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Journal articles on the topic 'Rural development – Tanzania'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Kleemeier, L. "Integrated rural development in Tanzania." Public Administration and Development 8, no. 1 (January 1988): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230080106.

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2

MAACK, PAMELA A. "The Irawq of Tanzania: Negotiating Rural Development:The Irawq of Tanzania: Negotiating Rural Development." American Anthropologist 108, no. 3 (September 2006): 617–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2006.108.3.617.

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3

Snyder, Katherine A. "Building democracy from below: a case from rural Tanzania." Journal of Modern African Studies 46, no. 2 (May 14, 2008): 287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x08003236.

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ABSTRACTFocusing on events in a rural village in Tanzania during 2001–02, this paper examines the changing nature of state/society relations in Tanzania. Drawing on experience from previous years of fieldwork in the early 1990s, it becomes apparent that villagers are beginning to change the way they engage with the state. These new approaches are framed in part by the discourse of democracy, with which Tanzanians have become familiar since the economic and political liberalisation policies of the 1990s. These events reveal a new sense of the right to participate in decision-making on how to use key development resources. They also illustrate how local elites can threaten to capture benefits for their own gain. As Tanzanians begin to demand more rights to participate in the public sphere, their achievements enlarge our understanding of what might constitute civil society.
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Kinyondo, Abel, and Riccardo Pelizzo. "Enhancing Citizen Participation for Development in Tanzania." Otoritas : Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan 9, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/ojip.v9i1.1461.

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The literature has repeatedly emphasized that citizen participation is requisite for good governance. Indeed, when citizens participate in various public activities, they can voice their demands, they can invite the government to respond to their demands, and they can keep government accountable. In other words, in the presence of citizen engagement activities, voices can be raised to governments accountable. While the literature has clearly established this link, less is known about the levels of citizen engagement in rural areas in developing countries like Tanzania; precisely areas where good governance is most needed to secure some progress along the developmental path and take the population out of poverty. Using an original dataset comprising of 1,265 respondents, we find that citizen participation in rural Tanzania varies across various types of activities. We also find that that the participation rate for men is higher than that of women and that the participation rate for older people is higher than it is for younger ones. Given the fact that Tanzania’s population is largely youthful, and women are slightly more than men, we recommend for the removal of barriers that women and youths face as far as their civic rights to participate in developmental activities is concerned.
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Mwaikusa, J. T. "Community Rights and Land Use Policies in Tanzania: The Case of Pastoral Communities." Journal of African Law 37, no. 2 (1993): 144–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300011219.

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The statement above is an admission of failure, or neglect, to design a policy for livestock production and development. The admission appears t o be almost contradictory. Nyerere's leadership of Tanzania had its landmarks, the most indelible of which is probably the Arusha Declaration with its particularly heavy bias towards rural development in its policy objectives. Yet that rural bias conspicuously excluded the role of pastoral communities and their potential in the development of Tanzania's rural economy. The pastoralists are not a majority but constitute a substantial portion of the population. They are entitled, as of right, to proportionate attention by national policies, as well as access to national resources, especially land, proportionate to their needs and potential, just like the cultivators. But government policies in Tanzania have marginalized pastoralists and sometimes even their rights and their very presence have been ignored.
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6

Holtzman, Jon. "The Iraqw of Tanzania: Negotiating Rural Development (review)." Africa Today 52, no. 2 (2005): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/at.2006.0008.

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7

Kleemeier, L. "Policy reform and rural development assistance in Tanzania." Public Administration and Development 9, no. 4 (September 1989): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230090407.

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8

Waters, Tony. "The Persistence of Subsistence and the Limits to Development Studies: The Challenge of Tanzania." Africa 70, no. 4 (November 2000): 614–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2000.70.4.614.

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AbstractThere are two general approaches to assessing what is known as ‘development’. First, there are classical accounts focusing on Europe's development during the industrial revolution. They describe how urban areas expanded at the expense of the social and economic resources of the rural areas, disrupting an independent subsistence peasantry. A major consequence is that today all Europeans are dependent socially, politically, and economically on the modern capitalist system. The second (more common) approach to development focuses on the modern Third World. This approach assumes that, as with Europe, the entire Third World is dependent on the modern capitalist system. Development studies focus on the assessment of how Third World countries can most effectively engage world capitalism. Discussion is typically reduced to comparisons between world systems theory and neoclassical economics. The Tanzanian government has used standard policies grounded in neoclassical and world‐system assumptions since independence. But both policies failed to produce the predicted economic growth. This article argues that both policies failed because the Tanzanian peasantry, like the early modern European peasantry, is not dependent on the operation of world capitalism for basic subsistence. In fact, as studies have shown, rural Tanzania is only weakly incorporated into the capitalist world system, and in consequence has not been an easy target for what world‐system theorists call ‘peripheral integration’. What makes Tanzania different is the fact that the rural peasantry do not use market mechanisms in the distribution of the ‘means of production’, especially arable land for swidden agriculture, or, for that matter, labour or cattle.
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9

Masaiganah, Mwajuma. "Sustaining Women's and Community's Livelihoods in Rural Tanzania." Development 53, no. 3 (August 26, 2010): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/dev.2010.36.

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10

LAL, PRIYA. "MILITANTS, MOTHERS, AND THE NATIONAL FAMILY: UJAMAA, GENDER, AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN POSTCOLONIAL TANZANIA." Journal of African History 51, no. 1 (March 2010): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853710000010.

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ABSTRACTBetween 1964 and 1975, development politics in Tanzania came to be organized around a version of ujamaa that normalized distinct gender roles and celebrated a generic ideal of the nuclear family. Yet as ujamaa villagization unfolded on the ground in the south-eastern region of Mtwara, rural people's practices rarely conformed to the ideas about gender and family implicit in official discourse and policy. Just as the institution of the family on the ground proved to be a complicated and fractured one, the Tanzanian state's understanding of familyhood and the larger project of ujamaa were deeply riddled with internal tensions.
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11

Sieber, Niklas. "Appropriate transport and rural development in Makete district, Tanzania." Journal of Transport Geography 6, no. 1 (March 1998): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-6923(97)00040-9.

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12

Mangula, Michael Shadrack, Joseph A. Kuzilwa, Simon S. Msanjila, and Isack Legonda. "Energy sources for cooking and its determinants in rural areas of Tanzania." Independent Journal of Management & Production 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v10i3.796.

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Using traditional sources of energy for cooking in rural areas of Tanzania is associated with problems such as lung diseases, soil erosion and air pollution. This paper identifies the energy sources used for cooking and its determinants in rural areas of Tanzania. Cross-sectional survey design through questionnaire was used to collect data from 384 households living in rural areas of Njombe and Iringa regions in Tanzania. Multistage cluster sampling technique was employed to sample districts, wards and villages, while rural heads of households were sampled randomly using the fishbowl method to avoid biasness. Descriptive analysis such as frequencies and percentages were used. Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) techniques was used to estimate the parameters of factors determining the choices of energy sources for cooking in rural areas of Tanzania. The findings show that firewood is the main source of energy for cooking, followed by charcoal, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and electricity in rural areas of Tanzania. The study shows that education, household size, occupation, income, and age of respondents determine the choices of energy sources for cooking. It can be concluded that, apart from improving income, other intervention such as family planning, reforestation programmes and promotion of the use of modern cooking stoves should be done to ensure sustainable development in rural areas of Tanzania
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13

Katomero, Jesper, and Yola Georgiadou. "The Elephant in the Room: Informality in Tanzania’s Rural Waterscape." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, no. 11 (November 8, 2018): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7110437.

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Informality is pervasive in Tanzania’s rural waterscape, but not acknowledged by development partners (donors and beneficiaries), despite persistent warnings by development scholars. Informality is thus the proverbial elephant in the room. In this paper, we examine a case of superior rural water access in two geographical locales—Hai and Siha districts—in Tanzania, where actors not only acknowledge, but actively harness informality to provide access to water to rural populations. We employ concepts from organization and institutional theory to show that when informal programs and related informal sanctions/rewards complement their formal counterparts, chances for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) target 6.1 ‘By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all’ are significantly increased.
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14

Putterman, Louis. "Social Capital and Development Capacity: The Example of Rural Tanzania." Development Policy Review 13, no. 1 (March 1995): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.1995.tb00078.x.

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15

Dungumaro, Esther W., and Goran Hyden. "Challenges and Opportunities to Climate Change Adaptation and Sustainable Development Among Tanzanian Rural Communities." Sustentabilidade em Debate 1, no. 2 (December 22, 2010): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18472/sustdeb.v1n2.2010.1682.

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In more recent years climate change impacts have been obvious around the globe. This non-contentious reality has resulted in various global initiatives to reduce climate change impacts. However, differences exist in opportunities and capacity to adaptation. This paper, descriptive in nature, draws heavily from literature and also uses 2002 Tanzanian population and housing census to identify and discuss major challenges and opportunities to climate change adaptation and sustainable development in rural areas of Tanzania. Two groups are of focus; pastoralist herders and smallholder farmers. Analysis indicates that opportunities to climate change adaptation among rural community include their knowledge and experience. Challenges are centered on the pervasive poverty, rapid population increase and high illiteracy rates. Forces beyond their control including funds and governance also present definite limits to climate change adaptation. The paper suggests among others, the effective implementation of two top policies: education and social security funding.
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16

Lal, Priya. "SELF-RELIANCE AND THE STATE: THE MULTIPLE MEANINGS OF DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY POST-COLONIAL TANZANIA." Africa 82, no. 2 (May 2012): 212–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972012000022.

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ABSTRACTThis article uses a key principle of the Tanzanian ujamaa project – self-reliance – as an analytical lever to open up the historical landscape of development politics in that national context during the 1960s and early 1970s. Throughout this period Tanzanians understood and experienced self-reliance in a variety of ways: as a mandated developmental strategy or a collective developmental aspiration, a condition of dignity or privation, a hallmark of national citizenship or a reflection of local survivalism, a matter of luxury or necessity. I trace these multiple meanings through three distinct but overlapping fields of inquiry: first, by cataloguing the plural ideological registers indexed by self-reliance within official development discourse vis-à-vis domestic and international politics; second, by illuminating a diverse range of rural elders' accounts of ujamaa villagization and self-reliance policy in the south-eastern region of Mtwara; and third, by examining the ambivalent position of self-reliance within public debates about regional development in relation to the national scale. In doing so, I expose the dialectical friction between competing constructions of citizenship and development at the heart of ujamaa, and suggest new avenues forward for conceptualizing the afterlives of ‘self-reliance’ and the changing meaning of development in contemporary Tanzania and beyond.
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17

Kinda, Tidiane, and Josef L. Loening. "Small Enterprise Growth and the Rural Investment Climate: Evidence from Tanzania." African Development Review 22, no. 1 (March 2010): 173–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.2009.00232.x.

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18

Wineman, Ayala, and Lenis Saweda Liverpool-Tasie. "All in the Family: Bequest Motives in Rural Tanzania." Economic Development and Cultural Change 67, no. 4 (July 2019): 799–831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/700100.

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19

Mangula, Michael Shadrack, Joseph A. Kuzilwa, Simon S. Msanjila, and Isack A. Legonda. "Indicators of energy access in rural areas of Tanzania: an application of confirmatory factor analysis approach." Independent Journal of Management & Production 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v9i4.797.

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Energy access plays a crucial role in enhancing the social-economic development among the household members in any nation. Notwithstanding the role of energy access in improving the livelihood of people, the problem of energy access has revealed to be more serious in rural areas of Tanzania. The increased in problem of energy access in rural areas of the developing countries is due to the absence of a unified set of indicators for measuring the energy access to rural households from developing countries including Tanzania. This study therefore, aimed at determining the indicators of energy access in rural areas of Tanzania.The study employed Cross- sectional type of the research design to collect data from 384 heads of household from the rural areas of Njombe and Iringa regions in Tanzania. Moreover, the Quantitative Exploratory Factor Analysis using Principal Component analysis and varimax method was employed to determine the indicators of energy access. The identified indicators using exploratory Factor Analysis was further confirmed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The study findings revealed that, the indicators for measuring the provision of energy access to rural households in developing countries including Tanzania ranked based on its importance are: availability, affordability, durability, efficient, no production of smokes, easy to use and ability to keep cooking facilities clean.Based on these findings, the study concludes that, indicators of energy access are important in enhancing the social economic development and improvement of the livelihood of people in rural areas. In the light of this conclusion the study recommends to government energy experts and other practitioners of to use the identified indictors when measuring energy access to rural households in Tanzania in order to improve the livelihood and their standard of living.
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20

Braun, Alisha M. B., and Betty Okwako-Riekkola. "Ujamaa and Universal Design: Developing Sustainable Tactile Curricular Materials in Rural Tanzania." Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development 1, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/dcid.v1i2.686.

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Purpose: This article illustrates the power of collaboration in the spirit of Ujamaa to build curricular materials that can engage and support the learning of a diverse group of students in under-resourced environments. The authors reflect on their personal experience overseeing collaborative service learning projects with Tanzanian partners through a study abroad programme.Method: The service learning project took place in a rural primary school in northern Tanzania, characterised by large class sizes and the unavailability of teaching and learning materials.Tactile curricular materials were collaboratively developed by Tanzanian student teachers, practising teachers, and American undergraduate students. Locally available and recyclable materials were used, such as plastic water bottles, tubing, plastic bags and cardboard boxes.Results: Examples of curricular materials that were developed are presented, and lessons learned through the experience are shared.Conclusion: The use of locally available, recyclable materials enhanced sustainability. Having sustainable curricular materials that are accessible to a diverse range of students in under-resourced educational settings has the potential to foster learning for all. The underlying cultural concept of interconnectedness or Ujamaa strengthened the collaborative relationship between participating teachers and students, and can be drawn upon to enhance future service learning and international development efforts in education.
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Lazaro, Evelyne, Jytte Agergaard, Marianne Nylandsted Larsen, Jeremia Makindara, and Torben Birch-Thomsen. "Urbanisation in Rural Regions: The Emergence of Urban Centres in Tanzania." European Journal of Development Research 31, no. 1 (November 26, 2018): 72–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41287-018-0185-9.

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22

Mwakalobo, Adam, Abiud Kaswamila, Alex Kira, Onesmo Chawala, and Timothy Tear. "Tourism Regional Multiplier Effects in Tanzania: Analysis of Singita Grumeti Reserves Tourism in the Mara Region." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 4 (July 30, 2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n4p44.

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<p>The main focus of this study was to establish the economic impacts of a single tourism business operated in a rural area on a regional economy in Africa. This paper presents a case study of the regional multiplier effects of Singita Grumeti Reserves’ (SGR) tourism investment in the Mara region, Tanzania. The recursive Keynesian multiplier approach was used to identify significant economic multiplier effects larger than any other multiplier effects we could find published for relevant, comparable studies (Type 1 average 1.57 from 2008-2013, range 1.24 – 1.81). This result was contrary to economic theory that predicts the multiplier effect in this case should be low given the small area of investment in comparison to the much larger regional economy. In addition, these results represent underestimates, as the multiplier effects established in this study did not factor in substantial positive environmental and socio economic impacts accrued from SGR’s non-profit partner organization, the Grumeti Fund. Consequently, our study findings present compelling evidence that SGR tourism investments, when combined with the Grumeti Fund’s conservation and community development activities, demonstrate a pro-poor economic approach of substantial benefit to the Tanzanian economy. This was possible because the investment made by one private company is relatively substantial in comparison to the limited government services provided to the Mara Region, where nearly half of the 1.7 million people in this region remain in the poverty trap. These results provide compelling evidence that this type of high-value low-volume tourism investment can also contribute to sustainable and equitable socioeconomic development when paired with conservation and community development efforts. This assessment also demonstrates the value of ecosystem services derived from conserving Tanzania’s rich and globally significant natural heritage for the benefit of both people and nature. As there is more tourism potential in Tanzania, Tanzanian government authorities at all levels should consider encouraging and supporting similar tourism investments (i.e., high-value low-volume tourism model). This support could be tailored to providing incentives such as tax rate reduction or exemptions to encourage this specific type of tourism investment. Private investment is particularly important in rural and underserved regions in Tanzania– like the Mara Region – where there have been limited economic investments despite substantial opportunities for economic growth. </p>
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23

Lerise, Fred. "Centralised spatial planning practice and land development realities in rural Tanzania." Habitat International 24, no. 2 (June 2000): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-3975(99)00037-5.

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24

Phillips, Kristin D. "Dividing the Labor of Development: Education and Participation in Rural Tanzania." Comparative Education Review 57, no. 4 (November 2013): 637–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/671795.

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Duda, Isabell, Anja Fasse, and Ulrike Grote. "Drivers of rural-urban migration and impact on food security in rural Tanzania." Food Security 10, no. 4 (April 23, 2018): 785–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018-0788-1.

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Gibbon, Peter. "Civil Society, Locality and Globalization in Rural Tanzania: A Forty-Year Perspective." Development and Change 32, no. 5 (November 2001): 819–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-7660.00228.

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27

Knapp, Eli J., and Tanner J. S. Hoffman. "Trading culture for development: assessing perceptions among rural agropastoral peoples in Tanzania." Development in Practice 28, no. 6 (July 25, 2018): 741–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2018.1473339.

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28

Winter-Nelson, Alex, and Anna A. Temu. "Liquidity constraints, access to credit and pro-poor growth in rural Tanzania." Journal of International Development 17, no. 7 (2005): 867–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.1175.

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Phillips, Kristin D. "Hunger, Healing, and Citizenship in Central Tanzania." African Studies Review 52, no. 1 (April 2009): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.0.0135.

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Abstract:This article draws on newspaper commentary, Nyaturu hunger lore, and ethnographic research to describe how central Tanzanian villagers accessed food aid from the state during the East African food crisis of 2006. Through leveraging their political support and their participation in national development agendas, rural inhabitants claimed their rights. Yet it was through these exchanges that the state converted food aid into political power. The article argues that the highly ritualized gift of food aid naturalizes a contemporary political and economic order in which, counterintuitively, it is rural farmers who go hungry.
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Lwoga, Edda Tandi, and Wallace Chigona. "Telecenters and the expansion of human capabilities among rural women." Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication 69, no. 6/7 (February 10, 2020): 501–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gkmc-11-2019-0136.

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Purpose This study aims to assess the contribution of telecenters in expanding the capabilities of rural women to achieve their development outcomes in three rural districts in Tanzania. Design/methodology/approach The study conducted 12 focus group discussions with 37 rural women users and 36 rural women non-users of telecenters and semi-structured interviews with telecenter managers in the selected districts. The framework for the study is based on Sen’s capability approach. Findings The study noted that telecenters may enable rural women to build some capabilities (social, financial, human and political capabilities), and inhibit others, resulting in diverse development outcomes, based on the choices made and conversion factors. These conversion factors included institutional factors (inadequate computers, space and personnel, unreliable electrical power and slow internet connectivity) and individual factors (multiple responsibilities, status, low-level of education, language barrier, lack of information and communication technology (ICT) skills and technology efficacy and inability to afford ICT short courses). Other conversion factors (e.g. availability of affordable ICTs) enabled rural women to build their capabilities. Originality/value This is a comprehensive study that provides findings for rural telecenters to plan and allow rural women to expand their capabilities and achieve their development goals in Tanzania or other settings with similar conditions.
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Todd, Gemma Joan Nifasha, Benjamin Clarke, Millie Marston, Mark Urassa, and Jim Todd. "Gender and youth migration for empowerment: migration trends from Tanzania." Migration Letters 14, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): 300–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v14i2.334.

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Migration remains a central concern in urbanisation, especially in Africa. With mobility, and migration, articulated as norms of the twenty-first century this paper introduces a focus on trending realities. The paper describes the migration to and from the rural hinterland of a medium-sized African city in Tanzania. By asking questions on migration trends within livelihoods, this project identifies the emerging demographic patterns, and geographies, within Tanzania. Analysis was carried out on a Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS) database. The HDSS site data provides an overview of population movement in, out, and within, Kisesa, Tanzania. The results raise discussion concerning what mobility means and the connections between migration and urbanisation. The results raise two key points. Certain factors increase the ‘risk’ of migration: age, sex, place of residence, and being able to migrate individually. These risk factors as interconnected. Results highlight the need for a gender and age sensitive approach with feminising, and youthful, migration trends identified. Secondly, migration is not necessarily rural-urban, but rather increasingly involve local movements within the Kisesa ward and circular mobilities’.
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Kongolo, Mukole. "Perceived Role of Rural Roads in Supporting and Enhancing Rural and Agricultural Development in Mwanza Region, Tanzania." Issues in Social Science 8, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/iss.v8i1.17067.

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The aim of this study was to reassess the important role of rural roads in supporting and enhancing agricultural and rural development. The study covered seven districts (units) of 35,187 sq km, with a total population of 2,772,509 (2013 est) in the region. The analysis is descriptive and it is based on secondary data using tables and graphs. The emphasis was to characterise important role rural roads can play in facilitating the movements of goods and services in rural areas. The findings revealed that rural roads in the region are in poor conditions, which influenced the cost of transporting farm produce from rural to urban areas. The study concluded that improved rural roads will benefit more small farmers and individuals residing in rural areas. The regional government should be equipped with finance, personnel and equipment to manage and maintain existing rural roads to ensure effective movement of goods and services in the region. The study suggested that existing rural road conditions need improvement to enhance development in the region. Both national and regional governments should embark on various policies of upgrading and maintaining rural roads to support and accelerate rural development in Mwanza region.
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Wandel, Margareta, and Gerd Holmboe-Ottesen. "Maternal Work, Child Feeding, and Nutrition in Rural Tanzania." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 14, no. 1 (March 1992): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659201400102.

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Ali, Ismat, Lusako Mwaikasu, Doug McMillan, Khalid Aziz, Jennifer Brenner, Dismas Matovelo, and Nalini Singhal. "TEN EPIQ STEPS TO IMPROVING CARE AND OUTCOMES IN RURAL TANZANIA." Paediatrics & Child Health 23, suppl_1 (May 18, 2018): e46-e47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxy054.119.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Maternal and child health (MCH) remains a priority globally and in Mwanza Region, Tanzania, where under-five mortality exceeds 100/1000 live births. Facility-based Quality Improvement (QI) is critical to enhancing MCH service delivery. The ‘Evidence-based Practice for Improving Quality (EPIQ)’ approach aims to equip clinical providers with basic QI understanding and skills. In Canada, EPIQ introduction has led to significant newborn intensive care improvements. OBJECTIVES To adapt, pilot and evaluate an EPIQ workshop for rural Tanzania. DESIGN/METHODS The 10-step EPIQ process is introduced through a practical, clinically-focused, hands-on workshop. A team of Canadian EPIQ experts with African partnership experience initially adjusted the EPIQ package for a Tanzanian pilot. They then facilitated a one day EPIQ training-of-trainers to QI-interested Tanzanian university faculty and health managers. The new facilitators then delivered the training to selected local health providers. The EPIQ training was evaluated through facilitator and provider (1) pre/post QI-focused knowledge tests, (2) pre/post QI confidence surveys and (3) post-workshop satisfaction surveys. Post training semi-structured group interviews also collected feedback on workshop content and format from facilitators. Written surveys and tests were analyzed using descriptive statistics and aggregate scores; semi-structured interview notes were reviewed for key themes, recommendations and representative quotations. RESULTS Workshop content including flipcharts, workbooks and locally-relevant cases were prepared. In September 2017, workshops were delivered to 16 facilitators and 29 providers in Mwanza. Post-workshop, overall knowledge scores increased by +7.6% (facilitators) and +2.1% (providers). Aggregate confidence survey scores (5-point Likert) increased for both groups by a median increase of 1 (20%). Participant workshop satisfaction scores averaged 4.7/5. Interviews suggested indicated content was perceived as very relevant however too heavy for allocated time; certain wording was too complex for the language setting. Participants reported that the small group and hands-on format encouraged skill development and EPIQ tools equipped for critical thinking and problem solving. It was strongly recommended to increase workshop length to two days. CONCLUSION A clinically-focused, participatory EPIQ training was feasible and well-received in this setting. Despite self-reported confidence increase, a lacking associated knowledge increase may reflect content too complex, limited workshop duration or poor knowledge test face validity. Future considerations should include revised content and/or knowledge testing tool, extended length, and post-workshop implementation follow-up.
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Dillip, Angel, Sandra Alba, Christopher Mshana, Manuell Hetze, Jafari Liana, Christian Lengeler, Iddy Mayumana, Alexander Schulze, Hassan Mshinda, and Brigit Obrist. "Mystery shopping in community drug shops: research as development in rural Tanzania." Malaria Journal 11, Suppl 1 (2012): O19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-s1-o19.

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Williams, Christian A. "Displaced Mozambicans in postcolonial Tanzania: refugee power, mobility, education and rural development." Africa Review 13, no. 1 (November 23, 2020): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09744053.2020.1842994.

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KUROSAKI, Ryugo. "Responses to Rural Development Dynamics in the Matengo Highlands of Southern Tanzania:." Journal of African Studies 2010, no. 77 (2010): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11619/africa.2010.77_31.

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Maro, Paul S. "The impact of decentralization on spatial equity and rural development in Tanzania." World Development 18, no. 5 (May 1990): 673–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(90)90017-r.

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39

Howorth, Kate, Stella-Maria Paddick, Jane Rogathi, Richard Walker, William Gray, Lloyd L. Oates, Damas Andrea, et al. "Conceptualization of depression amongst older adults in rural Tanzania: a qualitative study." International Psychogeriatrics 31, no. 10 (January 3, 2019): 1473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610218002016.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Depression in older people is likely to become a growing global health problem with aging populations. Significant cultural variation exists in beliefs about depression (terminology, symptomatology, and treatments) but data from sub-Saharan Africa are minimal. Low-resource interventions for depression have been effective in low-income settings but cannot be utilized without accurate diagnosis. This study aimed to achieve a shared understanding of depression in Tanzania in older people.Methods:Using a qualitative design, focus groups were conducted with participants aged 60 and over. Participants from rural villages of Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, were selected via randomized sampling using census data. Topic guides were developed including locally developed case vignettes. Transcripts were translated into English from Swahili and thematic analysis conducted.Findings:Ten focus groups were held with 81 participants. Three main themes were developed: a) conceptualization of depression by older people and differentiation from other related conditions (“too many thoughts,” cognitive symptoms, affective and biological symptoms, wish to die, somatic symptoms, and its difference to other concepts); b) the causes of depression (inability to work, loss of physical strength and independence, lack of resources, family difficulties, chronic disease); c) management of depression (love and comfort, advice, spiritual support, providing help, medical help).Conclusions:This research expands our understanding of how depression presents in older Tanzanians and provides information about lay beliefs regarding causes and management options. This may allow development of culturally specific screening tools for depression that, in turn, increase diagnosis rates, support accurate diagnosis, improve service use, and reduce stigma.
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Msamula, Jasinta, Wim Vanhaverbeke, and Nicholaus B. Tutuba. "Influence of institutions on value creation activities of micro and small enterprises in rural Tanzania." Afrika Focus 31, no. 1 (February 26, 2018): 187–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03101011.

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Economic development initiatives in Tanzania recognise the importance of enterprises in the country’s economy. Similarly, rural entrepreneurship has the potential to stimulate the rural economy. The promotion of rural entrepreneurship can help to fulfil that potential, with creation of value for customers as one of the promotion initiatives. Institutions govern the value creation activities of enterprises. By focusing on the wood furniture industry, this research article analyses the influence of institutions on the value creation activities of rural Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in Tanzania. The institution theory and the value chain model are its theoretical bases. The Mvomero district is the study area. Interviews and discussions are the data collection methods used in this qualitative study and 14 cases are analysed. The study finds that four institutional concerns influence the value creation activities of enterprises and these are: regulations compliance; regulations enforcement; regulations knowledge; and regulatory costs. However, the study excludes informal institutions. Its findings may be beneficial to stakeholders such as policymakers, development stakeholders, researchers – as well as rural MSEs.
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Narayan, Deepa, and Lant Pritchett. "Cents and Sociability: Household Income and Social Capital in Rural Tanzania." Economic Development and Cultural Change 47, no. 4 (July 1999): 871–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/452436.

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J. Gwaleba, Method. "Urban Growth in Tanzania: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Management." International Journal of Social Science Studies 6, no. 12 (November 20, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v6i12.3783.

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Tanzania cities and towns are rapidly urbanizing. This urbanization is manifest of rural-to-urban migration as well as natural population increase. The perceived lack of opportunities in rural areas has been identified as the main push factors for Tanzanians to move from rural areas to urban cities and towns. Urban management practice will increasingly need to account for direct and indirect impacts of urban growth in Tanzania cities and towns. The objective of this paper is to pinpoint the challenges and opportunities of the urban growth in cities and towns in Tanzania.The discussion of this paper is mainly based on critical review of the literature and original data derived from Baruti settlement in Dar es Salaam City. The review of the documents whether published or not published depended on its status to provide a critical analysis of urban growth challenges and opportunities in Tanzania. The Primary data were gathered using 79 using semi-structured interviews with both open and closed ended questions. The questionnaires were administered by the researcher through face-to-face sessions with the respondents. A purposive sampling technique was adopted in this study. The reason for selecting the purposive sampling technique was based on the respondents’ involvement in urban development project. The quantitative data collected through the use of questionnaire to supplement qualitative data were summarized and organized by using spread sheet template for detailed analysis. The critical qualitative analysis was built on both the secondary and primary data sources to addresses the research questions. A descriptive technique for data analysis was adopted where findings were represented in tables, graphs and texts.While unperfected urbanization surpass the way inhabitants interact and live in cities and towns, urban management addresses the social, economical and environmental challenges that emerge with the continued urbanization in Tanzania cities and towns such that human activities could be more socially liable, economically sound and environmentally friendly over a long period of time in the future.
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Gibogwe, Vincent. "A critical assesssment of capital supply to rural small-scale industries in Tanzania." Small Enterprise Development 2, no. 3 (September 1991): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0957-1329.1991.032.

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44

Msoffe, Grace E. P., and Edda Tandi Lwoga. "Contribution of mobile phones in expanding human capabilities in selected rural districts of Tanzania." Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication 68, no. 6/7 (September 2, 2019): 491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gkmc-10-2018-0084.

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the use of mobile phones in enhancing human capabilities and agricultural development among small-scale farmers in selected rural districts of Tanzania. The study assessed the potential capabilities acquired by farmers, factors that influence farmers in building their capabilities and achieving development outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The study used Sen’s capability approach as a guiding framework to investigate the link between mobile phones and agricultural development. A case study design was employed whereby focus group discussions were used to collect data. Findings The use of mobile phone services enabled rural farmers to build their financial, human and social capabilities. Rural farmers faced personal and non-personal conversion factors that influenced them in building capabilities and achieving development outcomes. The use of mobile phones led to various development outcomes. The typical development outcomes were related to access to information and communication services and reduction of transport costs. Rural farmers experienced family conflicts due to protectiveness exercised by couples through the use of mobile phones, criminal incidences such as theft and the fear of being recorded when making a phone call. Originality/value The study findings have the potential of influencing policy and practice. The findings are useful in promoting the value of mobile phones usage in empowering rural farmers and communities. The telecommunication sector and other key stakeholders can use the study findings in setting the basis for prioritising the improvement of telecommunication infrastructure in the rural areas.
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Thiele, Graham. "The state and rural development in Tanzania: The village administration as a political field." Journal of Development Studies 22, no. 3 (April 1986): 540–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388608421995.

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Seppälä, Pekka. "The Politics of Economic Diversification: Reconceptualizing the Rural Informal Sector in South-east Tanzania." Development and Change 27, no. 3 (July 1996): 557–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.1996.tb00603.x.

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Mdee, Ombeni J., Torbjorn K. Nielsen, Cuthbert Z. Kimambo, and Joseph Kihedu. "Assessment of hydropower resources in Tanzania. A review article." Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 3 (2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2018004.

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The hydropower resources have become an attractive means of generating electricity to the off-grid network, especially in rural areas. This article assesses the small, mini and large hydropower resources and identified to reach 5.3 GW for electricity generation in Tanzania. The technology development discussed comprises of hydro turbine manufacturers, classification and turbine selection. The barriers presented include the presence of sediment in the hydropower reservoirs, financial viability, policy and regulatory issues related to hydropower development. This reviewed article serves the investors and policymakers to understand the status of hydropower resources in Tanzania.
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Mwase, Ngila. "The Collapse of the National Road Haulage Company in Tanzania." Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 4 (December 1985): 703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00055038.

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The post-colonial evolution of the Tanzanian economy has been strongly influenced by public policy, notably since the adoption of the Arusha Declaration in 1967,1 which established the following guidelines:1. Self-reliance, albeit not self-sufficiency or autarky, since, at least in theory, selected foreign assistance may be the catalyst rather than the basis of development.2. General social equality, aimed at regional, inter-personal, and rural—urban equity.3. Socialist and co-operative economic activities, emphasising priority for rural development per se, with a bias towards co-operative work through communal ujamaa villages.4. Public ownership and control of the ‘commanding heights’ of the economy.
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Mwantimwa, Kelefa. "Use of mobile phones among agro-pastoralist communities in Tanzania." Information Development 35, no. 2 (November 6, 2017): 230–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666917739952.

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The study examined the usage of mobile phones among agro-pastoralists in Monduli and Bagamoyo districts in Tanzania. The study used a mixed approach in collecting and analysing the resultant data. The study’s findings reveal that individual and technology characteristics are important factors for mobile phone ownership and usage among agro-pastoralists. Further, the findings suggest that effective use of mobile phones presents a huge opportunity for improving information access for agro-pastoralist communities, so supporting their poverty reduction programs. Accordingly, usage of mobile phone technologies can offset some of the effects of neglected rural infrastructure and make rural development sustainable and competitive. The study concludes that there is an urgent need to re-think and re-orient the development thrust and deploy mobile phones to address business transaction and information access problems and supplement development-related information provided by other media.
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Verbeke, Wim, Marijke D'Haese, Herbert Kyeyamwa, John Opuda-Asibo, and Guido Van Huylenbroeck. "Assessing Institutional Development for Livestock Market Participation of Traditional Cattle Keepers in Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya." Outlook on Agriculture 38, no. 3 (September 2009): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000009789396775.

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The potential of keeping livestock as a poverty reduction strategy cannot be fully exploited in rural Africa because of the low levels of market participation that characterize mixed and grassland-based farming systems dominating much of Africa. In a set of three former British colonies (Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya), an analysis was conducted to assess differences in institutional development, policy incentives and levels of livestock market participation. Livestock market participation has historically been higher in Kenya and Tanzania than in Uganda. National documents and official reports were subjected to qualitative content analysis. The findings suggest that Kenya has developed an institutional environment that is more conducive to the market participation of traditional cattle keepers than Tanzania and Uganda. The insights obtained from this study are important in redirecting governments, donors and multilateral development agencies from predominantly input-driven livestock development interventions to increased emphasis on institutional and policy support.
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