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Journal articles on the topic 'Rural dialect'
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1
Mu-azu, Iddirisu Andani, and G. P. Shivram. "The Impact of Radio Broadcast in Local Dialect on Rural Community." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 2, no. 3 (May 9, 2017): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2017.v2i3.76.
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AbstractThe paper set out a platform to investigate the impact of FM radio broadcast in local dialects on rural community development in the Tamale Metropolis of Northern Ghana. The study adopts survey design and also employs probability proportional techniques to select communities for the study. The main thrust of this paper is on the impact of local dialect on rural community development, preferences of development programmes and the community’s participation in the production of radio programmes. Out of 400 questionnaires distributed, 392 was retrieved and analysed. From the results, it is established that local dialect broadcast on radio have an impact on development of rural communities. Also, it improves awareness and knowledge of solutions to community’s development problems in education, agriculture, environment, culture, politics and religion. The paper compare target audience’s preference for local dialect radio programmes to other similar content programmes that were not broadcast in local dialect. It concludes that radio broadcast in local dialect plays a pivotal role in bridging the communication gap between government and rural communities. It proved to be one of the effective mode of communication at the grass-root level. The study shows a positive role played by the indigenous dialect’s radio programmes and recommends that rural development programmes on radio should be packaged in local language. Thus, enhances listenership, interest and positive desired behavioural change.Key Words: Impact, FM Radio Broadcast, Local Dialect, Rural Development, Ghana.
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Daugavet, Anna. "Recent developments in Latvian dialectology." Baltic Linguistics 5 (December 31, 2014): 147–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32798/bl.406.
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Trumpa, Edmunds. 2012. Latviešu ģeolingvistikas etīdes [Studies in Latvian Dialect Geography]. Rīga: Zinātne. ISBN 978–9984–879–34–5.Sarkanis, Alberts. 2013. Latviešu valodas dialektu atlants. Fonētika. Apraksts, kartes un to komentāri [Latvian Dialect Atlas. Phonetics. Description, Maps and Commentaries]. Rīga: LU Latviešu valodas institūts. ISBN: 978–9984–742–68–7
The last year saw the appearance of two significant contributions to the study of Latvian dialects. These are the phonology part of the Latvian Dialect Atlas prepared by Alberts Sarkanis (2013) and Latviešu ģeolingvistikas etīdes by Edmunds (Edmundas) Trumpa (2012a). The two are very different in their aims and methods, even though both deal with phonetic isoglosses of traditional rural dialects. In fact, traditional rural dialects are still considered as the only object of research by Latvian dialectologists in spite of the considerable changes to the field elsewhere, marked by the breakdown of the barriers between dialectology and sociolinguistics (see e.g. Chambers & Trudgill 2004 and Auer & Schmidt 2010). However, of the two reviewed books, Trumpa (2012a) seems to be closer to the modern understanding of research into language and space, and therefore his work can be seen as a promise of changes in Latvian dialectology, whereas Sarkanis (2013) almost entirely belongs to the traditional approach. Nevertheless, in the context of Trumpa’s rather innovative book, Sarkanis’ Phonological Atlas serves as a summary of achievements from the previous stage.
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Nilsson, Jenny. "Dialect change?" Nordic Journal of Linguistics 32, no. 2 (October 23, 2009): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586509990047.
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The project Dialect Levelling in West Sweden focuses on the dialect situation in the first decade of the 21st century compared with the dialects spoken in the same region in the 1940s–1960s. Seventy teenagers participating in group interviews have been recorded and their use of phonological and morphological variables has been analysed. Comparisons with data recorded in the same region by The Institute of Language and Folklore in 1940–1960 show that dialect levelling is under way. It seems that the population of this area no longer speak a traditional dialect. An important issue, however, is how much the traditional dialects have actually changed, and to what extent the method for collecting data affects the answer. In the mid-20th century, the praxis within Swedish dialectology for selecting informants was to find as old and rural dialect speakers as possible to represent a specific region, and the purpose was that of documenting the dialect as a linguistic system. Today, however, many studies select informants based on speaker variables, because the aim is to document thedialect situation(i.e. who uses what linguistic variants when), rather than the traditional dialect as a linguistic system. Thus, there is a distinct difference between a linguistic interest and a sociolinguistic one. In this paper I suggest that it is critical when discussing dialect change to observe this very methodological change. In order to illustrate this, the use of dialect variants by two informants recorded in 1948 is compared with the use of dialect variants by three informants recorded in 2007 and 2008. The informants are all from around a small rural village located approximately 70 km from Gothenburg in West Sweden. This is an area where a specific variety of West Swedish has been spoken. By comparing these individuals, the concept of dialect change is problematized.
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Leitner, Bettina. "New Perspectives on the Urban–Rural Dichotomy and Dialect Contact in the Arabic gələt Dialects in Iraq and South-West Iran." Languages 6, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6040198.
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This paper reevaluates the ground on which the division into urban and rural gələt dialects, as spoken in Iraq and Khuzestan (south-western Iran), is built on. Its primary aim is to describe which features found in this dialect group can be described as rural and which features tend to be modified or to emerge in urban contexts, and which tend to be retained. The author uses various methodical approaches to describe these phenomena: (i) a comparative analysis of potentially rural features; (ii) a case study of Ahvazi Arabic, a gələt dialect in an emerging urban space; and (iii) a small-scale sociolinguistic survey on overt rural features in Iraqi Arabic as perceived by native speakers themselves. In addition, previously used descriptions of urban gələt features as described for Muslim Baghdad Arabic are reevaluated and a new approach and an alternative analysis based on comparison with new data from other gәlәt dialects are proposed. The comparative analysis yields an overview of what has been previously defined as rural features and additionally discusses further features and their association with rural dialects. This contributes to our general understanding of the linguistic profile of the rural dialects in this geographic context.
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Cooper, Andrew R. "‘Folk-Speech’ and ‘Book English’: Re-presentations of Dialect in Hardy's Novels." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 3, no. 1 (February 1994): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096394709400300102.
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In an attempt to evaluate the fidelity of Hardy's representation of dialect speech, critics have made implicit or explicit reference to dialects actually spoken at the time Hardy wrote his novels of rural life. To this end, comparisons are often made between features of ‘Wessex dialect’ and contemporary records of dialects produced by amateur dialectologists, such as Hardy's friend William Barnes. In this article I propose a new approach to the relationship between non-fictional records of dialects in the nineteenth century and the literary representation of dialect speech in Hardy's novels. I argue that the considerable practical and theoretical difficulties that are to be found in non-fictional records of dialects, mean that Hardy's version of dialect speech cannot be read back on to authentic dialect speech. Only when the non-literary definition and representation of dialects are recognised as problematic, can questions be asked which reveal the true complexity of dialect speech in the novels. I demonstrate a reading of the language of Hardy's novels as a complex intersection of contemporary rules of definition of dialects, which are re-presented in the texts as internally and mutually contradictory discourses. Focusing upon the discursive construction of the sign of ‘Wessex dialect’, I indicate how Hardy's literary version of dialect speech can be read as a political critique of the definition and representation of the opposition between ‘folk-speech’ and ‘book English’ at the time the novels were written.
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Ramonienė, Meilutė. "The social value of a dialect: linguistic attitudes of young people in Lithuanian cities." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 2 (October 25, 2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2013.17260.
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Language standardization ideology prevailing in most European countries sustains a lower social value of dialects in comparison to the standard language. The linguistic variety of social elite, media, public administration, and public use – the standard language – is often rated as ideal or at least more adequate for most domains of language use than local dialects. This paper investigates the situation in Lithuania, analyzes linguistic attitudes towards dialects of upper-secondary school students in Lithuanian cities. The data gathered in the context of the project “Lithuanian language: ideals, ideologies and identity shifts, 2010-2013” group discussions organized in schools of nine Lithuanian cities (Alytus, Kaunas, Klaipėda, Marijampolė, Panevėžys, Šiauliai, Telšiai, Utena and Vilnius) as well as the experimental data, is analyzed for the social value of Lithuanian dialects. The research revealed both overt and covert prestige of dialects. The overtly declared prestige of a dialect is weak and the social value is lower when comparing to the standard language. Moreover, the usage of a dialect is fairly strictly limited and involving only a private sphere, non-official communication. On the other hand, an indirect evaluation when describing stereotypical characteristics of a dialect speaker has shown a rather positive covert prestige of the dialects. Even though dialect speakers are not distinguished by a superior status or social power and are most often seen as coming from a rural environment, which is not modern and associated with old traditions, social attractiveness of a dialect speaker is specifically emphasised, also the dimension of social solidarity and resistance to standardization associated with a dialect is highlighted. The results of the research point out some tendencies of the (not yet extinguished) vitality of dialects.
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Joseph, Brian D., and Rex E. Wallace. "Is Faliscan a Local Latin Patois?" Diachronica 8, no. 2 (January 1, 1991): 159–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.8.2.02jos.
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SUMMARY Faliscan clearly shows affinities with Latin, but the exact nature of the relationship between the two languages has not met with complete acceptance. Some scholars treat Faliscan as nothing more than a 'rural dialect' of Latin, though the inexactness of the designation 'dialectal Latin' makes this characterization problematic.Moreover, it is demonstrated here that the various features that are claimed to link Faliscan and non-Roman Latin to the exclusion of the Latin of the city of Rome are all rather late in their appearance in Faliscan, while a few very early features are to be found that unite Faliscan with all of Latinity. At the same time, though, there are significant isoglosses separating Faliscan from all Latin dialects, Roman and non-Roman. The conclusion to be drawn is that Faliscan is a separate language from Latin and not a dialect of Latin, though it is closest sibling to Latin in the Italic family tree. RÉSUMÉ La question du rapport génétique entre le latin et le falisque est examinée ici à la lumière de la méthodologie comparative et au modèle dialectologique du 'Stammbaum'. Il est démontré que le falisque n'est pas un dialect rurale du latin, comme l'on a proposé encore tout récemment, à la base de trois faits: bien des characteristiques qui se retrouvent dans les deux langues n'apparaissent que très tard dans la tradition falisque; il y a aussi des vieilles innovations qui unifient les deux; et il y a des isoglosses qui séparent le falisque de tous les dialectes latins — ceux de Rome aussi bien que les autres. Le falisque est une langue liée au latin mais à la même fois il n'est pas equivalent à un vrais dialecte latin. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In diesem Aufsatz wird das Verhaltnis des Lateinischen mit dem Falis-kischen untersucht. Die Autoren fiïhren den Beweis, daß das Faliskische keine lateinische Mundart, und zwar aus den folgenden drei Griinden: Ers tens erscheinen viele Eigenschaften, die sich in beiden Sprachen finden fassen, erst sehr spät im Faliskischen. Zweitens gibt es sehr alte Neuerungen, die beide Sprachen gemeinsam haben, und drittens gibt es einige Neuerungen im Faliskischen, die es von alien lateinischen Mundarten, sowohl solchen inner-halb als auch außerhalb Roms, trennen. Das Faliskische ist demnach eine Sprache, die einerseits mit dem Lateinischen verwandt, andererseits aber auch von ihm deutlich abgesetzt ist.
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DOBRININA, ALBINA A. "ARTICULATORY FEATURES OF THE /I/-TYPE VOWELS IN THE ALTAI-KIZHI DIALECT (MRI DATA)." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 4 (2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2020_6_4_43_50.
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The paper considers some articulatory features of allophones of the vowel /i/ in the Altai-Kizhi dialect (spoken in the locality Ust-Kan, Altai) of the Altai language visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Altai-Kizhi is the central basic dialect of the Altai literary language. In Altai, each rural locality represents a unique dialect, whose relevance of studying was emphasized by V. V. Radlov. Speech sounds of the /i/-type in the dialects of the Altai language are realized mainly as front variants with different degrees of openness. In the written Altai speech, the symbol “и” is used to denote narrow front non-labialized vowel; some variants of the Altai vowel /i/ are central-back differing in this from the Russian vowel /i/. Experimental data on the territorial dialects of the Altai-Kizhi dialect, obtained from its 6 native speakers (d1-d6) taking into account variable inherent palate height, shows both the common articulation bases of native speakers (clearly-expressed frontness) and their differences (variable openness).
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Thomas, Erik R. "A rural/metropolitan split in the speech of Texas Anglos." Language Variation and Change 9, no. 3 (October 1997): 309–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500001940.
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ABSTRACTThe migration of people to the Sunbelt in the United States constitutes a major demographic shift, but has received little attention from language variationists. In Texas, this migration has led to a split of the Anglo population of the state into two dialects, a rural dialect and a metropolitan dialect. Evidence from a random-sample survey of Texas and from a systematic set of surveys of high schools in the state shows that young rural Anglos preserve two stereotypical features of the Texas accent, monophthongal /ai/, as in night, and lowered onsets of /e/, as in day, while young Anglos from metropolitan centers lack these features. This difference, which is absent among middle-aged and older native Texan Anglos, appears to have resulted from the fact that in-migration from other parts of the country is concentrated in metropolitan centers, especially suburbs.
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Cerruti, Massimo, and Riccardo Regis. "Standardization patterns and dialect/standard convergence: A northwestern Italian perspective." Language in Society 43, no. 1 (January 24, 2014): 83–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404513000882.
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AbstractThis article is inspired by the typology of “dialect/standard constellations” outlined in Auer (2005, 2011), which aims to detect common dynamics in the current processes of dialect/standard convergence in Europe. The specific sociolinguistic situation addressed in this article involves Italian, Piedmontese, and Occitan in Piedmont, a northwestern region of Italy. We analyze a set of linguistic features with the aim of depicting the dynamics of intralinguistic and interlinguistic convergence as they relate to the ongoing standardization processes in these languages. Some adjustments to the two types of repertoires drawn by Auer (diaglossia and endoglossic medial diglossia) are proposed to better suit them, respectively, to the Italo-Romance continuum between Piedmontese rural dialects and standard Italian (which actually consists of two separate subcontinua with intermediate varieties) and to the relationship between Occitan dialects and their planned standard variety (as well as that between Piedmontese and its “Frenchified” standard variety). (Language standardization, dialect/standard convergence, Italian, Piedmontese, Occitan.)*
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Ab. Hamid, Norfazila, Shahidi A. Hamid, Rahim Aman, Norhasliza Ramli, Zulayti Zakaria, and Ery Iswary. "MALAY DIALECT VARIANTS IN LANGKAWI: A DIACHRONIC PERSPECTIVE ANALYSIS." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 7, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 142–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss1pp142-167.
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Background and Purpose: Dialectical studies scrutinised the closeness, kinship or genealogy of dialects derived from a language. Previous scholars divide Malay dialects in Peninsular Malaysia into four main clusters. The first cluster are the Johor-Melaka-Selangor and Central Perak. The second cluster is a group that spreads from the Patani region covering the Patani-Kelantan-Terengganu dialect. The third is the Negeri Sembilan cluster, and the fourth is the Kedah dialect. Generally, the Kedah dialect is divided into seven groups, covering Kedah (including Langkawi), Perlis, Penang and northern Perak Taiping. This study aims to investigate the Malay dialect variants in Langkawi Island via the Historical Linguistics approach and qualitative comparison research design.
Methodology: This study utilised the qualitative research method. A total of 23 native speakers of Langkawi Malay dialect participated in this study. These informants were selected using NORM (an acronym for non-mobile, older, rural and males). Data collection mainly used several techniques such as interviews, recordings, and observations. The data were analysed based on the scope of comparative linguistics.
Findings: The findings show that there are five characteristics of separated innovation between the Kuah and Air Hangat variants in one group and the Kedawang variant in other groups. Furthermore, there are nine innovations that separate the Langkawi Malay dialect from the Proto Malayik language. This study indicates that the Kedawang variant is an earlier variant apart from the Kuah and Air Hangat variants.
Contributions: In addition to further strengthen the research on the various dialects spoken in Malaysia, this study attempts to highlight the complete description of the Kedah dialect varieties. This study also contributes to the science of Malay language variants and Malay Dialectology studies.
Keywords: Historical linguistics, reconstruction, innovation, Langkawi Island, Malay dialect.
Cite as: Ab. Hamid, N., Shahidi, A. H., Aman, R., Ramli, N., Zakaria, Z., & Iswary, E. (2022). Malay dialect variants in Langkawi: A diachronic perspective analysis. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 7(1), 142-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss1pp142-167
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Osipova, E. P. "MYTHOLOGEMES OF THE RYAZAN-MORDOVIAN BORDER." Onomastics of the Volga Region, no. 2 (2020): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2020-2.onomast.263-270.
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The article covers mythologemes recorded in the Shatsk area of the Ryazan region. The dialect material demonstrates different semantic content of mythologemes in Shatsk dialects, which shows reduction of mythological images in rural residents' consciousness: a mythological character itself - a character of disguise - a scarecrow or a bogeyman - a character for scaring children. The ritual function of the characters in modern dialects is mainly lost and preserved only in the older generation's memory.
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Daniel, Michael, Ruprecht von Waldenfels, Aleksandra Ter-Avanesova, Polina Kazakova, Ilya Schurov, Ekaterina Gerasimenko, Daria Ignatenko, et al. "Dialect loss in the Russian North: Modeling change across variables." Language Variation and Change 31, no. 3 (October 2019): 353–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394519000243.
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AbstractWe analyze the dynamics of dialect loss in a cluster of villages in rural northern Russia based on a corpus of transcribed interviews, the Ustja River Basin Corpus. Eleven phonological and morphological variables are analyzed across 33 speakers born between 1922 and 1996 in a series of logistic regression models. We propose three characteristics for a comparison of the rate of loss of different variables: initial level, steepness, and turning point. We show that the dynamics of loss differs significantly across variables and discuss possible reasons for such differences, including perceptual salience, initial variation in the dialect, and convergence with regionally or socially defined varieties of Russian. In conclusion, we discuss the pros and cons of logistic regression as an approach to quantitative modeling of dialect loss. Our paper contributes to the study and documentation of Russian dialects, most of which are on the verge of extinction.
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Woidich, Manfred. "Rural Dialect of Egyptian Arabic: An Overview." Égypte/Monde arabe, no. 27-28 (December 31, 1996): 325–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/ema.1952.
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Bader, Yousef F., and Sajeda F. Al-Shatnawi. "Lexical Variation in the Rural North Jordanian Dialect." Studies in Linguistics and Literature 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): p94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sll.v5n1p94.
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This study investigates lexical variation, which is due to more education, more mobility, and widespread use of the social media, in the dialect of three towns around Irbid City in north Jordan and its correlation with age, gender, and level of education. Labov’s approach is adopted to examine the linguistic variation among 98 speakers of the Irbidite dialect. Around 100 words were collected and put in the form of a questionnaire to elicit the opinion of speakers from different age groups, genders, and levels of education towards the frequency of their use of these words. The study used the method of direct interview to elicit the feelings of the participants about the dialect they use. The results show that old speakers and less educated ones tend to preserve their native lexical items more than others. They indicated that they use the original lexical items because they are proud of their dialect which reflects their identity. The groups which tend more to neglect some lexical items are educated young and middle-aged female subjects. They indicated that they do so for prestige and imitation of peers in the Irbidite society.
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Borjian, Maryam, and Habib Borjian. "Ethno-Linguistic Materials from Rural Mazandaran." Iran and the Caucasus 11, no. 2 (2007): 227–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338407x265469.
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AbstractThe texts published here are in an eastern Mazandarani dialect spoken in the Caspian littoral in northern Iran. The informant is a rural woman who recollects the supernatural deeds of her father-in-law, revered like a saint after his death. The stories are narrated in a most intimate manner, something rarely published previously in Iranian dialect documentations. The folkloric songs typify those sung in Caspian rice paddies by women, who traditionally have a dominant role in the rural economy. The stories and songs provide both linguistic and ethnographic data for this poorly studied but important province with its unique culture among the Iranian-speaking groups in Iran.
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Koroleva, Inna. "Dialect Features of Smolensk-Mogilev Borderline in the Light of Lexicography." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 3 (55) (January 26, 2022): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2021-55-3-64-72.
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The article examines the linguistic specificity of Smolensk-Mogilev borderline dialects on the basis of dialect words. The intersection area of languages and cultures, Russian and Belarusian ones, currently attracts researchers’ attention in different fields of knowledge, including dialectologists. The common nature and difference, which is reflected in the vocabulary and phraseology of the border area, make it possible to talk about the relationship of the two languages,
Russian and Belarusian. The adjacent regions, where mainly the rural population dominates, attract attention primarily in their unique history reflected in the language. The
dialect of the borderlands is preserved in the vocabulary and phraseology of multiple common and parallel linguistic phenomena. Naturally, it is necessary to lexicograph the unique material. The article presents an analysis of the «Dictionary of Mogilev-Smolensk Borderline Diale ich partially reflects the material from the «Dictionary of Smolensk Dialects»
and the material of dialectological expeditions to the border areas of the Smolensk region. The article proposes prospects for the study of the Smolensk border areas, which will enrich the «Dictionary of Smolensk Dialects», being prepared
for reprinting, as well as its card index.
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Brennan, Molly Charlotte. "Rhoticity in a rural dialect: undergraduate dissertation reflection." Enhancing Learning in the Social Sciences 4, no. 3 (July 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.11120/elss.2012.04030015.
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Oetting, Janna B., and Janet L. McDonald. "Methods for Characterizing Participants' Nonmainstream Dialect Use in Child Language Research." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 45, no. 3 (June 2002): 505–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/040).
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Three different approaches to the characterization of research participants' nonmainstream dialect use can be found in the literature. They include listener judgment ratings, type-based counts of nonmainstream pattern use, and tokenbased counts. In this paper, we examined these three approaches, as well as shortcuts to these methods, using language samples from 93 children previously described in J. Oetting and J. McDonald (2001). Nonmainstream dialects represented in the samples included rural Louisiana versions of Southern White English (SWE) and Southern African American English (SAAE). Depending on the method and shortcut used, correct dialect classifications (SWE or SAAE) were made for 88% to 97% of the participants; however, regression algorithms had to be applied to the type- and token-based results to achieve these outcomes. For characterizing the rate at which the participants produced the nonmainstream patterns, the token-based methods were found to be superior to the others, but estimates from all approaches were moderately to highly correlated with each other. When type- and/or token-based methods were used to characterize participants' dialect type and rate, the number of patterns included in the analyses could be substantially reduced without significantly affecting the validity of the outcomes. These findings have important implications for future child language studies that are done within the context of dialect diversity.
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Flatt, Jake, and Laura Esteban-Segura. "A corpus-based study of some aspects of the Notts subdialect." Research in Corpus Linguistics 9, no. 2 (2021): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32714/ricl.09.02.07.
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Rural dialects are slowly disappearing and giving way to larger, more generalised ways of speaking (Trudgill 2004; Kortmann 2008; Beal 2010; Braber 2015). This paper is concerned with the study of the specific subdialect of Nottinghamshire, known as ‘Notts’ or ‘Nottinghamese’, and aims at describing its linguistic features. For the purpose, a personalised corpus of approximately 26,000 words has been compiled. The corpus consists of oral texts, which have been transcribed, from a TV show set in the area. The analysis is focused on three facets of the dialectal variation surrounding the county of Nottinghamshire, namely relating to the linguistic levels of phonology, morphosyntax and lexis. Several conclusions have been reached, including the /æ/ phoneme as an indicator of a northern dialect, the usage of the velar nasal plus cluster, as well as the pronunciation of continuous forms and past tense irregularities. In terms of lexical analysis, a justification for the evolution of language use in the area is provided.
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Bondarenko, E. D. "“Dictionary-Encyclopedia” as a Type of Amateur Dialect Dictionary (Dictionary of Bakal Town Dialect by B. P. Plaksin)." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 10 (October 29, 2021): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-10-9-27.
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A comprehensive description of one of the types of amateur dialect dictionaries, namely the “dictionary-encyclopedia”, is carried out. As a material for the analysis, a dictionary of the dialect of the Bakal town of the Chelyabinsk region, compiled by Boris Petrovich Plaksin (the volume of the dictionary is about 4000 words) was selected. The results of the analysis of the thematic, stylistic belonging of the vocabulary constituting the vocabulary of Plaksin’s dictionary are presented. It is shown that a significant part of the dictionary is made up of dialectal linguistic facts (as well as common and colloquial vocabulary and phraseology, which the author qualifies as local) of the thematic groups “Rural life”, “Economy”, “Human characteristics”, “Professional activities”, etc. It is emphasized that a vast layer of dialectal and national facts given in the dictionary is the vocabulary and phraseology of traditional folk culture, church terminology and vocabulary of the Old Believers, as well as designations of the realities of various historical eras. It is concluded that B. P. Plaksin chooses a strategy of value-historical selection of vocabulary and includes in his dictionary the vocabulary of various cultural and historical layers, focusing on the various sources available to him on Russian history, traditional rituals, historical facts, etc.
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Pronchenko, Sergei M. "Speech Portrait of the Old-timers of the East Slavic Bryansk-Gomel Border (On the 140 Anniversary Since the Birth of P. A. Rastorguyev)." Russkaia Rech, no. 1 (February 2021): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013161170013903-2.
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The relevance of this work is due to the lack of linguistic research devoted to the current state of the Bryansk dialects, functioning in the zone, where Russia, Belorussia and Ukraine border. The article considers phonetic, grammatical and lexical-phraseological features of speech of old-timers inhabiting the south-west of the Bryansk region (Novozybkov, villages of the Novozybkovsky urban district and Zlynkovsky district) primarily in comparison with the features noted in the works of the doctor of philological sciences, professor, full member of the Institute of Belarusian Culture (later — the Belarusian Academy of Sciences) Pavel Andreevich Rastorguev (1881–1959). The collective speech portrait of elderly villagers, represented by their idiolects, is made up, on the one hand, of dialectal peculiarities, on the other hand, of phenomena that correspond to the norms of the modern Russian literary language. Particular dialectal speech features are determined by special geographical position of the southwestern regions of the Bryansk region in the past and the territorial proximity of Belarus and Ukraine (Belarusian and Ukrainian languages and dialects). These features constitute the archaic layer of the Bryansk dialects, since in the speech of the young rural population living in the city, people from villages, urban residents, as a rule, these features are manifested to a lesser extent or are completely absent. The speech portrait of the old-timers of the Bryansk-Gomel borderland forms an idea about the modern features of the border East Slavic Russian-Belarusian dialect.
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Kobus, Justyna. "The dynamics of changes within grammatical gender of dialectal nouns – selected issues." Gwary Dziś 13 (December 15, 2020): 65–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/gd.2020.13.4.
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Due to problems with obtaining the materials and the description thereof, dialectal inflection is an element of language which does not attract lots of dialectologists’ attention. On the other hand, the inflection of Wielkopolska dialects poses more problems in the description because there is no starting point in the form of previous characteristics of inflection that would create a need for a continuous description that shows the changes in the evolution of a dialect. The language spoken in rural areas in the late 20th and the early 21st centuries has entered a stage of dynamic changes on all its levels. This fact cannot be disregarded in selecting the appropriate research tools. Dialectal inflection cannot be unambiguously categorised, it is full of inconsistencies and deviations from (what seems to be) the adopted paradigm. As a result, it is much more interesting to show it as a flexible creation of oral language i.e. in a dynamic way, resulting from statistical analyses. The dynamics of inflection forms within grammatical gender is a part of a larger monograph dedicated to the gender-related variability of nouns and the change of gender in the course of inflection and the well-recognised opposition of masculine gender and non-masculine gender. My intention was not only to describe phenomena of grammatical gender of the nouns recorded in contemporary Wielkopolska as well as to show the changes against the material from the 1950s–1980s. The gender category defies attempts at restoring some normative order in it. Oral language is particularly susceptible to gender-related variations where the rules of correction are suspended. Oral language tends to be dynamic and this active nature determines the intensity of the specific features of the spoken variety of the Polish language – the right form is created when an act of speech appears (conformity with the general Polish norm does not count – communication prevails). Despite its specificity, the spoken variety stays within the more or less flexible language norm. An analysis of the materials intended to illustrate the dynamics of changes within grammatical gender leads to drawing general conclusions. Dialects are a variety of the national language to which we would like to attribute many distinctive historical and even pre-historical features. However, this is a variety of language which evolves as do the other varieties of the national language. Speakers will always choose forms which suffice for an efficient act of communication. Dialects are at a stage of their development where researchers try to determine elements typical of a dialect and forget to examine their latest structure which results from the latest communication needs of speakers in rural areas.
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Strand, Thea R. "Tradition as innovation: Dialect revalorization and maximal orthographic distinction in rural Norwegian writing." Multilingua 38, no. 1 (January 26, 2019): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/multi-2018-0006.
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Abstract In rural Valdres, Norway, the traditional regional dialect, called Valdresmål, has become an important resource for popular style and local development projects. Stigmatized through much of the twentieth century for its association with poor, rural, “backward” farmers and culture, Valdresmål has been thoroughly revalorized, with particularly high status among local youth and those involved in business and tourism. While today’s parents and grandparents attest to historical pressures to adopt normative urban linguistic forms, many in Valdres now proclaim dialect pride and have re-embraced spoken Valdresmål in various forms of public, interdialectal communication. In addition, Valdres natives also make abundant and creative use of dialect on social media, the primary locus for written Valdresmål and for emergent orthographic norms representing local speech, including strategies of maximal sociolinguistic distinction. This innovative use of written Valdresmål has been taken up by local businesses as a marketing strategy in recent years, as well, further normalizing and legitimating nonstandard forms. In the ongoing revalorization of traditional Valdresmål, it is also, inevitably, transformed—linguistically, socially, and ideologically—as it enters and circulates within new and innovative cultural domains: while widespread written Valdresmål challenges the normal sociolinguistic order, in such a process the dialect is also refunctionalized and, perhaps, increasingly standardized.
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Hinskens, Frans. "The future of dialects and the dialectology of the future." Taal en Tongval 72, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 39–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tet2020.1.hins.
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Abstract The days when dialectology was a quiet island in the (sometimes rough) ocean of modern linguistics seem to be over. Since the so-called social turn and the integration of quantitative methods into the study of urban as well as rural dialects, the barriers between early ‘Labovian’ sociolinguistics and dialectology have gradually been broken down. Of late, the study of dialect variation has become more and more an integral part of mainstream formal theory as ‘micro-variation’. Even more recently, constructivist approaches (such as Usage-based Phonology and Exemplar Theory for phonetics as well as ethnographic perspectives) are entering and enriching the field. Apart from these various developments, at least in the Old World, the object appears to be changing more and more rapidly, giving rise to the erosion of traditional dialect landscapes and the emergence of supra-local koinai as well as dialect/standard continua. This paper addresses some of the main aspects of these tendencies. We will discuss questions such as: how can the new types of language variety be studied; can dialectology be enriched with other than the traditional data and methods; how far-reaching is the innovative impact of the various disciplinary, inter-subdisciplinary and inter-disciplinary cross-fertilisations?
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Erker, Aksana, and Björn Wiemer. "Manifestations of areal convergence in rural Belarusian spoken in the Baltic-Slavic contact zone." Journal of Language Contact 4, no. 2 (2011): 184–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187740911x589280.
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AbstractThis article combines methods and insights from dialect geography, areal and contact linguistics. It focuses on a specific, yet heavily understudied mixed dialect of Belarusian spoken in the entire Slavic-Baltic contact region. It turns out that on practically all levels (from phonetics to syntax), the variation of features encountered in this dialect is, from all varieties of that region, the most representative for convergence phenomena characteristic of East Slavic, Polish and/or Baltic varieties in contact with each other. This convergence is so far-reaching that, for instance, it seems impossible to distinguish the rural Belarusian vernacular from regional varieties of Polish on the basis of structural properties alone, despite the fact that these varieties are clearly perceived as different by both native speakers and field linguists. Simultaneously, features of the Belarusian dialect – and, thus, of the whole contact region which it most accurately reflects – should be judged under the perspective of larger areal clines (in particular, within the eastern part of the Circum Baltic Area); this view is pursued on the basis of Wiemer (2004) and more recent insights into the areal distribution of structural features crossing family boundaries. Such areal continua, in turn, intersect with inner-Slavic dialect continua and phenomena occurring in various locally restricted “pockets” scattered around in Slavic. On the background of this, we approach answers to the problem of determining the influence of contact (with Baltic and/or Finnic) over “genetic heritage” and the question of which features are more “immune” against influence from genealogically less close contact varieties.
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Fernández Cuesta, Julia. "The Voice of the Dead." Journal of English Linguistics 42, no. 4 (September 18, 2014): 330–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0075424214549561.
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This article comprises a sociolinguistic analysis of the distribution of northern features in two sixteenth-century collections of wills of urban and rural provenance ( York Clergy Wills and Swaledale Wills and Inventories, respectively). It is suggested that there is a correlation between dialect features such as the Northern Subject Rule, the uninflected genitive, and the third person plural pronouns and the urban or rural provenance of the wills as well as, to some extent, the social rank of the testators. This sheds light on how social factors might condition the resilience of dialect features in sixteenth-century northern English.
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Monka, Malene, Pia Quist, and Astrid Ravn Skovse. "Place attachment and linguistic variation: A quantitative analysis of language and local attachment in a rural village and an urban social housing area." Language in Society 49, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 173–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404519000733.
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AbstractThis article presents the results of a quantitative analysis of language variation and place attachment in two different places in Denmark—a rural, mono-ethnic village where traditional dialect is still used in everyday practices, and a multiethnic suburban social housing district where speakers use features associated with regional dialect and multiethnic youth styles. It is argued that variationist sociolinguistics, dialect research, as well as sociolinguistics that foregrounds situated interaction analysis need to develop methodologies that include and combine information about speakers’ individual mobility histories, local practices, and future orientations in relation to language use and place. For this purpose, this study employs a quantified measure, an index of local attachment, of speakers’ attachment to their local area. The index is calculated on the basis of insights from ethnographic fieldwork and interviews, and is compared to the variation of three linguistic variables in each location. Results show differences between the two places, the rural and the urban communities, as well as between individuals that can be explained by differences in place affordances, life histories, and future orientation. (Place, local attachment, mobility, dialect, multiethnic speech style, quantitative analysis)*
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Mohaidat, Mohammed Mahmoud Talal. "Modern Standard Arabic and Rural Palestinian Dialect: Patterns of the Active Participle." International Education Studies 10, no. 6 (May 30, 2017): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n6p130.
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This paper was mainly concerned with analyzing the processes of active participle formation in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). It also aimed to examine the Rural Palestinian Dialect (RPD) in order to reveal the derivation of the active participle in this dialect and to describe any patterns that might vary from MSA. The study was based on the traditional notions of root and pattern which characterize Arabic morphology. The data for this study were collected from various sources. These sources are not researchers but they are people originated from Palestine. Then the data were analyzed in terms of morphology.
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Demeshkina, Tatiana A., and Maria A. Tolstova. "The Communicative Strategy of Self-Presentation in Female Dialect Discourse (Based on Autobiographical Stories)." Tekst. Kniga. Knigoizdanie, no. 24 (2020): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/23062061/24/3.
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The article examines the communicative strategy of self-presentation in female dialect discourse. Female dialect discourse is understood as a gender-marked type of dialect discourse. On the one hand, it incorporates all the features of dialect discourse; on the other, it has a number of features due to the gender of the subject. The sources of the study were oral autobiographical stories recorded during dialectological expeditions organized by the staff of Tomsk State University from 1946 to the present time in the areas where Russian old-timer dialects of the Middle Ob region are in use. The description of self-presentation strategy tactics in the female dialect discourse includes the following stages: identification and typification of the main tactics; analysis of their content; description of their linguistic expression. Based on the nature of the data provided (presence or absence of a subjective evaluative component), the authors identified the key tactics implementing the strategy of self-presentation: transferring objective information and transferring subjective information. The tactic of transferring objective information about oneself involves the transfer of factual information of a logical nature, which is based on facts: age, marital status, presence/absence of children, profession, place of residence, etc. The tactic of transferring subjective information contains the respondent’s evaluation of their appearance, character traits, intellectual level, life experience, description of the emotional state, interests, demonstration of attitudes. A positive impression of oneself in female dialect discourse is verbalized through the creation of a worthy image that corresponds to social and moral norms. Women demonstrate the following character traits and life principles: diligence, honesty, decency, calm temper, cleanliness, hospitality, negative attitude to alcohol, etc. Life values and principles are expressed through a positive description of close relatives, contrast with other people, negative evaluation or condemnation of actions and moral qualities of other people. The transmission of negative information about oneself is associated with evaluations of one’s intelligence, memory, speech abilities, appearance, age-related changes, as well as the informants’ belonging to rural culture, low educational level, lack of qualifications and profession. The communicative self-presentation strategy tactics in female dialect discourse are verbalized using multilevel linguistic means: evaluative vocabulary, metaphors, comparisons, numerals, adverbs, and various types of statements.
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Dyszak, Andrzej S. "A heritage park or treasury? Material culture of the inhabitants of Bydgoszcz preserved in their urban dialect: Etymological analysis." Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury 33 (October 12, 2021): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/et.2021.33.271.
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The study concerns the names of clothing, home furnishings, everyday objects, tools, and means of transport contained in the lexicon of the Bydgoszcz city dialect. This lexical stock includes the names of the outer garment (e.g. buks ‘trousers’), recreational clothes (badeje ‘swimming trunks’), headgear (e.g. lujmycka ‘hooligan’s cap’), footwear (e.g. kropusy ‘men’s shoes with high uppers’). Another area is the apartment; for example, the names of kitchen equipment have German origin (e.g. ausgust ‘kitchen sink’, kastrolka ‘saucepan’). This also concerns the names of three stools differing in height: the lowest one is called ryczka, a taller one is szemel, and the tallest is hoker. Texts in the Bydgoszcz city dialect also contain the names of artefacts necessary to perform everyday activities, such as cleaning (e.g. szruber ‘rice brush’) or laundry (e.g. balia ‘large wooden bath tub’). A separate place in the material culture of the inhabitants of Bydgoszcz is occupied by technological vocabulary, such as the names of tools (żaga ‘saw’) and transport (e.g. rolwaga ‘horse-drawn cart for transportation of goods’). Most of the names are Germanisms. A smaller number come from rural or folk dialects (e.g. modre ‘bleaching agent’, rydelek ‘visor of a cap’, szlory ‘old, trodden footwear’, trygiel ‘cast iron pot’). It is concluded that the city dialect is not only a museum or heritage park but also a treasury of old words.
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Cygan, Stanisław. "Dialect in the consciousness of rural inhabitants (the example of Kielce and Opoczno regions)." Język a Kultura 28 (May 5, 2021): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1232-9657.28.3.
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The subject matter of the article is the way in which the rural population of two regions, namely Kielce and Opoczno, sees their language. Field studies were conducted in 2018, involving mainly the oldest residents of the village of Lasocin, Kielce County (1993–1997 and later) and 40 villages in Opoczno County in 2018. The responses, recorded using a voice recorder, show that they treat dialect as a variety of language of a limited geographical range: mainly local (borders of one village, several neighbouring villages); regional (e.g. Silesia, Kaszuby, Kielce, Opoczno, Podhale, Kurpie and others), characteristic of the oldest generation. The dialect is also, in their opinion, a vital indicator of local identity, an essential element of community ties (cf. mówić po nasemu). The dialect in the consciousness of the speakers is distinguished by certain linguistic features from the phonetic subsystem, e.g. a narrowed vowel articulation a→o, e→i, y, articulation broadening i, y→e, e.g. piełka, bieł, beła, labialisation of the initial o, denasalisation of nasal vowels ą→o, ę→e, and lexis, e.g. kaj, źmioki, zaściegacka, podwyrze, plindze, nizinier.
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Saladino, Rosa. "Language shift in standard Italian and dialect: A case study." Language Variation and Change 2, no. 1 (March 1990): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500000260.
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Sakalauskienė, Vilija. "Ethnolinguistic Information about RUGYS (Rye) in Lithuanian Dialect Dictionaries." Vilnius University Open Series, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 269–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vllp.2021.17.
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The article analyzes what ethnolinguistic information about rye can be read in the entries of Lithuanian dialect dictionaries. The research data were selected from thirteen dictionaries of Lithuanian dialects and the comprehensive Lietuvių kalbos žodynas (Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language). Thus, dialectal dictionaries are an excellent source of lexical semantic research based on the research methodology of the linguistic image of the world. The research presented in the article was inspired by the Słownik stereotypόw i symboli ludowych (SSiSL) (Dictionary of Folk Stereotypes and Symbols) published by the Lublin Ethnolinguistic School.An attempt is being made to find an answer to the question whether rugys (rye) is just a source of food and a basis for biological existence for Lithuanian farmers and rural residents? It is assumed that rye is synonymous with bread as a gift from God to farmers. According to folklore sources, people sacrificed the best stook of rye to God. According to the tradition of the Polish people, rye is a symbol of abundance, wealth, kindness; according to the tradition of the Lithuanians it is a symbol of growth, vitality, fertility and endurance.Analyzing the data of Lithuanian dialect dictionaries and the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language it was established that the lexeme rye is used in various parts of lexicographic articles: 1) as a title word in dictionary entries; 2) in definitions and illustrative sentences; 3) in the illustrations of entries of other words (for example, crops, grain, shoot, winter crops); 4) in terminological compounds (e. g. African rye (Secale africanum), annual cereal (Secale cereale), cereal grass (Secale sylvestre); 5) in paremias; 6) in phraseological compounds.The lexicographic definition of the lexeme rye highlights the following features of the category: a plant, eared (various properties: winter crop, upright, strong, dense, etc.), a symbol of everyday life. The illustrative examples of the words reflect man’s respect for rye as a plant that gives bread.
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Nedostupova, Lubov V. "Male village name of one dialect of the Voronezh region." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 1 (January 2022): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.1-22.021.
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The study is devoted to the study of a person in the aspect of the anthropocentric paradigm. The purpose of the study is determined by the description of male nicknames, given by name and surname in the dialect of the village of Vysoky Talovsky district of the Voronezh region, clarification of their meaning, metaphor names with associative links, determination of expressive-stylistic coloring, part of speech, ways of forming words. The subject of the study was the unofficial names of men and their reflection in folk speech. The object is the South Russian dialect. The linguistic material is the dialectal speech of older representatives, recorded by the author of the article in the process of direct communication. The work used the following methods: survey and interviewing, stationary observation, analysis, description and comparison. The research results are reflected in 90 anthroponyms that make up the village name list. In it, some street names act as metaphors and are associated with representatives of the animal world, birds, and objects of the surrounding reality. The expressive coloration of anthroponyms speaks of a different linguistic palette, from tenderness to rudeness. The illustration of the data obtained by means of the Russian dialect revealed the functioning of different ways of forming nicknames, among which the suffix and shortening of the surname are productive. The established tradition of communication between people in a rural environment is a convenient and stable structure over time. It became part of the local dialect system. The material is being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
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Kerswill, Paul. "Rural dialect speakers in an urban speech community: the role of dialect contact in defining a sociolinguistic concept." International Journal of Applied Linguistics 3, no. 1 (June 1993): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-4192.1993.tb00042.x.
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Oetting, Janna B., and Janet L. McDonald. "Nonmainstream Dialect Use and Specific Language Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 44, no. 1 (February 2001): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2001/018).
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Most work looking at specific language impairment (SLI) has been done in the context of mainstream dialects. This paper extends the study of SLI to two nonmainstream dialects: a rural version of Southern African American English (SAAE) and a rural version of Southern White English (SWE). Data were language samples from 93 4- to 6-year-olds who lived in southeastern Louisiana. Forty were classified as speakers of SAAE, and 53 were classified as speakers of SWE. A third were previously diagnosed as SLI; the others served as either agematched (6N) or language-matched (4N) controls. The two dialects differed in frequency of usage on 14 of the 35 coded morphosyntactic surface patterns; speakers of these dialects could be successfully discriminated (94%) from each other in a discriminant analysis using just four of these patterns. Across dialects, four patterns resulted in main effects that were related to diagnostic condition (SLI vs. 6N), and a slightly different set of four patterns showed effects that were related to developmental processes (4N vs. 6N). More interestingly, the surface characteristics of SLI were found to manifest in the two dialects in different ways. A discriminant function based solely on SAAE speakers tended to misclassify SWE children with SLI as having normal language, and a discriminant function based on SWE speakers tended to misclassify SAAE unaffected children as SLI. Patterns within the SLI profile that cut across the two dialects included difficulties with tense marking and question formation. The results provide important direction for future studies and argue for the inclusion of contrastive as well as noncontrastive features of dialects within SLI research.
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Holes, Clive. "Towards a dialect geography of oman." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 52, no. 3 (October 1989): 446–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00034558.
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This study presents some new observations on selected features of the phonology and morphology of the Omani Arabic dialects, and attempts to place them in a peninsula-wide typological framework. The paper is based on the results of an analysis of tape-recorded conversational data gathered in more than thirty, mainly rural locations in northern Oman between 1985 and 1987. Most of the speakers were men and women aged 35 and above with little or no formal education who, if not retired, were engaged in traditional occupations such as farming, fishing, pottery and animal husbandry. Much of the data was gathered in the context of a study of the epidemiology of rheumatic diseases conducted on a random sample of 2,000 Omanis adults by my wife for the Omani Ministry of Health, during which the subjects were interviewed by me at length in their homes or places of work.
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Stanford, James N. "One size fits all? Dialectometry in a small clan-based indigenous society." Language Variation and Change 24, no. 2 (July 2012): 247–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394512000087.
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AbstractIn many societies, dialectometry has revealed strong correlations between geographic distances and dialect differences (e.g., Gooskens, 2005; Heeringa & Nerbonne, 2001; Nerbonne, 2009, 2010). But what happens when dialectometry is applied to a small, clan-based society such as the indigenous Sui people of rural southwest China? The Sui results show a strong correlation between dialect difference and geographic distance, thus supporting Nerbonne and Kleiweg's (2007) Fundamental Dialectological Postulate. A new culturally specific computation, “rice paddy distance,” also provides a strong correlation with dialect differences. However, the study finds that some dialectometry patterns of larger societies are not “compressible” into small societies such as Sui. Clan exogamy also poses challenges for dialectometry. Nonetheless, the overall results show that basic principles of dialect variation in space can be generalized cross-culturally, even across very different cultures. This paper also suggests a “lower limit” for dialectology, that is, the smallest distance where regional dialectology may be relevant, all other things being equal.
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Fitch, Kristine, and Stella Maris Bortoni-Ricardo. "The Urbanization of Rural Dialect Speakers: A Sociolinguistic Study in Brazil." Language 63, no. 2 (June 1987): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415703.
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Humeidat, Amer Radwan. "Assessing Al-Koura Rural Dialect Archaic Vocabulary Among the Young Generation." International Journal of Linguistics 10, no. 4 (August 30, 2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v10i4.13457.
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The present study deals with the phenomenon of lexical loss in Al-Koura Rural Dialect in Irbid Governorate, in the northern part of Jordan. Some pre-cultural words suffer from loss and disappearance, and hence, become obsolete. The study aims at identifying the pre-cultural words that are undergoing lexical loss. The study also investigates the diffusion of pre-cultural words among the young generation speakers. The study also examines the linguistic and extra linguistic factors such as solidarity marker, level of education on certain pre-cultural words among the young generation. The present study involved two central methods necessary to achieve the purposes of the study. The first method was to make interview recordings with old group members to collect pre-cultural words through addressing general questions. The questions covered a variety of topics such as food, clothes, glasses and weather. The second method was to compile a questionnaire with the pre-cultural words to be distributed among the young speakers. The questionnaire contained 222 pre-cultural words which refer to several spheres and contexts of life in the society at the previous era. The questionnaire was distributed to 400 young participants. The study group included school and college male and female students. The study group also included other employees from different governmental sectors in Al-Koura District. The findings showed that 168 words were not much familiar to the young speakers. The findings also revealed that the pre-cultural words were sort of familiar to the male young speakers rather than the female young speakers. The lower the age, the less familiar s/he with the traditional pre-cultural words. The educated young speakers who have a lower or medium education level obtain little knowledge of pre-cultural words. The solidarity among the young speakers appeared to be higher than that of the old people.
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Hazen, Kirk. "Mergers in the mountains." English World-Wide 26, no. 2 (June 14, 2005): 199–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.26.2.05haz.
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This paper examines the status of two vowel mergers in a rural area of the United States. The front-lax merger has traditionally been a southern US merger, and the low-back merger has traditionally been a northern or western US merger. In areas of West Virginia, the same speakers demonstrate both. This geographic overlap of both mergers reinforces the idea that West Virginia is a transitional dialect region. In addition, the traditionally distinct dialect regions of West Virginia are finding increased unity in this overlap of mergers.
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Wolfram, Walt, and Clare Dannenberg. "Dialect Identity in a Tri-Ethnic Context." English World-Wide 20, no. 2 (December 31, 1999): 179–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.20.2.01wol.
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This study examines the development of a Native American Indian variety of English in the context of a rural community in the American South where European Americans, African Americans and Native American Indians have lived together for a couple of centuries now. The Lumbee Native American Indians, the largest Native American group east of the Mississippi River and the largest group in the United States without reservation land, lost their ancestral language relatively early in their contact with outside groups, but they have carved out a unique English dialect niche which now distinguishes them from cohort European American and African American vernaculars. Processes of selective accommodation, differential language change and language innovation have operated to develop this distinct ethnic variety, while their cultural isolation and sense of "otherness" in a bi-polar racial setting have served to maintain its ethnic marking.
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Vilcāne, Ilona. "VOWEL PECULIARITIES ASSOCIATED WITH CULTUROHISTORICAL BOUNDARIES IN THE RUDZĀTI SUBDIALECT." Via Latgalica, no. 7 (March 22, 2016): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2015.7.1216.
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<p><em>This article expands upon the findings of the paper presented at the 8<sup>th</sup> International Conference of Latgalistics. The study is based more generally upon the author’s study that forms the basis of the Master’s thesis “The culturohistorical circumstances of the development of the Rudzāti subdialect”.</em></p><p><em>The Rudzāti<sub>437</sub> subdialect is spoken in contemporary Līvāni municipality in the parish of Rudzāti, and also in section Z of Rožupe parish. The neighboring subdialect ZR is Atašiene<sub>432, </sub>ZA – Stirniene<sub>433</sub>, A – Preiļi<sub>439</sub>, D – Vārkava<sub>438</sub>, bet R – Līvāni<sub>436</sub> (see Figure 1).</em></p><p><em>Since geographic, economic or political circumstances have differentiated groups of people (In Latvia, the largest factor is in the development of dialects has been the allocation of territory to different manor estates, Rudzīte 2005: 15), the aim of the research is to clarify which culturohistorical boundaries crossed the territory of the Rudzāti dialect until it became a single parish in 1925, which neighboring dialects influenced its development, and whether this is reflected in contemporary phonetic material, especially in the dialect’s vowel sounds.</em></p><p><em>Interviews conducted for the 2010–2012 ESF project “Their nest, their land – Latvian rural population development strategy and cultural change” were used in the research (ESF 2010–2012). Three Rudzāti speakers from the ZA subdialect area were also interviewed (Speaker interviews, 2015).</em></p><p><em>The most important factor in the analysis of the characteristics of the Rudzāti<sub>437</sub> dialect was the gathering of the most accurate sociolinguistic information possible about the speakers. It was especially important to discern the places of birth and current residence of the speakers, in order to detect peculiarities in the “endpoints” of the Rudzāti<sub>437 </sub>dialect and isolate these. For this reason, it was also important to query the place of birth of speakers’ parents. Attention was also paid to each speaker’s religious confession and denomination. The Ošas river was used as a conditional boundary line during analysis of speaker material, because this was the boundary between the counties of Rēzekne and Daugavpils during the Russian Imperial period, and speakers of the dialect were grouped according to which side of the river their place of residence was located.</em></p><em>In the study, correlations to the vowels and diphthongs of standard Latvian were analyzed in the Rudzāti dialect in addition to vowel deletions, reductions and insertions in the final syllables. Special attention was paid to instances in which vowel and diphthong shifts indicated the possibility of intersections with isoglosses. Such differences were found in shifts of the standard Latvian vowels e, ā, ē, ū and the diphthong ei.</em>
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Gordon, Matthew J. "Language Variation and Change in Rural Communities." Annual Review of Linguistics 5, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 435–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011817-045545.
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Despite the difficulty of delineating the rural from the urban according to economic or demographic criteria, this distinction has powerful cultural resonances, and language plays a key role in constructing the cultural divide between rural and urban. Sociolinguists have generally devoted more attention to urban communities, but substantial research has explored language variation and change in rural areas, and this scholarship complements the perspective gained from studies of metropolitan speech. This article reviews research on rural speech communities that examines the linguistic dimensions of the urban/rural divide as well as social dynamics driving language variation and change in rural areas. One theme emerging from this literature is the role of dialect contact and how its effects are shaped by material as well as attitudinal factors.
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Trajkovic, Tatjana. "Nis speech through the prism of diglossia." Juznoslovenski filolog 74, no. 2 (2018): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi1802089t.
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This paper presents an analysis of the speech used by teachers and pupils in high schools in Nis, which linguistically and geographically belongs to the Prizren-Timok dialect area, and in a narrower sense to the Prizren-South Moravian dialect. Yet, it differs as an urban environment from the nearby rural speeches. The examination was done on the basis of an anonymous questionnaire which contained questions on the attitudes towards the dialect and its place in communication, while the other part of the questionnaire was related to the practical use of dialectal and standard forms of the Serbian language in different communicative circumstances. The data received were analyzed after the quantitative and qualitative methods. The statistic analysis contained the following segments: the attitudes towards the dialect, the use of dialect forms in all situations, the use of standard forms or those adapted to the standard in all situations, the use of linguistic forms according to gender and the use of standard forms or those adapted to the standard in formal circumstances. The descriptive method was used to analyze all the results, which led to the description of the basic characteristics of the observed idioms, the difference between the two groups and the portrait of the modern Nis vernacular from the angle of diglossia of the chosen groups of speakers. It was shown that the teachers decide to change the code more often when adapting to the interlocutor. In those cases, they usually adapt the place of accent which points to the fact that the dialectal place of the accent is an important characteristic of the speech of teachers in informal situations. In addition, the teachers decide to change the manner in which they use the Future Tense I, which shows that the usage of the analytic forms enclitic (+ da) + the Present Tense is also a characteristic of the teachers? speech. The students most often decide to adapt the Future Tense I forms, which would mean that the construction enclitic (+ da) + the Present Tense is an important characteristic of the students? speech. Furthermore, the place of the accent in a speech unit, which refers to the dialect in informal circumstances of communication, is also an important characteristic. Both speaker groups rarely decide to change the use of the locative case in speech. Such a state leads to the conclusion that both teachers and students use the standard form of the locative case in uncontrolled speech, that is, they rarely interchange it with the forms of the accusative case or the general case which marks it as an important characteristic of the Prizren-Timok speech. The analysis of the diglossic behavior of the two groups of Nis speakers pointed to the fact that there is a certain type of interdialect, which is especially noticeable in the group consisting of students. They use the standard and dialectal forms at the same time regardless of the interlocutor and that would be the basic characteristic of this idiom. Only one segment of Nis city speech is presented in this paper and it should be examined further and in greater detail, by using different methods.
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Petersen, Jan Heegård. "Phonological Individuation in a Former Danish Settlement in South Dakota, USA." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 30, no. 2 (April 18, 2018): 97–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542717000071.
Full textAbstract:
The article describes the manifestation and distribution of 15 phonological variables in a rural heritage language community in South Dakota, USA. I discuss to what extent dialect convergence has occurred in this former Danish settlement. The data sample encompasses speakers born in Northwest Jutland in Denmark, as well as speakers born in South Dakota to parents who emigrated from Northwest Jutland. The analysis shows that dialectal convergence has not occurred to any significant degree, in spite of what may be expected; speakers born in South Dakota have significantly more dialectal features in their speech than the speakers born in Denmark. The analysis also reveals a sizeable degree of inter-speaker variation within both groups, as well as a considerable variation between the variables with respect to how likely they are to be realized dialectally versus nondialectally. The results are discussed in relation to theories of shared linguistic repertoire and individuation in small speech communities.*
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Lippi-Green, Rosina L. "Social network integration and language change in progress in a rural alpine village." Language in Society 18, no. 2 (June 1989): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500013476.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThe quantification of communication network integration can provide information valuable to the study of language change in very small rural communities. The adaptation of urban and communication network methodology for rural alpine social structures establishes a framework for the study of variation leading to change based on individual usage for the dialect of Grossdorf in Vorarlberg, Austria's western-most province. This approach is particularly relevant when study of aggregate group behavior has failed to yield results due to small sample size or group internal inconsistency. (Field methods, language networks, variation and change)
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STANFORD, JAMES N. "“Eating the food of our place”: Sociolinguistic loyalties in multidialectal Sui villages." Language in Society 38, no. 3 (June 2009): 287–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404509090502.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTAmong the Sui people of rural southwestern China, descent-group loyalties are closely tied to linguistic features. In every village, long-term dialect contact occurs between local villagers and in-marrying women from different clans, yet most speakers maintain their original dialect features to a high degree. The present study conducts ethnographic interviews to more deeply understand why such behavior occurs. Most current, practice-based models of identity tend to emphasize dynamic, flexible, individualistic choices – an approach that suits variation on many levels in many societies. However, to understand the descent-group loyalties particular to indigenous, non-Western, clan-based cultures like Sui, a more tempered, culturally sensitive model is necessary. Speakers show a deep sense of stability, permanence, and collective loyalty to communities of descent, (re)produced through stable linguistic expressions: acts of loyalty. The study also highlights the use of indigenous minorities’ own categories (place, toponyms, lineage) rather than non-indigenous categories. (Language and identity, place, dialect contact, clan, indigenous minority, acts of identity, acts of loyalty, community of practice, community of descent)
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Hlukhovtseva, Kateryna. "Surname as a text-forming factor of dialect text." Linguistics, no. 1 (42) (2020): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2631-2020-1-42-16-27.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyzes the structure of the East Slobozhansk dialect text, which motivates the origin of the nickname. The author argues that dialect texts on the origin, interpretation and history of rural nicknames have a similar structure, which allows in the text ‘origin of the nickname’ as a model of a separate class of texts with hierarchically organized prototype features (semiotic, structural, intentional, pragmatic and others) identify the following semantic and structural parts: nickname, word-motivator, motivational-interpretative text, additional evidence of the person, narrator, etc. The first two parts are usually required. Others may be either completely absent or characterized by varying degrees of detail. The motivational text usually provides a wide range of evidence about the features of mental traits, traditions, beliefs, preferences of the language community. Motivators of rural nicknames can be words of proprial vocabulary (name of father, mother, surname, reduced-loving forms of names of the bearer of a nickname, surnames of known actors, names of radio or TV programs) or appellation (names of birds, animals, any general names or derived adjectives, tokens used in children's speech, dialectisms, artificially created words, etc.). When a nickname occurs, there is a metaphorical rethinking of the meaning of the appellation. Texts about the origin of nicknames produced by a dialect carrier are based on the pretext (a certain event or situation in the life of the language community, which became the basis for the emergence of its own name; individual traits of a member of the language community, etc.). The macrotext „nickname” is a synthesis of thematic-semantic, pragmatic and functional-stylistic factors. It represents the intentions of the author, ie the purpose of creating the text of the nickname, the personal characteristics of the author, the nature of addressing. Most nicknames are characterized by stylistic and semantic significance, often crudely expressive. Therefore, the text, which explains the origin of the nickname, is marked mainly by a negative connotation, the center of which is the nickname itself, and on the periphery there are tokens that complement, clarify, express the nickname and the word motivator.