Dissertations / Theses: 'Rural development – Pakistan – Punjab'

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Shami, Mahvish. "The road to development : market access and varieties of clientelism in rural Punjab, Pakistan." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/261/.

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Rural economies in developing countries are often characterised by high levels of inequality, particularly so in their distribution of land. This can lead to the establishment of patron-client relationships between peasants and their landlords with far-reaching social, political, and economic implications for both parties. This thesis investigates whether, and how, clientelist networks change, when connecting isolated villages become connected to the outside economy. It does so from three different perspectives. Firstly, it highlights the ability of resource rich landlords to interlink different markets in the rural economy in an effort to maximise surplus extraction. Yet, when peasants are provided credible exit options, the change in relative bargaining powers alters the character of such interlinkages in favour of the peasants. Secondly, it explores how clientelism enables landlords to use peasant votes as bargaining chips with politicians to appropriate public resources for their own private benefit. Yet, when peasants are given outside options, the landlord has to provide them with public goods in order to maintain his economic and social standing in the village. Lastly, it analyses peasants’ difficulty in engaging in community driven projects when residing under a strong patron. Yet, when landlords have to compete with markets outside the village, they no longer have the incentive or ability to block peasant collective action for self provision. In all three areas, it is argued that the patrons’ ability to control peasant activities stems from the interaction of inequality with isolation, which provides them with monopoly/monopsony powers. Hence while policy solutions to exploitative forms of clientelism have typically focused on land redistribution, I argue that similar results are attainable by increasing peasants’ outside options. In order to test the validity of this hypothesis I make use of a natural experiment found in the construction of a motorway in rural Punjab, Pakistan. The research design compares connected villages dominated by large landlords to isolated ones and uses villages with relatively egalitarian distribution of land as a control group. Making use of field interviews and quantitative survey data the thesis finds that connectivity results in converging outcomes between connected villages dominated by large landlords and those with more egalitarian distribution of land. The results suggest that connecting villages previously isolated from the outside economy can go a long way to help the rural poor.

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Hayat, Ansar. "Irrigation sector development in Punjab ( Pakistan) : Case Study of district Sargodha." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10147.

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Pakistan is a densely populated country; and its population is increasing rapidly. More than fifty percent of population is living in rural areas and is related to agricultural sector. Punjab is the most populated province of Pakistan. Irrigation system of Punjab is not very developed. The present irrigation system is almost hundred year old. The management of existing irrigation system is a big challenge. With increase in population, load on existing irrigation system is also rising and situation is presenting serious problems.

This report addresses main problems related to management of irrigation system in district Sargodha of Punjab province of Pakistan. The problem with management of existing irrigation system includes social as well as technical problems. This report also discusses loss in agricultural production due to mismanagement of irrigation system. Further, report also suggests possible solutions for the management of irrigation system. These solutions take into account reforms in social sector as well as introduction of new technology.

For the assessment of report, past research related to management of irrigation system in Indus basin has been studied. This research also includes ideas of previous researchers about management of irrigation system and then we try to conclude possible solutions for better management of irrigation system in area.

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Javed, Ijaz. "Groundwater development and management at Fordwah Eastern Sadiqia (South) Project, Bahawalnager, Punjab, Pakistan." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/MQ44189.pdf.

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Ranjha, Asif. "Working practices, problems and needs of the community development projects in Punjab Province, Pakistan." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2013. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/b5f4c02c-6d99-4606-83c5-17502ad24950.

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Community development programmes have been initiated to tackle the shared problems of local communities. The nature, volume and tenure of the development programmes depend on the felt needs and available resources. Different nations initiate community development programmes at different times. Pakistan was among first few countries to launch local level development programmes during the early 1950s, after consultation from the United Nations. The Government started the Village Agricultural Industrial Development (V-AID) and Community Development Projects (CDPs) that focused on rural and urban areas, respectively. The CDPs introduced the self-help and bottom-up development approaches in the early years, which led to great success. The mode of working of CDPs was changed with different transitions and expansions in their working styles and services. These projects are still alive and provide community development services directly, as well as indirectly through nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) registered with the Department of Social Welfare. This survey research was conducted to describe and explore the present working practices, problems and needs of government-run CDPs in Punjab Province, Pakistan. In 36 districts of Punjab, officers-in-charge at the CDPs (Deputy District Officers), NGOs registered with the CDPs and non-CDP-registered NGOs were included as respondents. Questionnaires having both closed-ended and open-ended questions were used as data collection tools. Results in the form of frequencies and percentages are presented in simple tables, multiple response tables, bar charts and pie charts. In addition, open-ended responses were coded, quantified and presented in multiple response tables. Analysis of data obtained from the three groups of participants provided rich and valuable results about the current work practices of CDPs. I found that CDPs are well-known government-run development projects that register, guide, assist and monitor NGOs and initiate direct programmes in communities. Almost all CDPs cover more than 35,000 people in their working areas with and face problems of untrained staff and staff shortages as mainly reported by NGOs. The respondent NGOs, in comparison to the DDOs, report the CDP staff performance as low and unsatisfactory. The role of CDPs in the NGO registration and emergency services is acknowledged. NGOs viewed the CDPs registration services overly long and complicated. Further, the mode of operation of the CDPs and their authority to deal with the local people and NGOs was found to be complex. In this regard, CDPs have limited authority and have to follow instructions given by higher authorities. The respondent NGOs consider the CDPs and higher authorities to be more authoritative in deciding planning and implementation of projects initiated by the CDPs directly at the local level. The CDPs face various problems that affect their smooth working. The responses of all three types of respondents report heavy population coverage, staff shortages, lack of staff training, lack of funds, and a lengthy and complicated NGO registration process as major hurdles affecting CDPs performances. Other problems include the limited authority of CDPs to fund NGOs and to take action against nonfunctional and unregistered NGOs, lack of transportation for field activities and noncooperation of the NGOs and local people. In addition, the CDPs need proper office buildings, equipment and cooperation from higher authorities, NGOs and local people. Following analysis of the responses provided, this study recommends that the higher authorities should equip the CDPs with more and better trained staff, more funding, better office buildings and equipment, more transportation, an improved and easy NGO registration process and more authority. The respondents also suggest the local NGOs and community should remain in contact and cooperate with the CDPs, and that the DDOs should assist the local communities and NGOs in problem-solving.

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Ahmad, Tusawar Iftikhar. "The role of rural women in livestock management : socio-economic evidences from diverse geographical locations of Punjab (Pakistan)." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933784.

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In rural Punjab of Pakistan, women from small farm families have a huge role to play in realizing the potential that the country has in livestock sector to flourish. The study presents the current socio-economic condition of women livestock raisers, the extent and nature of their participation in livestock management activities, the impact of women's participation on their families' welfare, and the factors affecting their participation in livestock management activities. The type and size of the family, respondent's age, distant location of the village from the city, and the overall developmental status of the district had their impact on different aspects of rural women's status. At each of the three geographical levels, women respondent's participation level in livestock management activities was multiple of that of their husbands' level. Cultural norms, gendered division of labor, availability of family labor, and the physical condition of the participant were found more operative in determining the nature and level of participation of the family labor in livestock management activities. Participation of the family labor, various aspects of women's status, livestock related factors, and economic factors were the main causes identified as the factors affecting women's participation in livestock management activities. Improving women's role in livestock management and production is essential in improving overall family's health, education, income, and food security. The results signify the need for geographical targeting and the importance of using a gendered approach in the agricultural development programs.

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Rahman, Tariq. "Enabling Development: A Housing Scheme in Rural Pakistan." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20410.

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This thesis explores the development of a housing scheme in rural Pakistan. In the so-called ‘backward’ district of Bhakkar, five entrepreneurs formed a partnership in 2004 to build the area’s first privately developed housing scheme. As housing schemes are associated with development in Pakistan, they saw themselves as providing services that the state was expected, but failed, to deliver. Departing from normative conceptions of the state, this case study demonstrates how state power functions in Pakistan. Though it is an entrepreneurial venture, the construction of the housing scheme is structured by a discourse of national development. Further, the project was made possible through the state’s integration of Bhakkar into global economic circuits. I argue that the Pakistani state’s power in this instance does not obtain from its felt presence in Bhakkar but rather from its assurance of access to various physical and digital networks through which it is reconfigured.

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Butt, Muqaddas. "Curriculum change and professional development of secondary school English teachers in Punjab (Pakistan) : challenges and opportunities." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3517.

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This study investigated two important and strongly associated educational components i.e. curriculum change and the professional development of teachers. The context of this research is the province of Punjab in the period following the implementation of the most recent change to the secondary school National Curriculum for English (CC2006). The major research question posed was, ‘what are secondary school English teachers’ perceptions of CC2006 and professional development opportunities available to them to facilitate the implementation of CC2006?’ The study adopted a mixed method approach. Data was collected by questionnaire to teachers; interviews with local education authority officials and provincial curriculum and professional development bodies; lesson observations and post observation interviews. The research explored perceptions of the challenges and difficulties teachers faced to implement CC2006; the impact of professional development on teaching and learning; and differences in teachers’ perceptions according to their personal and professional determinants. To provide a richer illustration of the variables under investigation, case studies of four schools were produced. The findings revealed that teachers or head teachers were seldom consulted during the planning or design phase of CC2006. Teachers were offered only one ‘centralized’ workshop and no formal support was available at district or school level to prepare them to implement curriculum change. However their general perceptions about CC2006 were positive. The challenges and difficulties teachers experienced in implementing CC2006 related to students; resources; administration; curriculum; and teachers’ personal factors. The findings lead to recommendations that the Provincial Government should develop support mechanisms and professional development activities for teachers to ensure the successful implementation of CC2006. In addition, the providers of professional development could enhance and tailor their TPD activities to include monitoring and follow up support systems to ensure the successful implementation of CC2006.

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Aftab, Khalid. "The development of small-scale enterprises : a study of the agriculture-related engineering industry in Pakistan Punjab." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1985. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28872.

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This study seeks to explain the emergence, survival and growth (or decline) of the small-scale sector of the Agriculture-Related Engineering Industry (producing irrigation and cultivation products) in Pakistan Punjab during 1950-83. The two sectors of the industry (viz.,the irrigation and cultivation) are separately studied. We have identified four factors to explain the emergence, survival and growth (or decline) of small firms. These are: historical, technological, demand and economic policy. The first factor relates to a reservoir of labour with metal working experience in the Punjab, and the second to the technical possibility of separation of various processes in the manufacturing of agricultural engineering products, particularly tubewells. The other two factors, expansion of demand for agricultural engineering products and public policy, offered investment opportunities to small enterprises, and created a favourable environment which permitted diffusion of skills and technical know-how. An expanding market and the emergence of extensive vertical specialisation among small firms combined to help the enterprises overcome barriers to entry presented by integrated production. The survival of the small-scale firms among the large firms was possible because of the segmentation of the private tubewell market: the former operated in the lower end, while the later dominated the upper end. The decline of the irrigation sector small-scale enterprises in the 1970s is attributable to (1) sudden fall in demand for private tubewells and (2) the inability of small enterprises to diversify into technically superior or similar products. The cultivation sector comprised of three segments: (1) the lower segment (made up of traditional simple products) into which small-scale firms could easily enter because of the low level of technology required; (2) the middle segment which was occupied by a limited number of medium-sized firms produced simpler modern cultivation equipment; and (3) the upper segment dominated by a few large firms which produced sophisticated products. This resulted in the emergence of a pyramid like structure of the cultivation sector which was determined by the nature of the market and the technological requirements of production for different products.

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Jamshed, Ali [Verfasser], and Jörn [Akademischer Betreuer] Birkmann. "Assessing dynamics of rural-urban linkages and their influence on rural vulnerability to extreme flood events : case study of three rural farming communities in Punjab, Pakistan / Ali Jamshed ; Betreuer: Jörn Birkmann." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1234452820/34.

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Zia, R. "A study to investigate the requirements of a continuing professional development programme for higher education academic staff in Punjab, Pakistan." Thesis, Swansea University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636735.

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This study traces the trends in higher education in Pakistan in the light of the country's educational policies and plans from 1971 to date. The implications contained therein for the continuing professional development of the higher education academic staff are highlighted. The existing facilities available, specifically, for the continuing professional development of the academic staff of degree colleges of Punjab are also identified. A postal questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data from all the degree colleges of Punjab to identify the prevailing state of continuing professional development of the academic staff in these colleges. Out of the replies to the postal enquiry, two institutions with highly dissimilar responses were selected as miniature case studies, basically to verify and enhance the data obtained through the questionnaire. Further, interviews were conducted with a sample of principals of degree colleges of Punjab, the persons in-charge of providing in-service education to the lecturers of these degree colleges of Punjab, the education officials as executive agents of the government's educational plans and the education ministers as policy-makers and the data were collected and collated to identify the requirements for a continuing professional development programme for the academic staff of the degree colleges of Punjab within the unique contextual factors of the country. The study indicates diversity in structure and provision of professional development activities for the academic staff of the degree colleges of Punjab. The study concludes that there is considerable need and scope for the initiation of a continuing professional development programme at the level of the degree colleges in Punjab.

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Rathore, Kashif. "Leadership and participatory development in post-reform (2001-2010) District Governments of Punjab, Pakistan : the cases of Attock and Sahiwal districts." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4721/.

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This thesis explored whether, why and how leadership or other factors in Punjab’s District Governments were related to participatory development programme introduced in Pakistan’s local governments in 2001. Networking/Partnering and transformational styles were found to be significantly correlated with participatory programme utilization levels in sixteen districts. Qualitative analysis in two districts concluded that leadership; local socioeconomic and power patterns; public awareness, trust and confidence; institutional-legal design of participatory development; policy-orientation of higher-level government(s); and local group politics were important factors affecting participatory development programme. Charismatic leadership is highly conductive to change when it builds integrity and trust in a novel public programme, but strong charisma could also lead to discouragement or even suppression of a poorly designed change when leaders intellectualize it in an unfavourable way. Participative leadership led to building follower ownership in participatory policy. Individualized consideration sub-style led to building follower capability for participatory development while intellectual stimulation was the most important leadership sub-style for checking elite-capture. The extent of participatory programme utilization was determined by Networking/Partnering leadership style. ‘Deliverance’ leadership behaviour was idealized by followers under conditions of poor citizen-rights. An ongoing uninterrupted participatory programme was found to be generally empowering for the communities in the long-term.

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Supri, Salinder Singh. "Off-farm activities in India : a case study of rural households in Rurka Kalan Development Block, Punjab, c.1961-1993." Thesis, University of Salford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245059.

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Pal, Mariam S. "An analysis of the role of women in economic development /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66051.

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Ali, Liaqut. "How to make use of knowledge embedded in development practice by using ICT to sustain rural development? : Case Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-16387.

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Owais, Syed. "NGOs, democratisation and grassroots empowerment : a case study of Rural Development Organisation's approach to social change in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/96792/.

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This thesis contributes to existing knowledge on NGOs in the global South through examining the case study of RDO, an NGO in Pakistan, investigating the influence of historically structured formal and informal institutions and the politico-economic factors shaping its efforts for democratic and empowerment-oriented change in rural communities. It analyses RDO’s philosophy and practice regarding the formation of community organisations, which are intended to work democratically for their own development and to access government and other NGOs’ services. It does this by analysing 63 qualitative interviews, 20 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), organisational documents and observational data from 8-months fieldwork. It is argued that, rather than democratising and empowering community members, whose relationships with each other and with the state agencies have been historically patronage-based (Gough et al., 2004) and marked by inequalities based on ethnicity, gender, and class, RDO tends to deal with the communities in a patronage-based manner. This is due to its inability to allocate adequate time to communities to institutionalise democratic values in place of path dependent structures (Pierson, 2000) of inequality and practices of patron-clientelism. This, in turn, emanates from its shift away from the empowerment agenda and subscription to neoliberal mode of interventions. Additionally, the interventions by national and international NGOs, most of which have burgeoned in the wake of post-2000 political and natural disasters, have also socialised the rural communities to perceive NGOs as providers of welfare goods. This has made it harder for RDO to work according to its goals. Hence, instead of changing path dependent structures (Pierson, 2000) of inequality and patron-clientelism (Gough et al., 2004), RDO, like most NGOs in the global South, has largely become an agent of its perpetuation.

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Karim, Muhammad Amin Ul. "A model for equitable quality of life in the rural Punjab: a regional approach." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27477.

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Suleman, Mohammad. "Epidemiology of malaria in Punjab, Pakistan : a case study in a rural community near Lahore." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9387.

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Murtaza, Awais. "A human settlements development policy for the Punjab, Pakistan." 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/22680.

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Rizvi, Mubbashir Abbas. "Masters not friends : land, labor and politics of place in rural Pakistan." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22035.

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This dissertation analyzes the cultural significance of land relations and caste/religious identity to understand political subjectivity in Punjab, Pakistan. The ethnography details the vicissitudes of a peasant land rights movement, Anjuman-e Mazarin Punjab (Punjab Tenants Association) that is struggling to retain land rights on vast agricultural farms controlled by the Pakistan army. The dissertation argues that land struggles should not only be understood in tropes of locality, but also as interconnected processes that attend to global and local changes in governance. To emphasize these connections, the dissertation gives a relational understanding of 'politics of place' that attends to a range of practices from the history of colonial infrastructure projects (the building of canals, roads and model villages) that transformed this agricultural frontier into the heart of British colonial administration. Similarly, the ethnographic chapters relate the history of 'place making' to the present day uncertainty for small tenant sharecroppers who defied the Pakistan Army's attempts to change land relations in the military farms. Within these parameters, this ethnographic study offers a "thick description" of Punjab Tenants Association to analyze the internal shifts in loyalties and alignments during the course of the protest movement by looking at how caste, religious and/or class relations gain or lose significance in the process. My research seeks to counter the predominant understanding of Muslim political subjectivity, which privileges religious beliefs over social practices and regional identity. Another aspect of my work elucidates the symbolic exchange between the infrastructural project of irrigation, railway construction and regional modernity in central Punjab. The network of canals, roads and railways transformed the semi-arid region of Indus Plains and created a unique relationship between the state and rural society in central Punjab. However, this close relationship between rural Punjab and state administration is not void of conflict but rather it indicates a complex sense of attachment and alienation, inclusion and exclusion from the state.
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KHAN, Hidayat Ullah. "Economic Analysis of Community-based Development Interventions in Rural Pakistan." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10086/25673.

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Niazi, Amarah 1981. "Expressions of modernity in rural Pakistan : searching for emic perspectives." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30473.

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This dissertation examines women's lives in a rapidly urbanizing rural community in Southern Pakistan to understand their responses to modernity in developing societies. Applying a mixed-methods approach, socio-demographic data is collected and contrasted with oral history and personal narratives to analyze social change through women's access to education and reproductive health care in the village. The results are framed within a post-modern and post-colonial feminist anthropological discourse to reveal that Sheherpind represents a model of 'multiple modernities' where women's agency and progress could only be contextualized in non-western, local cultural perspectives. Emerging trends in the village are evaluated for their 'Applied' significance to underscore areas of local, national and transnational policy significance.
Graduation date: 2013

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rural development – Pakistan – Punjab'

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