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Ben-Ayed, Morched. "People's participation in a rural development program in Tunisia : a case study /." MU online access free, to others for fee Free online access, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/preview?3052144.
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Yamile, Ntomboxolo. "Rural women in poverty alleviation projects: the Masihlumisane project." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7312.
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Masihlumisane (let’s grow together) is a community based project in a small rural community of Glenmore situated to the south of the Great Fish River Nature Reserve (GFRNR) and half way between Grahamstown and Peddie in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This rural community was established as a resettlement center during pre-1994 South African government forced removals (Hallett, 1994). Glenmore is economically and socially impoverished as there are few businesses, little economic activity and minimal social tradition in the settlement (Murray, 1989). This village is characterised by an out migration of people of an economically active age, high unemployment amongst residents, dysfunctional families due to parents living elsewhere in order to earn a living, and a youthful population desperate to obtain skills and experiences that will benefit them when they leave Glenmore in the future.
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De, Haan Nicoline C. "Stocking rural livelihoods : social capital, goats and development projects in Tanzania /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9962517.
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Mamotho, Mpho Benett. "Sustainable rural development projects in Ficksburg Local Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5751.
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The current study aimed to evaluation of a Rural Development project in this case the (Kabelo Trust), by evaluating the factors that contributes to its sustainability even though 70% of the members did not undergo high school education. Qualitative research methods was employed in gathering accurate information from the project members about the strategies that they are employing in sustaining the project while many government funded project does not last for even a year. The involvement of the stakeholders like Setsoto Local Municipality, the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform, the role they played in the project was also explored. It was therefore suggested by the researcher that the main stakeholder which is the Department of Agriculture should assist the project in establishing market for products in other countries.
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Williams, Dale. "A participatory approach to evaluating voluntary rural community-based organizations is an effective tool from organizational learning and ensuing rural community development, as evidenced in the participative evaluation of the Southern Riverina Rural Advisory Service /." View thesis View thesis, 1995. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030603.110449/index.html.
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Boakye-Agyei, Kwame. "Fostering civic engagement stakeholder participation in rural projects in Ghana /." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4543.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2009.Vita: p. 233. Thesis director: Susan Crate. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science and Public Policy. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed June 10, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 216-232). Also issued in print.
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Sommai, Prijasilpa Baker Paul J. "Perceptions of human resources development by accelerated rural development administrators." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1994. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9510430.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1994.Title from title page screen, viewed March 30, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Paul J. Baker (chair), John R. McCarthy, Larry D. Kennedy, Kenneth H. Strand. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-131) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Kidane, Gerbremariam T. "Assessment of Eritrean rural development projects and their impacts." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53726.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Development, a non-ceasing phenomenon as long as mankind has dwelt on this planet, IS a complex matter which encompasses the three bottom-lines, i.e. social, economic and environmental aspects and aims at improving the quality of life. In fact, development issues are always challenging countries and their leaders as they try to introduce strategies and projects to benefit their rural sector which constitutes, especially in developing countries, most of the population who are living in poverty and continuing to stagger in very destitute level. One of these countries is Eritrea, a nation of which more than 80% live in rural areas and which is rated one of the lowest twenty nations on the human development index (measurement of literacy, health and life expectancy status) as well as the human poverty index of which 53% of the population lived below national poverty line during the period of 1987 to 2000 (UNDP, 2002). This paper is an attempt to discuss rural development and how it is being implemented in relation to Eritrea's reconstructions and rehabilitation efforts that took place after its freedom from foreign occupation. It is an assessment on the rural projects' planning and implementation process, and eventually also looks at the impacts they have on the life of the beneficiaries. As a whole, this research paper consists of an introduction and nine chapters. It can be classified into five parts, i.e. the theoretical literature, the country's status in specific fields, the sample research areas, an overall synthesis and lastly conclusions and recommendations as one part. The theoretical background revolves around rural areas and their reasons for poverty, different development theories within which rural development could be seen as one ingredient, and focuses on participatory rural development where projects can play vital roles in changing life style especially when they are managed in an integrated way touching main areas of need. The second section of the paper is a general overview of the socio-economic status of Eritrea and some of the efforts made by the government. These are mainly the health, education, water supply, agriculture and darn construction projects, accomplished mainly by government in partnership with domestic and foreign NGOs, whereas the same time people contributed mainly in kind. In relation to these five projects the researcher has drawn up questionnaires and personally filled them in five villages, namely Sheeb, Ade-awhi, Korbariaya, Azien and Wara, while at the same time holding discussions with the beneficiaries. In this section the assessment of the people's state and their response in relation to the planning process as well as impacts of the projects on their lives have been made for every village. In other words, the chapter shows the practical data analysis of the research. The next is, in similar form, an overall synthesis of the research. The researcher weighs and analyses the results in relation to planning issues, especially how far the people played a role in participation and the extent of their influence as well as their contentment with the end result in comparison to their expectations. Moreover, it investigates the projects' impact on the environment, and their influence on the socio-economic lives of the beneficiaries, and then sees how the projects have been managed at institutional level and whether the policies that are in effect have direct influence on initiating rural development projects. Finally some conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made that could be a benchmark for further studies and provide impetus to accelerate the present rural development planning and implementation. The researcher may have overlooked some necessary elements or missed some basic factors in dealing the current way of initiating development. But with the resources were available and the time at his disposal, while faced by the limitations explained in the introductory section of the paper, the researcher has made some efforts to highlight his convictions to the best of his academic ability. The sole purpose of his final statements is based on his wish for more rural upliftment and long-term as well as sustainable benefit to the rural people of his country, Eritrea.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ontwikkeling, 'n verskynsel wat nie ophou nie, bestaan al so lank as wat daar lewe op die planeet bestaan. Dit is 'n ingewikkelde saak wat drie aspekte behels: die sosiale, ekonomiese en omgewings aspekte en die doel daarvan is om lewensgehalte te verbeter. Ontwikkelingskwessies stel 'n uitdaging aan die leiers van lande; die regerings moet stategië uitwerk en projekte van stapel stuur wat die landelike sektor sal bevoordeel en veral in ontwikkelende lande, woon die grootste gedeelte van die bevolking op die platteland waar hulle gebuk gaan onder armoede. Eritrea is een van hierdie lande. 80% van die mense van Eritrea woon op die platteland. Etritrea word gereken as een van die twintig onontwikkelste lande op die menslike ontwikkelings indeks (wat geletterdheid, gesondheid en lewensverwagting meet) en ook op die menslike armoede indeks. 53% van die bevolking het vir die tydperk 1987 tot 2000 onder die nasionale armoedelyn geleef (UNDP, 2002). In hierdie studie word landelike ontwikkeling bespreek en hoe dit geïmplementeer is tydens die rekonstruksie en rehabilitasie pogings na die onafhanklikheid van Eritrea. Dit is 'n waardebepaling van die beplanning en implementasie van die landelike projekte en kyk ook na die impak wat dit op die lewens van die landelike bevolking gehad het. In die geheel bestaan hierdie studie uit 'n inleiding en nege hoofstukke. Dit kan in vyf afdelings ingedeel word: teoretiese literatuur, die stand van die land betreffende spesifieke gebiede, die navorsingsgebiede, 'n oorsigtelike sintese en ten laaste die gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings. In die teoretiese agtergrond gaan dit om die landelike gebiede en die redes vir armoede, asook die ontwikkelingsteorië waarin landelike ontwikkeling gesien word as een bestandeel. Dit fokus op deelnemende landelike ontwikkeling waarin projekte 'n belangrike rol kan speel om die lewensgehalte te verbeter, veral as dit bestuur word op 'n geïntegreerde wyse en die grootste behoeftes aanspreek. Die tweede afdeling is 'n algemene oorsig van die sosio-ekonomiese stand van Eritrea en van die regering se pogings om dit te verbeter. Die vyf projekte wat betudeer is, is gemoeid met gesondheid, onderwys, water voorsiening, landbou en die konstruksie van damme. Die regering het hierdie projekte onderneem in vennootskap met plaaslike en buitelandse nie-regerings organisasies (NGOs) maar die bevolking self het ook 'n bydrae gemaak, gewoonlik in die vorm van arbeid. Met betrekking tot hierdie vyf projekte het die navorser vraelyste opgestel en dit persoonlik in die vyf dorpies naamlik Sheeb, Ade-awhi, Korbariaya, Azien en Wara voltooi terwyl hy dan ook besprekings met die bevolking gehou het. In hierdie afdeling word daar vir elke dorpie'n waardebepaling gedoen van die toestand van die mense en hulle reaksie op die beplanningsproses asook die impak van die projek op hulle lewe. Dan volg 'n oorsigtelike sintese van die navorsing. Die navorser weeg die resultate op en analiseer dit veral betreffende beplanning en tot hoe verre die mense self 'n rol gespeel het, hoeveel invloed hulle gehad het en of die resultaat aan hulle verwagtings voldoen. Die studie kyk ook na die impak van die projek op die omgewing en die invloed wat dit gehad het op die sosio-ekonomiese lewens van diegene wat veronderstel is om voordeel daaruit te trek. Daar word gekyk na hoe die projekte op hoër vlak bestuur is en of regeringsbeleid 'n invloed het op die beplanning van landelike ontwikkelingsprojekte. Dan word gevolgtrekkings en aanbeveling gemaak wat tot nut kan wees vir ander navorsers en kan lei tot beter en vinniger beplanning en implementasie van landelike ontwikkelings projekte. Die navorser het dalk per abuis sekere elemente en basiese faktore oorgesien maar met die hulpbronne en tyd tot sy beskikking asook die beperkings wat in die inleiding tot die studie bespreek word, het hy sy oortuigings op skrif gestel tot die beste van sy vermoë. Hy hoop dat sy aanbevelings sal lei tot groter landelike ontwikkeling op die lang termyn en dat die mense van sy land, Eritrea, die volgehoue voordeel sal trek.
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Pade, Caroline Ileje. "An investigation of ICT project management techniques for sustainable ICT projects in rural development." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002769.
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Poverty alleviation by means of rural development has become a priority among developing countries. In turn, rural development may be significantly enhanced and supported by Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), the use of which is highlighted by the emerging importance of information and knowledge as key strategic resources for social and economic development. An analysis of rural case studies where ICTs have been introduced, suggests that there are a number of barriers and constraints that are faced when taking advantage of these technologies. These include access to infrastructure, limited formal education, insufficient training and capacity building, financial and political constraints, and social and cultural challenges. These challenges threaten the success and sustainability of rural ICT projects. Sustainability is key to the effectiveness of a rural ICT project; therefore it is important to understand the concept and categories associated with ICT project sustainability in rural areas. The categories of sustainability which include social and cultural, institutional, economic, political, and technological, reveal critical success factors that need to be considered in the implementation and management of rural ICT projects. The project management discipline acknowledges the importance of understanding the project’s environment, particularly environmental factors associated with rural communities. The complexity of the environment therefore implies the need for a project to be undertaken in phases comprising the project life cycle. Project management practice for rural ICT project sustainability can therefore be examined, adapting the traditional project life cycle to a rural ICT project. A Rural ICT Project Life Cycle (RICT-PLC) that is sensitive to the critical success factors of sustainability is therefore proposed. In order to further investigate the phases of the life cycle of a rural ICT project, two case study investigations are explored: the Dwesa ICT community project, and the Rhodes University Mathematics Education Project (RUMEP) (MathsNet). A multiple case study analysis confirms the practices associated with the RICT-PLC model, and identifies additional characteristics, phases and practices associated with rural ICT projects. Finally, an enhanced RICT-PLC model is developed, that sets sustainability guidelines for ICT project management in rural areas and identifies the people, environments, technologies, systems, and requirements for ICTs to support rural development activities.
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Bertrand, Germain. "Coopératives et développement rural en Afrique noire étude comparée des expériences togolaise et congolaise /." Tours : Université François Rabelais, Unité d'enseignement et de recherche des sciences de l'homme, Département de sociologie, 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20687603.html.
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Bhattarai, Saroj K. "Monitoring and evaluation system for rural development projects in Nepal." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/508013.
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A monitoring and evaluation system for rural development projects has been designed for Nepal to assist the country in implementing the projects successfully. It has been developed specifically to keep track of projects and their progress, provide feedback to project management, help prevent and solve problems encountered during project implementation, and to simplify and streamline paper work. This system has been designed based upon the World Bank's recommendations. The system consists of various proformas designed to monitor and evaluate various project components through the selection of appropriate monitoring and evaluation indicators.Department of Urban Planning
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Kore, Shettar Shivanagappa F. Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Disparities in economic development; learning from the "growth centre" experiences of India's five year plans (1951-1985)." Ottawa, 1988.
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Gumede, Bonginkosi Mfanawelanga. "The significance of income generating projects in Kwa-Ngwanase area, KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1147.
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Submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the Masters of Art (Community Work) in the Department of Social Work University of Zululand, South Africa, 2001.This study is about the significance of income generating projects in Kwa-Ngwanase area. The study was conducted on poverty alleviation projects funded by the Department of Welfare and Population Development As an evaluative research, semi-structured interviews were conducted. A sample of twenty projects was drawn, fourty respondents were interviewed where two were from each project-Related literature has been reviewed that focuses on poverty alleviation and income generating projects. Various recommendations have been made based on the findings of the study. The findings of the study indicated a need for training project members in capacity building. Project members also need to be motivated in one way or the other so that they can develop a sense of ownership and work hard for the success of their own projects. The research findings indicated clearly that the strategies and policies were not effective enough in achieving the desired goals of poverty alleviation.
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Xipu, Ncedisa Tandile. "The effect of rural development projects on food security and malnutrition." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13447.
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The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of rural development projects on food insecurity and malnutrition at Siyazama food garden project in Sakhisizwe Municipality. The study followed a qualitative approach which included in-depth interviews of twenty-six (26) Siyazama food garden project members and four (4) municipal officials. The process of collecting data also made use of observations. Data was analyzed qualitatively, using thematic analysis of the content of the data, which employed an interpretative approach, resulting in a presentation of data, which is textual rather than statistical. The study found that the level of food insecurity and malnutrition in the studied area is still regarded as being high as most of the participants reported that they still have a problem in accessing all the vital nutritional elements which constitute a balanced diet. Also, the study also found that although most of the rural development projects like the Siyazama food gardening project have a profound effect in tackling food insecurity and malnutrition on household level, in South Africa there is a debate about the sustainability or such projects in solving this issue. The study found a number of challenges facing the Siyazama Food gardening project which include: theft, poor management, lack of support, lack of agricultural expertise and conflict amongst members. The study concluded by making some recommendations with to view of resolving the above mentioned challenges.
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Sabran, Mohammad Shatar. "Leadership the success of community development projects in Malaysia : two case studies /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9946293.
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Sansak, Avorn. "Empowering women in rural development : a collaborative action research project in Northern Thailand /." View thesis View thesis, 1996. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030520.111031/index.html.
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Tung, Chi-fat. "Developing a strategic plan for rural community development in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574390.
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Chanda, Ranabir. "The role of sustainable safe water projects in the rural development process." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.631729.
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The Joint Monitoring Project (JMP), an arm of the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organisation (WHO), in its Report in 2012 : Progress on Drinking Water & Sanitation, (WHO 2012) conceded that, in 2012, 783 million(mn) people remain without access to safe water. Most of them live in the rural areas of developing countries, are poor and some are physically vulnerable. The purpose of this work is an attempt to answer the question "What is the Role of Safe Water in the Rural Development Process?" through considering the questions "Why do rural water projects fail" and "What makes for sustainable rural water projects". Examining the importance of safe water to the development process, considering the reasons for the continuous failure of autonomous, self - governing "Operation and Maintenance" regimes, ascertaining why, despite the existence of substantial academic papers on the importance of "Sustainability", "Community Participation", "Empowerment", translating them into practice remain problematical, the paper will try and provide answers as to what could be done to overcome such failure. Political aspects, economic consequences and engineering designs, impact on the supply, delivery and pricing of safe water. Whilst there is a plethora of work covering each of the above areas, overarching narratives, integrating all aspects, are notable through their paucity. A secondary aim of the work is to rectify this deficit. The main method used is Case Studies covering work in three countries, across two continents, where rural water projects have not been given the degree of attention that they required. Interviews were conducted, with users, to determine operational success and in one particular instance installation and operation of a water project was carried out. The evidence suggests that a holistic approach to water projects i.e. its integration with other development plans with active community involvement and participation, and long term political and financial commitments at all levels, has the possibility of providing sustainable solutions for rural water provision and delivery, thereby making a significant contribution to the development process and to poverty alleviation. Format and Contents The thesis is in three parts. First the background, the political and operational context, analysis of social development as well as the conceptual framework and the methodology used, are considered. The second consisting of Case Studies, examines the organisation and engineering solutions, determining the lessons to be drawn. Finally, Conclusion draws together the disparate elements of community participation, engineering aspects, operation and maintenance of projects and allied matters in order to deduce what enables sustainability and infer the developmental consequences flowing from them. Whilst every effort has been made to refer to contemporary work, regrettably the water sector moves very slowly - international conferences where global decisions are taken, take place every 5 - 10 years and evaluation projects are over 10 - 15 year periods e.g. JMP on Water Supply and Sanitation (WS&S) reports in 2015, World Water Forum (WWF), last meeting in Marseilles 2012 considers follow - up to 2030, hence a fair number of references are almost 20 years old.
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Halim, Sadeka. "Rural development programmes : their impact on women : a Bangladesh study." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61071.
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Rural development is a serious problem in Bangladesh, and so is the situation of women. This thesis assesses the programmes offered by a particular non-governmental organization, the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), which simultaneously promote rural development and improve the status of women. This assessment is achieved by examining the functioning and impact of these programmes in a single village. The study is exploratory and uses qualitative methods, employing principally unstructured but in-depth interviews. Results indicate that most village women were aware of the need for improvement in the position of women, but interest, and thus active participation, was greater among those who were widowed or divorced. For these women, the programmes did succeed in raising their income through better technical knowledge, and in some ways improved their position in the family and society. They did not, however, succeed in raising their administrative knowledge, confining them to "women's only" projects, and did little to increase political empowerment.
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Tshabangu, Siphiwe Noster. "Impact of poverty alleviation projects on rural women in Bohlabela : Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/658.
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Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2005The purpose of this study was to explore women’s involvement in poverty alleviation projects and to examine the benefits that are derived from such projects. The Phutuma Development Project and Gottenburg Women’s Group are the projects which were studied. The methods used to conduct this study involved collecting data through questionnaires and interviews. The various stakeholders, project members as well as government officials from the departments of Health and Social Development were interviewed. This study is significant in that it can help the government in its efforts to assist the poor live a decent life, and to provide better services to communities. This study uncovers the kind of challenges that government departments and communities face when setting up poverty alleviation projects. The study recommends how this should be done to achieve optimum results.
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Sinethemba, Mbali. "Assessing the impacts of government agricultural projects on rural economic development in Ugu District Municipality." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1438.
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A thesis submitted to the Faculty Arts in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters in Community Work in the Department of Social Work at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2014Rural economic development is a priority for every government in the world, whether the country is developed, developing or Third World. In South Africa, 45.8% of the population lives in rural areas and are regarded as lower social class. Here unemployment is high and the educational level is low. As a result people rely heavily on government grants for their household income. Many factors contribute to this dependency, mostly the legacy of apartheid policies. The effect of the apartheid ideology tended to put economic development beyond the reach of black people through stripping them of resources and blocking advancement in their knowledge and capacities. Hence, the developmental efforts in the new democratic era has a focus on economic empowerment of women and people with disabilities, improvement of health standards in rural areas, bettering education using agriculture as the tool to achieve the proposed development. Many policies that are based on agriculture have been implemented to better people’s situation in South Africa. They include Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP), Growth, Employment and Redistribution Strategy (GEAR), Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP), Integrated Development Plans (IDP) and Integrated Sustainable Rural Development Strategy (ISRDS), to mention but a few. The study aimed at assessing the impacts of government agricultural projects in rural economic development while identifying proper strategies for effective agricultural project implementation in the rural areas. The results revealed that there has been creation of additional employment opportunities in agriculture which have also contributed to improvement of household food security, infrastructural development, informal and formal education. Measures promoting smallholder agricultural growth can be an effective strategy to reduce rural poverty, income inequality and can contribute significantly to poverty alleviation by raising rural incomes through agricultural productivity. Investing in agricultural development benefits the communities through better roads, storage, transport and other marketing infrastructures which generate farm and non-farm employment thus benefiting not only the project participants but also the community as a whole. However, the study concludes that local regional agricultural policies are needed for land access and use by women and youth especially, in order to enhance land market development and agriculture investment. These policies should include bettering financial credits available for project participants through simplifying the application processes and low interest payments.
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Whisken, Jarrell Braden. "An examination of the application of a geographical information system to rural development planning in Shixini Location, Transkei." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005505.
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Digital geographical information systems (GIS) are tools for handling spatial data. Initially developed in First World countries, the technology is fast being taken up as a tool for handling spatial information by many Third World countries. GIS has been used for any number of applications involving spatial data, one of its primary uses has been in various planning fields where the advantages offered to planners by the technology have been highlighted by a number of publications and studies. GIS has been actively used as an urban planning tool in South Africa since the mid-1980s, (Vosloo 1987) however its use as a tool for rural planning has not developed to the same extent. As early as 1986 reference was made to the possible advantages offered by GIS to rural planning in South Africa (Fincham 1986). Despite this early recognition, the use of GIS in the rural planning sphere remains negligible. This study examines the. possible reasons for this by attempting to answer the question, "is GIS appropriate to rural planning in South Africa?" A number of approaches to rural planning are practised in South Africa. This study examines the appropriateness of applying GIS to one of these approaches, rural community development planning. Components of the study included i) an examination of the issues affecting the use of GIS in the rural development field, achieved through the use of a literature and questionnaire survey and ii) a case study examining the feasibility of incorporating GIS as a tool to the Shixini Development Project, Transkei. The study does not examine the intricacies of rural development theory, but it does acknowledge the fact that the approach employed by an organisation to rural development will have important implications concerning the use of a GIS in a project. The approach adopted to a project affects amongst others the administrative structure, the planning process, the flow of spatial data and its use, and consequently the possible role of GIS. The Shixini Rural Development Project was classified as a community development project, and as a result the study concentrates on this approach to rural development. This may limit the study to a particular planning process, however most rural case studies will have certain aims and factors which are unique to its situation. In order to place the results of the Shixini case study in a wider context the results of the study are linked to the questionnaire and literature survey. From this basis the usefulness of GIS in the rural development sphere was examined. Available literature on GIS indicates that the majority of problems associated with GIS rarely reside with the technology itself but rather with its supporting mechanisms. The study identified and concentrated on these support mechanisms, both at the project level and what is referred to in the study as the operating environment in South Africa. The results of the study revealed that a number of problems exist with regard to the attitude with which GIS is regarded in development organisations. It was found that these attitudes are legitimately based on a number of problems associated with incorporating the technology into project based organisations. It was concluded that GIS was appropriate to rural community planning, but is presently limited to certain aspects of the planning process and possibly to certain applications.
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Msutu, Ntombethemba Lungisa. "Evaluation of community participation in a rural development project." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1665.
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People have their own different understanding of the meaning of participation. Thus cannot put one meaning to participation. As a woman who grew up in the rural areas for most of my life, I have witnessed the problems in most of the rural development projects. I have first ‐ hand experience of how the unavailability of these projects has affected the rural communities at large, at the same time, I have witnessed how those who have managed to get some of these projects started have benefitted more ways than one way in these rural development projects. Some of these projects have become a success and some have failed dismally. What contributed to the success or failure of these very important projects needs to be examined. More importantly, the level of community participation needs to be evaluated. Relatively few studies have been conducted to evaluate community participation in rural development projects. Some, if not most of the remote villages in the Eastern Cape Province are still without those basic necessities the government has promised, such as the building of houses and provision of clean water. Another sad story is that not enough is done to educate and empower rural communities about their basic rights and needs. Hence, one of the focal points to the study is to scrutinize the level of participation of the community, as some may be suffering from ignorance, apathy and lack of motivation. to scrutinize their level of participation (community participation). As some may be suffering from ignorance, apathy and lack of motivation.
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Rogers, Jennifer Claire. "The development and impacts of community renewable energy projects in rural Cumbria, UK." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551643.
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In the UK a consensus has emerged that renewable energy generation should be increased. Following public opposition to large-scale installations, interest has grown in the potential for community-based renewable energy developments, with high levels of local participation. Bottom up development processes are expected to deliver locally appropriate projects more likely to win public support, bring socio-economic and environmental benefits to rural areas and increase public engagement with sustainable energy issues. This thesis investigates the development and impacts of community renewable energy projects in rural Cumbria to assess the validity of these expectations. A series of in-depth case studies was undertaken to compare development of projects at different stages, with a focus on woodfuel heating. The research used an action research approach and grounded theory methodology for data analysis, as these techniques are appropriate for the study of complex, real-world problems. Abstract Title: Author: Submitted: The development and impacts of community renewable energy projects in rural Cumbria, UK Jennifer Claire Rogers, BSc October 2010 Considerable support for the concept of community-based renewable energy generation was found, alongside widespread enthusiasm for low-level participation in project development. Community-led project development was less attractive but can be successful in well-defined socially-cohesive communities where individuals have the skills, motivation and support to drive a bottom-up development process. Processes of project development as well as project outcomes were found to have positive impacts, although increased engagement with sustainable energy issues through community renewables did not necessarily lead to energy behaviour change. Overall the research indicated there is potential for community renewables which has by no means been realised yet, but that greater institutional support will be required for successful conversion of local ideas and enthusiasm into practical projects. Given that opportunities for community renewables are highly context-dependent the most effective support structures are likely to be locally-specific and responsive, and include more proactive approaches to identify and exploit opportunities with communities where independent local leadership does not emerge.
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Buvinich, M. J. R. "A methodology for evaluating rural development projects : a case study in Northeast Brazil." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356109.
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Aazami, Mousa. "The process and outcomes of people's participation in rural development projects in Iran." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408099.
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Bolana, Khayalethu Kenneth. "The role of the Dohne Agricultural Research Institute in rural agricultural development in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8198.
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The decline of sustainable farming in the past twenty years in the villages of Amahlathi Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province is a cause for concern as this has resulted in reduced food security and increased levels of poverty and unemployment in the villages. As this decline continues to escalate even to date, this study was intended to investigate the role that could be played by the Dohne Agricultural Research Institute in the reduction of poverty through sustainable agricultural activities in these villages. Using a case study of Kubusi village in Amahlathi Local Municiplality, data was gathered through interviewing farming and non-farming households as well as the extension officer for Kubusi village and Dohne officials in order to understand the reasons for and the nature of the decline in farming activities in the villages. The study was conducted against the background of sustainable liveIihood (SL) theory. Important findings revealed that economic factors, primarily lack of money to buy fence and hire tractors to plough are primary causes for the decline, this followed by the effects of global warming and the lack of interest by the young generation to participate in crop farming. The study recommends that the government of the Eastern Cape should intervene through the Dohne Agricultural Research Institute in reskilling rural people in modern farming methods and assisting rural farmers with inputs, primarily fence, tractors and irrigation systems.
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Tagarirofa, Jacob. "Assessing community participation in rural development projects: A case study of CARE Zimbabwe's Small Dams Rehabilitation Project (SDRP) in Mushagashe." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5358.
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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)The study sought to evaluate the challenges and opportunities for effective community participation in rural development projects in Zimbabwe through one case-study, and in turn to test the credibility of the popularized supposition that almost all contemporary development efforts characteristically embrace local participation. This matters as public participation is widely assumed to be an essential ingredient for the fruition of rural development efforts. The case examined was to achieve this aim. The research made use of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies in which various data gathering instruments were used. Among them were unstructured interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires. The discussion and analysis of data was enabled by the use of People-Centered Development (PCD) as a conceptual framework. Among other findings, a key insight of the research was that the level of community participation in this case is not only minimal, but it is also top down. This has much to do with the negative perceptions by facilitating agents of local people as passive recipients of externally crafted models of development and other factors such as the power dynamics within and between the community and other stakeholders. The research also found out other obstacles that militate against effective participation such as preferential treatment of other tribal groups by the facilitating agent, intra group conflicts and bureaucratic and political influence. Based on these findings, and consistent with the wider literature, a key recommendation of the research is that the nature of community engagement should be based on the principle of equal partnership among all stakeholders as this would encourage full cooperation and thus effective participation.
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Roberts, Michelle S. "Assessing participatory action research : a case study from the Lao PDR /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1090938622.
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Saha, Bisheswari. "Impact of the integrated rural development projects on the use of land and labour in Nepal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/321.
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Dube, Nobayethi. "Evaluating community participation in development projects." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2139.
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Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.Community participation is a concept that is frequently mentioned in community development. Practitioners in development believe that in order for projects to succeed, communities need to actively take part in designing, implementing and shaping the projects that affect them. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate community participation by measuring quantitative and qualitative indicators of participation. It is important to note that there are no universal indicators of participation. The thesis presents three projects as case studies. In order to measure participation in the three cases, the quantitative and qualitative indicators of participation of Oakley et al. are reviewed. The indicators are applied across all three cases and the analysis indicates whether they were high, low or absent. It is also important to note that to measure participation effectively requires one to spend lengthy periods at the project site and this proved to be a challenge, as will be shown in the thesis. The thesis also demonstrates that to a large extent community participation is contextual. Of the three projects, two were rural projects and one an urban project. The two rural projects, Mongoaneng Development Forum and TsweloPele Women‟s Co-operative, were initiated by members of the community and aimed at addressing issues of poverty. The urban project, Motherwell Youth Development Forum, was specifically targeting young people with the aim of providing them with skills. Key findings include the fact that each of the cases was highly diverse, and furthermore, when measuring these cases, a common thread was that not all participation indicators were present at any given stage. Another key finding is that co-operation amongst project members tends to yield positive results and the reverse yields negative results. Another finding relates to the sustainability of the projects, pointing to the fact that even though two of the cases were doing well, their sustainability was questionable.
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Hassouna, Khaled Mohamed. "The Role of Local Traditions in Participatory Planning for Successful Development Projects in Rural Egypt." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37638.
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This research examines participatory planning processes in rural Egypt, which was deemed successful by the local people. The purpose is to identify elements that caused these projects to be perceived successful. Using the normative participatory planning theory that is usually used in the West as a theoretical context, the research examined three successful development efforts in rural Egypt. Projectsâ publications and planning documents were reviewed to build a context for interviews. The projectsâ planners were interviewed for descriptions of their initial designs for the participatory planning processes employed. An opportunistic sampling technique was used to identify local participants who were interviewed for descriptions of their experiences in the planning processes.
The analysis suggests that the participatory planning processes implemented had the same stages as the normative planning process in the West. The thick description of the processes by the interviewees revealed subtle elements within the processes that governed the participantsâ evaluation.
Bedouin interviewees viewed consensus as the only valid mode of final agreement in indigenous peoplesâ decision-making processes. Bedouin participants were found to consider perceptions of time, and choice of space and language used in planning sessions to be extremely important, significantly impacting their evaluation of the process in which they took part. Long sessions that took place locally and were formatted in a traditional Bedouin manner were perceived more successful. Bedouin dialect and Bedouin hospitality employed during sessions also increased the perceived success of planning sessions. Such subtle Bedouin interpretation of elements of social environment guided their perceptions of the success or failure of the planning processes.
Government planning agencies and planners should integrate the indigenous peoplesâ traditional decision-making processes in their designs for participatory planning processes, when planning development projects. Also indigenous people should take responsibility to present their cultural methods to individuals and agencies involved in planning such development projects in their locale. This can lead to a change in the planning culture to engage in more organic, grassrootsâ processes. Community-based, organic-design processes will significantly increase the likelihood of achieving the full potential of a plan in the short and long term.Ph. D.
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Cameron, Susannah. "An examination of the use of Rapid Rural Appraisal methods for the evaluation of development projects in rural Vietnam." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24450.pdf.
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Thompson, Paul M. "The impact of flood control on rural development in Bangladesh : post evaluation of the Chandpur Project." Thesis, Middlesex University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254599.
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In Bangladesh flood mitigation strategies have concentrated on embankments. However, due to a perceived lack of success with this strategy and high returns to irrigation development, the emphasis in water management switched towards small scale irrigation. Serious floods in 1987 and 1988 have renewed interest in flood mitigation. However, there is a lack of detailed evidence on the impacts of embankments. This study provides just such evidence. The study comprises a detailed post-evaluation of a major flood control, drainage and irrigation project, the Chandpur Irrigation Project. The results show that the project has been successful in reducing normal monsoon water levels, with consequent changes in cropping patterns to higher yielding varieties. However, a with-without comparison revealed that expected yields (allowing for risks of flooding and drainage problems) were less than predicted due to drainage problems within the project, whereas non-project expected yields are as predicted. Hence agricultural output has increased substantially, but output and its value are less than anticipated. Household incomes in the project are 25&37 higher (on average) than in control areas, but this is because larger landowners have gained from greater returns to agriculture (for example, from preferential access to irrigation), and diversifying into other occupations. Some households have gained by selling land and obtaining salaried jobs elsewhere or by becoming traders. By comparison small landowners may be slightly less prone to losses in flood years but have not moved into surplus. Landless labourers have similar incomes inside and outside the project; real wages are unchanged, and increased work has not compensated for population growth. Inside the project changes in landholding category have been fewer than outside. Open water fish populations have been reduced by the embankment, particularly affecting poor households. However, fish cultivation has expanded more than in flood prone areas, benefiting pond owners and enabling professional fishermen to maintain their incomes (at the cost of greater dependence on larger landowners). Improved methods of post-evaluation (which have implications for appraisal of new projects) are developed to incorporate flood risks and consequent yield reductions and non-agricultural damages, and to standardise economic valuation. Applying these methods revealed that the Chandpur Project has been, despite an uneven distribution of benefits, relatively successful (an economic rate of return of at least 5%). Although there are some project specific reasons for this success, this project has suffered many problems typical of embankment in Bangladesh. Hence embankments are potentially important for the future economic development of Bangladesh - by reducing damage and disruption and increasing agricultural output. The study concludes with recommendations for improved flood plain planning in Bangladesh, using detailed flood loss data and improved appraisal methods, to ensure that choice of flood mitigation strategies and investments are rational, and that all public investments take flood risks into account.
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Hamunakwadi, Purity. "Successes and challenges of women's income generating projects in Zimbabwe." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6810.
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Women’s income-generating projects are regarded as a critical area in promoting sustainable livelihoods in the lives of the poor. This study centres on a cattle project in Sadomba village in Nyanga District, Zimbabwe. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role and contributions of income-generating projects with regard to women; the necessary conditions for a successful cattle production project; the major challenges in women’s income-generating projects, and how income-generating projects can be strengthened, all in relation to this cattle project.The study is underpinned by the sustainable livelihood approach and literature on micro-financing of women’s projects in various countries. The study is based on qualitative methodology using a case study design and methods of data collection included semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation. The data was analysed using thematic analysis and sub-themes that arose in the study and thereafter all the data was grouped by a process of coding. The results indicated that the Sadomba cattle project has benefited the project members in terms of income generation by the selling of cattle and milk, for agricultural purposes (draught power) and also income they obtained from hiring their cattle to other community members in rainy seasons. The income generated has assisted them to send their children to school and attain higher education.In addition, it promotes community engagement when they share paddocks and dip tanks. However, despite these benefits, they face a number of challenges such as long distances to the market, a lack of microcredit and the unavailability of exotic breeds. Therefore, there is need to integrate the conditions that are necessary for successful income generating projects to the Sadomba cattle project.
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Mbatha, Mfaniseni Wiseman. "The sustainability of agricultural projects in enhancing rural economic development in Msinga local municipality." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/2013.
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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Development Studies in the Department of Anthropology and Development Studies at the University of Zululand, 2019.The South African government’s target was to ensure a significant growth in rural economies through appropriate prioritisation of the agricultural sector. This study analyses the sustainability of agricultural projects in enhancing rural economic development in Msinga Local Municipality. This study employed mixed methods approach with a convergent parallel design to analyse the sustainability of agricultural projects toward enhancing rural economic development. The participants of this study consisted of households (n=180), key informants (n=6) and focus groups (n=5). Data were collected through the use of document analysis, questionnaires, focus group discussion and semi-structured interviews. Content analysis and SPSS with descriptive statistics and cross tabulation were used to analyse and categorise the data in order to obtain the objectives of the study. The study found that there is high level of community participation in subsistence agricultural sector within the study area. However, subsistence agriculture has shown to be unsustainable due to low productivity caused by adverse climate change conditions. Some aspects of the results specified that MLM is mostly dominated by subsistence farming. Subsistence farming is facing challenges that puts its sustainability in jeopardy. While on the one hand subsistence farming sector does not allow farmers to sell their produce to the market. On the other hand, it usually serves as a source of ensuring food availability at a household level. The issue of climate change have a negative impact on the productivity of agricultural projects due to the inadequate rainfall and water scarcity for irrigation. The deficiency in infrastructural services has turned to be a constraint to small scale farmers in their quest to access the market. There is poor availability of transport facilities and market place where farmers can sell their produce. The results also showed that lack of skills, knowledge and information amongst farmers is a problem that destructively impacts on the ability of agriculture to contribute in improving rural economic development. It is recommended that the Department of Agriculture provides adequate training to assist rural small scale farmers in order to maintain the sustainability of agricultural projects. The study also recommends that both local municipality and Department of vii Agriculture should motivate subsistence farmers to engage in agricultural activities as corporations, so that these farmers cannot struggle in scouting financial resources. Lastly, further research should analyse challenges that constrain the transformation of rural subsistence farming sector to reach the level of small scale farming sector.
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Masood, Muhammad Tahir. "Further development and application of computer-assisted creativity to rural road resources management projects." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53642.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the part of computer science concerned with designing computer systems, that is, systems that exhibit the characteristics we associate with intelligence in human behavior--understanding language, learning, reasoning, solving problems, and so on. Many believe that insights into the nature of the mind can be gained by studying the operation of such programs. The AI concept has formed the basis for developing the computer-assisted creativity techniques called The Computer Consultant (TCC), and The Idea Machine (TIM).
TIM has, so far, been applied to topics in the engineering and "hard sciences" fields. In this study these techniques are presented/reviewed in detail and the research concentrated on the expansion/development of a methodology for computer—assisted creativity. This research will help in further evolution of TIM into a richer process for idea generation and general problem solving, and in enhancing the application capabilities. This is done by: (1) expanding the conceptual and ideas data bases from which analogies can be drawn; (2) conducting comprehensive trials with TIM to establish its strengths and limitations; and (3) doing research on techniques for the screening and packaging of ideas techniques.
Rural road projects are an important part of rural development programs in the Third World countries. For some years the construction of such road projects, funded in part by international donor agencies, has been a subject of some controversy. Most policy makers in the developing or underdeveloped countries support the practice of expanding the rural dirt (unpaved) roads rather than spending limited resources on maintenance. Some donor agencies are now inclined to only support maintenance-biased road projects.
A similar situation arose in Pakistan where the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) proposed to fund a road resources development project in the Sind Province. This real life situation is selected as a basis for developing a road resources management model, and generating ideas using TIM. These ideas are screened and packaged to be used in revising the model for further trials.
The application of TIM to this problem from the civil engineering field results in some useful outputs. This study provides a good basis for further enhancing TIM capabilities.Ph. D.
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Makgamatho, Kedibone Grace. "Funding rural development in South African municipalities." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95596.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.The main purpose of this research paper is to reveal the importance of rural development with the aim of making municipalities the main drivers of rural development - this in an effort to stimulate and increase economic participation for rural people. The study seeks to understand the intervention by municipalities in accelerating rural development, how municipalities are currently implementing and funding development programmes to improve the lives of rural people. Rural development has been a key strategy to develop the lives of rural people in many countries around the globe. The concept has somewhat been paired in other countries with the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In the new South Africa, the rural development concept has been revived through the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP), which intended to eliminate the inequality that was brought by the apartheid system. Many other programmes of development or rather, rural development, were introduced to bridge the gap between the poverty-stricken areas/individual and those who have access to resources for the betterment of their lives. The signs of poverty are, however, still visible in many parts of South Africa, with insignificant signs of improved lives, mostly for rural areas, regardless of the programmes that have been initiated by government since the democratic elections took place in 1994. Thus, the effectiveness of rural development policies and implementation of associated programmes are still questionable. Municipalities are mandated to implement the rural development programmes by default, as they are closer to beneficiaries and communities on the ground. Thus, enabling municipalities to steer these development programmes is a good bottom-up approach to development as opposed to national level undertaking to implement these programmes from the top. However, municipalities have also proved to have their challenges, including challenges of sourcing funding, which then make the drive and implementation of these development ideas difficult to carry out. The study reveals that funding of rural services or anything that is rural in nature, has become very difficult. Thus, this study investigated how municipalities strive to raise funding for rural development in an effort to improve rural people’s lives. The related factor that has been investigated is the capabilities and capacity of municipalities to implement the development programmes. The study also explored the current development situation on how municipalities have been able to carry out the development mandates and what has been the impact of rural development programmes/policies since they have been developed to breach the gap of inequality in the country. Indication by municipalities is that most of their funding is from the government through the Municipal Infrastructure Grants (MIG) and Equitable Share. However, this funding does not necessarily encompass funding for rural development programmes but rather is for normal capital expenditure, operational expenditure to enable basic service delivery projects, such as water and electricity. The results have indicated that rural development projects are not specifically or necessarily budgeted for, but they are dealt with on a case-by-case basis or as and when rural development ideas are thought of. Regarding the institutional capacity of municipalities, most of the municipalities within the sample (72%) indicated that there is lack of adequate and skilled labour to address the challenges and priorities of rural development. The above challenges have led to municipalities realising a minimal impact for rural development and the inability to prove and point out in any way, the improvement of rural people’s lives. Perhaps some of this depends on how municipalities and communities understand rural development. The study revealed that most municipalities understand rural development as improvement of rural people’s lives and understood rural development as the provision of rural services and infrastructure. This thought is correct regarding rural development, however, the challenges of minimal impact experienced by municipalities could be linked to the limited funding that is being provided for rural development. The consensus is that funding of rural development has been minimal and there has to be more interaction to ensure it is as a priority like other programmes planned and budgeted for by government. There is a need for municipalities to be properly capacitated with skills and technical assistance to take forward the rural development mandate. In the process, municipalities should be able to allocate funds provided either by government or by private sector institutions to avoid rural development projects being funded by chance. To reduce the poverty lines that are visible in most rural areas, rural communities also need to be given training to allow them the mobility to grow those rural development programmes being introduced by government and municipalities, thus sustaining their lives in the long term. Collaboration is of importance, thus different stakeholders should be involved to assist municipalities in accelerating the rural development agenda.
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Furber, Alison Mary. "Social and cultural context of rural water and sanitation projects : case studies from Ghana." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6692.
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The research underpinning this work took place in the context of two rural water and sanitation projects carried out in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The focus of study was on the way engineers can make water and sanitation projects more sustainable. In particular, emphasis was placed on the broad range of non-technical factors engineers need to incorporate into the design of water and sanitation systems and the processes they need to follow in order to achieve this, looking specifically at the implications of community participation for design process, project management and health and safety management. The current high failure rate of rural water and sanitation projects provided the impetus for carrying out this work. There is an urgent need to improve engineering ability to provide vital life-saving infrastructure in developing countries as this infrastructure is a pre-requisite for poverty reduction. A critical realist perspective framed the research to allow socially constructed realities to be combined with scientific and technical facts, and to allow inquiry in a ‘real world’ scenario where variables cannot be controlled individually. The research questions were explored through the author’s involvement in two community development projects involving water and sanitation system implementation. The key methods employed were interview, both informal and group, observation and reflection. The contribution to knowledge made by this investigation is an increased understanding of the relevance of social and cultural context for engineers engaged in rural water and sanitation infrastructure provision through exploration of these issues in a particular context. Also examined are health and safety aspects of rural water and sanitation projects where the community participate in construction. Whilst health and safety had been explored in a developing country context there is a lack of previous work looking at these issues in a community self-construction context. It was found that a broad range of factors need to be considered in the engineering design of water and sanitation systems if projects are to have a chance of being sustainable in the long term. In order to understand and design appropriately for the context of rural projects with direct community involvement it is necessary to adapt the engineering process to incorporate community participation fully into the design and construction of water and sanitation facilities. Where communities are involved in construction particular issues arise with regards to health and safety management; many of the issues originate in the socio-cultural context and motivations for community members to engage in hazardous construction activities need to be understood and considered to properly manage the construction process. To truly incorporate the ideas of local communities into engineering design, engineers need a greater awareness of the assumptions they hold arising from their scientific outlook. Further research is required in different contexts in order to more clearly define the boundaries of the findings of this study and begin to overcome the limitations of the case study method. However, this research contributes to understanding how engineers can improve their designs of water and sanitation infrastructure and the processes they use to create more sustainable projects by looking at these issues in one particular context. This contribution adds to understanding of how a lack of access to water and sanitation infrastructure in rural regions of developing countries can be overcome, which is ultimately necessary to meet the Millennium Development Goals and as a pre-requisite to reducing poverty in the developing world.
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Tapping, Laura. "REDD+ Projects Providing Sustainable Livelihoods for Rural Communities? An Assessment of Voluntary Carbon Offsetting Projects in Peru and Tanzania." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-421806.
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The voluntary carbon market, the area of focus for this thesis, developed alongside the compliance carbon market when individuals and organisations elected to compensate for their CO2 emissions. The steep growth in demand for voluntary carbon offset credits stemmed from the 2015 Paris Agreement. Climate issues were firmly on the agenda and carbon offsetting was viewed as a way for countries to meet their carbon reduction targets in efforts towards mitigating climate change. Since then, there has been a shift to natural climate solutions, namely forestry and land use carbon projects. The ideal host location for such projects oftentimes have an existing, usually poor, population. Project developers claim to help such populations by providing community benefits such as job creation and improved agricultural practices. However, there is a gap in the research which focuses on the future of these communities after the projects, and how sustainable the benefits are. This thesis examines the community benefits of two REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) projects: Alto Mayo Conservation Initiative, Peru and Yaeda Valley REDD Project, Tanzania. Interviews with project developers are cross-referenced with project documents and other available sources to analyse the sustainability of the livelihood impacts. The results show that the positive impacts of voluntary carbon projects on a local community can be sustained post-project. Overall, the well-being of community members can improve, as can decision-making skills and capacity levels. Project participants can become more adaptable to shocks as their livelihoods have diversified and they have stronger links with international markets. This link with international markets, however, can also become a barrier to livelihood benefits. As local people become reliant on market demand and project funds, they move away from subsistence farming and when demand drops, they may find it hard to prosper. Additionally, there is a risk that following the departure of the project and its developers, more malevolent and powerful parties may move into the area. To overcome these barriers, livelihood diversification opportunities need to be strengthened and land tenure issues clarified.
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Nemanashi, Fhatuwani Rolet. "An evaluation of local economic development projects in the Mutale Municipality in the Limpopo Province with reference to the case of MTT and RCP stone crushing projects." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/844.
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Kamuzora, Faustin, Tom R. Franks, I. Goldman, David Howlett, F. Muhumuza, T. Tamasane, and Anna L. Toner. "Goodbye to Projects? - Briefing Paper 5: Lessons from the rural livelihoods interventions." Thesis, Bradford Centre for International Development, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2961.
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YesThis briefing paper reports on research exploring four detailed case studies of rural livelihoods interventions operating in Tanzania, South Africa and Uganda. Analysing these interventions through an audit of sustainable livelihood `principles¿ (as a proxy for best practice) reveals general lessons about both the practical opportunities and challenges for employing sustainable livelihoods approaches to the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of development interventions.
Department for International Development
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May, Peter Herman. "A modern tragedy of the non-commons agro-industrial change and equity in Brazil's babassu palm zone /." [Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University], 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/15080259.html.
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Raižytė, Daiva. "Kaimo plėtros projektų rengimo analizė ir tobulinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050526_124037-86235.
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The subject of the investigation is the arrangement of rural development projects. The aim of the work is to formulate recommendations for the perfection of the arrangement of rural development projects. The tasks: — to fulfill the analysis of scientific literature and other secondary references of information and summarize the methods of design arrangement; — to identify the peculiarities of the projects of rural development; — to establish the problems of the arrangement of rural development projects; — to formulate recommendations for the organizers of rural development projects. The methods of investigation of a questionnaire, logical analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, comparing, filing, the methods of logical and diagrammatic modeling. While studying the scientific literature about rural development and projects arrangement of rural development have been presented; the general theoretic aspects requirements of projects arrangement have been established; the analysis of the requirements of different financial support sources have been fulfilled; the methodical aspects of projects arrangement according to secondary data and the characteristic of the arrangement of rural development projects have been defined; the problems of the arrangement of rural development projects according with the help of empirical research have been estimated and the recommendations of the perfection of the arrangement of rural development projects have been formulated.
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Deponti, Cidonea Machado. "Intervenção para o desenvolvimento rural : o caso da extensão rural pública do Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/35398.
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A extensão rural é uma importante ferramenta de intervenção no meio rural vinculada à ideia de desenvolvimento. A EMATER/RS-ASCAR é a Agência oficial, principal operacionalizadora das políticas públicas da Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária, Pesca e Agronegócio (SEAPPA-RS) com elevada capilaridade presente em 98% dos municípios. A EMATER/RS-ASCAR sofreu diversas críticas ao longo de sua história e, recentemente, enfrenta uma série de dificuldades: crise financeira, decorrente do corte de recursos públicos pelo governo do Estado; dificuldade operacional; necessidade de redefinição das fontes de financiamento; demissão em massa de empregados; insegurança no quadro funcional; aumento da carga de trabalho. Esta tese formula como objetivo geral analisar a intervenção para o desenvolvimento rural realizada pela extensão rural pública do Rio Grande do Sul, buscando compreender sua trajetória institucional, a ação extensionista e os determinantes da crise atual. Para respondê-lo, foi realizada pesquisa de campo, adotando-se como referencial teórico a Perspectiva Orientada ao Ator (POA). Após análise dos dados secundários e material documental, levantamento de dados primários, a partir de entrevistas com roteiros semiestruturados com 42 interlocutores e observação, conclui-se que as ações com viés difusionista ainda estão presentes na EMATER/RS-ASCAR, nas mais variadas situações e momentos. A Agência apresenta um vício de abordagem, marcado por métodos tradicionais de extensão. No entanto, destaca-se que paralelamente, também são realizadas atividades participativas, com caráter dialógico. A ação extensionista depende de cada extensionista e, assim como a Agência, apresenta um conjunto diverso de perfis. Consequentemente, há uma variedade de posturas. Conclui-se também que as situações de interface social permitiram, na prática, visualizar como ocorre o processo de negociação dos projetos de desenvolvimento propostos pela Agência; como os agentes envolvem os outros em seus projetos, apresentando margem de manobra; como ocorre o ajuste realizado nos projetos em fase de implementação; e, verificar a construção do conhecimento híbrido, resultado do processo de apropriação; a formação e mobilização de redes de interface e conhecimento, denotando a capacidade de agência. E, também analisar a reação por parte dos agricultores a todo processo, desde seu empoderamento,quando a dinâmica de interface é estabelecida até as formas cotidianas de resistência, quando o próprio silêncio denota poder, quando esse poder pode se manifestar por intermédio da subordinação e submissão estratégica. Por fim, conclui-se que o rumo que a EMATER/RS-ASCAR irá seguir dependerá de algumas decisões tomadas pela Agência relativas à sua compreensão sobre o desenvolvimento, a forma de atuação, a ação dos extensionistas e da repercussão de sua importância para a sociedade e para o Estado.The rural extension is an important intervention tool in the rural area connected to the idea of development. EMATER/ASCAR is the official agency, the main operational public politics of the Secretary of Agriculture, Pecuary, Fishing and Agro business (SEAPPA-RS) with high capillarity in 98% of the municipal districts. EMATER/ASCAR suffered several critics along its history and, recently, it faces a series of difficulties: financial crisis, due to the cut of public resources by the State Government, redefinition of the financial sources, dismissal in mass, insecure climate in the functional staff and increasing the work burden. This thesis formulates as a general objective to analyse the intervention for the rural development accomplished by the public rural extension in Rio Grande do Sul trying to understand its institutional trajectory, the extentionist action the present crisis determinants. To answer it a field research was accomplished, adopting as theorical framework Actor Oriented Approach (POA). After analyzing secondary data and documental material rising of primary data starting from interviews with semi-structured scripts with 42 workers and participants observation it is concluded with difusionist ideas are still present at EMATER/ASCAR in many different situations and moments. The Agency presents a vicious approach stablished by traditional methods of extention; even though, it is noticed that, parallely, participative activities are also accomplished, with dialogical character; the extentionists actions depend on each extentionist, and as if, the Agency presents a different group of profiles, consequently, there is a variety of postures. It is also concluded that the situation of social interface allowed, in practice, to visualize how the negotiation process of the development projects proposed by the Agency; as the agents involve the other ones in their projects presenting maneuver margin as the adjustment accomplished in the projects occurs in the implementation phase; and verify the construction of the hybrid knowledge result of the appropriation process; the formation and mobilization of interface nets and knowledge, denoting the agency capacity. And, also, the reaction of the farmers to every process from their empowerment when the interface dynamics is stablished to the forms of daily resistance, when the own silence denotes power, when this power can be showm through subordination and submission strategic. Finally, it is concluded that the way EMATER/ASCAR will follow will depends on some decisions taken by the Agency related to its understanding about the development, the action way, the extentionists action and the repercussion of its importance to society and to the state.
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Sansak, Avorn. "Empowering women in rural development : a collaborative action research project in northern Thailand." Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/722.
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The development policy and plans of the Thai government have emphasized economic growth aimed at 'modernising' the country, enacted through agricultural modernisation and industrialisation under the name 'rural development'. Women In Development (WID) approaches based on the modernisation model have been added to 'development' plans more recently. Examination of the effects of these WID programmes upon rural women demonstrates that poor women are disempowered by the 'top-down' rural development programmes. This study is an attempt to test collaborative action research (CAR) as a methodology to empower rural women to become the decision makers in the rural development process. CAR was carried out in Sandee Village, northern Thailand. This suggests that rural women can be empowered through continuous cycles of the collaborative learning process of planning, acting, observing and critical reflection with the researcher acting as a facilitator. Through this learning process, rural women have increased their capacity to make choices, to deal with existing constraints and to create changes. In this respect 'development' can be initiated from within.
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Fischer, Alexandra A. "Integrating rural development and conservation, the impacts of agroforestry projects on small farmers in Panama." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0027/MQ36439.pdf.
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Hassan, Fatima Abdirahman. "Impact of community participation as part of standard project formalities and its effect on the project outcome." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53458.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The fundamental purpose of this study is to establish the extent to which theory and practice relate in the context of community participation. The point of departure is to understand what participation entails and the methodologies available to the development practitioner. As illustrated by the case study, there is a meaningful relationship between theory and the practicing of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), which is the methodology of choice for the project. Although the PRA techniques were utilized in gathering data for the project, many of the key decisions were made independently of the community. This brings to light the controversy between technical expertise on the one hand and to what extent the community should be included in any decisions made at this technical level, especially since they may only end up rubber-stamping the professional's opinions anyway. The question arises whether or not the whole concept of empowerment is simply a utopian concept. This is by no means an easy question to answer. However, the case study does illustrate that participation can be harnessed to achieve a successful project. It is important to note that even in difficult circumstances where 'dependency' has taken root, there exists hope that the people can actively participate in the project. It also reinforces the urgency of the need to actively encourage social change that will inspire people towards participation. This has been viewed for too long by the local people as the domain of the educated only. It is therefore important that development agencies create awareness of participation since it cuts across all their projects.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om vas te stel tot watter mate teorie en praktyk met mekaar verband hou binne die konteks van gemeenskapsdeelname in die bestuur van gemeenskapsprojekte. Die vertrekpunt van die studie is die verstaan van wat deelname behels, en watter metodologieë beskikbaar is vir ontwikkelingspraktisyns. Soos deur die gevallestudie geïllustreer, is daar 'n verband tussen die teorie en die praktiese gebruik van "Participatory Rural Appraisal" (PRA), die tegniek wat deur die spesifieke projek gebruik word. Alhoewel die PRA tegniek aangewend is, word baie van die belangrike besluite onafhanklik van die gemeenskap gemaak. Dit plaas 'n fokus op die kontroversiële posisie wat bestaan tussen tegniese insette aan die een kant en die mate waartoe gemeenskappe op hierdie tegniese vlak aan besluite moet deelneem, veral aangesien hierdie tipe deelname slegs op die roetine-goedkeuring van professionele sienswyses mag uitloop. Dit vra die pertinente vraag of deelname nie slegs 'n utopiese konsep is nie. Hierdie is nie 'n maklike vraag om te antwoord nie, maar, die gevallestudieondersoek ondersteun wel die idee dat deelname ingespan kan word om positiewe resultate vir 'n projek te verseker. Dit is belangrik om daarop te let dat selfs waar 'n sindroom van afhanklikheid ontwikkel het, die hoop bestaan om gemeenskappe aktief in projekte te laat deelneem. Hierdie beklemtoon die belangrikheid daarvan om sosiale verandering aan te moedig ten einde 'n positiewe ingesteldheid teenoor deelname te inspireer. Vir te lank reeds sien plaaslike gemeenskappe hierdie as die terrein slegs van opgeleide persone. Dit is dus belangrik dat ontwikkelingsagente aandag skenk daaraan om gemeenskappe te sensiteer rakende deelname, aangesien dit die suksesvolle uitvoering van al hulle projekte raak.
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Bila, Tsakani Ephraim. "An investigation into the impact of implementation of the Rural Development Strategy in Muyexe Village in the Greater Giyani, Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1053.
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Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2013The study was conducted to examine the impact of the implementation of the comprehensive rural development programme, President Zuma referred to it as the integrated rural develooment in is presidential inaugural speech in 2009. The researcher went to Muyexe village to conduct the research as well as to observe what took place. The researcher interviewed community members as well as community leadership who indicated how the community has been transformed to what it was, which they described a squalor living condition to what it is today, a community that meets the most basic needs required for sustainable livelihood. The people of Muyexe owe their changed fortunes to the government’s Comprehensive Rural Development Programme developed and coordinated by the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform. Sector departments and other development agencies were mobilised to work together towards a common goal to improve the lives of rural people. The intervention brought numerous changes to the community of Muyexe village. The lives of the community has been improved, through the intervention the community now have access to health care, early child hood development centre, community multi community centre, and so forth. The community spoke fondly of the reduction in crime and the killings of their cattle by wild animals; the reduction is caused by the establishment of the police station and the fencing around of the village. Despite what had been achieved by the intervention, Government should regard what happened as an initial intervention to focus on meeting people’s basic needs, especially food security. The next step should be the entrepreneurial stage and large scale infrastructure development.
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Mateus, Fernando Oliveira. "Dinamizando a economia local com o acesso ? energia el?trica: os Centros Comunit?rios de Produ??o como alternativa para potencializar os resultados do Programa Luz para Todos." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2115.
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Throughout History, electricity has proven to be an important vector for development. In general, national Human Development Indexes ? HDIs have evolved in straight correlation with the country?s per capita consumption of electric energy. In line with this inference, Brazil set a legal framework that requires universal access to electric energy. Such universal access still hasn?t been reached though, in spite of successive rural electrification programs in the past and the LUZ PARA TODOS (LIGHT FOR ALL), in course since 2003. In the wake of these programs, as a strategy to effectively turn energy into a vector for development, ELETROBRAS conceived the implementation of community projects to benefit the production of communities that receive electrification and demonstrate vocation to a given economic activity, thus fostering the local economy. These projects were named Community Centers for Production ? CCPs, which have been implemented in rural Brazil with the support of ELETROBRAS or the MINISTRY OF MINES AND ENERGY itself. However, the number of implemented CCPs still falls short of Brazil?s needs, and, judging by the CCP cases addressed in this study, the consolidation of a specific program to better explore the productive potential of Brazilian rural communities is well deserved. Currently, the biggest challenge is delivering electrification to communities in remote regions, which cannot be connected to conventional power grids. In these locations, electrification must be done mainly with photovoltaic systems, which are substantially more expensive. As it happens in regions electrified with conventional power grids, electrification may offer Brazilians living along rivers and in remote regions not only access to the comforts of lighting and refrigerating food, but also a sustainable way of generating income and/or promoting their own food security. Among the challenges to the implementation of CCPs in rural Brazil and especially in remote regions, we highlight the elaboration of projects, and the lack of regular financing to fund equipments that could benefit the local production. As alternative, we point out possible institutional arrangements with agents of complementary vocations, organized with the Avant-garde Entities developed by the Alberto Luiz Coimbra Post-graduation and Research Institute in Engineering ? COPPE, using regulatory resources already available in the electricity sector that nowadays are exclusively destined to R&D projects. For CCPs in remote regions of northern Brazil, the Amazon Fund, run by the National Social and Economic Development Bank ? BNDES, could also be used
Ao longo da hist?ria tem se verificado que a eletricidade ? um importante vetor de desenvolvimento dos povos. De modo geral, os ?ndices de Desenvolvimento Humano-IDH dos pa?ses t?m evolu?do com estreita correla??o com o consumo per capta de energia el?trica. Alinhado com essa constata??o foi definido no Brasil um Marco Legal que exige a universaliza??o do acesso ? energia el?trica. Tal universaliza??o ainda n?o foi alcan?ada, apesar de sucessivos programas de eletrifica??o rural do passado e do PROGRAMA LUZ PARA TODOS-PLpT, em curso desde 2003. Na esteira desses programas, como estrat?gia para que a energia seja efetivamente um vetor de desenvolvimento, foi idealizado pela ELETROBRAS que tamb?m pudessem ser implementados empreendimentos comunit?rios para beneficiar a produ??odaquelas comunidades que seriam atendidas e que tivessem uma reconhecida voca??o produtiva, de modo a dinamizar a economia local. A esses empreendimentos deu-se o nome de Centros Comunit?rios de Produ??o-CCP, que foram implantados em algumas localidades do interior brasileiro com o apoio da pr?pria ELETROBRAS ou pelo pr?prio MINIST?RIO DE MINAS E ENERGIA. Entretanto, o n?mero de unidades implementadas ainda ? muito aqu?m do que a realidade brasileira exige e, a julgar pelos exemplos de CCPs abordados no presente estudo, merece que se consolide um programa espec?fico para que o potencial produtivo das comunidades rurais brasileiras possa ser mais bem explorado. O maior desafio atual ? o atendimento das popula??es das regi?es isoladas, que n?o podem ser interligadas ?s redes convencionaisde distribui??o el?trica. Nessas localidades, o atendimento dever? ser feito, principalmente, por sistemas fotovoltaicos de gera??o, que s?o substancialmente mais caros. Tal como ocorre nas regi?es atendidas com redes el?tricas convencionais, o processo de eletrifica??o pode oferecer aos brasileiros ribeirinhos ou que vivem em regi?es remotas, n?o apenas o acesso aos confortos da ilumina??o e refrigera??o de alimentos, mas tamb?m uma forma sustent?vel de se obter renda e/ou promover a sua seguran?a alimentar. Dentre os gargalos que t?m dificultado a implementa??o dessas unidades produtivas no interior brasileiro e em especial nas regi?es isoladas, neste trabalho o autor destaca como principais, a elabora??o dos projetos dos empreendimentos e a aus?ncia de fonte de recurso regular para custear os equipamentos que iriam beneficiar a produ??o local. Como alternativa, aponta poss?veis arranjos institucionais com atores com voca??es complementares, organizados pela metodologia dos Organismos de Vanguarda desenvolvida pela COPPE, trabalhando com os recursos regulat?rios j? dispon?veis no setor el?trico e que hoje se destinam exclusivamente a projetos de P&D. Para unidades nas regi?es remotas do norte do pa?s, opcionalmente se poderia lan?ar m?o do Fundo Amaz?nia que ? gerido pelo BNDES