the SEZ destroyed their agricultural livelihoods, marginalized their labor, and excluded them from “world-class” infrastructure—but absorbed them into a dramatic real estate boom. Real estate speculation generated a class of rural neo-rentiers, but excluded many and compounded pre-existing class, caste, and gender inequalities. While the SEZ disappointed most villagers’ expectations of “development,” land speculation fractured the village and disabled collective action. The case of “Rajpura” helps to illuminate the exclusionary trajectory of capitalism that underlay land conflicts in contemporary India—and explain why the Indian state is struggling to pacify farmers with real estate payouts. Using the extended case method, Dispossession without Development advances a sociological theory of dispossession that has relevance beyond India.
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41

Jenkins, Rob, and James Manor. NREGA, National Politics, and Policy Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190608309.003.0007.

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This chapter examines how politics has affected public debates concerning India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 (NREGA) and how best to reform it. Because of its immense size and scope, NREGA found itself implicated in a wide range of key national policy debates: from public finance to internal security to rural development. It has also produced changes in local political dynamics, in the political calculus of state-level leaders, in social interactions, and in perceptions of social status. This chapter addresses these issues through discussions of three thematic areas: corruption and governance; wages and work; and India's development paradigm. The revisions to NREGA's operational practices after the re-election of the Congress Party-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government in 2009 are also examined.
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42

Majumder, Sarasij. People's Car. Fordham University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823282425.001.0001.

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People's Car explores one of the major movements for resisting the acquisition of land by the government in the interests of siting a Tata Motors car factory in Singur, India. The factory becomes the alibi for nuanced interrogations that are both material and theoretical on resistance, changing rural realities in globalizing India and the very nature and idea of land. It asks why such long drawn resistances against corporate industrialization coexist with political rhetoric and slogans promoting fast paced industrialization. It argues that such contradictory rhetoric and promises target divided sentiments in rural India where land is more than a simple agricultural plot to middle caste small and marginal landowners aspiring nonfarm futures. People's Car breaks new ground by ethnographically establishing the incommensurability between land and money. Such incommensurability or non-equivalence, the book shows, simultaneously drives protests against land acquisition and fuels the demands for non-farm jobs and industrialization, the crux of rural middle-caste aspirational politics. It questions the dominant trend of romanticizing rural life and associated anti-development protests that uses the clichéd dichotomous tropes—rural Bharat vs. urban India.
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43

Lora-Wainwright, Anna. Resigned Activism. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262036320.001.0001.

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Pollution is one of the most pressing issues facing contemporary China and among the most prominent causes for unrest. Much of industry and mining takes place in rural areas, yet we know little about how rural communities affected by severe pollution make sense of it and the diverse form of activism they embrace. This book describes some of these engagements with pollution through three in-depth case studies based on the author’s fieldwork and an analysis of “cancer villages” examined in existing social science accounts. It challenges assumptions that villagers are ignorant about pollution or fully complicit with it and it looks beyond high-profile cases and beyond single strategies. It examines how villagers’ concerns and practices evolve over time and how pollution may become normalised. Through the concept of “resigned activism”, it advocates rethinking conventional approaches to activism to encompass less visible forms of engagement. It offers insights into the complex dynamics of popular contention, environmental movements and their situatedness within local and national political economies. Describing a likely widespread scenario across much of industrialised rural China, this book provides a window onto the staggering human costs of development and the deeply uneven distribution of costs and benefits. It portrays rural environmentalism and its limitations as prisms through which to study key issues surrounding contemporary Chinese culture and society, such as state responsibility, social justice, ambivalence towards development and modernisation and some of the new fault lines of inequality and social conflict which they generate.
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44

Unwin, Tim. Reclaiming Information and Communication Technologies for Development. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795292.001.0001.

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The development of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) has transformed the world over the last two decades. These technologies are often seen as being inherently ‘good’, with the ability to make the world better, and in particular to reduce poverty. However, their darker side is frequently ignored in such accounts. ICTs undoubtedly have the potential to reduce poverty, for example by enhancing education, health delivery, rural development, and entrepreneurship across Africa, Asia, and Latin America. However, all too often, projects designed to do so fail to go to scale, and are unsustainable when donor funding ceases. Indeed, ICTs have actually dramatically increased inequality across the world. Those with access to the latest technologies and the ability to use them effectively can indeed transform their lives, but those who are left without access have become increasingly disadvantaged and marginalized. The central purpose of this book is to account for why this is so, and it does so primarily by laying bare the interests that have underlain the dramatic expansion of ICTs in recent years. Unless these are fully understood, it will not be possible to reclaim the use of these technologies to empower the world’s poorest and most marginalized. The book is grounded in the Critical Theory of Jürgen Habermas, drawing especially on his notions of knowledge constitutive interests, and a particular conceptualization of the relationship between theory and practice. The book espouses the view that development is not just about economic growth, but must also address questions of inequality.
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45

Andersson Djurfeldt, Agnes, Fred Mawunyo Dzanku, and Aida Cuthbert Isinika, eds. Agriculture, Diversification, and Gender in Rural Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799283.001.0001.

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This book contributes to the understanding of smallholder agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa through addressing the dynamics of intensification and diversification within and outside agriculture, in contexts where women have much poorer access to agrarian resources than men. It uses a longitudinal cross-country comparative approach, relying on the Afrint dataset—unique household-level longitudinal data for six African countries collected over the period 2002–2013/15. The book first descriptively summarizes findings from the third wave of the dataset. The book nuances the current dominance of structural transformation narratives of agricultural change by adding insights from gender and village-level studies of agrarian change. It argues that placing agrarian change within broader livelihood dynamics outside agriculture, highlighting country- and region-specific contexts is an important analytical adaptation to the empirical realities of rural Africa. From the policy perspective, this book provides suggestions for more inclusive rural development policies, outlining the weaknesses of present policies illustrated by the currently gendered inequalities in access to agrarian resources. The book also provides country-specific insights from Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia.
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46

Biel Portero, Israel, Andrea Carolina Casanova Mejía, Amanda Janneth Riascos Mora, Alba Lucy Ortega Salas, Luis Andrés Salas Zambrano, Franco Andrés Montenegro Coral, Julie Andrea Benavides Melo, et al. Challenges and alternatives towards peacebuilding. Edited by Ángela Marcela Castillo Burbano and Claudia Andrea Guerrero Martínez. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/9789587602388.

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Rural development and peacebuilding in Colombia have been highly prioritized by higher education institutions since the signing of the Peace Agreement between the National Government and the FARC-EP. This has resulted in the need to further analyze rural strategies that contribute towards a better life for the population of territories where armed conflict is coming to an end, whilst understanding the pressing uncertainty that this process implies; on the one hand, for the urgency of generating rapid and concrete responses to social justice and equity, and on the other, because fulfilling the agreement guarantees scenarios of non-repetition of the war in the country. These were some of the reflections that motivated the research project “Rural development alternatives for peacebuilding: educational strategies to strengthen the ability of producers and young people that contribute to the coffee production chain in the municipalities of Leiva, Policarpa and Los Andes of the department of Narino, with international impact in the province of Carchi-Ecuador”. This work is presented as an investigative result that contains the analysis of theoretical and territorial Dynamic contributions regarding the construction of peace, education and the economy for rural development. The book is made up of three parts: Part 1 gathers sociological, legal and demographic works on the challenges of peacebuilding with the national and departmental context of Narino, and looks at human rights from the perspective of population health and quality of life. Part 2 presents texts on the dynamics of rural education in Colombia; national challenges and lessons learned based on case studies of specific forms of education. Part 3 presents economic analyses regarding the models that are behind the conception of rural development and the productive and institutional dynamics of the local sphere for the generation of employment and income. All three parts are relevant at both the national level and also the more specific area of the department of Narino and within this, the Cordillera region. This area, historically affected by the armed conflict, despite experiencing continuing uncertainty regarding the resurgence of violence and the increase in illegal crops, has also reignited hope with regards to finding solutions to the problems seen in the countryside; through educational, community and productive experiments. Although there are contradictory dynamics, the authors agree that the rural territory is a scene of permanent and collective construction, mediated by constant social struggles and power disputes with the State. It is therefore necessary to rethink the strategies for implementing the Peace Agreement in this region, with participatory scenarios being provided to include the rationale specific to rurality, such as: justice and reconciliation, social pedagogy, pertinence of study and student retention rates, social and solidarity economy, productive associativity, demographic conditions and health; including the physical, mental and social wellbeing of rural workers. With this work, we hope to reflect collectively with academics and human rights activists, spurring an increase in studies of rural areas and those analyses of community and innovative strategies that reinforce the road towards the construction of a lasting peace with social justice in Colombia.
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47

Sumner, Andy. Great Transformations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792369.003.0004.

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In this chapter we revisit this first era of classical developmentalism and industrialization in South East Asia from the late 1960s to the early to mid 1980s. The chapter argues that in keeping with the discussion of Lewis and Kuznets, the outcomes were impressive, and the end of classical developmentalism in South East Asia was due to global forces and the mode of global incorporation. The state was important in managing distributional tensions to address the Kuznetsian upswing of inequality that structural transformation unleashes. Specifically, the focus on agriculture and rural development ensured a social basis—improvements in welfare for the rural masses—that compensated for democracy. Agricultural development also supported industrialization. It is important to note, though, that absence of elite conflict, which facilitated structural transformation and inclusive growth in the region, had a high price in terms of the curtailing of political opposition, and political freedoms.
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48

Dimova, Ralitza, Sandra Kristine Halvorsen, Milla Nyyssölä, and Kunal Sen. Long-run rural livelihood diversification in Kagera, Tanzania. 9th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/943-3.

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What drives livelihood diversification among predominantly rural households in developing countries and how can welfare-enhancing patterns be established and sustained in the long run? A large literature has focused on whether income diversification is a means of survival or a means of accumulation, but it remains inconclusive. We first examine the pattern of income diversification for a panel of households in Tanzania from the 1990s—the Kagera Health and Development Survey—with a focus on whether it is primarily driven by survivalist or accumulation motives. We then verify whether this pattern is sustained in the long run using the 2004 wave of the survey while also studying the role that infrastructural improvements and entry into new income generation activities play in the process. Our results support the accumulation hypothesis: richer households engage in more income diversification than poorer households. We also find that the greater diversification of better-off households that was observed in the 1990s persists in 2004. At the same time, households that were originally poorer are found to experience higher incomes by diversifying into off-farm self-employment activities. Factors that explain these improvements include access to a daily market and public transport.
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49

Hong, Yu. Repurposing Telecoms for Capital. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040917.003.0003.

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Chapter 2 historicizes telecom development between 1978 and 2005 and explores how the purpose of telecom development—to serve the export-processing regime and to become an accumulation platform in itself—has strengthened social inequalities, including in telecommunications. This chapter first examines telecommunications’ radical reorganization intended to support the coastal export-processing regime at the beginning of the market reform. Then, it examines the local mechanism of rural telephone development in the late 1980s and 1990s. Lastly, it examines the corporate reforms that began in the late 1990s and continued into the twenty-first century, exploring how market forces, new technology, and the state’s attempts at harnessing market forces for social purposes have jointly made telecom networks a platform for corporate accumulation—and genesis of the networked economy.
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Chan, Emily Ying Yang. From theory to practice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198807179.003.0006.

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This chapter introduces some myths of health promotion, the project cycle of health and disaster preparedness education programmes, needs assessment, project planning, programme implementation and monitoring, programme evaluation, and notes for organizers and participants of health and disaster preparedness education programmes. Concrete examples will be provided to put the abstract framework into use. This chapter integrates the themes in previous chapters with relevant insights gained from actual field experience in Asia, focusing on programme implementation field experience and lessons learnt, as well as the practical challenges and problems encountered in the field in rural Asian settings. It will also discuss the field-policy nexus, that is, the fulfilment of policy ambitions in such international policy frameworks like the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030), and the Paris Agreement for Climate Change by rural field programmes in health, emergency, and disaster risk reduction.
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