Academic literature on the topic 'Rural development projects - Developing countries'
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Journal articles on the topic "Rural development projects - Developing countries"
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Nova, Monika. "Community tourism – Development of rural areas in developing countries." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 07043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219207043.
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Research background: Community-based tourism has become a very popular form of sustainable tourism in the world. Tourism is supposed to be developmental in nature benefiting the local community by improving the Quality-of-Life and the standard of living for locals and local commerce. It is therefore imperative to understand that the community around tourism development is important and has to be involved in the development from the initial planning of the development as the sole beneficiaries of the development. Purpose of the article: The aim of this work was to evaluate the prerequisites for the development of community-based tourism and Bridging the technology gap for community-based tourism projects in Cambodia. Methods: The theoretical part is focused especially on community-based tourism, its origin, history and possibilities of development. The practical part of the thesis consists of a descriptive part which characterizes the studied area from the point of view of living conditions and tourism, and, also, contains the results of analysis of interviews conducted conditions and tourism, and, also, contains the results of analysis of interviews conducted with the local people and person by the implementer during the stay in the Cambodia were analysed using the Grounded theory method. Findings & Value added: The result of the paper is to set the prerequisites for the development of community-based tourism and recommendations for a subsequent research.
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Awa, Awa Julius. "Participatory Approach in Project Management and Developement in Developing Countries." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 6, no. 2 (June 10, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v6i2.p23-26.
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Community development and management in most developing countries especially in Africa has been retarded because the main participants which are the local people have been left out or neglected in the implementation of developmental projects by either governments or some developmental agencies Whereas, participatory approach is a method of conceiving projects in which all the stake holders have a say in decision making which has greatly been the canker-worm of developing countries. They are various types of participatory approaches which may include Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Participatory Assessment Monitoring and Evaluation (PAME) which could be analyzed as appropriate approach in realizing Community’s effort in developing countries and stresses the need for integration, participation and empowerment. With the application of these principles, the integration of various stake holders will enhances cross ‘sectoral’ harmonization of developmental objectives as well as increased coordination between agencies involved in the developmental process. Participation on its part gives the opportunity for consultation with those most directly affected which most at times are rural dwellers in developing countries; hence increasing the level of involvement of local people in the development process (Storey, 1999) and gives community members to take part in identifying priority areas, decision making and vulnerable groups to participate effectively in community development.
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Madon, Shirin. "Computer-based Information Systems for Decentralized Rural Development Administration: A Case Study in India." Journal of Information Technology 7, no. 1 (March 1992): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839629200700104.
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Administrative reform currently being undertaken in a number of developing countries is focusing on the introduction of microcomputers as a tool for the decentralization of rural development administration. Experience to date concerning these efforts reveals that the key determinants of successful implementation of the technology are associated with organizational factors rather than hardware and software. However, these factors have been inadequately addressed in the literature on information technology in developing countries and empirical research drawing on experience of individual projects in developing countries is needed. To this end, this paper describes the case of the Computerized Rural Information Systems Project (CRISP) which is a government initiative to promote decentralization of rural development management in India. The interaction between formal, government-approved guidelines for rural development management and informal practice at the local level is examined. The findings reveal that the diffusion of technology has not been accompanied with changes to local work, decision and administrative processes.
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Magsi, Habibullah, Andre Torre, Yansui Liu, and M. Javed Sheikh. "Land Use Conflicts in the Developing Countries: Proximate Driving Forces and Preventive Measures." Pakistan Development Review 56, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v56i1pp.19-30.
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This research aims to analyse land use conflicts mainly caused by infrastructural development projects in the developing countries. For this purpose, qualitative data is gathered which is frequently published on land use conflicts against the development related infrastructure projects in Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and Pakistan. It identifies and defines land use conflicts, their dynamic features and contestations. The results reveal as to how the conflicts have been germinated by the property and human right violators? Further, it also focuses on the governance roles and responsibilities, the institutional inconsistency towards justice, and the local population’s mistrust in the respective case study areas. The analysis concludes with an overview of the root causes and consequences of land use conflicts, by indicating as to how land use decisions for infrastructural settings have changed rural economy, and induced local population to displace and oppose the projects. Finally, the study proposes some preventive measures to manage such conflicts. JEL Classification: D74, O16, H54 Keywords: Conflict, Proximity Relations, Infrastructure, Developing Countries
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Monroy, Carlos Rodríguez, and Antonio San Segundo Hernández. "Strengthening financial innovation in energy supply projects for rural communities in developing countries." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 15, no. 5 (October 2008): 471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3843/susdev.15.5:8.
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Olaniyi, Oladokun Nafiu. "Crowdfunding as a Catalyst to Spur infrastructure Development in Rural Communities in Developing countries: Opportunities and Challenges." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(87).
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Rapid decline in commodities price and slow economy grow has increased stress on government budget at all level. The strain in government budget has in particular tremendous impact on rural communities. Deep understanding of the underlying issues makes it necessary for the adoption of innovative means of financing infrastructures. Crowdfunding has provided new tools for mobilizing funds to finance various projects globally. Effective utilization of this innovative financing tool has potential to enhance infrastructure development in rural communities. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges for effective mobilization of funds through crowddfunding for financing infrastructures in rural communities. The Finding of this paper is expected to identify the various models of crowdfunding and challenges in relation to its implementation in developing countries. Keywords: Crowdfunding; Infrastructure; Developing Countries
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Mir, Suheel Rasool. "COMMUNITY TOURISM AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN KASHMIR." International Journal of Tourism & Hospitality Reviews 5, no. 1 (January 26, 2019): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijthr.2018.515.
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Tourism is one of the world's fastest-growing industries, and for many countries, especially those in the developing world, it holds promising economic backing. Not only does tourism create job opportunities and possibilities for economic development, but it can also do so in regions having few other economic resources.. For these reasons, many countries, mainly in the developing world, have been proactive to build up tourism industries as part of national development strategies.
Although Kashmir is acknowledged as the heaven on earth because of its abundant charming spots and attractions despite that Jammu and Kashmir is an industrially backward state without a strong industrial stand. Community Based Tourism (CBT), a future prospect, is a sort of sustainable tourism that encourages pro-poor strategies at community level and helps to eliminate poverty in rural areas of Kashmir. CBT initiatives intend to involve local population in the management and supervision of micro tourism projects as a means of alleviating poverty and providing a substitute income source for community members. CBT initiatives also encourage respect for local traditions, culture and natural heritage. Tourism offers many advantages to rural communities. Community Tourism has potential and can be used as a strategy for Rural Development.
The present study will help to find out the importance of community tourism and rural development in the Valley of Kashmir. Finally some suggestions will be given so as to enhance community tourism development in Kashmir Valley.
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Mondal, Wali I. "Microcredit As A Tool For Rural Development: A Case Study Of Malaysia." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 8, no. 1 (December 22, 2011): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v8i1.6741.
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Malaysia is a prosperous country in Southeast Asia with two distinct geographical sections separated by the China Sea. Because the country has one of the lowest poverty rates of any developing country with 5.1 per cent of its population living below the poverty line, microcredit projects which are typically aimed at poverty alleviation, have not grown as rapidly as in other developing countries. However, microcredit and microfinancing lead to the growth of the microentrepreneur class in both rural and urban areas. Historically, of the 11 economic sectors of Malaysia, four sectors, namely Agriculture, forestry and fisheries; Mining and quarrying; Construction; and Wholesale and retail trade, hotels and restaurant did not grow at the rate of other economic sectors. A significant amount of economic activities of these four sectors take place in rural Malaysia. This was confirmed by the results of a Shift-Share analysis conducted by the author for the period of 2000-2005 and later compared with similar statistics for 2010. Using these results and comparing the success of microcredit in other developing countries, a case is made for sustained investment in microenterprises throughout rural Malaysia in the four sectors noted above.
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Muluh, Gregory Nguh, Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi, and Ngwa Kester Azibo. "Challenges and Prospects of Sustaining Donor-Funded Projects in Rural Cameroon." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 7, 2019): 6990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11246990.
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For more than five decades, developing countries (including Cameroon) have been primary beneficiaries of donor-funded projects targeting many sectors, including agriculture and rural development. Cameroon’s rural landscape witnessed a series of project interventions which emphasized sustainability. Although research efforts have been directed towards understanding the planning, implementation and impacts of donor-funded projects, not enough scientific information exists on the determinants, challenges and prospects of sustaining donor-funded projects in rural communities in Cameroon. For this study, the Investment Fund for Communal and Agricultural Micro-projects (FIMAC I) scheme, was used to diagnose the determinants, challenges and prospects for sustaining development projects in the North West Region (NWR) of Cameroon. A representative sample of 150 beneficiaries drawn from 20 farming groups in the NWR was conducted, to generate data which was complemented by interviews. The binary logistic regression results reveal the following: Although there is a significant change in the level of incomes for the FIMAC I project beneficiaries, its sustainability (mirrored through continuity) is dependent upon a myriad of socio-economic factors including family size, length of stay in the community, gender, education and the status of the beneficiary. Furthermore, the less transparent loan application process and the lack of collateral security were the main challenges faced by project beneficiaries. We argue that the introduction of soft loans with minimal demands for collateral security could increase beneficiary participation in projects, while beneficiary groups should further diversify their sources of capital and productive activities. The study does not only contribute to existing theoretical constructs on sustainable rural development, but also makes a succinct request for future studies to unbundle the conditions, under which donor-funded projects are rendered sustainable in rural contexts.
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Stritzke, Susann, and Prem Jain. "The Sustainability of Decentralised Renewable Energy Projects in Developing Countries: Learning Lessons from Zambia." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 3757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133757.
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Decentralised renewable energy (RE) systems such as solar PV mini-grids (MG) are considered to be a cornerstone for the strategic achievement of the UN’s energy access goals in the developing world. Many of these systems implemented however face substantial technical, financial and social sustainability challenges which are also a recurring theme in the relevant literature. MG analyses however often lack detailed technical or financial data or apply ‘silo-approaches’ as a comprehensive review of MG case study literature presented in this article reveals. Consequently, this study aims to enhance the understanding of RE MG sustainability in the developing context based on the integrated evaluation of the technical, financial and social dimensions of MG operation through empirical data from community surveys on energy use from Uganda and Zambia and two in-depth MG case studies from Zambia. By presenting detailed technical and financial data in combination with energy consumer perception, the study aims to close existing data gaps on sustainable RE MG operation and offers an approach to evaluate and optimise the operational sustainability of an MG in its individual local context. The article finds that the complex rural community ecosystem is a central, but yet undervalued determinant of MG sustainability in rural developing contexts. The mismatch between energy affordability and MG tariffs threatens MG sustainability and the scaling of energy access projects if not addressed specifically during project development and implementation. Consequently, the article calls for a strategic inclusion of community-ecosystem parameters and MG planning based on realistic energy affordability levels and an added value approach that includes dynamic MG financing mechanisms and targeted measures to generate added value through energy consumption as integral parts of RE MG projects.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rural development projects - Developing countries"
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Tjale, Malose Moses. "The impact of local economic development projects funded by the Department of Health and Social Development on poverty alleviation in Bakenberg area of Mogalakwena Municipality, Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/625.
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Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2011The study investigates the impact of LED projects funded by the DHSD on poverty alleviation in the Bakenberg area of the Mogalakwena Municipality. The DHSD established more than ten different types of projects in the area to alleviate poverty in the local area. The Bakenberg area is part of the Mogalakwena Municipality and is characterized by high poverty rate and unemployment. It is also regarded as one of the rural areas of the Municipality. The study used a case study methodology and a mixture of quantitative and qualitative research designs. The stratified random sampling method with a sample size of sixty (60) was used to collect data from various projects in the six categories. Data were collected by using the unstructured face-to-face interview method. The data were then analysed using the Moonstats Windows 14.0 to describe frequency tables, plotted pie and bar graphs for the quantitative study and the thematic method of analysis for the qualitative study. The key findings of the study were based on core issues, such as the profiles of the respondents that indicated that the majority of the research participants were females. Most of the LED projects had a problem of marketing their products, and this needed urgent attention. LED projects make an impact on job creation, sustainable livelihoods and social capital among project members and their communities. The study recommends that committed individuals who take part in poverty alleviation should be considered for funding rather than to provide state grants only to groups of people. Resources such as transport should be provided to projects in local areas to access any type of market. LED projects should install palisade and electric security fences around projects to prevent theft within the projects. The study also recommends that a stipend of R500 should be paid to each youth who joins the LED projects to encourage the youth to participate in LED projects.
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Osah, Umeoniso Joshua. "A process assessment framework for rural ICT projects in developing countries: an exploration of the Siyakhula Living Lab, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001623.
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Rural development can be supported by information and knowledge which are key strategic resources for socio economic development. ICTs enable the facilitation and communication of information between remotely dispersed individuals or groups and more developed regions. While it has become common place that ICTs possess capabilities to potentially support rural development, the concept of ICT for development (ICT4D) is still fraught with challenges and barriers, which impede the success and sustainability of ICT4D projects. It is therefore essential to evaluate rural ICT projects, as such an analysis may aid in revealing information related to the need, effectiveness, impact, and sustainability of these projects. This research seeks to further the implementation and exploration of the Rural ICT Comprehensive Evaluation Framework (RICT-CEF), through the application of the Process Assessment domain in a real life rural ICT project environment. The RICT-CEF framework consisting of 7 evaluation domains has the primary objective of evaluating rural ICT projects from their inception stages to post implementation. A process assessment seeks to determine whether or not a rural ICT project is operating to implement its intended functions in the intended way specified in the projects plan. Such an assessment is invaluable to a comprehensive evaluation. Evaluation questions for a process assessment are centred around critical themes of project performance. Critical themes are aspects of a programme or projects implementation which must be enacted in order to achieve desired project outcomes. This research study is aimed at identifying critical themes of process assessment relevant to rural ICT4D projects. To identify critical themes, assessment approaches on social programme process assessments, evaluation of information systems in use, and rural ICT4D project evaluation case studies are comparatively analysed. Fourteen assessment approaches from these three categories are selected based on criteria. To analyse selected assessment approaches, a template is created based on the research questions, foundational literature on process assessment and identified challenges applicable to process assessments of rural ICT4D projects. Comparing and contrasting critical themes from these assessment approaches highlight critical themes essential to assess in the iterative implementation phase of rural ICT projects. Accentuated critical themes include, service utilization, organizational function and external project factors. These themes, along with suggested guiding principles from literature for conducting process assessments enable the creation of a framework for conducting process assessments of rural ICT projects. The framework is labelled "the Rural ICT Project Process Assessment Framework (RICTP-PAF)". The application of the RICTP-PAF in a real life rural ICT project through a design science case study provides lessons learned (suitability and shortcomings) from applying the framework. This essentially demonstrates the sensitivity of the RICTP-PAF to rural contexts in which it is implemented in. For instance, the implemented prototype of the RICTP-PAF reveals that the framework places a great deal of emphasis on rural beneficiary perspectives. A practice which has been lacking in such evaluation exercises. Furthermore, the guiding principles elucidated, bring to mind best practices to deal with issues such as stakeholder conflict, unreliable data elicitation and unethical assessment practices. The RICTP-PAF represents a fundamental tool for process assessments of rural ICT projects, and may be adopted and customized to various rural ICT project contexts in developing countries.
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Malovha, Shandukani Shedwin. "Contribution of community development projects towards poverty alleviation in Thulamela Local Municipality, Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1420.
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Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2013The research study investigated the contribution of community development projects towards poverty alleviation in Thulamela Local Municipality of Limpopo province. This research study seeks to investigate the factors that hinder community development projects from contributing positively towards the improvement of the lives of rural communities in the area of the study. This study is also concerned with the development of effective strategies that will enhance the capacity of community development project managers and change their perception and that of other stakeholders with regard to the implementation of community development projects. The literature review established the relationship between community development project and project management. In this regard, the study showed that community projects run by project managers with proper knowledge of and skills in project management impact positively on the improvement of the lives of the rural communities. In this study, a mixed research design approach was used in the investigation of the factors that hinder community projects to contribute positively towards poverty alleviation in Thulamela Local Municipality. Questionnaires and structured interviews were used to collect data from the target population. The findings of the study suggest that most managers of the community development projects lack training in project management.They also revealed that there were inadequate resources; there is a lack of community participation in decision-making, and shortage of funds hampered the sustainability of community development projects. To conclude, it is expected that the recommendations of this research study will highlight the strategies that could be put in place to improve the management of community development projects in order to improve the livelihoods of people in the Thulamela Local Municipality.
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Pade, Khene Caroline Ileje. "The development and implementation of an evaluation for rural ICT projects in developing countries: an exploration of the Siyakhulu Living Lab, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002767.
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Rural development is a priority for poverty alleviation and development in developing countries, as the majority of the poor live in rural areas. Information and knowledge are key strategic resources for social and economic development as they empower rural communities with the ability to expand their choices through knowing what works best in their communities. Information and communication technologies (ICT) play a significant role in supporting rural development activities through providing supportive development information and creating essential interconnectivities between rural areas and more developed regions. However, rural ICT for development (ICT4D) is still at best a ‘working hypothesis’, faced with barriers and challenges associated with implementation and use in the rural environment; which threaten the success, sustainability or relevance of an ICT intervention. Many key questions remain largely unanswered, with no concrete or credible data to support a wide range of claims concerning the use of ICT for development. The evaluation of rural ICT projects is indispensable as it determines the need, effectiveness, impact, sustainability and extent of the awareness of the contribution such projects or programmes can make in poverty alleviation and development. Even so, existing ICT4D evaluations are confrontedwith shortcomings and challenges which influence the accuracy and reliability of evaluation conclusions. These shortcomings highlight the need to embark on a more comprehensive evaluation approach, sensitive to the rural environment. This research study was aimed at developing a comprehensive rural ICT evaluation framework to assess ICT projects and interventions that work toward supporting poverty eradication in rural communities. A multi-method approach was used to determine the multiple variables and components associated with rural ICT evaluation, and then to determine how these variables interrelate. The approach is founded on programme evaluation, ICT for development evaluation, and information systems evaluation. Firstly, key domains of programme evaluations combined with an exploration of the need and shortcomings of ICT4D evaluation, contributed to the development of a template to analyse existing ICT4D evaluation frameworks and information systems frameworks, based on a selection of criteria. The combined analysis of the two groups of frameworks compares and contrasts key characteristics that form the structure of a comprehensive evaluation. This analysis and a review of programme evaluation enabled the development of a Rural ICT Comprehensive Evaluation Framework (RICT-CEF) that encompasses the key components essential for a comprehensive evaluation of rural ICT projects. The theoretical framework aims to inform ICT intervention to improve and support rural development, through the application of fundamental and interconnected evaluation domains sensitive to the rural environment, throughout the project’s lifecycle. In order to obtain a better understanding and application of the RICT-CEF, a real-life case study investigation of the Siyakhula Living Lab reveals the lessons learned (shortcomings and suitability) from applying a prototype of the framework in a rural environment. The study is characteristically a rich case study, as the investigation occurs at two levels: 1) The actual evaluation of the project to obtain results to improve or guide the project, through applying domains of the RICT-CEF, and 2) Observing and investigating the application of the RICT-CEF framework to learn lessons from its evaluation process in a real-life context. The research study reveals the compatibility of the RICT-CEF framework in a real-life rural ICT intervention case, and builds lessons learned for enhancing the framework and guiding future evaluations in ICT4D. The RICT-CEF can possibly be viewed as a platform for the key domains and processes essential for the evaluation of ICT4D interventions; which can be customised for a variety of ICT projects, such that a comparative assessment of projects can provide measurement and further awareness of the impact of rural ICT in developing countries.
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Biswas, Margaret Rose. "FAO : its history and its achievements during the first four decades, 1945-1985." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0b79db50-0d09-422e-8a11-d0ef8e9d47c3.
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Berger, Guy. "Social structure and rural economic development." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007643.
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New concepts and a synthesis of existing theories may assist in studying the relationship between social structure, development and rural development. The concept of social structure encompasses the concept of economic structure which may be analysed in terms of three "Moments" of production. On this basis, one can distinguish between heterogeneous and homogeneous relations of production structures. "Homogeneous relations" together with "system dynamics" and ''reproduction", define the concept of a mode of production. "Development" refers to the expansion of total productive capacity, premissed on advanced means of production, and corresponding to the particular relations and forces of production in an economic system. The capitalist mode of production has both tendencies and countertendencies to development. The latter prevail in the Third World due to the admixture and heterogeneity of production relations there, and to their subordinate articulation within an international capitalist economic system. In this context, underdevelopment is the result of the specific factors of monopoly competition, dependence-extraversion, disarticulation-unevenness, the three-tier structure of the peripheral economy, surplus transfer, and class structures and struggles. Rural development can be understood in terms of the specific contribution of agriculture to development, theorized as the "Agrarian Question". Agrarian capitalism has been slow to develop in the Third World, and the state of agriculture remains a problem there. "Rural development" has emerged as a deliberate and interventionist state strategy designed to restructure agrarian relations for development. This has contributed to the formation of particular heterogeneous relations of production articulated to the capitalist mode. In this context, the character of the associated classes has left the Agrarian Question unresolved. "Rural development" continues because it has an important~ and even primary, political significance - although this is not without contradictions.
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Barnes, Rebecca Ruth Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Planning for sustainable water and sanitation projects in rural, developing communities." Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Civil & Environmental Engineering, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44507.
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Premature failure or abandonment of water or sanitation interventions in developing communities is a common phenomenon and one which is preventing potential benefits from being fully realised. While the causes of project failure are complex and varied, the literature addressing project failure implicates poor planning in many unsustained small-scale projects. In particular, a number of authors criticise planning that fails to include consideration of key sustainability areas. This thesis explores the relationship between planning for rural water and sanitation development projects and their sustainability using both ??depth?? of information gathered through a case study in rural Philippines and ??breadth?? of information gathered from key informants representing a range of regions and organisational types. Key informant interviews show the case study findings to be generally transferable between regions. Both methods illustrate the need for interpersonal relationships of trust and unity, commitment and integrity in project personnel, significant time spent in data-gathering and consensus development, creative modes of communication, ongoing contact and detailed long-term financial planning. A critical evaluation of 17 prominent, existing planning frameworks for rural water supply and sanitation projects is presented with respect to key attributes of good planning practice as identified during the case study and interviews. The evaluation reveals both strengths and inadequacies in current planning frameworks, illuminating possible causes of persistent poor planning. Finally, methods are identified by which planning processes can be improved so as to reduce the incidence of early water and sanitation project failure. An existing decision framework, the Water Services Association of Australia (WSAA) Sustainability Framework, was trialled during the Philippines Case Study. The new Planning Framework for Rural Water and Sanitation was developed as a result of the trial, the case study and the interviews. The new framework employs the primary sustainability criteria in the decision process in the form of constraints developed using participatory processes, thereby defining a safe space within which the beneficiaries may have freedom and confidence to select their desired technical solutions. Other key elements of good planning practice are incorporated, including those typically omitted by existing frameworks in the rural water and sanitation development sector.
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Ohiare, Sanusi. "Financing rural energy projects in developing countries : a case study of Nigeria." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10462.
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The recent awareness created by the UN Secretary General on the need to provide universal energy for all by 2030, which culminated in the declaration of 2012 as the “International Year of Sustainable Energy for All”, laid particular emphasis on the challenge of funding rural electrification in developing countries, and the need for innovative ways and financing options to be developed at national, regional and global levels towards achieving the ‘energy for all’ target of 2030. This research, as part of efforts towards remedying the rural electrification scourge of developing countries, particularly in Nigeria, provides financing options for rural electrification as far as the Nigerian Electricity Supply Industry (NESI) context is concerned. The study does this by first identifying appropriate least-cost electrification supply mode (Grid, Mini-grid and Off-grid), and estimating the financing requirement for providing universal energy access to rural Nigeria by 2030, using a spatial electricity planning model called the ‘Network Planner’. Results from this research shows that by the end of the seventeen year planning period (2013-2030), 98% of currently un-electrified communities will be viable for grid expansion, while only 2% will be mini-grid compatible. This is based on a proposed MV line extension of 12,193,060 metres or (12,193 kilometres), LV line length proposal of 711,954,700 metres or (711,954 kilometres), and an estimated total cost of US$34.5 billion investment within the planning period. More so, a total number of 28.5 million households are to be electrified by 2030, which is equivalent to an estimated 125million people to be provided electricity by 2030.The analysis was done for the 36 states of Nigeria and the entire country, using data from the 774 Local Government Areas of Nigeria. In addition to the Rural Electrification Fund (REF) of the FGN, which gets funding from yearly budgetary allocations from the FGN, fines obtained by NERC, surplus appropriation, interests accruing to the REF and donations from various sources, the following financing options were recommended for rural electrification in Nigeria: The establishment of a Renewable Energy Development Charge (REDC); The establishment of a Rural Electrification Fund Tax (REFT) Law; adopting rural electrification as part of Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) for oil and other companies; Exploring the option of Crowd-funding; and Establishing a Renewable Energy Private Equity Fund in Nigeria.
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Hansen, B. B. (Britt Bertram). "The impact of international funding on projects in developing countries." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53644.
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Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This assignment seeks to critically analyse the impact of international funding on the present state of development in developing countries. The aim of the analysis is to provide recommendations to improve the methods and motives behind giving funding in order to increase the impact of such funding. International funding provided to developing countries is often based on rigid guidelines, requirements, restrictions and conditions. It is these conditions that need revising to be more appropriate for conditions in developing countries. Only through viewing case studies and learning from them is it possible for international funding to facilitate more innovative and effective development to those in need. The research findings are derived from analysis of the literature review of international funding and through viewing the Danish International Development Assistance (DANIDA) and the South African Police Service (SAPS), the two organisations of this case study. The SAPS is one of many organisations receiving international assistance and have benefited from assistance from DANIDA since 1994. Funding for the project in the study was granted after the project proposal was formulated to fit the requirements of the DANIDA Guideline for Project Preparation, a set of guidelines prescribed to any organisation wanting to receive funding from DANIDA. All funding organisations have similar guidelines although it is evident that some are more rigid and prescriptive than others. From this study a list of recommendations were developed pertaining to the sets of guidelines used by international development organisations. It appeared rational that the list of recommendations should be divided into suggestions on the required structures of development organisations and on the required aspects to be included in the project proposal and implementation. The recommendations to the structures were to determine the level of involvement of the funding organisation in the project; to determine the literacy level necessary to comply with the funding requirements; to decide on the level of involvement of external consultants; to ensure frequent reviews; and finally to ensure conflict resolution. The aspects to be included in the project proposal and implementation were based on ensuring equal opportunity in terms of diversity and gender awareness; to commit to the sustainability of the project; for all parties to be involved in the compilation of project objectives and to ensure that the project represents the overall development goals of the beneficial country. Although a number of these recommendations are applied by some organisations it is necessary for the successful outcome of a project that all are considered. Each recommendation represents a building block of development and these are all interdependent. The general conclusion of this study is therefore that some level of conditionality is necessary. No one can expect economic aid to be given without conditions but the conditions must be fair, benefiting the recipient country and ensuring that development of those living in poverty is indeed the outcome of all funding.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie werkstuk het ten doelom die impak van internasionale befondsing op die huidige stand van ontwikkeling in ontwikkelende lande krities te analiseer. Die analise het die formulering van aanbevelings ter verbetering van die metodes en motiewe agter die toestaan van befondsing ten doel ten einde die impak van sulke fondse te verhoog. Internasionale befondsing vir ontwikkelende lande is dikwels gebaseer op rigiede riglyne, vereistes, beperkings en voorwaardes. Dit is hierdie voorwaardes wat hersien moet word ten einde meer toepaslik vir toestande in ontwikkelende lande te wees. Slegs deur die ontleding van gevallestudies en lesse daaruit geleer is dit moontlik vir internasionale befondsers om meer innoverende en effektiewe ontwikkeling aan behoeftiges te fasiliteer. Die navorsingsbevindings is afgelei uit die analise van die literatuurstudie insake internasionale befondsing, asook die analise van die twee organisasies in die gevallestudie, naamlik die "Danish International Development Assistance (DANIDA)" en die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisie Diens (SAPD). Die SAPD is een van vele organisasies wat internasionale bystand ontvang en word reeds sedert 1994 deur DANIDA ondersteun. Befondsing vir die projek waarop die gevallestudie gebaseer is, was toegestaan nadat die projekvoorstel geformuleer is volgens die vereistes van die "DANIDA Guideline for Project Preparation". Laasgenoemde is 'n stel riglyne wat voorgeskryf word aan alle organisasies wat vir befondsing wil kwalifiseer. Alle befondsingsorganisasies het soortgelyke riglyne, alhoewel dit duidelik is dat sommiges veel meer rigied en voorskrywend is as ander. Uit die studie is 'n stel aanbevelings ontwikkel rakende die riglyne soos gebruik deur internasionale ontwikkelingsorganisasies. Dit blyk rasioneel om die lys van aanbevelings te verdeel volgens voorstelle rondom die vereiste struktuur van ontwikkelingsorganisasies, asook voorstelle aangaande die vereiste aspekte wat ingesluit moet word in die projekvoorstel en implementering. Aanbevelings insake die struktuur het ten doelom vas te stel watter vlak van betrokkenheid van die befondser benodig word; om die nodige geletterdheidsvlak vir die nakoming van die befondsingsvereistes te bepaal; om die vlak van betrokkenheid van eksterne konsultante te bepaal; om gereelde hersiening te verseker; en om konflik oplossing te verseker. Aspekte om in te sluit in die projekvoorstel en implementering is gebaseer op die versekering van gelyke geleenthede in terme van diversiteit en geslagsbewustheid; om volhoubaarheid van die projek na te streef; vir alle partye om betrokke te wees in die samestelling van die projekdoelwitte en om te verseker dat die projek die oorkoepelende ontwikkelingsdoelwitte van die begunstige land verteenwoordig. Alhoewel party van hierdie aanbevelings reeds toegepas word deur sekere organisasies, is dit noodsaaklik om alle aanbevelings in ag te neem ten einde 'n suksesvolle uitkoms van die projek te verseker. Elke aanbeveling verteenwoordig 'n boublok van ontwikkeling en almal is interafhanklik tot mekaar. Die algemene bevinding van hierdie studie is dat 'n bepaalde vlak van voorwaardelikheid noodsaaklik is. Daar kan nie verwag word dat ekonomiese hulp verskaf word sonder voorwaardes nie, maar laasgenoemde moet regverdig wees, voordelig vir die begunstigde land wees, en verseker dat ontwikkeling van diegene wat in armoede leef wel die uitkoms van alle befondsing is.
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Eichler, Martina. "Knowledge Management in Product Development Projects in Developing Countries - A Case Study." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246327.
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The purpose of this master thesis is to contribute to the reduction of knowledge loss and reinvention inside and between organizations pursuing product development projects in developing countries to ensure growth and improved living standards. Investigation and to determination of existing knowledge sharing and knowledge storing practices in several stakeholders of a product development project in Quelimane, Mozambique will be studied. The involved stakeholders are non-profit and governmental organizations and a group of university students. The product development project involved the design and implementation of an anaerobic digester during the spring of 2018. Collaborations between some of the stakeholders started in 2015 and will exceed the project duration. Mixed research methods were used, and open-ended question interviews were conducted for the qualitative data collection. The data was analyzed by coding to find common patterns and relationships. A literature review and desk research were made to obtain detailed information about knowledge management and other related subjects. Results showed that all organizations involved in the product development process experienced at least one barrier to knowledge transfer related to their position as a nonprofit organization pursuing product development in a developing country. The definition of a knowledge management strategy is as important for non-profit organizations as it is for for-profit organizations, but the current methods for choosing a strategy need to be modified in order to fit the overall strategy of such organizations. The implementation of a knowledge management strategy and suitable knowledge management methods and activities could contribute to the reduction of knowledge loss and reinvention inside and between organizations pursuing product development projects in developing countries to ensure growth and improved living standards.Syftet med detta examensarbete är att bidra till en minska kunskapsförlust och återskapandet av tekniska lösningar inom och mellan organisationer som bedriver produktutvecklingsprojekt i utvecklingsländer för att säkerställa tillväxt och förbättrad levnadsstandard. En undersökning av befintlig kunskapsdelning och kunskapshantering hos flera aktörer i ett produktutvecklingsprojekt i Quelimane, Moçambique utfördes. De involverade aktörerna är ideella och statliga organisationer och en grupp universitetsstudenter. Produktutvecklingsprojektet involverade design och implementering av en anaerob rötkammare under våren 2018. Samarbetet mellan några av aktörerna startades 2015 och kommer att fortsätta efter projektets slutförande. Blandade forskningsmetoder användes och intervjuer med öppna frågor genomfördes för den kvalitativa datainsamlingen. Data analyserades genom kodning för att hitta gemensamma faktorer och relationer. En litteraturundersökning och skrivbordsarbete genomfördes för att få detaljerad information om kunskapshantering och andra relaterade ämnen. Resultaten visade att alla organisationer som deltog i produktutvecklingsprocessen upplevde minst ett hinder för kunskapsöverföring i samband med deras ställning som en ideell organisation som bedriver produktutveckling i ett utvecklingsland. Definitionen av en strategi för kunskapshantering är lika viktig för ideella organisationer som för vinstdrivande organisationer, men nuvarande metoder för att välja en strategi behöver ändras för att passa den övergripande strategin för sådana organisationer. En definiering av en kunskapshanteringsstrategi och lämpliga kunskapsförvaltningsmetoder och aktiviteter kan bidra till minska kunskapsförlust och återskapandet av tekniska lösningar inom och mellan organisationer som bedriver produktutvecklingsprojekt i utvecklingsländer för att säkerställa tillväxt och förbättrad levnadsstandard.
Books on the topic "Rural development projects - Developing countries"
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Wiggins, S. L. The management of rural development projects in developing countries. Reading: Dept. of Agriculture & Horticulture, 1985.
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Wiggins, Steve. The management of rural development projects in developing countries. Reading: University of Reading Department of Agriculture & Horticulture, Farm Management Unit, and Department of Agricultural Economics & Management, 1985.
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Wiggins, Steve. The mangement of rural development projects in developing countries. Reading: Univ. Reading Dept. of Agric. Econ, 1985.
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Great Britain. Overseas Development Administration. A guide to social analysis for projects in developing countries. London: HMSO, 1995.
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Changing rural systems in Oman: The Khabura project. London: Kegal Paul International, 1999.
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Dutton, Roderic. Changing rural systems in Oman: The Khabura project. New York: Kegal Paul International, 1998.
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Jazaïry, Idriss. The State of world rural poverty: An inquiry into its causes and conquences. London: Published for the International Fund for Agricultural Developemnt by IT [Intermediate Technology], 1992.
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Uwe, Otzen, ed. Poverty orientated agricultural and rural development. New York: Routledge, 2006.
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United Nations ACC Task Force on Rural Development. Panel on Monitoring and Evaluation. Monitoring and evaluation: Guiding principles for the design and use in rural development projects and programmes in developing countries. Rome, Italy: IFAD Publications, 1985.
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Shit matters: The potential of community-led total sanitation. Rugby, UK: Practical Action Publishing, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Rural development projects - Developing countries"
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Cook, Paul. "Rural Electrification and Rural Development." In Rural Electrification Through Decentralised Off-grid Systems in Developing Countries, 13–38. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4673-5_2.
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Imran, Muhammad. "Rural Household Energy Systems in Developing Countries." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71057-0_131-1.
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Imran, Muhammad. "Rural Household Energy Systems in Developing Countries." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1118–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95864-4_131.
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Mizuno, Masami. "Rural Development — The Role of Rural Livelihood Improvement." In Economic and Policy Lessons from Japan to Developing Countries, 134–42. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230355019_8.
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Kane, Edward J. "Political Economy of Subsidizing Agricultural Credit in Developing Countries." In Undermining Rural Development with Cheap Credit, 166–82. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429270178-18.
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Chowdhury, Shahana Afrose, and Ayesha Tasnim Mostafa. "Sustainable Energy for Rural Household Cooking in Developing Countries." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71057-0_132-1.
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Chowdhury, Shahana Afrose, and Ayesha Tasnim Mostafa. "Sustainable Energy for Rural Household Cooking in Developing Countries." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1214–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95864-4_132.
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Krupp, Corinne. "Electrifying Rural Areas: Extending Electricity Infrastructure and Services in Developing Countries." In Physical Infrastructure Development, 203–24. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230107670_8.
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Bouman, F. J. A. "Informal Saving and Credit Arrangements in Developing Countries: Observations from Sri Lanka." In Undermining Rural Development with Cheap Credit, 232–47. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429270178-24.
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Schubert, Renate. "Rural -Urban Migration On the Allocation of Risks in Developing Countries." In Migration and Economic Development, 135–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58156-4_5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Rural development projects - Developing countries"
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Barger, K. McCall, and Christopher A. Mattson. "Renewable Energy Needs in Developing Countries: Barriers That Can Be Solved With Engineering." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65647.
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Access to electricity is one of the most essential requirements for development. Furthermore, the U.S. Energy Information Administration has predicted that growth in electricity use is projected to largely come from developing countries as defined by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). However, the transition to clean energy is occurring too slowly in rural parts of developing countries. Renewable energy provides the opportunity for sustainable energy to be provided to those living in rural areas of developing countries, who have not had access to clean energy. Renewable energy technology is necessary because traditional measures of energy access are not able to address the deficiencies in the affordability, reliability, and other barriers associated with renewable energy distribution. While there have been several successful rural electrification technologies in the past few years, sustainable technologies still have the potential to be unsuccessful if they fail to overcome the many barriers that stand in the way of energy progression in developing countries. Moreover, a product’s technical performance is not a sound indicator of how well that product will be adopted by users. This paper argues that technical and social barriers to renewable energy dissemination have not been surmounted due to a lack of innovation in terms of engineering solutions. Innovative “grid-free” engineering products can enable developing countries to avoid a possible industrial revolution while still growing their economy, since they are not hindered by an electricity grid. This paper identifies technical barriers to renewable energy development from the literature, and suggests possible innovations that can aid rural areas of developing countries in achieving electrification. The technology explored in this paper include super capacitors, a ground-air thermoelectric generator, and photovoltaic solar cells, which all have the potential to provide energy access to those living in less urbanized areas of developing countries.
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Meng, Xiangyi, and Taofang Yu. "Infrastructure Imbalance, Financial Investment and AIIB’s Role: Non-state Actor in Regional Governance." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/vxyh8452.
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The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), a new multilateral development bank, is an emerging force to solve the problem of infrastructure imbalance in developing countries in Asia. Only a few existing researches focuses on infrastructure investment and spatial governance. Based on the economic geographical framework of density, distance and division, this paper attempts to analyze three traditional governance modes in the context of infrastructure imbalance in developing countries in Asia: low-density sprawl, long distance and limited accessibility to central markets, and spatial division. Infrastructure has obvious positive externalities and will widen the differential rent gaps through land value increment, which will bring higher economic density and agglomeration economies. After analyzing the AIIB’s 38 approved investment projects, this paper takes Colombo urban regeneration project in Sri Lanka, Gujarat rural roads project in India and Mandalika tourism infrastructure project in Indonesia as examples, to explore the AIIB’s non-state role in spatial governance.
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Islam, Mazharul, M. Ruhul Amin, and A. K. M. Sadrul Islam. "Renewable Energy Powered Rural Community Development Centres in the Developing Countries." In ASME 2006 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2006-88085.
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People in the developing countries who lack basic services and economic opportunities are primarily concerned with improving their living conditions. At present, unemployment problem in the rural areas of the developing countries are diversifying the moral values and social responsibilities of unemployed youth. To solve the problem, rural development centres (involving vocational training, IT services and other productive activities) can contribute significantly for the upliftment of these rural youths and can transform them into grass-root entrepreneurs. One critical factor hindering the establishment of such rural development centers is access to affordable and reliable energy services. Under this backdrop, environmentally benign renewable energy systems can contribute significantly in providing much needed energy in the unserved or underserved rural development centers in the developing countries to achieve both local and global environmental benefits. The paper demonstrates that energy deficient, economically backward communities in the off-grid areas of the developing countries, can be given an array of opportunities for income generation and social progress through rural development centers with the aid of renewable energy sources (such as wind, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal, biomass and micro-hydro), thereby improving their standard of living. Poverty alleviation in rural areas can be accomplished and the critical role of access to adequate level of energy services, Information Technology (IT) and modern communication facilities in it demonstrated. Furthermore, the production, implementation, operation and maintenance of renewable energy applications being labor-intensive, will also result in job growth in the village context, preventing migration of labor force, especially of young men, from rural areas to overcrowded industrial areas. An appropriately designed renewable energy systems can also have a significant role in reducing the impact of climate change through non production of green house gases.
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ZAWOJSKA, Aldona. "THE PROS AND CONS OF THE EU COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.158.
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The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union has generated a great deal of attention and controversy among research community, practitioners and the wider population. The aim of this study is to overview and to discuss the thoughts and comments on the CAP which have been addressed by both its proponents and its opponents in the scientific publications, political commentaries, official reports, pubic opinion surveys and social-media-based public forums. While on the one hand, recent public opinion poll (Eurobarometer 2016) indicated broad support among EU citizens for the CAP; on the other hand, other sources give some strong arguments in favour of reducing or even scrapping the CAP. The CAP supporters (including European Commission itself) highlight, among others, the benefits of this policy (environmental; cultural; social vitality; food variety, quality and security; maintaining of rural employment, etc.) for all European citizens and not only for farmers, while CAP opponents stress its unfairness both to non-farmers (e.g. huge financial costs of its policy for taxpayers) and small farmers (large farmers benefit most), heavy administrative burden for farmers as well as the CAP’s destructing impact both on the EU states’ agriculture systems and developing countries’ agricultural markets. The CAP is basically the same for all EU member states but the EU countries differ considerably in terms of their rural development. According to some views, the CAP does not fit the Central and Eastern European countries. It represents a failure of the EU to adjust adequately from an exclusively Western European institution into a proper pan-European organization.
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SMUTKA, Luboš, Miroslav SVATOŠ, and Mansoor MAITAH. "CZECH AGRARIAN FOREIGN TRADE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES DISTRIBUTION: TRANSFORMATION PROCESS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.150.
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This paper primarily focuses on Czech agrarian foreign trade comparative advantage issues. The structure and comparative advantages distribution are analyzed in the period before (2001) and after the Czech EU accession (2015/2016). The main central aim of this paper is to identify and analyze changes in comparative advantages distribution and trade commodity structure which have occurred. Trade structure and comparative advantages distribution are analysed in relation to the EU and rest of the World (Developing countries, OECD members, CIS, etc.). Commodity structure (we applied HS system) is analysed specifically in relation to unit value development, trade volume development and comparative advantages distribution development. To successfully accomplish the above mentioned objectives, this paper applies Lafay index and Trade balance index. The results derived from individual analyses are highlighted through the “Product mapping method”. The product mapping matrix divides the entire set of exported products into 4 groups. The LFI index has been chosen for the “product mapping” approach because of its ability to take into consideration only those transactions which are truly related to individual countries’ trade performance. The TBI index has been utilized for its ability to divide the products according to their real trade performance into the above specified four quadrants. In the analysed period, Czech agrarian trade increased its dependency on EU Countries. The share of EU countries in regards to Czech agrarian trade turnover has increased from 78% to nearly 90%. Czech agrarian exports are dominated by low processed and semi-processed aggregations having a low unit value. On the other hand, imports can be characterized by a much higher unit value and a much higher processing level. Unfortunately, the unit value of Czech agrarian exports has been constantly decreasing on the other hand the unit value of imports is increasing. Czech trade comparative advantages exist in relation to the following set of products: HS10, HS12, HS01, HS04, HS15, HS24, HS22, HS11, HS17, HS03, HS16, HS09, HS13 and HS14.
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Minardi, A., V. Tabaglio, A. Ndereyimana, M. Fiorani, C. Ganimede, S. Rossi, and G. Bertoni. "Rural development plays a central role in food wastage reduction in developing countries." In Envisioning a Future without Food Waste and Food Poverty: Societal Challenges. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-820-9_14.
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RIVERA, Maria, Alina SEEBACHER, and José Maria DIAZ PUENTE. "RURAL ECONOMY: A GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.083.
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In the political system and in public perception, the well-functioning of economy is frequently equalled to the output of the national economy–that is, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, during the last decades, this narrow conception of economic prosperity started to erode. This paper describes the scientific discussion surrounding the topic of “economy” in rural places, with the objective of exploring who is setting the agenda and which themes are prevalent. We examine 102 journal papers published during the last decade and design a methodological frame based on Nvivo10 software which combines quantitative analysis of geographical attributes (geographical location; journal’s precedence; author’s institution) and qualitative content analysis of the selected articles. Our results put forward that “rural economy” is conceptually linked to different societal spheres in areas such as development and progress, society and community, resources and sustainability. However, it is authors coming from developed countries the ones that mainly treat this issue and base their studies mainly on developing countries. Therefore it can be concluded that scientific discourse around rural economy deals with issues of interest to developed countries, but that it has, however, started to get linked to social and environmental aspects, and it is through achieving a balance between them that rural prosperity will be achieved.
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Ingle, A. M. "Employment Guarantee Scheme for rural development a model of Maharashtra (India) a lesson for developing Countries." In SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2007. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sdp070672.
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Scharff, Christelle, Yahya H. Sheikh, and Idris A. Rai. "Global Software Development Projects as a Framework for Capacity Building in Developing Countries." In ACM DEV '16: Annual Symposium on Computing for Development. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3001913.3006649.
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Akinyele, D. O., N. K. C. Nair, R. K. Rayudu, and W. K. G. Seah. "Clean development mechanism projects for developing countries: Potential for carbon emissions mitigation and sustainable development." In 2014 Eighteenth National Power Systems Conference (NPSC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/npsc.2014.7103828.
Full textReports on the topic "Rural development projects - Developing countries"
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Ingram, C. Denise, and Patrick B. Durst. Marketing Nature-Oriented Tourism or Rural Development and Wildlands Management in Developing Countries: A Bibliography. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/se-gtr-44.
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Bakhtiar, M. Mehrab, Abu Sonchoy, Muhammad Meki, and Simon Quinn. Virtual Migration through Online Freelancing: Evidence from Bangladesh. Digital Pathways at Oxford, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2021/03.
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Youth unemployment is a major issue in many developing countries, particularly in locations not well connected with large urban markets. A limited number of available job opportunities in urban centres may reduce the benefit of policies that encourage rural–urban migration. In this project, we investigated the feasibility of ‘virtual migration’, by training rural youth in Bangladesh to become online freelancers, enabling them to export their labour services to a global online marketplace. We did this by setting up a ‘freelancing incubator’, which provided the necessary workspace and infrastructure – specifically, high-speed internet connectivity and computers. Close mentoring was also provided to participants to assist in navigating the competitive online marketplace. We show the exciting potential of online work for improving the incomes of poor youth in developing countries. We also highlight the constraints to this type of work: financing constraints for the high training cost, access to the necessary work infrastructure, and soft skills requirements to succeed in the market. We also shed light on some promising possibilities for innovative financial contracts and for ‘freelancing incubators’ or ‘virtual exporting companies’ to assist students in their sourcing of work and skills development.
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Garrity, John, and Arndt Husar. Digital Connectivity and Low Earth Orbit Satellite: Constellations Opportunities for Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210156-2.
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Satellite communication plays an important role in the global connectivity ecosystem. It connects rural and remote populations, provides backhaul connectivity to mobile cellular networks, and enables rapid communications for emergency and disaster responses. Low Earth orbit constellations may prove to be transformational to the connectivity landscape based on their global coverage and their suitability for areas not served by fiber optic cable networks. The Asian Development Bank’s developing member countries are well placed to benefit from this expansion of internet connectivity. It will be particularly valuable for small island developing states and landlocked developing countries with limited international bandwidth internet.
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Fazekas, Andreas, and Scarleth Nuñez Castillo. NDC Invest Annual Overview 2020. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003430.
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NDC INVEST is an IDB Group platform offering financial solutions and technical support to help build national goals and transform them into attainable plans that generate prosperous, resilient, and carbon neutral economies. Throughout the years closely supporting LAC countries, NDC INVEST has gained valuable experience and knowledge in designing and implementing concrete actions that lead to long-term climate resilience and net-zero emissions by 2050. In 2020, NDC INVEST confirmed its key role in successfully translating national climate commitments into physical and beneficial economic plans and transformational development projects. 331 initiatives have been supported in IDB Group regional member states through the IDB sovereign window, IDB Invest and IDB Lab. This publication highlights the successful work of NDC Invest in i.) developing relevant knowledge and building national capacities for long-term strategies (LTS), ii.) supporting countries in creating ambitious climate goals and NDCs, and iii.) implementing LTS and NDCs through financial strategies and investment plans.
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Gordoncillo, Mary Joy N., Ronello C. Abila, and Gregorio Torres. The Contributions of STANDZ Initiative to Dog Rabies Elimination in South-East Asia. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2789.
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A Grant Agreement between the Government of Australia and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), the Stop Transboundary Animal Diseases and Zoonoses (STANDZ), initiative includes a rabies component with an overarching intended outcome of reducing dog rabies incidence in targeted areas. This initiative envisaged regional rabies activities in South-East Asia as well as specifically designed pilot projects in the Philippines, Myanmar and Cambodia. While remaining anchored to the envisioned outcome, its implementation from 2013 to 2016 also leveraged on the resources made available through the initiative to strategically generate tools, materials and examples that can potentially bridge long-standing gaps on dog rabies elimination in the region. This included developing approaches on rabies communication strategy, risk-based approach for the prioritization of mass dog vaccination, rabies case investigation, post-vaccination monitoring, building capacity through pilot vaccination projects, One Health operationalization at the grass-root level, and reinforcing high-level political support through regional and national rabies strategy development. These are briefly described in this paper and are also further detailed in a series of publications which individually document these approaches for future utility of the countries in the region, or wherever these may be deemed fitting. The STANDZ rabies initiative leaves behind a legacy of materials and mechanisms that can potentially contribute in strategically addressing rabies in the region and in achieving the global vision of eliminating dog-mediated human rabies by 2030.
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Baloch, Imdad, Tom Kaye, Saalim Koomar, and Chris McBurnie. Pakistan Topic Brief: Providing Distance Learning to Hard-to-reach Children. EdTech Hub, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.0026.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in mass school closures across the world. It is expected that the closures in low- and -middle-income countries (LMICs) will have long-term negative consequences on education and also on broader development outcomes. Countries face a number of obstacles to effectively delivering alternative forms of education. Obstacles include limited experience in facing such challenges, limited teacher digital and pedagogical capacity, and infrastructure constraints related to power and connectivity. Furthermore, inequalities in learning outcomes are expected to widen within LMICs due to the challenges of implementing alternative modes of education in remote, rural or marginalised communities. It is expected that the most marginalised children will feel the most substantial negative impacts on their learning outcomes. Educational technology (EdTech) has been identified as a possible solution to address the acute impact of school closures through its potential to provide distance education. In this light, the DFID Pakistan team requested the EdTech Hub develop a topic brief exploring the use of EdTech to support distance learning in Pakistan. Specifically, the team requested the brief explore ways to provide distance education to children in remote rural areas and urban slums. The DFID team also requested that the EdTech Hub explore the different needs of those who have previously been to school in comparison to those who have never enrolled, with reference to EdTech solutions. In order to address these questions, this brief begins with an overview of the Pakistan education landscape. The second section of the brief explores how four modes of alternative education — TV, interactive radio instruction, mobile phones and online learning — can be used to provide alternative education to marginalised groups in Pakistan. Multimodal distance-learning approaches offer the best means of providing education to heterogeneous, hard-to-reach groups. Identifying various tools that can be deployed to meet the needs of specific population segments is an important part of developing a robust distance-learning approach. With this in mind, this section highlights examples of tools that could be used in Pakistan to support a multimodal approach that reaches the most hard-to-reach learners. The third and final section synthesises the article’s findings, presenting recommendations to inform Pakistan’s COVID-19 education response.<br> <br> This topic brief is available on Google Docs.
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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, and Do Trong Hoan. Commune-level institutional arrangements and monitoring framework for integrated tree-based landscape management. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21024.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Governance is a difficult task in the context of achieving landscape multifunctionality owing to the multiplicity of stakeholders, institutions, scale and ecosystem services: the ‘many-multiple’ (Cockburn et al 2018). Governing and managing the physical landscape and the actors in the landscape requires intensive knowledge and good planning systems. Land-use planning is a powerful instrument in landscape governance because it directly guides how actors will intervene in the physical landscape (land use) to gain commonly desired value. It is essential for sustaining rural landscapes and improving the livelihoods of rural communities (Bourgoin and Castella 2011, Bourgoin et al 2012, Rydin 1998), ensuring landscape multifunctionality (Nelson et al 2009, Reyers et al 2012) and enhancing efficiency in carbon sequestration, in particular (Bourgoin et al 2013, Cathcart et al 2007). It is also considered critical to the successful implementation of land-based climate mitigation, such as under Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), because the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector is included in the mitigation contributions of nearly 90 percent of countries in Sub-Saharan and Southern Asia countries and in the Latin American and Caribbean regions (FAO 2016). Viet Nam has been implementing its NDC, which includes forestry and land-based mitigation options under the LULUCF sector. The contribution of the sector to committed national emission reduction is significant and cost-effective compared with other sectors. In addition to achieving emission reduction targets, implementation of forestry and land-based mitigation options has the highest benefits for social-economic development and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (MONRE 2020). Challenges, however, lie in the way national priorities and targets are translated into sub-national delivery plans and the way sub-national actors are brought together in orchestration (Hsu et al 2019) in a context where the legal framework for climate-change mitigation is elaborated at national rather than sub-national levels and coordination between government bodies and among stakeholders is generally ineffective (UNDP 2018). In many developing countries, conventional ‘top–down’, centralized land-use planning approaches have been widely practised, with very little success, a result of a lack of flexibility in adapting local peculiarities (Amler et al 1999, Ducourtieux et al 2005, Kauzeni et al 1993). In forest–agriculture mosaic landscapes, the fundamental question is how land-use planning can best conserve forest and agricultural land, both as sources of economic income and environmental services (O’Farrell and Anderson 2010). This paper provides guidance on monitoring integrated tree-based landscape management at commune level, based on the current legal framework related to natural resource management (land and forest) and the requirements of national green-growth development and assessment of land uses in two communes in Dien Bien and Son La provinces. The concept of integrated tree based landscape management in Viet Nam is still new and should be further developed for wider application across levels.
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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, Do Trong Hoan, Hoang Nguyen Viet Hoa, and Nguyen Duy Khanh. Understanding tree-cover transitions, drivers and stakeholders’ perspectives for effective landscape governance: a case study of Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province, Viet Nam. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21023.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Integrated landscape management for sustainable livelihoods and positive environmental outcomes has been desired by many developing countries, especially for mountainous areas where agricultural activities, if not well managed, will likely degrade vulnerable landscapes. This research was an attempt to characterize the landscape in Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province in Northwest Viet Nam to generate knowledge and understanding of local conditions and to propose a workable governance mechanism to sustainably manage the landscape. ICRAF, together with national partners — Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute — and local partners — Son La Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Son La Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Chieng Yen Commune People’s Committee — conducted rapid assessments in the landscape, including land-use mapping, land-use characterization, a household survey and participatory landscape assessment using an ecosystem services framework. We found that the landscape and peoples’ livelihoods are at risk from the continuous degradation of forest and agricultural land, and declining productivity, ecosystem conditions and services. Half of households live below the poverty line with insufficient agricultural production for subsistence. Unsustainable agricultural practices and other livelihood activities are causing more damage to the forest. Meanwhile, existing forest and landscape governance mechanisms are generally not inclusive of local community engagement. Initial recommendations are provided, including further assessment to address current knowledge gaps.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
Full textAbstract:
The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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Guidance Note on State-Owned Enterprise Reform in Sovereign Projects and Programs. Asian Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim210070.
Full textAbstract:
Strategy 2030 underscores the commitment of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to support state-owned enterprise (SOE) reform in its developing member countries (DMCs). This guidance note provides an overview of SOEs in Asia and the Pacific, explains the significance of reforms in implementing ADB’s corporate strategy, and discusses related requirements for ADB’s sovereign projects. It provides guidance on challenges that need to be addressed and areas to focus on in engagements with SOEs. Designed to help ADB staff in their work with SOEs, this guidance note is also a useful resource for officials from DMCs, and SOE board and management members.