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Croke, Barry, Wendy Merritt, Peter Cornish, Geoffrey J. Syme, and Christian H. Roth. "An integrated approach to improving rural livelihoods: examples from India and Bangladesh." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 376 (February 1, 2018): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-376-45-2018.
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Abstract. This paper presents an overview of work in West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and SW Bangladesh through a series of projects from 2005 to the present, considering the impact of farming systems, water shed development and/or agricultural intensification on livelihoods in selected rural areas of India and Bangladesh. The projects spanned a range of scales spanning from the village scale (∼ 1 km2) to the meso-scale (∼ 100 km2), and considered social as well as biophysical aspects. They focused mainly on the food and water part of the food-water-energy nexus. These projects were in collaboration with a range of organisations in India and Bangladesh, including NGOs, universities, and government research organisations and departments. The projects were part funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, and built on other projects that have been undertaken within the region. An element of each of these projects was to understand how the hydrological cycle could be managed sustainably to improve agricultural systems and livelihoods of marginal groups. As such, they evaluated appropriate technology that is generally not dependent on high-energy inputs (mechanisation). This includes assessing the availability of water, and identifying potential water resources that have not been developed; understanding current agricultural systems and investigating ways of improving water use efficiency; and understanding social dynamics of the affected communities including the potential opportunities and negative impacts of watershed development and agricultural development.
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Majerová, Věra. "Social Aspects Of Rural Community Development." Acta Regionalia et Environmentalica 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aree-2015-0003.
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Abstract A well-balanced relationship between economic and social progress is the main prerequisite of rural community stability. Economic development is influenced by many factors. Some of these are statistically discoverable and quantifiable, while others, which fall within the sphere of social relations and their identification, are more difficult to measure and interpret. Czech rural areas face many problems which arise from their specific features – socio-demographic structure, job possibility of various social groups, provision of the proper level of public services, transport accessibility, etc. However, there is no direct connection between economic factors and mutual relations within the rural community. Values, opinions and the behavioural patterns of people are immediately displayed in a locality, but their character is shaped by the regional and national assumptions of every stage of development. Contributions are drawn from the accessible literature and secondary data of empirical research projects.
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Erling, Elizabeth J., Philip Seargeant, and Mike Solly. "English in rural Bangladesh." English Today 30, no. 4 (November 11, 2014): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078414000352.
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English's elevated status within a global economy of languages means that English-language education is increasingly promoted in international development initiatives in countries such as Bangladesh. This is partly due to a growing conviction that English is able to play an important role in helping people participate in global economic markets from which they have previously been excluded (Seargeant & Erling, 2011). Despite the strong associations made between English-language ability and development, there is at present only limited evidence showing a causal relationship between the two (Erling, forthcoming), while a complex of other issues surrounding the cultural politics of the language also play a role in the social implications of its promotion in such contexts. The aim of this article is to examine how English is perceived in rural Bangladesh by the people at whom such international development programmes are targeted. A broad assumption of such programmes is that English is a positive and, in some sense, necessary resource for development. The article investigates whether this matches the perception of those at whom such projects are aimed, and what it is that these communities feel the language can offer both in practical and in socio-cultural terms for the developmental challenges they face. In order to examine these questions the article draws on results from an ethnographical survey of two rural areas in Bangladesh which investigated the attitudes and aspirations of local community members to the potential impact of English-language education on their social prospects and cultural identities.
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Maloney, Clarence. "The Anthropology in South Asian Development and Population Projects." Practicing Anthropology 11, no. 4 (September 1, 1989): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.11.4.211739925592p454.
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In principle, there should be wide scope for anthropologists and other social scientists in the vast efforts for life-betterment in the South Asian countries (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, and possibly Afghanistan). This article points out a few areas where the anthropological perspective is critical. The latter part of the article presents some experiences of the author, who has worked for over 20 years directly in South Asian rural development.
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Stojanovic, Zaklina, and Emilija Manic. "Sustainable rural development and cross-border cooperation." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 89, no. 2 (2009): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0902043s.
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The concept of sustainable rural development comprises three aspects - social, economical and ecological. They are supposed to act in synergy, but, at the same time, these aspects are supposed to be competitive. Agriculture, as a traditional activity of rural economy, contributes to the sustainable development of rural areas only if there is an adequate resources management. If not, there will be a significant degradation of rural environment. These are the reasons why sustainable agriculture development is emphasized since it maximizes productivity and minimizes negative effects on nature and human resources. In this context, one should observe the connection between agriculture and tourism existing in the EU, where the application of sustainable agricultural development concept produces external effects connected to biodiversity protection and environment in rural areas. These become a good foundation for the development of rural and ecotourism. EU enlargement induced diversification of support programmes that EU gives to the candidate countries, as well as to those who are just entering the process of stabilization and association to the EU. Through cross-border cooperation projects, many goals can be accomplished, among which aspiration for promotion of sustainable economical and social development in border regions is one of the leading. Knowing that these regions are usually passive and underdeveloped, the projects of cross-border cooperation could induce development of those activities in local economy, which could bring better living conditions and economic prosperity on the one hand, and protection of environment on the other. Examples of this kind of projects in Serbia can usually be found in rural and ecotourism development.
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Ahmed, Jashim Uddin, Niza Talukder, and Asma Ahmed. "Infrastructure Development Company Limited Solar Home System Program: A Sustainable Solution for Energizing Rural Bangladesh." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 9, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277977920905305.
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Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) began with a mission to generate investment for infrastructure, renewable energy (RE) and energy-efficient projects in Bangladesh through public–private partnership initiatives. IDCOL started its RE activities in 2003 with a programme named solar home system (SHS). With an installed capacity of 185 MWp, SHSs are positioned in remote areas where grid expansion is difficult and costly. The aim is to ensure access to clean electricity for power-starved off-grid rural communities, which previously relied on kerosene lamps for lighting purposes. The case starts with a depiction of the energy sector in Bangladesh and an overview of IDCOL. The four dimensions of 4A framework are applied to the SHS business model to discuss how it has enriched the lives of more than 12 per cent of the population. IDCOL is expected to face a decline in investments in the RE sector as this flagship SHS Program is currently under threat of becoming non-existent. The case broaches the subject on how IDCOL plans to position itself amidst the dilemma of Bangladesh’s changing market. Dilemma Due the free distribution of SHS by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) under its safety net programme, IDCOL is expected to face a decline in investments in the RE sector as this flagship SHS Program is currently under threat of becoming non-existent. The case broaches the subject on how IDCOL plans to position itself amidst the dilemma of Bangladesh’s changing market. Theory: 4A framework applied to the Solar Home System business model Type of the Case: Problem-solving, secondary data Protagonist: NA Options Softer financing, expansion in other use segments, developing newer products and exploring different projects, entering markets in other countries Discussions and Case Questions Should IDCOL enter a new market in Bangladesh? Should they invest primarily in grid-connected solar projects and roof-top solar projects under its RE program? Should the firm diversify its portfolio by including industrial energy efficiency, power generation, shipbuilding and shipyard, IT and telecommunication, ports, social and tourism infrastructure and infrastructure backward linkage projects? International advisory service and energy from waste are also lucrative options.
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Rahman, Mohammad Mafizur, Rasheda Khanam, and Son Nghiem. "The effects of microfinance on women’s empowerment: new evidence from Bangladesh." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 12 (December 4, 2017): 1745–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-02-2016-0070.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of microcredit on women’s empowerment in rural Bangladesh using the latest primary data. Design/methodology/approach Primary data have been collected by a household survey in the four districts of Bangladesh. Logistic regression is used to estimate the odd of improving women empowerment after participating in microfinance. Findings The results show positive impacts of microfinance on most of the selected indicators for women’s empowerment. Research limitations/implications Lack of control groups and baseline data are the main limitation of this research. Future research can address this issue by selecting institutions with baseline data or control groups. Practical implications The findings of the study can help policy makers to adopt appropriate policies that integrate empowerment in development projects with women. Social implications The results of this research could encourage more women to participate in microfinance activities and development projects. Originality/value This research provides the most updated data from a primary survey in Bangladesh. The authors also mitigate the possible selection biases by using a fixed-effects estimator.
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YASNOLOB, Ilona, Tetyana CHAYKA, Oleg GORB, Nataliia Demianenko, Nadiia PROTAS, and Tetіana HALINSKA. "The Innovative Model of Energy Efficient Village under the Conditions of Sustainable Development of Ecological Territories." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, no. 3 (September 12, 2018): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.9.3(27).25.
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The topicality of raising the level of rural territories’ energy independence is substantiated in the article. Using the Ukrainian and foreign experience in creating and implementing the projects “energy efficient village”, the stages of its introduction have been determined. Taking into account the results of these projects in Ukraine, the conditions as to providing their efficiency have been defined.
The peculiarities of creating the energy independent and effective village have been considered; its conceptual model has been created. Some aspects of using biomass and its effectiveness as an alternative source of energy have been presented. The factors of ecological, social, and economic efficacy of developing and implementing the projects of “energy efficient village” on the rural territories of Ukraine have been determined. The actuality of developing and introducing the projects in the creation of energy independent rural territories is put into practice on the territory of Ukraine.
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ARANCHIY, Valentyna, Oleksii ZORIA, Ilona YASNOLOB, Svitlana ZORYA, Oleg GORB, FInna MYKOLENKO, Olha DYVNYCH, Valentyna CHUMAK, and Liudmyla BRAZHNYK. "Environmentally and Socially Oriented Investments on Sustainable Development of Rural Areas." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 2 (March 29, 2021): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.2(50).02.
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Theoretical, methodological, scientific, methodical and applied principles of managing environmentally and socially oriented investments in sustainable development of rural areas have been developed and substantiated in the article. The model of investment process of ecologically and socially oriented economy has been developed. The analysis of corresponding existing models of investment process enabled to specify the management model, which corresponds to the environmentally and socially oriented economics. The block scheme of the system of analyzing and evaluating the efficiency of investment processes of sustainable rural development has been made. The determined methodological provisions and specified concepts enabled to ground the system of complex analyzing and assessing the effectiveness of investment processes in sustainable development of rural areas, including the evaluation of economic, social and environmental efficiency of investment projects. The mechanism of sustainable rural development, comprising consolidated elements and connections, has been grounded. The ecological aspects of investment policy as a component of the economic mechanism of sustainable rural development have been systematized. It has been determined that attracting investments in environmentally and socially oriented investment projects and programs has to be based on strengthening the ecological aspects of investment policy as part of stimulating sub-system of the economic mechanism of sustainable rural development.
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Huq, Mohammed Nazmul, Moyazzem Hossain, Faruq Abdulla, and Sabina Yeasmin. "Intergenerational educational mobility in Bangladesh." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): e0255426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255426.
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Introduction Social mobility is considered as an important indicator of the economic development of a country. However, it varies widely across geographical regions and social groups in developing countries like Bangladesh. This paper intends to evaluate the intergenerational mobility in Bangladesh across generations. Methods and materials This paper considers a nationally representative sample survey of 8,403 respondents (rural: 5,436 and urban: 2,967). The male and female respondents aged 23 years and above were included in the sample. The education attainment of a son or daughter as compared to their father’s education level was considered as the measure of intergenerational mobility. Transition probability matrix and different social mobility indices were used to find out the intergenerational education mobility in Bangladesh. Results The findings reveal that approximately three-fourth (74.5%) of the respondents attained formal education, while more than half (58.3%) of the respondents’ father was illiterate. The educational status of the respondents and their father who lived in urban areas was relatively better than who lived in rural areas. It is also observed that 91.2% and 81.6% of the intergenerational class movement was upward among sons and daughters respectively. The probability of a higher educated father will have a higher educated child is higher in urban areas than in rural areas of Bangladesh. The intergenerational mobility is higher in the primary, secondary, and higher secondary educational levels, though the illiterate and higher education levels are the least mobile classes. In addition, the limiting probabilities reveal that the chance of sending sons to schools by an illiterate father is less as compared to their daughters. Such difference is more obvious in the urban areas, i.e., it is highly likely that sons of the illiterate father are also illiterate. Conclusion Bangladesh has been progressing remarkably in recent years. To keep the pace of the ongoing economic development in the country, it is necessary to give more attention to the illiterate people especially the girls who live in rural areas. The authors anticipate that the findings will be helpful for the policymakers as the relationship between inequality and intergenerational mobility is vital for several aspects of the economic development of a country.
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Chowdhury, HU. "Making infrastructure work for the poor: Development benefits of PV systems in two Bangladesh communities." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 17, no. 2 (May 1, 2006): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2006/v17i2a3264.
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Bangladesh has been suffering from acute shortages of energy and the gap between demand and supply of energy has been gradually increasing. As the country has very limited natural resources, except natural gas, it largely depends on imported fuel. But due to financial and technical inability, it is almost impossible for Bangladesh to extend fossil fuel based power distribution networks to the rural community. Moreover, the low purchasing power is also a limiting factor for the rural population to have access to the formal energy market. As a result, rural society is in a most vulnerable situation from the side of energy consumption. Against this background, this study aims to examine the link between energy and economic development by collecting primary data from two Bangladesh communities which use solar energy. The study made an attempt to find out the economic and social impacts of sustainable rural energy on poor people and governance and management of these infrastructure projects. The study found that providing electricity through solar energy has a multidimensional affect on rural livelihood. It not only improves the living standard of the rural people but also improves access to information, better health for women and children and an extension of indoor income generating activities. However, poor maintenance, lack of technical knowledge, and training hampered the operation and repairing functions of solar energy technology in the rural community. For improving effective management of solar energy technologies, there is a need to increase end user awareness of system use, end-user capacity to troubleshoot problems, and level of service, quality and timeliness of repairs. The local government should come forward to increase awareness among beneficiaries and ensure the effective functioning of these systems.
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Genovese, Laura, Roberta Varriale, Loredana Luvidi, and Fabio Fratini. "Italy and China Sharing Best Practices on the Sustainable Development of Small Underground Settlements." Heritage 2, no. 1 (March 8, 2019): 813–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2010053.
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Both Southern Italy and Central China feature historic rural settlements characterized by underground constructions with residential and service functions. Many of these areas are currently tackling economic, social and environmental problems, resulting in unemployment, disengagement, depopulation, marginalization or loss of cultural and biological diversity. Both in Europe and in China, policies for rural development address three core areas of intervention: agricultural competitiveness, environmental protection and the promotion of rural amenities through strengthening and diversifying the economic base of rural communities. The challenge is to create innovative pathways for regeneration based on raising awareness to inspire local rural communities to develop alternative actions to reduce poverty while preserving the unique aspects of their local environment and culture. In this view, cultural heritage can be a catalyst for the sustainable growth of the rural community. Through a series of projects on a national and international scale, the authors have addressed some of these problems by exchanging best practices in conservation, sustainable use and the enhancement of the underground heritage.
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Gerend, Jennifer. "Lessons in Rural Persuasion: Village Infill Development in Bavaria, Germany." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 8678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208678.
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Sustainable rural development in Germany was examined by linking conceptual and applied aspects of the land and housing question, broadly considering the ownership, use, and regulation of land. In the state of Bavaria, a new interagency initiative aims to curb land consumption by persuading villagers to embrace rural infill development. The study explored the background debate leading up to the Space-saving Offensive (Flächensparoffensive), the resource providers involved, and the options for funding actual rural infill building and renovation projects. Here, space-saving managers and other resource providers actively promote the positive societal meaning of central infill sites in contrast to unsustainable land consumption. In addition to the communications campaign, planning, regulatory, and funding interventions round out the multi-level initiative, as described in this study. A modern barn reuse exemplifies the Bavarian bundle of resources, while demonstrating how modern village infill redevelopment also contests oversimplified notions of stagnant rural peripheries. The initiative’s focus on linking key resources and bolstering communications can be read as validation for a more social perspective on land consumption and village infill development.
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Kassam, Yusuf. "The combined use of the participatory dialogue method and survey methodology to evaluate development projects: A case study of a rural development project in Bangladesh." Knowledge and Policy 10, no. 1-2 (March 1997): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02912486.
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Rout, Narayan. "Effect of rural development and targeted expenditure towards poverty alleviation in Odisha, India." Indian Journal of Economics and Development 8 (December 9, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijed/v8.38.
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Objectives: To evaluate the direct tools of poverty alleviation in Odisha, and investigate the response of alleviation programs to poverty. Method: The assessment proceeds with three simple steps of identifying: who, what and how by focusing on four important aspects namely; rural employment, rural development, food security and social security. The causes of poverty are matched with the available tools of active and operational schemes in Odisha state reported by the Dept. of Economics & statistics, Govt. of Odisha and World Bank Survey Reports during the period 2009 to 2011, the corresponding target coverage and progress are located to deduce the end period outcomes of impact on poverty rates. The under coverages shown or identified, were related to respective relevant alleviation programs using horizontal comparative analysis, which shows the changes from the reference period in absolute amount and percentages. Findings: The study reveals that the benefits and outcome of social sector and development programs (rural employment, PDS, development, social pension) have not been realized to their fullest extent. For instance, the coverage of employment schemes is low (penetration is only 3.8% in 2017 and 6.5% in 2018 against 138.53 Lakhs BPL persons) and meager to cause a fall in actual poverty. The coverage under Gopabandhu Gramin Yojana is lower at 40 % in 2019 covering 9229 projects (out of 22,538 targeted projects). Novelty: It demonstrates the use of broader and comparative assessment of key schemes to evaluate the end outcome of poverty rates and matches the periodic poverty limits to per capita gross expenditure incurred by the state. Keywords: anti-poverty; programs; alleviation tools; beneficiaries; Odisha
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Sobolewska-Mikulska, Katarzyna, and Małgorzata Stańczuk-Gałwiaczek. "THE ASSESSMENT OF THE SCOPE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IDEA OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN LAND CONSOLIDATION PROJECTS IN POLAND." Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development 47, no. 1 (August 21, 2018): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17306/j.jard.2018.00375.
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Land consolidation is considered as a tool for accomplishingthe goals of multifunctional rural development.However, the mechanisms of execution of the idea do not offera clear explanation. The aim of this paper is to assess thescope of implementation of the idea of multifunctional ruraldevelopment in land consolidation projects in Poland. Thispaper attempts to assess whether all elements of the conceptincluded in land consolidation procedures are dealt with ina sufficient manner. The analyses were based on the exampleof 15 selected land consolidation projects carried out indisparate regions of Poland. This paper presents the analysesof design solutions concerning three major aspects: the improvementof efficiency of farming, the preservation of theenvironment and the landscape, the social influence of landconsolidation. According to the results of the studies, for allanalyzed objects, satisfactory economic results were obtainedwhich indirectly influence the social effects. However, environmentaland landscape solutions were only partially considered.The studies have shown, that in Poland it seems necessaryto create appropriate organizational and administrativestructures in order to generate a tool for implementation of themultifunctional rural development idea within the process ofland consolidation.
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Kundu, Debasish Kumar, Arthur P. J. Mol, and Aarti Gupta. "Failing arsenic mitigation technology in rural Bangladesh: explaining stagnation in niche formation of the Sono filter." Water Policy 18, no. 6 (August 10, 2016): 1490–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.014.
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Arsenic contamination of shallow hand pump tube well drinking water in Bangladesh has created opportunities for radical innovations to emerge. One such innovation is the household Sono filter, designed to remove arsenic from water supplies. Applying a strategic niche management approach, and based on interviews, focus groups and a workshop, this article explains the Sono filter's failure to establish itself as a successful niche technology. Three explanatory factors are identified: lack of a strong social network (of technology producers, donors, users, and government actors) around it; diverging expectations regarding its potential to be a long-term solution; and lack of second-order learning amongst key actors. Beyond these three factors that help to explain the lack of successful niche formation, this paper clearly shows that the overwhelming dependency on fund-driven projects also deters successful niche formation in the context of the developing world.
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Braun, Boris, Jürgen Oßenbrügge, and Christian Schulz. "Environmental economic geography and environmental inequality: challenges and new research prospects." Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie 62, no. 2 (May 25, 2018): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2018-0001.
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Abstract The environmental dimension and sustainability-related issues have increasingly gained momentum in Economic Geography. This paper argues that integrating the inequality perspective into Environmental Economic Geography (EEG) and trying to disentangle the manifold interrelationships between economic, social, and environmental disadvantage could be worthwhile efforts. Based on three case studies – the debate on urban environmental justice in German cities, the spread of alternative food systems and food-sharing initiatives in Germany, and the socially selective migration in hazard prone areas in rural coastal Bangladesh – we demonstrate that aspects of social inequality indeed matter for EEG thinking.
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Adams, W. M. "Rural protest, land policy and the planning process on the Bakolori Project, Nigeria." Africa 58, no. 3 (July 1988): 315–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1159803.
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Opening ParagraphIn the literature and accumulated folk wisdom of development in rural Africa there are numerous instances of government projects which are expensive, ineffective and unpopular. These include now classic failures of the past, such as the Tanganyika Groundnuts Scheme (Wood, 1950; Frankel, 1953), which are still cited as cautionary tales demonstrating the need for proper project appraisal. There are also numerous more recent examples, for the phenomenon of failure has persisted and governments and international agencies continue to implement schemes ‘little better planned than their more spectacularly misbegotten predecessors’ (Hill, 1978: 25). Among recent initiatives in sub-Saharan Africa the large-scale irrigation projects developed in northern Nigeria during the 1970s have attracted particularly extensive adverse criticism. This has focused on the social and economic impact of the introduction of irrigation and particularly on questions of land tenure (inter alia Wallace, 1979, 1980, 1981; Oculi, 1981; Adams, 1982, 1984; Palmer-Jones, 1984; Andrae and Beckman, 1985; Beckman, 1986). A number of accounts discuss technical aspects of the land survey carried out at Bakolori {Bird, 1981, 1984, 1985; Griffith, 1984), while others focus on economic problems (e.g. Etuk and Abalu, 1982). However, although economic and technical aspects of these developments have been criticised, it is the social impacts of project development and more particularly the political responses to those impacts which are of greatest interest (Wallace, 1980; Adams, 1984; Andrae and Beckman, 1985; Beckman, 1986). This paper examines the bature of the response of farmers affected by one of these schemes, the Bakolori Project in Sokoto State.
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Makarewicz-Marcinkiewicz, Agnieszka, and Hussin Alam. "Rola biznesu społecznego w procesie upodmiotowienia kobiet w Bangladeszu na przykładzie działalności organizacji BRAC w dystrykcie Magura." Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne 25 (October 31, 2018): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1643-0328.25.5.
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The role of social business in the process of women’s empowerment in Bangladesh on the example of BRAC organization’s activities in Magura districtWomen’s empowerment is a process of gradual growth of the spiritual, political, social and economic strength of individuals, communities or entire societies. Strengthening the social position often entails strengthening confidence in one’s own abilities. It is also connected with full participation of women in economic life in all sectors, which is very important in the context of strengthening economies and achieving desirable goals of sustainable development. Social business introduces a completely revolutionary dimension to a free market economy. This does not interfere with the profit-generating mechanism, on the contrary, it promotes investment, management and competitiveness. Satisfaction obtained in achieving specific social goals is the only motive for the investment, and the resulting business is assessed in accordance with this standard. The article presents the process of empowering poor women from the rural district of Magura in Bangladesh, possible to carry out through the activities of the BRAC Bangladesh Rehabilitation Assistance Committee. The work refers to the eff ectiveness of activities in the field of social business, first in the context of changing the awareness of rights and the self-worth of women taking part in such projects, and secondly in the context of improving their socio-economic status and exiting poverty.
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van Staveren, Martijn F., Jeroen F. Warner, and M. Shah Alam Khan. "Bringing in the tides. From closing down to opening up delta polders via Tidal River Management in the southwest delta of Bangladesh." Water Policy 19, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.029.
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The southwest coastal delta of Bangladesh is not only geographically home to a dynamic interplay between land and water, and between fresh surface water and saline tides, but also to contentious debates on flood management policy. It has been argued that dealing with delta floods in this region boils down to adopting either open or closed approaches. This paper longitudinally structures the open-or-closed debate based on a number of emblematic water management projects in the region. Departing from a typical open wetland history, river and polder embankments increasingly started to constrain flood dynamics. Upheaval among rural populations in response to the negative impacts of hydraulic engineering plans and works coalesced in efforts to restore open approaches, synthesized in the Tidal River Management concept. Its resemblance to historic overflow irrigation is often used politically as a yardstick to challenge the dominant hydraulic engineering paradigm. This paper argues that dealing with floods in Bangladesh requires plans, policies and projects formulated against the historic background of complex interactions among social processes, environmental dynamics and technological interventions: a lesson to be incorporated in on-going policy-making processes and long-term delta management plans.
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Gallou, Eirini, and Kalliopi Fouseki. "Applying social impact assessment (SIA) principles in assessing contribution of cultural heritage to social sustainability in rural landscapes." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 9, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 352–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-05-2018-0037.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose the use of social impact assessment (SIA) principles to evaluate the contribution of cultural heritage to social sustainability, supporting both a people-centered and socially responsible approach to heritage management. Design/methodology/approach Specifically, the paper explores SIA as a methodological tool for post-project evaluation, used to define projects’ contributions to aspects of social sustainability through analyzing impacts of participation in a rural context case study, that of the Scapa Flow landscape heritage scheme in Orkney Islands, Scotland, UK. Findings Based on research findings from the thematic analysis of 40 semi-structured interviews on impacts (with heritage managers, planners and participants in the scheme), the paper proposes a combination of heritage value assessment process with social impact identification to achieve a context-relevant assessment of social sustainability. Existing research around social capital and sense of place supports the analysis of relevant impacts and heritage values. Findings support overlaps between socio-environmental impacts, when looking at the role of heritage for community well-being in rural contexts. Research limitations/implications The qualitative approach allows for a context-relevant, bottom up impact assessment and allows for multiple stakeholders perceptions to be included. Practical implications The proposed methodological approach has greater implications for the work of institutions and professionals involved in project evaluations that can inform participatory heritage project planning, ensuring high social relevance. Social implications Application of SIA principles in heritage sector can increase social benefits of heritage projects and enable wider community participation in processes of heritage management. Originality/value Through this case study, the effectiveness of SIA principles when applied in cultural heritage project evaluation is discussed, reflecting on a novel methodology for impact assessment in heritage.
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Mahmood, Naushin. "Alia Ahmad. Women and Fertility in Bangladesh. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1991. 184 pp.Price: Indian Rs 185." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i1pp.127-128.
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A book on the relationship between the status of women and fertility, Ahmad's study is based on the available literature on the subject as well as empirical findings from a small group of women in two villages and Dhaka city in Bangladesh. The book comprises eight chapters, out of which the first four are devoted to a review of earlier studies and description of macro-level information on the determination of women's status and fertility in traditional societies, including Bangladesh. Then, based on the information collected from 58 rural and 20 urban women, the next three chapters present empirical results on the status of women in the context of their perceptions about the value of children, the demand for children and the costs of fertility regulation. Each chapter, with a summary at the end, provides a variety of arguments and some evidence on those aspects of women's status in Bangladesh which are an outcome of the social and economic processes that tend to perpetuate insecurity among a majority of women. The insecurity is regarded as conducive to the high demand for children and preference for sons. The book, thus, is not only a good source of information on theoretical linkages between women's status and fertility but also provides some evidence on the related issues in the context of Bangladeshi society.
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Miklian, Jason, and Kristian Hoelscher. "Entrepreneurial Strategies to Address Rural-Urban Climate-Induced Vulnerabilities: Assessing Adaptation and Innovation Measures in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (November 2, 2020): 9115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219115.
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Climate change amplifies social, political, economic, infrastructural and environmental challenges in many Global South cities, and perhaps no city is more vulnerable than Bangladesh’s capital of Dhaka. Climate-induced rural–urban migration is a profound concern, and Dhaka’s political leaders have embraced technology-based innovation as one solution pathway. This article explores the societal impact of Dhaka’s innovation environment strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation. Employing a case study qualitative methodology, our three findings expand knowledge about innovation for urban climate adaptation and mitigation as understood by Dhaka-based entrepreneurs. First, the most effective innovations were not the most technologically advanced, but those with the highest degree of participant ownership. Second, gaps between recipient, corporate and governmental understandings of effective mitigation and adaptation harmed projects were driven by different definitions of risk and competing understandings of vulnerability. Third, even the most technical climate adaptation measures were inherently political in their application. We discuss how to better position urban climate innovation infrastructures in Bangladesh and beyond, including developing a better recognition of innovation lifecycles for urban climate adaptation and widening our definitions of “innovation” to better incorporate more effective and inclusive climate adaptation solutions.
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El-Araby, Abdelaaziz, and Ali Faleh. "Emerging Rural Centers, Territorial Projects, Regional Development Players and Prospects. The Case of the Province of Zagora (Morocco)." Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste, Geographical Series 17, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/avutgs-2017-0016.
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AbstractThe articulation between the national, regional and local levels is one of the main thrusts that decision-makers and stakeholders are increasingly involved in when designing and implementing development visions and strategies. Indeed, the descending approach gives way gradually to the ascending approach; the revision of legislation relating to the management of public affairs (municipal charter, law on the region...), the creation of a number of support institutions (development agencies) and the project of “advanced regionalization”, are aspects of these evolutions. On the other hand, if these efforts are aimed at reducing dysfunctions between regional and intra-regional areas, the reality is that the national territory still suffers from an imbalance between the favored and other disadvantaged regions. In addition, rural exodus and urban growth have profoundly modified territorial relations: social inequalities are widening and imbalances between the rural and the urban are increasing. The present communication seeks to raise some avenues that will ensure a good structuring of the territory of a fragile zone such as the province of Zagora. This is a case study of the role of the Emerging Rural Centers, as intermediate spaces, in the articulation, revitalization and territorial development of the Drâa Tafilalet region. In fact, this new less studied terminology has been the subject of a theoretical framing concerning its definition as well as an outline of criteria for the identification and ranking of the Emerging Rural Centers applicable to the other territories. The roles of the actors in rural development and the place assigned to the CRE for the articulation of the territory of the province of Zagora.
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Lupak, R. L., and M. V. Kunytska-Iliash. "Development of road transport infrastructure as a factor restoration of economic potential development of rural areas in Ukraine." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 92 (May 11, 2019): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-e9215.
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The developed road transport infrastructure is a prerequisite for the economic and social development of the territories, in particular at the level of rural communities, as it allows creating conditions for comfortable living of the population, development of business initiatives, increasing the level of local accessibility of rural areas, and their investment attractiveness. The restoration of the economic potential of rural development in Ukraine objectively requires an in-depth study of the problematic aspects, obstacles and trends in the development of road transport infrastructure. The basis of the methodological basis for the study was the position of system-structural, comparative analysis and modern concepts of the institutional economy. The problematic aspects of the development of road transport infrastructure in the rural areas of Ukraine are identified, which are related to the neglect and low efficiency of the use of the end stops of the bus passenger transport, insufficient volumes of development and updating of roadside service facilities, low quality of passenger car transport, low quality of road works on the repair, construction and eradication of road friction, low efficiency of the public administration system motor roads, destruction of road construction due to increased weight loads on vehicles and traffic. The obstacles to improvement of road transport infrastructure in rural areas of Ukraine were identified: lack of practice of liquidation or legalization of spontaneous stops, lack of investments for their modernization; lack of effective interaction between local governments and executive authorities on the organization of passenger transportation and control over their functioning; lack of experience and non-compliance with standards for the development of road service facilities; deterioration of the network of highways; progressive aging of fixed assets and rolling stock of road enterprises; understatement of the warranty terms of the use of road surface. The directions of improvement of the state policy in the field of development of road transport infrastructure in the rural areas of Ukraine have been formed, which envisage the introduction of planning practices for the construction of objects of infrastructure of road objects, creation of incentives for carriers for the development of road transport infrastructure, approval of a regional program of development of highways of local the creation of transport and construction clusters at the subregional level, the introduction of new standards and qualifications conditions for conducting tenders for repairs, engineering and architectural arrangement of highways of local importance, the formation of databases of bona fide enterprises serving the road transport infrastructure, implementation of pilot projects in the field of reforming the existing system of road management in rural areas.
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De Sampaio Rodrigues Grazinoli Garrido, Fabiola, and Rodrigo Grazinoli Garrido. "Envolvendo estudantes de Direito em uma equipe multidisciplinar: ensino, pesquisa, extensão e responsabilidade social." Revista da Faculdade de Direito da UFG 42, no. 1 (June 20, 2018): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v42i1.50096.
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Trabalhos desenvolvidos em equipes multidisciplinares devem ser rotina para os futuros egressos do curso de direito. O objetivo desse artigo é discutir algumas estratégias e planos de trabalho utilizados no Programa de Educação Tutorial Conexões de Saberes que envolve estudantes do curso de direito da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro no campus de Três Rios, interior do Rio de Janeiro. Nessa perspectiva, o engajamento dos estudantes em projetos do tem contribuído como um campo experimental para o desenvolvimento das habilidades necessárias aos bacharéis em direito, bem como para a percepção do papel social do futuro profissional. Desde 2014, a equipe desenvolve projetos que discutem a função da universidade junto à comunidade, abordando sobretudo questões relacionadas a grupos vulneráveis e a aspectos agroambientais.Palavras-chave: aprendizagem significativa; formação integradora; projetos na graduação.
Abstract
Work performed in multidisciplinary teams should be routine for future graduates of the law courses. The aim of this paper is to discuss some strategies and work plans used in the Connections of Knowledge Tutorial Program that involves law students of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro on the campus of Três Rios, in the interior of Rio de Janeiro. In this perspective, students' engagement in projects has contributed as an experimental field for the development of the skills required by law graduates, as well as for the perception of the social role of the professional future. Since 2014, the team has developed projects that discuss the role of the university in the community, addressing issues related to vulnerable groups and agro-environmental aspects.
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Ogryzek, Marek P., Krzysztof Rząsa, and Mateusz Ciski. "The role of the National Support Centre for Agriculture in the process of revitalization and renewal of the rural areas." Journal of Water and Land Development 42, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2019-0055.
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Abstract Rural development policy of Agricultural Property Stock (APS) of the State Treasury in Poland is run by the National Support Centre for Agriculture (until 31.08.2017 Agricultural Property Agency). In the article, on the example of the Braniewo municipality, the size and spatial distribution of land transferred from the Agricultural Property Stock (APS) of the State Treasury to the municipality was analysed. One of the most important goals associated with this was activities related to social aspects, often part of the revitalization and renewal of the rural areas. After Poland's accession to the European Union, it was possible to obtain subsidies that allowed the rural population to apply for financing projects, such as: road construction, creating school playgrounds or socio-cultural facilities. Authors also analysed examples of good practices in this area in the municipality of Braniewo, as a recommendation for other municipalities. Attempts have also been made to indicate the role of the National Support Centre for Agriculture in the transformation of the Polish countryside, with particular emphasis on the areas of former State Agricultural Farms.
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Gražulevičiūtė-Vileniškė, Indrė, and Vilma Karvelytė-Balbierienė. "INFLUENCE OF IMMOVABLE CULTURAL HERITAGE ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS." Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 31, no. 4 (December 31, 2007): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921630.2007.10697122.
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Rural areas cover the largest part of the territory of Lithuania as well as that of the whole Europe. Rural settlements are also the most abundant category in the settlement system of the country. Therefore, their social, economic, and cultural viability- as well as ecologic sustainability playan important role striving towards the goals of sustainable development. During the last years projects promoting various aspects of sustainability are implemented not only in large cities and towns, but also in smaller municipalities, nevertheless many rural settlements still are not influenced by these trends. The tendency of decrease of the population of the country, emigration, migration of young and qualified persons to larger cities and towns, poverty and unemployment cause the threat to the most fragile elements of the rural settlement system, such as steadings, manor residencies and ethnographic village settlements. In order to stop these processes it is necessary to search for means to sustain the social and economic viability of rural settlements. During the last decade significant role of cultural heritage in implementing strategies of sustainable development was universally recognized. It is acknowledged that sustainable preservation, maintenance, and use of cultural heritage, especially immovable, positively influence the social, economic, cultural and even environmental dimensions of sustainable development. Sustainable development opportunities provided by immovable cultural heritage are essential for small rural settlements which are not distinguished by important natural resources or favorable location. In this instance social and cultural viability is as much essential for preservation of immovable cultural heritage of these settlements, as immovable cultural heritage is essential for sustention of their social and economic viability. Nekilnojamojo kultūros paveldo įtaka darniam kaimo gyvenamųjų vietovių vystymuisi Santrauka Didžiąją Lietuvos, kaip ir visos Europos, teritorijos dalį sudaro kaimo vietovės, o didžiąją dalį gyvenamųjų vietovių – kaimo gyvenamosios vietovės, taigi jų socialinis, eko nominis ir kultūrinis gyvybingumas bei eko loginis tvarumas atlieka lemiamą vaidmenį siekiant šalies darnaus vystymosi tikslų. Pastaraisiais metais darnų vystymąsi skatinantys projektai jau įgyvendinami ne tik didžiuosiuose Lietuvos miestuose, bet ir mažesnėse savivaldybėse, tačiau daugelio kaimo gyvenamųjų vietovių šis procesas kol kas nepaliečia. Bendro šalies gyventojų skaičiaus mažėjimo tendencija, emigracija, jaunų ir kvalifikuo tų žmonių migracija į didžiuosius šalies miestus, skurdas ir nedarbo grėsmė kelia sunykimo grėsmę patiems jautriausiems ir kultūriniu požiūriu vertingiausiems šalies kaimo gyvenamųjų vietovių sistemos elementams, tokiems kaip vienkieminės sodybos, buvusių dvarų ir palivarkų sodybos ar etnografinės kaimų gyvenvietės. Siekiant sustabdyti šiuos neigiamus socialinius, eko nominius bei kultūriniu procesus, būtina ieškoti būdų, kaip užtikrinti kaimo gyvenamųjų vietovių socialinį bei eko nominį gyvybingumą. Pastaraisiais metais pasaulyje vis aiškiau suvokiamas kultūros paveldo vaidmuo darnaus vystymosi kontekste. Visuotinai pripažįstama, jog kultūros paveldo, ypač nekilnojamojo, apsauga, priežiūra bei naudojimas turi teigiamos įtakos darniam vystymuisi socialinėje, eko nominėje, kultūrinėje ir kt. dimensijose. Nekilnojamojo kultūros paveldo teikiamos darnaus vystymosi galimybės itin reikšmingos nedidelėms, išskirtinių gamtinių išteklių neturinčioms bei patogia geografine padėtimi nepasižyminčioms kaimo gyvenamosioms vietovėms. Jų socialinis ir eko nominis gyvybingumas kultūros paveldui išsaugoti yra toks pats svarbus, kaip ir kultūros paveldas socialinio ir eko nominio šių gyvenamųjų vietovių gyvybingumo palaikymu.
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Stokowski, Patricia A. "Re-interpreting the past to shape the future: The uses of memory discourses in community tourism development." Tourism and Hospitality Research 16, no. 3 (June 6, 2016): 254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358415600213.
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Ideas about collective memory are implicit in tourism development, even when development projects are primarily entertainment-oriented. This paper studies collective memory in the form of community creation myths associated with the transformation of two rural towns from seasonal tourism to casino gaming. Known for their contributions to Colorado mining history, Central City and Black Hawk adopted casino gambling in 1991. This paper presents data from a longitudinal study of creation myth discourses expressed by stakeholders across several decades. Data show that over time, spokespersons more frequently described a nostalgic yearning for earlier mining periods, though the content and form of discourses varied by commentator. Local residents made more emotional appeals, while local leaders’ and external entrepreneurs’ claims were more strategic. This study shows how memory is manipulated, especially during periods of rapid tourism growth, shedding light on under-studied aspects of social and cultural impacts of tourism development.
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Sato Kan, Hiroshi. "Sociology of precondition for Japanese Miracle." Impact 2021, no. 4 (May 11, 2021): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.4.38.
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In Japan, World War II was followed by a period of reconstruction and economic growth known as 'the Japanese Miracle'. Although the economic aspects of the nation's recovery are known, there is little emphasis placed on the social development efforts that facilitated this. Professor Hiroshi Sato, Chief Senior Researcher, Institute of Developing Economies; Japan External Trade Organization (IDE-JETRO), believes that social development policies are the precursor to economic growth and pave the way for social change. He is collaborating with other leading researchers on a range of projects to explore the links between social development and economic growth in developing countries. Sato is collaborating with: Professor Kazuko Tatsumi, Fukuoka University to investigate the rural livelihood improvement movement in post-war Japan; Professor Mariko Sakamoto, Aichi Medical University to explore the impact of Occupation policy on public health; and Associate Professor Mayuko Sano, Fukuoka Prefectural University to investigate the history of coal mining town Tagawa city. Sato believes that the rapid economic growth of developing countries without prior social development is unsustainable and widens the gap between rich and poor, with the distribution of wealth becoming unfairly biased towards the rich.
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Seay, Jeffrey R., Elango Jeyaraj, John C. Higgins, Chandni A. Joshi, and Sarah F. Willett. "Addressing Cultural Challenges in a Global Service Learning Project to Reduce Plastic Waste in Rural India." International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v11i1.6324.
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In the summer of 2015, a group of chemical and mechanical engineering undergraduate students from the University of Kentucky Paducah Extended Campus Program participated in a Global Service Learning and Sustainability course focused on implementing a project to convert waste plastic into a sustainable liquid fuel in rural southern India. The successful construction, operation and testing of the liquid fuel in local diesel powered irrigation pumps will be described. Service learning projects conducted in other countries often face cultural hurdles that are quite different than in traditional study abroad programs. Working side-by-side with local people requires adapting to cultural practices that may be quite different from the students’ expectations. To address this, cultural aspects and social sustainability were included in a lecture component of the service learning course as well as in the implementation of the service project. The learning outcomes for this course included providing students with clear understanding of the key issues of sustainability and sustainable community development in rural and underdeveloped regions and educating them as to how engineers must consider cultural factors when working in underdeveloped regions. This service learning project was conducted in collaboration with the Organization of Development Action and Maintenance (ODAM) in Tiruchuli, India.
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Soltangazinov, A. R. "THE STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THE ECONOMY OF RURAL AREAS OF PAVLODAR REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." BULLETIN 389, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1467.28.
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At the present stage in the domestic scientific environment, the problems of ensuring sustainable development of rural areas are insufficiently studied and require further study. The goal of sustainable development of rural areas is a balanced development of the economic, social and environmental spheres, aimed at ensuring a favorable life of the population. The article considers the economic aspects of the functioning of rural territories of Pavlodar region and provides a comprehensive assessment to solve the problems of socio-economic development of these territories in the current and long-term perspective. As a base of analysis and assessment used statistical data of the official website of the Committee on statistics of MNE of RK, and also empirical observation and informational resources of local Executive bodies region. Based on the results, which identified systemic problems of the rural economy that have a negative impact on the level and quality of life of the rural population. These include, first and foremost, the dominant raw material orientation of the rural economy, low labour productivity, due to the significant moral and physical deterioration of the production-technical base, including the excess of the lifespan of the majority of equipment, as well as the rate of fleet renewal machines relevant regulatory requirements, using a separate are subject obsolete resource-intensive technologies. It is shown positive dynamics of key indicators of agriculture, which developed in the first place, due to government regulation of agriculture and the creation of an enabling environment through the extension of the relevant package of measures of state support aimed at the development of this sector of the national economy. Recommendations aimed at activating the processes of rural economy diversification have been developed. Analysis of the state of domestic beekeeping shows that this market niche in the national economy is not sufficiently developed and this industry has a significant unrealized potential. Significant benefits of the development of the beekeeping industry are shown, which will have a positive impact on strengthening the export positions of non-resource orientation, increasing employment of the rural population, crop yields, solving the problems of degraded agricultural land, etc. The economic feasibility and effectiveness of investment projects in the field of beekeeping development, which simultaneously provide a significant social effect, are justified. For the transition of rural territories to a qualitatively new level of development, based on the conclusions made about the priorities of rural development, the authors justify strategic prospects for further development using the internal mechanism of their functioning, reserves of economic growth and taking into account the specifics and features of administrative-territorial units.
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Tomar, Dr Reeta. "PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: CASE STUDY OF SOLAR ENERGY IN INDIA." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 4, no. 12 (April 23, 2020): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v4.i12.2017.589.
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Scientific advances and technological changes are new key partners of economic growth anddevelopment. Scientific innovation has become a new source of wealth creation, improvementin quality of life and social wellbeing. India as a developing nation is facing many economicgrowth and development challenges like unemployment, poverty, hunger, scarcity ofresources, etc. To overcome these problems, new scientific innovations in the field ofrenewable energy can provide useful solutions. In the above context, economic analysis ofJawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (NSM) launched in 2010 by GOI is quite relevant.The NSM provide cheap and clean source of energy and job opportunities in India. The aim ofthis paper is to analysis NSM and other solar projects from various aspects of economicgrowth and to explore areas of investment for scientific innovation in such type of projects.This study is explanatory in nature. This study concludes positively that the development ofsolar energy can give solutions to many economic problems of rural electrification,unemployment, climate change, regional development, etc. Thus, India with its increasingpopulation and limited natural resources needs to use solar energy innovatively to achieve allround development.
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Egwu, I. N. "Community Health Intervention Program (Chip): Re-Educating Health Professionals for Primary Health Care." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 8, no. 1 (April 1987): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/5djn-v22j-farb-6wn4.
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Primary health care (PHC) in most developing countries remains largely inaccessible to a vast proportion of urban and rural populations. It is neither influenced by, nor integrated with, preventive care/community development. This may be attributed partly to lack of community participation by communities. Professional health care is isolated and impervious to the influence of health care users. In Nigeria all functional correlates are available in the existing health systems; yet, the impact is not felt. What is needed, and urgently, is an intervention to extend meaningful health care delivery into the urban poor and rural communities. The Nigerian Youth Service Corps (NYSC) scheme, through a rational and systematic mobilization and utilization of its health manpower, offers an excellent opportunity to demonstrate that PHC can work. A two-step intervention process is proposed: a reorientation during NYSC “orientation,” and a community-based practice module, during the NYSC “Primary Assignment” phase. Health professionals working as a “team,” and led by NYSC doctor(s), undertake their medical care responsibilities as well as community development projects as integrated aspects of PHC. It is envisaged that experiences accruing from such a deliberate intervention with a pilot project, will form a basis for operational adoption of the proposed CHIP as a national model.
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Braidotti, Greta, Maria De Nobili, and Lucia Piani. "Integrated Use of Local and Technical Soil Quality Indicators and Participatory Techniques to Select Them. A Review of Bibliography and Analysis of Research Strategies and Outcomes." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010087.
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Climate change has strong impacts on soil conservation and agricultural productivity, with severe consequences on smallholders in developing countries, but virtually no research has been carried out so far on this issue. Therefore, it is necessary to foster the implementation of participatory projects to help communities deal with new difficulties. Sustainable soil management can reduce and even reverse land degradation, helping farmers to adapt to climate change effects. Progress toward sustainability cannot be implemented in small rural communities regardless of local knowledge, which can be addressed using participatory techniques. To this purpose the choice and use of indicators is essential to carry out correct assessments of soil vulnerability integrating local and technical knowledge. The purpose of this review was to study how the problem of building a set of integrated indicators to assess soil quality has been addressed so far and which participatory techniques have been more successfully employed, analyzing studies carried out in rural communities of developing countries. We found out that there is a lack of participated studies dealing with environmental issues. Those that do so address them only indirectly, being centered on present agricultural problems. The studies rarely feature a collaboration with social science experts, consequently the use of participatory techniques lacks protocols and a standardized nomenclature to help in the transfer and generalization of experiences. Women are rarely involved and nearly exclusively in African countries: this could be related to social and cultural conditions, but needs more attention. Different aspects need to be improved to help the implementation of a successful approach in future projects. This review provides a tool to facilitate future interdisciplinary research on integration of local and scientific knowledge and will help to devise more successful strategies to tackle the challenges posed by climate change to smallholders in developing countries.
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Blair, Niebert, Dirk Pons, and Susan Krumdieck. "Electrification in Remote Communities: Assessing the Value of Electricity Using a Community Action Research Approach in Kabakaburi, Guyana." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 3, 2019): 2566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092566.
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PROBLEM—Provision of electric services in remote communities operating a subsistence economy has been challenging both for policy-makers and engineers. The value of electricity services and the choice structures in remote economies are not well understood. NEED—There are several technical, economic, and environmental challenges to the top-down approach of electrification. There is a need for methods that can integrate multiple dimensions of social development that can fit the environmental, economic, and technical aspects of community development. APPROACH—To create a system that best fits with the rural community, a bottom-up approach is recommended; this depends on community participation to provide a coherent from-the-ground-up decision-making framework for rural residents, engineers, and policy-makers. OUTCOMES—We have developed a from-the-ground-up community participation approach to power system design, where the community activity system is studied before investigating energy development options and assessing the risks and benefits from the perspective of the people in the community. We present the approach called Community Access Resource for Electricity Sustainability (CARES), with its foundation in action research methodology to explore the values in the community, the valued electricity services (VES) that the community feel they need, and the way the community adopts the different value types through problem-solving. We conclude that the CARES approach provides rural residents, engineers, and policy-makers with a new bottom-up approach to rural electrification in remote economies. IMPLICATIONS—The implications of this design calls for designers to extend their workspace beyond the design office and to facilitate with remote communities in devising solutions that best fit their needs. ORIGINALITY—Original contributions are the identification of the different value types and VES from-the-ground-up, and the integration of these into a gamified, interactive, and virtual-reality setting for participants to play through and discuss major consequences from which prudent decisions for development can be made. Additionally, we have proposed a new cost index for the feasibility assessment of rural electrification projects.
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Basu, Pratyusha. "SCALE, PLACE AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS: STRATEGIES OF RESISTANCE ALONG INDIA’S NARMADA RIVER." REVISTA NERA, no. 16 (May 29, 2012): 96–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.47946/rnera.v0i16.1367.
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This paper focuses on the struggles being waged by the Narmada Bachao Andolan, a rural social movement opposing displacement due to dams along India’s Narmada River. Building a comparison between two major anti-dam struggles within the Andolan, around the Sardar Sarovar and Maheshwar dams, this study seeks to show that multi-sited social movements pursue a variety of scale and place-based strategies and this multiplicity is key to the possibilities for progressive change that they embody. The paper highlights three aspects of the Andolan. First, the Andolan has successfully combined environmental networks and agricultural identities across the space of its struggle. The Andolan became internationally celebrated when its resistance led to the World Bank withdrawing funding for the Sardar Sarovar dam in 1993. This victory was viewed as a consequence of the Andolan’s successful utilization of transnational environmental networks. However, the Andolan has also intervened in agrarian politics within India and this role of the Andolan emerges when the struggle against the Maheshwar dam is considered. Second, this paper examines the role played by the Andolan in building a national movement against displacement. Given that India’s Supreme Court gave permission for the continued construction of the Sardar Sarovar dam in 2000, the power of the state to push through destructive development projects cannot be underestimated. The national level thus remains an important scale for the Andolan’s struggle leading to the formation of social movement networks and the construction of collective identities around experiences of rural and urban displacement. Third, this paper reflects on how common access to the Narmada river also provides a material basis for the formation of a collective identity, one which can be used to address the class divisions that characterize the Andolan’s membership. Overall, the paper aims to contribute to the study of social movements by showing how attachments to multiple geographies ensure that a movement’s potential futures always exceed the nature of its present forms of resistance.
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Ievoli, Corrado, Angelo Belliggiano, Danilo Marandola, Pierluigi Milone, and Flaminia Ventura. "Information and Communication Infrastructures and New Business Models in Rural Areas: The Case of Molise Region in Italy." European Countryside 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 475–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2019-0027.
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Abstract The paper deals with the role of ICT and the related infrastructures to induce innovations for sustainable rural development. In particular, it focuses on the innovations induced by ICT in farms and in new rural firms, and on how digital infrastructures support and generate social innovation mechanisms, leading to the consolidation of entrepreneurship and dissemination of ICT-based innovation in rural areas. The hypothesis is that the presence of digital infrastructures generates a double effect: overcoming the concept of geographical proximity (relevant for remote rural areas) and promoting social innovation. In particular, this paper examines the role of social innovation to create a new demand for products, services and organisational models for farms and rural enterprises, promoting further innovation. To target the objectives, the work analyses three case studies of new business models (BMs) based on ICT innovation. The analysis focuses on the most important interactions, learning and organisational processes within the new enterprises and among the new farms/enterprises and the other economic and institutional actors, and on how they were shaped and changed by the use of ICT, relating them to a conceptual model. These three cases, although pioneering, are important since they give an original response to some of the main problems and needs of remote and inner rural areas, as for the access to high value segment of food market, the information deliveries about attractiveness of landscape and countryside for foreigners, investors and tourists and the creation of new stable relation with consumers/citizens in the urban areas. The three cases have been analysed with the aim to identify how the ICT, and the related innovations, create an interconnection between four characteristic elements of the BMs (value creation, supply chain, customer interfaces, financial model) and the restructuring of proximity dimensions (cognitive, institutional, social, geographical, organizational). The work shows how these three cases have several communalities, but also different aspects with respect to our objective of analysis: there are different ways in which the four characteristic elements of the BM are constructed and also different in the role that the different dimensions of proximity play in structuring the innovation process in each one of them. More generally, the results of the work also lead to consider a new role for public investments in ICT infrastructures: public administrations should intervene in order to create a coherence within projects of public and private initiatives.
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Шишелов, М. А. "СТАН І ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ЛІСОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ РЕСПУБЛІКИ КОМИ." TIME DESCRIPTION OF ECONOMIC REFORMS, no. 3 (November 10, 2020): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/cher.2020.3.10.
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The forestry complex is economically significant for the development of the Komi Republic. It is noticeably inferior to the fuel and energy complex, but it plays an important social role in the forest regions of the republic, where it not only creates employment for the population, but also contributes to the development of municipalities through the creation of a tax base for local budgets. This provision updates the assessment of the current situation and possible development prospects. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state and development prospects of the forestry complex of the Komi Republic. The object of the research is the forest complex of the Komi Republic, which plays an important social role in the forest regions of the republic, where it not only creates employment for the population, but also contributes to the development of municipalities through the creation of a tax base for local budgets. Research hypothesis - an increase in the output of timber products is ensured by the implementation of priority investment projects in the field of forest development in the Komi Republic and the modernization of existing enterprises. Methods used in the study. The study of the state of the forest complex in the region was carried out on the basis of a retrospective analysis of data and expert assessments. Its methodological features are: structuring the efficiency of the forestry complex into production, socio-economic, and financial; using a set of indicators characterizing the specified aspects of efficiency. As a result, on a structured set of indicators, a characteristic of the forest complex of the Komi Republic was obtained, the effectiveness of activities and promising directions of development were determined. Presentation of the main material. It is shown that in the forest complex of the Komi Republic, projects are being implemented that are included in the federal list of priority investment projects in the field of forest development in Russia. Originality and practical significance of the research. The disappearance of small forest enterprises, first of all, negatively affects the social and economic situation of rural settlements of the republic, in which they are sometimes the only objects that provide an economic basis. But despite the modernization of existing enterprises and the creation of new ones, the commodity and industry structure of the complex continues to remain conservative with a predominance of timber and paper products of low and medium levels of redistribution. Conclusions. The technological level of production development remains insufficient, the share of innovative products with high added value is significantly inferior to countries with a developed forest industry. The prospects for the development of the forestry complex of the Komi Republic are determined by domestic and international factors of growth in the consumption of traditional products (lumber, plywood, paper) and new niches (wrapping paper, tall oil, turpentine, bioethanol, composite materials).
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Pogorzelska, Marzanna. "Sto lat metody projektów w Polsce." Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, no. 36 (October 15, 2018): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bhw.2017.36.10.
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A Hundred Years of the Project Method in PolandThe text presents the development of the project method in Polish education throughout the last century. The project method was introduced into Poland after regaining independence, and it was implemented during the inter-war period (1918–1939) in some schools, both in urban and rural environments. Nevertheless, the method was at that time treated as a pedagogical novelty andexperiment, rather than a natural part of school life. After 1945, education, like other aspects ofsocio-political life, was influenced by the communist propaganda, and the project method, supporting autonomy, democracy and empowerment, was not promoted as a valuable educational approach. After 1989, when progressive trends appeared in Polish schools, the project method gained somepopularity but it was not until 2008 when it was granted national and formal recognition. Then, the new core curriculum was developed, and the project method became an obligatory part of school reality. The revival of the project method was connected with the alarming findings concerning social capital in Poland. In this situation, making students cooperate within projects seemed aremedy for the decreasing social capital. As the author points out, formal introduction of the method does not necessarily mean its effective accomplishment, which should be accompanied by spontaneity and authentic engagement. What is more, as the author shows, after decades of theabsence of this method in Poland, and the lack of the relevant socio-cultural background, teachers might find it difficult to implement a project so as to contribute to the increase of social capital. All these areas need further investigation. Nevertheless, the author hopes that the text will contribute tobetter understanding of contemporary challenges and opportunities related to the implementation of the idea of projects in Polish education.
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Закатнов, Дмитро. "ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS AN EDUCATIONPROFESSIONAL PATHWAY DIRECTION FOR PROFESSIONAL (VOCATIONAL) EDUCATION SCHOOLS STUDENTS." Науковий вісник Інституту професійно-технічної освіти НАПН України. Професійна педагогіка, no. 18 (June 24, 2019): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32835/2223-5752.2019.18.96-101.
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The article reveals the state-of arts of the problem on professional (vocational) education (P(V)E) schools students training to choosing the entrepreneurship activity as the way for further professional career development. It is found that the entrepreneurship activity content in the legislation framework of Ukraine is limited with acts jure gestionis aimed at reaching the economy and social results and profit. That differs from the appropriate content in the EU countries where the entrepreneurship is defined as the ability to plan and manage projects with have cultural, social or commercial value. The analysis the pilot research empirical data and the experimental activity of the Institute of vocational education and training of the National academy of educational science of Ukraine (IVET NAES of Ukraine) proves that P(V)E schools students consider the entrepreneurship activity as a prospective vector for further education-professional rout realisation due to some indicators difference for urban and rural P(V)E schools students. Therefore, the students’ vision of the entrepreneurship activity is mostly of abstract character but their training to that in P(V)E schools is provided only for some aspects. The entrepreneurship activity socio-economic value and attractiveness for the youth as a prospective vector for their education-professional routs are determined with the appropriate pedagogical system formation to assure students’ preparation for the entrepreneurship activity.
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Siryk, Zenoviy. "Features of forming the investment needs of local governments." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 3(143) (2020): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2020-3-5.
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The paper researches some aspects of regulative maintenance of investment activity in Ukraine and at the level of territories (on the example of Lviv) in the condition of reforming local governments. The author suggests his interpretation of “an investment capacity of a territorial community”. The specifics of managing the investment activity of territories is outlined, and the groups of needs of local governments, the realization of which is the ground for territorial communities’ activity, are defined. The sources of funding of local governments’ investment needs are characterized. The scheme of balancing investment needs and investment opportunities (sources) as a component of management of a territory’s investment activity is suggested. The conditions of securing positive consequences of the process are examined. The analysis of directions of state support of economic and social development of territories in 2020 shows that regional development programs are funded at 12.7%, while other social, environmental, and innovative directions – at a level less than 5%. The paper emphasizes the need of local governments to independently search for ways to implement socio-cultural projects by efficient use of their investment resources and capacity. For a general analysis of investment activity, the investment in the socio-economic development of Lvivska oblast in 2017-2019 is analyzed. The growing volumes of capital investment and the prevailing share of investment in the purchase of machines and equipment are emphasized. The conclusion on insufficient growth of rural areas’ capacity is made. The problems in the attraction of investment in the economies of cities and consolidated territorial communities are defined. The solution of these problems will contribute to the implementation of new approaches to investment activity at the territories of local communities from the viewpoint of the need to secure their financial capacity and sustainable development of settlements.
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Bouchard, Lauren, and Marilyn Gugliucci. "ESPO/ Academy for Gerontology in Higher Education Section Symposium: Bridging the Gap: Shifting Population Dynamics and Opportunities to Inform and Educate Communities." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 537–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1743.
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Abstract This symposium is intended to highlight population-shifts and their impact on the individual, family, institution, and community levels. Currently, increases in diversity among individuals under age 18 continue to outpace those of individuals age 65-and-older, creating a substantial racial/ethnic diversity gap between generations. As it relates to education-level, individuals age 65-and-older who have earned at least a bachelor’s degree has increased from 5 percent in 1965 to 29 percent in 2018 (Population Reference Bureau, 2020). Population-shifts could be mitigated or better supported through enhancements to gerontology/geriatric education and training. This symposium will highlight the biopsychosocial aspects of these shifts and will link each aspect to the development of gerontology and geriatric curriculum. To start, presenter one will describe projects focused on community-based intergenerational programs to reduce social isolation and loneliness among rural older adults (Jill). Next, presenter two will describe findings from a university-based study, using surveys of aging and ageist attitudes to foster intergenerational connections between undergraduate students and older adult community members (Giselle). Presenter three will discuss a program to support the development of aging ministries to educate and support both caregivers and older adults in community settings (Lauren). Finally, presenter four will discuss findings from one-on-one interviews conducted with Chinese caregivers and Chinese geriatric social workers in efforts to develop and evaluate an end-of-life manual designed for Chinese immigrant caregivers (Mandong). The discussant will link the presenters’ findings to implications for future gerontology and geriatric education and training while identifying key topics to inform and engage communities.
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Adamchуk, Oleksandr. "Innovative sources of increasing the competitiveness of rural green tourism enterprises." University Economic Bulletin, no. 46 (September 1, 2020): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-46-38-45.
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The subject of research is the theoretical and practical aspects of the definition and implementation of innovations, forms and directions of innovation in order to increase the competitiveness of rural green tourism enterprises. The aim of the work is to identify innovative sources of increasing the competitiveness of rural green tourism enterprises and substantiate the factors, components and tools for innovation in a knowledge economy, digital technologies, non-cash payments, high-speed Internet. The methodological basis of the article were the theoretical and methodological provisions of modern business economics, historical and monographic methods of scientific knowledge, as well as system-structural analysis and synthesis of the study of phenomena and processes, problem-based approach in justifying types, forms and directions of innovation. Results of work. The sources and offered components, directions and tools of introduction of innovations in work of the enterprises of rural green tourism, including in the form of organizational and administrative, marketing, product groups of them are revealed; in the form of IT startups, touring and digital systems and backup networks; timesharing, clustering, strategic alliances and clubs; smart Internet projects, software organization and management of the actual agro-villages and tourist enterprises in the countryside to increase their competitiveness. Field of application of results. Conclusions and results can be used in the work of rural green tourism enterprises, rural communities, public organizations, local governments; in the educational and scientific process of economic faculties of universities, colleges of tourist specialization, other institutions of higher education. Conclusions. Innovative activity in the system of strategic goals, priorities and guidelines for increasing the competitiveness of rural green tourism enterprises in the era of knowledge economy and digitalization will take a leading place. The realization of their important socio-economic functions, as well as other subjects of social life is becoming increasingly associated with an innovative type of development. In turn, it is based on a continuous and purposeful process of finding, preparing and implementing innovations. The possibility and motivation to obtain higher incomes and the need to increase the efficiency of financial and investment resources forces the participants of the tourism business in the countryside to purposefully create new tastes, interests and needs, introduce fundamentally new products, products, services and technologies. All this is also connected with the acceleration of innovation processes.
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Zhang, Xue, and Tian Gan. "Between Independence and Absorption: The Soft Embeddedness of NGOs in Poverty Alleviation." China Nonprofit Review 11, no. 1 (November 5, 2019): 54–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341355.
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Abstract NGOs are faced with the dilemma of action logic in participating in poverty alleviation at the grass-roots level: if they do not embed into local areas, they cannot carry out activities; if they embed too deeply, they will be molded in reverse and cannot realize successful exits. So what action logic will NGOs take in the process of poverty alleviation? Through field observation of H organization which participated in the poverty alleviation project of a pig farm in J village, this paper puts forward the action logic of “soft embeddedness” (SE) on the basis of the theory of “embeddedness” and “soft governance.” SE mainly includes three aspects: the soft relationship embeddedness of culture and custom, the soft resources embeddedness of negotiation by many parties and the soft structure embeddedness of rural regulations and folk conventions. Compared with that of “hard embeddedness” (HE) which emphasizes institutionalism and inculcation, the action logic of SE has its own characteristics. It includes the flexibility of interaction, the strategy of participation and the limited responsibility boundary. The SE action logic helps maintain the autonomy of NGOs, promote the accumulation of village social capital and realize the sustainable development of poverty alleviation projects. At the same time, this paper theoretically complements and extends the interaction between the states and the society as well as the action logic of NGOs in China.
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Bilousovа, O. S. "Budget Support for Active Aging Processes in the Context of the Sustainability of Public Finances." Statistics of Ukraine 87, no. 4 (March 12, 2020): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.4(87)2019.04.08.
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The article is devoted to the problems of budget support of active aging processes and sustainability of public finances of Ukraine. This problem is urgent because of the accelerating pace of demographic aging, cross-country migration, limited budgetary resources, which in their totality increase the burden on the younger generation, create financial risks for the government and households. This problem remains out of research focus in spite of the rising need to increase budget expenditures, maintain the long-term sustainability of public finances, enforce new regulatory measures on the labor market and the health care system, provide social and educational services, and reduce the poverty among the elderly. New approaches to citizen support should be in line with the European norms, which, in their totality, contribute to the active longevity of the population, reduction of the tax burden, relief of the pressure on the next generations and continuity between generations.
The financial support of social services provided to the elderly is analyzed, with identifying its problematic aspects. In order to improve approaches to financing social services, a Matrix of Choice of Social Services for Active Aging and Forms of Financing is constructed. To expand the sources of funding for active aging processes, it is proposed to introduce co-financing of selected social projects by government and businesses.
It is substantiated that the Sustainable Development Goals, as well as the provisions of the Active Aging Strategy, should be consistent and taken into consideration in formulating social and budgetary policies that need to be based on the targets of the Active Aging Index.
In order to implement the budget mechanism “money goes after a person”, aimed to enhance the targeting of social assistance programs, amendments to the Budget Code of Ukraine, the Economic Code of Ukraine, the Laws of Ukraine “On social services”, “On improving the accessibility and quality of health care in rural areas” are proposed. Recommendations on using the compensatory mechanisms to enhance the ability of the government to provide the adequate financial support for active aging without breaking the sustainability of public finances are elaborated.
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Mitrofanova, Inna, Elena Inshakova, Inna Ryabova, and Anastasia Shcherbina. "Digitalization of the Socio-Economic Complex of the Southern Federal District: First Results of Implementing the National Program." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 4 (December 2019): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/10.15688/re.volsu.2019.4.8.
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The article studies the first results of implementing the state digitalization program in the Southern Federal District (SFD) of Russia. The paper reveals that the SFD federal entities got involved in the economy and social sphere digitalization with different intensities, and assesses the digitalization level in the district as a whole as insufficient to improve its position in the ranking (penultimate place in 2018). The significant differentiation of the regions of the SFD in the level of digitalization and the emerging tendency to gradually smooth out this gap due to the accelerated development of lagging regions, which surpass almost 2 or more times the average district growth rate of the digitalization index in 2018, are consistent with the all-Russian trends. The “digital divide” is more pronounced among the rural population compared with the urban one and less pronounced among organizations of the business and social sphere of the SFD. The presence of the digital divide in the technical, financial, territorial, demographic aspects and the insufficient level of the population digital literacy impede the implementation of the state digitalization program in the subjects of the SFD. This poses complex organizational, institutional and financial tasks for implementing the regional potential of digitalization before federal and regional authorities, business and society. The authors propose a set of measures to implement the high digitalization potential of the SFD regions, including launching in all constituent entities of the SFD and improving the quality of functioning of electronic services in the field of state and municipal administration, housing and communal services, transport, educational and medical services; growth in the share of full-service electronic services; increase in the number of people, especially older people, using the Internet, through implementing regional projects on increasing digital literacy; forming the personnel reserve of the digital economy, etc.
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Escobar, Diego Alexander, Santiago Cardona, and Carlos Alberto Moncada. "Evaluation of Road Infrastructure Alternatives Through a Saving Gradient in Travel Times. Case Study: Second Connection Villamaría-Manizales, Colombia." Modern Applied Science 12, no. 8 (July 28, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n8p103.
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In the last century, the migration of people from rural to urban areas of cities has generated a set of dynamics in different sectors such as social, economic, educational that have led cities to collaborate among them, generating a constant synergy in order to obtain a sustained development in multiple aspects. In this sense, Manizales as the capital of the department of Caldas in Colombia has generated a conurbation with the nearest neighboring municipality, Villamaría reaching a combined population of 419 943. Although this synergy has taken place for several decades, these municipalities only have a place of connection, because they are separated by a geographical barrier, the Chinchiná River. This connection has had clear connection problems, due to the high flow of vehicles that move between both municipalities, so it is essential to project a second connection, to further boost mobility among its inhabitants. For this reason, in this research four (4) alternatives of connection are proposed, according to the suggestions of the Manizales 2017 Mobility Master Plan, through the calculation of the global average accessibility and the quantification of the gradient of savings generated in the average times of trip, based on the current situation of both cities. The results show which is the alternative that benefits population the most in terms of travel time savings, although three of them generate considerable savings and only one is discarded because it benefits a smaller number of inhabitants in very low percentages of savings compared to the others. The evaluation of infrastructure alternatives through the gradient of savings in travel times is useful to determine the best options in the pre-feasibility phase of investment projects in the transport area.
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Jati, Daniel Alves, and Júlio Tota Da Silva. "Estudos geo-hidrológicos da bacia do rio Curuá-Una, Santarém, Pará: Aplicação do modelo hidrológico de grandes bacias (MGB-IPH) (Geohydrological studies of the Curuá-Una river basin, Santarém, Pará: Application of the hydrological model of large ...)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 10, no. 4 (July 9, 2017): 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v10.4.p1296-1311.
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O desenvolvimento urbano ou rural acarreta pressão antrópica sobre corpos hídricos, podendo gerar problemas ambientais, sociais e econômicos. Para tentar mitigar os impactos dos projetos desenvolvimentistas precisa-se, primeiramente conhecer características da bacia hidrográfica a ser estudada. O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar aspectos relacionados a geo-hidrologia, morfologia e morfometria da bacia hidrográfica do rio Curuá-Una, Santarém, Pará, concomitantemente, avaliar a influencia das modificações de uso e ocupação do solo ocorridas na bacia entre 1985 e 2015 no regime hídrico. Para isso utilizou-se o software Mapwindow, imagem LANDSAT, modelo digital de elevação e plugin MGB-IPH. Os principais resultados obtidos foram: delineamento da área de drenagem com valor de 17.351,34 km2 e largura máxima = 125,78 km; as classificações de uso e ocupação do solo apresentaram que a classe vegetação média e alta sofreu redução de 10,76%, e a classe antropização e solo exposto aumento de 8,52% entre 1985 e 2015; o tipo de solo latossolo amarelo abrange uma área de 833,64 km2; a malha de drenagem tende acumular escoamento com alta intensidade no rio Curuá-Una, rio Moju, igarapé do Moju e igarapé do Puraquê. Os resultados para a avaliação da influencia das mudanças do uso e ocupação do solo no regime hídrico mostraram que a influencia não é significativa na escala da bacia. A caracterização da bacia do Curuá-Una possibilitou geração de base dedados capazes de descrever o comportamento hidrológico da região e dados métricos importantes para demarcação de espaços em tomadas de decisões. A B S T R A C TUrban or rural development entails anthropic pressure on water bodies, which can generate environmental, social and economic problems. In order to try to mitigate the impacts of the development projects, it is necessary first to know the characteristics of the hydrographic basin to be studied. The objective of this work is to characterize aspects related to geohydrology, morphology and morphometry of the Curuá-Una river basin, Santarém, Pará, concomitantly, to evaluate the influence of land use and occupation changes occurring in the basin between 1985 and 2015 in the Water regime. For this purpose, the software Mapwindow, LANDSAT image, digital elevation model and MGB-IPH plugin were used. The main results were: design of the drainage area with a value of 17,351.34 km2 and maximum width = 125.78 km; The land use and occupation classifications showed that the class of medium and high vegetation was reduced by 10.76%, and the anthropogenic class and exposed soil increased by 8.52% between 1985 and 2015; The type of yellow latosol soil covers an area of 833.64 km2; The drainage network tends to accumulate flow with high intensity in the Curuá-Una river, Moju river, Moju stream and Puraquê stream. The results for the evaluation of the influence of changes in soil use and land use in the water regime showed that the influence is not significant in the basin scale. The characterization of the Curuá-Una basin made possible the generation of base data capable of describing the hydrological behavior of the region and important metric data for space demarcation in decision-making.Keywords: Anthropogenic pressure, environmental problems, hydrographic basin, drainage network.