Academic literature on the topic 'Rural exodus'
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Journal articles on the topic "Rural exodus"
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Halsey, R. John. "Youth Exodus and Rural Communities." Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 19, no. 3 (November 1, 2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v19i3.571.
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One of the common characteristics of rural communities globally, and especially those in the developed countries of the world, is the exodus of youth in search of 'greener pastures'. Alston and Kent (2003) argue that "[t]he lack of meaningful full-time work in rural areas is one of the main reasons for young people leaving rural communities" (p. 6). Limited post-secondary education and training is another significant reason for the exodus of youth from rural areas. Often added to this is a gender imbalance, where young females leave rural areas at a higher rate than young males. There are also challenges associated with the education of Indigenous youth so they have choices about their cultural identity, employment opportunities and personal fulfilment.
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Cai, Fang. "The Great Exodus." China Agricultural Economic Review 10, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-10-2017-0178.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the process of rural labor reallocation and unfolds its growth effect through sufficiently supplying human resources, preventing diminishing return to capital, and increasing labor productivity. Design/methodology/approach The author surveys literature and statistics related to the subject to comprehensively picture the 40-year course of the shift and reallocation of agricultural surplus labor. Findings In the past 40 years, reforms in relevant areas have eliminated institutional barriers deterring labor mobility and allowed agricultural laborers to exit from low-productivity farming employment, migrate beyond rural-urban boundary and across regions, sectors, and ownerships, and enter higher productivity employment in non-agricultural sectors. As a result, resources allocative efficiency has been substantially improved, contributing a significant part to labor productivity growth and thus economic growth of the Chinese economy as a whole. Social implications To sustain this source of economic growth as far as China completes its transition from upper-middle income status to high-income status, deepening reforms is urgently needed. The author provides policy suggestions for further reform. Originality/value This paper enhances people’s understanding of the Chinese economic reform and its nature of efficiency and inclusion.
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Heitor, Teresa Valsassina, and Jorge Gonçalves. "Êxodos e emigração:." Êxodos e Migrações 4, no. 6 (December 18, 2019): 54–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24168/revistaprumo.v4i6.1180.
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The region of Lisbon experienced, from the mid-20th century, successive waves of immigration and internal migration that profoundly altered its socio-territorial configuration. Rural exodus, the forced return of the Portuguese colonists, during and after the wars of independence in the former colonies, and immigration spurred by major public works financed by the European Community, are the most striking examples. Since that time, the Lisbon Metropolitan Area has never ceased facing great challenges in housing provision. The article seeks to describe the impacts of these exodus and migrations, which are distinct in intensity and shape, but reveal how housing supply has remained the weakest pillar of the Portuguese Social State.
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FONSECA, Wéverson Lima, Wéverton José Lima FONSECA, Augusto Matias de OLIVEIRA, Gleissa Mayone Silva VOGADO, Gioto Ghiarone Terto e. SOUSA, Tiago de Oliveira SOUSA, Severino Cavalcante de SOUSA JÚNIOR, and Carlos Syllas Monteiro LUZ. "CAUSES AND RURAL EXODUS AFTERMATH IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL." Nucleus 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2015): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3738/1982.2278.1422.
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Johansson, Mats. "Young women and rural exodus – Swedish experiences." Journal of Rural Studies 43 (February 2016): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.04.002.
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Parry, Luke, Brett Day, Silvana Amaral, and Carlos A. Peres. "Drivers of rural exodus from Amazonian headwaters." Population and Environment 32, no. 2-3 (October 23, 2010): 137–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11111-010-0127-8.
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Domatob, Jerry Kombia. "Radio Cameroun and Rural Exodus :·Policy and Problems." Présence Africaine 135, no. 3 (1985): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/presa.135.0022.
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Domatob, Jerry Komia. "Radio Cameroun and Rural Exodus: Policies and Problems." Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands) 36, no. 2 (October 1985): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001654928503600204.
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MUELLER, CHARLES C., and GEORGE MARTINE. "Modernização da agropecuária, emprego agrícola e êxodo rural no Brasil - A década de 1980." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 17, no. 3 (September 1997): 407–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31571997-0897.
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RESUMO O artigo examina os efeitos das mudanças significativas na política agrícola do Brasil durante a década de 1980, sobre a capacidade de suas áreas agrícolas modernas de gerar empregos e reter a população rural. Isso foi feito identificando grandes zonas de rápida expansão e modernização agrícola e observando as mudanças na década, no emprego agrícola e na população rural. Foi possível constatar que as áreas de agricultura moderna no Centro-Sul do país e nas savanas (“cerrados”) do Centro-Oeste geraram muito poucos empregos ou experimentaram declínios de mão de obra agrícola. Além disso, a população rural de todas essas áreas experimentou reduções. No Centro-Sul as quedas foram bastante expressivas, mas mesmo nos cerrados ocorreram reduções significativas. Portanto, ao contrário do que se poderia esperar das mudanças na política agrícola decorrentes da crise dos anos 1980, a agricultura brasileira continuou a expulsar mão-de-obra rural e população. Porém, no período esta expulsão foi mais seletiva, restringindo-se principalmente a áreas agrícolas dinâmicas. No resto do país, ao contrário do que ocorreu nos anos 1970, a emigração rural ou foi pequena ou houve retenção de população. Na verdade, esse padrão contrastante de migração tornou possível uma redução geral da migração rural no Brasil na década de 1980.
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Runcie-Pinney, Estelle. "War's End?… What Now? The Second World War from a woman's point of view." Queensland Review 3, no. 1 (April 1996): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600000702.
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‘War's End’ must of necessity be linked with war's beginning and the years between. The exodus from North Queensland to the south (mainly Brisbane) after the fall of Singapore, and the transition from a rural environment to city living, offers a unique insight into war's effect and aftermath from a woman's point of view. This exodus south, which swelled the ranks of women in a burgeoning industrial and martial clime, wrought enormous social upheavals never before experienced in living memory.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rural exodus"
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Cooper, Kathryn J. "Cardiganshire's rural exodus : a study of nineteenth-century migration." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10235.
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Cardiganshire was one of the few counties of England and Wales whose population in the 1911 census was less than in 1841. This was despite natural increase and indicates that considerable out-migration was taking place. Indeed, the movement out of central and west Wales has formed the most consistent de-population trend in Britain apart from that from the Highlands of Scotland. This thesis explores the chronology and geography of out-migration from Cardiganshire in the nineteenth century, with particular reference to the dramatic decline that gathered pace from the 1870s. Contemporary source material is used to examine socio-economic conditions in nineteenth-century Cardiganshire. Factors that prompted the outward movement are identified, and features of rural life that were crucial to the migration process are revealed. Central to the thesis is analysis of data from the Victorian census. The trend of rural outmigration in England and Wales is examined and the experience of Cardiganshire is set within this context. The major destinations for migrants from Cardiganshire were Glamorgan and Carmarthenshire in Wales, and London and the north-west in England, and computer-assisted analysis of data from the census manuscript returns focuses on key aspects of the Cardiganshire migration to these destinations in the later decades of the century. Who was leaving Cardiganshire? Were males more migratory than females? What can be deduced about the age structure and socio-economic status of the migrants? What types of employment were drawing them away? What factors influenced their choice of destination? How far and by what means did the migrants retain their cultural identity in their new communities? The thesis concludes with a brief examination of nineteenth-century emigration from Cardiganshire, drawing on contemporary newspaper reports, harbour records and private letters. Key sending areas and destinations are identified; motivations for emigration are considered; and the role of a common culture and a shared background of geographical and family origins within the emigration process is explored.
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Ribeiro, Paulo Jorge Macias. "Êxodo urbano, gentrificação rural e o futuro da paisagem." Master's thesis, ISA, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6335.
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Mestrado em Arquitetura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaPortugal is presently facing rural territories based in two main differences. One that is next to big cities and another, which is characteristically deserted and almost forgotten. In recent years, Europe has been growing with policies that attempt to refresh this space, due to the concern of rural development. The objectives of this dissertation are: to verify the existence of migratory trends, specifically the movement of urban population to rural areas; to identify the main reasons that are taking this people to move from urban to rural; to characterize the neo-rural population in Portugal; to know which is the knowledge of this situation by the local authorities and residents; and attempt to demonstrate what effects, caused by urban exodus and rural gentrification, might have in Urban Planning, Spatial Planning and Landscape. Since one of the main goals of spatial planning is to manage its occupation in order to use its human, cultural and natural resources, ensuring the respective sustainability, the use of migration trends may be a basis for promotion to a different and benefic space occupation. The methodology has shown in the national case, the existence of a current tendency to return to rural by the urban population, although with some specifications, this process of gentrification and urban rural exodus can be seen as an engine for rural development. The demand for a better quality of life and life close to nature, is an opportunity to refresh the rural identity, offering dynamism that attracts its residents and providing a major role in a country deeply marked by its rurality.
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Miecoanski, Flávia Regina. "A permanência do jovem no campo: uma análise para o Sudoeste do Paraná." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2018. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3846.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The family farm, characterized mainly by labor and farm management, presents an important economic activity in the southwestern Paraná. In this way, it is important ascertain the future this activity, that theoretically, depend of young people that are children of these families farm. The objective this essay was to verify which the factors that influence the permanence or the output of the young person in the rural area. To attend the objective propose was realized an interview with students of 3rd year of technical course in farming of State Center for Professional Education in the Southwest of Paraná, localized at Francisco Beltrão/PR. The sample, composite by 52 young people, was taken not random order, of now that had to attend necessary requirements, as be child of family farm and reside in rural area. The application form, only tool of data collection, was submitted the validation and count on the contribution of eight professionals that work with the theme. The results show that the main factors that influence of young person to permanence or output in the rural area are the farm size, mechanization of properties, conversation with parents and the participation in decision-making in the property, and the options of leisure in the rural area.
A agricultura familiar, caracterizada principalmente pelo uso da mão de obra e o gerenciamento da propriedade pelos mesmos, apresenta uma importante atividade econômica na mesorregião sudoeste do Paraná. Deste modo, é importante averiguar o futuro dessa atividade, que teoricamente, depende dos jovens que são filhos desses agricultores familiares. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi verificar quais são os fatores que influenciam na permanência e na saída do jovem do campo. Para atender o objetivo proposto, foi realizada uma entrevista com alunos do terceiro ano do curso técnico em agropecuária do Centro Estadual de Educação Profissional do Sudoeste do Paraná, localizado em Francisco Beltrão/PR. A amostra, composta por 52 jovens, foi obtida de forma não aleatória, já que esses tinham que atender requisitos necessários, como: serem filhos de agricultor familiar e residirem na zona rural. O formulário aplicado, única ferramenta de coleta de dados, foi submetido a validação e contou com a contribuição de oito profissionais que trabalham com o tema. Os resultados demonstram que os principais fatores que influenciam o jovem a permanecer no campo e a sair dele, são o tamanho das propriedades rurais, a mecanização das propriedades, o diálogo com os pais e a participação na tomada de decisão na propriedade, e as opções de lazer na zona rural.
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Beau, Cécile. "Représentations de la nature en Espagne : de l’exode rural à l'émergence d’un discours écologique (1950-2020)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA030031.
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La société espagnole, essentiellement agricole jusqu’aux années cinquante, a connu une industrialisation accélérée, promue par le pouvoir franquiste, qui a entraîné un déclin rapide et irréversible des régions rurales. Ces territoires sont devenus des espaces dépeuplés que l'État a laissé péricliter au profit du noyau central (Madrid), de certaines régions périphériques (comme le Pays Basque et la Catalogne) et de nouveaux pôles touristiques côtiers. A travers l’analyse du discours sur la nature et le monde agraire depuis 1950 jusqu’à l’époque actuelle, ce travail de recherche s’intéresse au rôle de l’exode rural dans l’évolution socioéconomique de l’Espagne et entreprend d’éclairer la façon dont l’écologie s’est diffusée dans ce pays à mesure qu’avançait la déruralisation. Les conséquences de la disparition des sociétés paysannes, qui occupaient jadis les espaces que l’on désigne aujourd’hui sous le nom d’Espagne vide (España vacía), ont été relativement peu étudiées. Cependant, plusieurs écrivains de la seconde moitié du vingtième siècle se sont penchés sur l’histoire de cette « révolution silencieuse » : Miguel Delibes, Julio Llamazares Rafael Chirbes, notamment, déplorent dans leurs romans le sort réservé à ces régions et à leurs habitants et mettent en avant le rapport contradictoire qu’entretiennent les Espagnols vis-à-vis de leur passé rural. Aussi, les anciens territoires agricoles, délaissés et marginalisés par les pouvoirs publics, semblent retrouver aujourd’hui aux yeux des Espagnols l’importance qu’ils avaient autrefois. Car l’Espagne rurale devient un enjeu politique à partir du moment où le regard que l’on porte sur elle nous renvoie à la fois au passé : suscitant un questionnement sur la façon de surmonter les blessures causées par la guerre civile et la dictature et dont elle porte encore les stigmates, mais également à l’avenir ; à travers la question des moyens à mettre œuvre pour réagir face à la crise environnementale, en préservant la nature et les terres agricolesSpanish society, essentially agricultural until the 1950s, underwent an accelerated industrialization, promoted by Franco's government, which led to a rapid and irreversible decline of rural areas. These territories became depopulated spaces that the state allowed to decline in favor of the central core (Madrid), some peripheral regions (such as the Basque Country and Catalonia) and new coastal tourist centers. Through the analysis of the discourse on nature and the agrarian world from 1950 to the present time, this research work focuses on the role of the rural exodus in the socio-economic evolution of Spain and attempts to shed light on the way ecology has spread in this country as deruralization has progressed. The consequences of the disappearance of the peasant societies that once occupied the spaces that today are known as España vacía (empty Spain) have been relatively little studied. However, several writers of the second half of the twentieth century have studied the history of this "silent revolution": Miguel Delibes, Julio Llamazares Rafael Chirbes, among others, lament in their novels the fate of these regions and their inhabitants and highlight the contradictory relationship that Spaniards have with their rural past. Also, the former agricultural territories, neglected and marginalized by the public authorities, seem to be regaining the importance they once had in the eyes of the Spaniards. For rural Spain becomes a political issue from the moment we look at it, both in the past, questioning how to overcome the wounds caused by the civil war and the dictatorship, of which it still bears the scars, and in the future, through the question of how to respond to the environmental crisis, preserving nature and farmland
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Curioni, Antonio Sergio. "A configuração do êxodo rural no assentamento Santa Rosa II Abelardo Luz SC: uma análise em construção 1986/2008." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/18009.
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Previous issue date: 2009-10-15Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The present dissertation takes as an object the configuration of the rural exodus in the Assentamento Santa Rosa II Abelardo Luz, SC: an analysis in construction 1986/2008. The objective aims to understand and to analyse for why families that were established by the Movement of the Rural Workers Without Land (MST) in the Assentamento Santa Rosa II, in the local city of Abelardo, SC, after they suffer the whole process of occupation, eviction and definite registration, after his property is installed and organized they sold his share and migrated for city. The lifted hypothesis can be considered multifatorial, of objective and subjective nature, with distinction for the difficulties of survival in the agriculture, weakening in the acting of the MST near the fixed families and lack of leisure options, culture, sport and health in the Assentamento. The adopted concepts of reference were: agrarian question, migration, rural exodus, MST and Land reform, based on classic and contemporary authors of the areas of the rural sociology, economy, history, geography and political sciences. The inquiry is of qualitative nature, having like proceedings methodologic, the bibliographical lifting, the documentary inquiry and he was seeing Internet, the observation participant of the investigator, and the field work. Principal instrument of collection of data in the empirical inquiry was used, the interview semi-structured with topical advisors. There were interviewed six subjects chosen between 27 families that went out from the Assentamento priorizing the six people that migrated for the city of Abelardo it shines, what they were possible of being located. The got informations were analysed through analysis of content. The results of the inquiry pointed that the MST for the immigrants is characterized like a movement of release, of struggle for rights the land, Land reform, social justice, popular sovereignity, as well as, favorable formation partner-politics of his participants, which provides means of individual and collective growth, becoming a school of life, as well as provides conquests that go very much besides the land and the own house, like knowledge, freedom, dignity and spirit of citizenship. The results point still that, in spite of the mentioned conquests the interviewed ones left the Assentamento and migrated for the city, being the principal motives: very small land and with bad lands, lack of agricultural credit, providing a low production, besides the distance and the difficult access to resources like health, education, social work, culture, sport and leisure
A presente dissertação tem por objeto a configuração do êxodo rural no Assentamento Santa Rosa II Abelardo Luz, SC: uma análise em construção 1986/2008. O objetivo visa compreender e analisar por que famílias que foram assentadas pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) no assentamento Santa Rosa II no município de Abelardo, SC, depois de passarem por todo o processo de ocupação, despejo e assentamento definitivo, após se instalarem e organizarem sua propriedade venderam seus lote e migraram para cidade. A hipótese levantada pode ser considerada multifatorial, de natureza objetiva e subjetiva, com destaque para as dificuldades de sobrevivência na agricultura, enfraquecimento na atuação do MST junto às famílias assentadas e falta de opções de lazer, cultura, esporte e saúde no assentamento. Os conceitos adotados de referência foram: questão agrária, migração, êxodo rural, MST e Reforma Agrária, baseados em autores clássicos e contemporâneos das áreas da sociologia rural, economia, história, geografia e ciências políticas. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, tendo como procedimentos metodológicos, o levantamento bibliográfico, a pesquisa documental e via internet, a observação participante do pesquisador, e a pesquisa de campo. Como instrumento principal de coleta de dados na pesquisa empírica foi utilizado, a entrevista semi-estruturada com tópicos orientadores. Foram entrevistados seis sujeitos, escolhidos entre as 27 famílias que saíram do assentamento priorizando as seis que migraram para a cidade de Abelardo luz, as quais foram possíveis de serem localizadas. As informações conseguidas foram analisadas por meio de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram que o MST para os imigrantes caracteriza-se como um movimento de libertação, de luta por direitos a terra, Reforma Agrária, justiça social, soberania popular, bem como, propicia formação sócio-política dos seus participantes, o que proporciona possibilidades de crescimento individual e coletivo, tornando-se uma escola de vida, bem como proporciona conquistas que vão muito além da terra e da casa própria, como conhecimento, liberdade, dignidade e espírito de cidadania. Os resultados apontam ainda que, apesar das conquistas mencionadas os entrevistados deixaram o assentamento e migraram para a cidade, sendo os principais motivos: terreno muito pequeno e com terras ruins, falta de credito agrícola, proporcionando uma baixa produção, além da distância e o difícil acesso a recursos como saúde, educação, assistência social, cultura, esporte e lazer
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Lima, Pedro Ramos. "A EVOLUÇÃO DO AGRONEGÓCIO EM GOIÁS: As transformações e consequências sociais de 1970 a 2010." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2011. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2788.
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Previous issue date: 2011-09-30From the Green Revolution took place in the world, and especially since the year 1970 in Brazil, with the use of machinery and chemicals, agricultural changes occurred globally and nationally. New áreas were occupied in Brazil, opening new frontiers for agriculture, which began to develop new crops. This work aims to show the changes occurring in the Cerrado of Goiás from state interference in agriculture, with programs, investments, research and technology allowed the creation of big business to serve the southern and external markets. The focus is to show that economic growth occurred as a result of economic development. Research shows that this is an unsustainable model of agriculture in social and environmental issue, with the contradiction between the rate of economic growth and social development. It was a conservative modernization, further concentrating land and income in the region. It occurred to urbanization of the rural exodus to cities, where the population excluded from the field moved to the cities, increasing poverty and misery in the urban centers. As a result, there was the occurrence of economic growth, increasing GDP and Trade Balance of the State of Goiás, with no economic development. That is, the agricultural model implemented has brought social and environmental burden. To address these social burdens were studied 10 municipalities with the highest agricultural VA, 2008, based on Census 2000 and 2010, where he observed the occurrence of the rural exodus at all, and no increase of poverty, since income average of these municipalities was increasing, and urban incomes than rural, with some exceptions. The age of the rural population above 50 years increased, with the young going to the cities. In all municipalities informal employment is higher than 40%, exceeding 50% in some. And the environmental burden is seen as the destruction of the headwaters of rivers, soil solidification, the indiscriminate use of water, among others. It is a historical approach with the use of material already published separately, which will be collected so that you can get a more comprehensive view of this context.
A partir da Revolução Verde ocorrida no mundo, e especialmente a partir dos anos 1970 no Brasil, com a utilização de máquinas e produtos químicos, ocorreu mudanças na agricultura mundial e nacional. Novas áreas foram ocupadas no Brasil, abrindo novas fronteiras para a agricultura, que passou a conceber novas culturas. Este trabalho visa mostrar as transformações ocorridas no Cerrado goiano a partir da interferência do Estado na agricultura, que com programas, investimentos, pesquisas e tecnologia que permitiu a criação do grande negócio para atender ao mercado sulino e externo. O foco é mostrar que em conseqüência ocorreu crescimento econômico sem desenvolvimento econômico. A pesquisa demonstra que se trata de um modelo agrícola insustentável na questão socioambiental, com contradição entre os índices de crescimento econômico e os de desenvolvimento social. Tratou-se de uma modernização conservadora, concentrando ainda mais as terras e a renda da região. Ocorreu a urbanização das cidades com o êxodo rural, onde a população excluída do campo mudou-se para as grandes cidades, aumentando a pobreza e miséria nos centros urbanos. Como consequência, houve a ocorrência de crescimento econômico, com aumento do PIB e da Balança Comercial do Estado de Goiás, sem que houvesse desenvolvimento econômico. Ou seja, o modelo agrícola implantado trouxe consigo um ônus social e ambiental. Para responder a esses ônus sociais foram estudados os 10 municípios com maiores VA agropecuários de 2008, com base nos Censos de 2000 e 2010, onde se pôde observar a ocorrência do êxodo rural em todos, e que não houve aumento da pobreza, pois a renda média desses municípios foi crescente, sendo a renda urbana superior a rural, com algumas exceções. A idade da população rural acima de 50 anos foi crescente, com o jovem indo para os centros urbanos. Na totalidade dos municípios o emprego informal é superior a 40%, sendo superior a 50% em alguns deles. E, os ônus ambientais observados é quanto à destruição das nascentes dos rios, a solidificação dos solos, a utilização indiscriminada das águas, entre outros. Trata-se de uma abordagem histórica com utilização de materiais já publicados isoladamente, que serão reunidos de forma que possa obter uma visão com maior abrangência desse contexto.
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Tzimakas, Menelaos. "La Macédoine grecque, populations, migrations et territoires depuis le début du XXème siècle." Phd thesis, Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales- INALCO PARIS - LANGUES O', 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024320.
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L'objet de l'étude est l'évolution de la composition et de la répartition géographique de la population de la Macédoine grecque de l'année 1913 (fixation de frontières actuelles) à nos jours. Les principales populations étudiées sont les populations grecque, musulmane, bulgare, population macédonienne orthodoxe de langue slave, juive, valaque, albanaise (selon les acceptions courantes qui seront définies). Cette évolution sur un siècle se décompose en cinq périodes, chacune étant liée à un ou plusieurs événements qui ont provoqué des migrations. Les causes, la modification de la composition des populations, les problèmes en découlant ainsi que des cartes et des statistiques sont présentées. Une synthèse permet de tirer des conclusions sur l'évolution de la population de la Macédoine et les problèmes associés à l'intégration des différentes minorités.
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Engel, Werner. "A (in)sustentabilidade em pequenas propriedades rurais: o caso de seis municípios localizados no extremo oeste paranaense." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2012. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2301.
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Previous issue date: 2012-06-25The objective of this research was to analyse and to identify the agricultural sector in the cities established in the far west of Paraná State, focusing on small farms, determinants factors of sustainability and the perspectives for the future of these properties. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires, interviews that sought to highlight the characteristics of the farmer and his production unit and data about how the producer view his property, and how he perceives this perspectives for the future. The data were the basis of the analysis in the verification of financial, economic, social and environmental (un)sustainability, noting the presence or not of the small landowner in his activities. With the outcome of this case study, it contributes to the knowledge of this portion of the population and the authorities can direct resources and policies to encourage production and income to reduce the rural exodus because it was found unsustainable trends of small farms in the cities studied.
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar e analisar no setor agropecuário, nos municípios estabelecidos do extremo oeste do Estado do Paraná, com foco nas pequenas propriedades rurais, fatores determinantes da sustentabilidade e as perspectivas para o futuro dessas propriedades. A coleta de dados foi realizada através da aplicação de questionário, entrevistas que buscaram evidenciar as características do produtor rural e sua unidade de produção e dados sobre a forma como o produtor visualiza a sua propriedade, e como percebe as perspectivas do futuro. Os dados foram a base da análise na verificação da (in)sustentabilidade financeira, econômica, social e ambiental, constatando a permanência ou não do pequeno proprietário nas suas atividades. Com o resultado deste estudo de caso, espera-se contribuir para o conhecimento dessa parcela da população e que as autoridades possam direcionar recursos e políticas de incentivo à produção e renda para reduzir o êxodo rural, porque se constataram tendências de insustentabilidade nas pequenas propriedades rurais nos municípios estudados.
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Kamran, Fridoun. "L'exode rural en Iran." Toulouse 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU20015.
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Dureau, Françoise. "Migration et urbanisation, le cas de la Côte d'Ivoire /." Paris : ORSTOM, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb349545883.
Full textBooks on the topic "Rural exodus"
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Exodus from Cardiganshire: Rural-urban migration in Victorian Britain. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2011.
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Brown University. Population Studies and Training Center., ed. Scandinavian exodus: Demography and social development of 19th-century rural communities. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1987.
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Rural exodus & squatter settlements in the Third World: Case of Iran. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1987.
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Beauchemin, Eric. The exodus: The growing migration of children from Ghana's rural regions to the urban centres. [Accra? Ghana]: Catholic Action for Street Children (CAS) & UNICEF, 1999.
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Frittegotto, Gustavo. Exodo rural: Fotografías. Rosario, Sta. Fé: Stampa Arte y Diseño, 1986.
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John, Connell. Rural revival?: Place marketing, tree change and regional migration in Australia. Farnham: Ashgate, 2011.
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Bryce, P. H. The illumination of Joseph Keeler, Esq., or, On, to the land! Boston, Mass: American journal of public health, 1995.
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Olinger, Glauco. Exodo rural: Causas, conseqüências, medidas para diminuí-lo. Florianópolis, SC, Brasil: G. Olinger, 1991.
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Ansart, François. L' exode rural dans le canton de Villers-Bocage. Amiens: F. Ansart, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Rural exodus"
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Freeman, Mark. "Graham, The Rural Exodus." In The English Rural Poor, 1850-1914, 185–402. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003113645-7.
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Venema, H. D., P. H. Calamai, and K. Ponnambalam. "Mitigating Rural-Urban Exodus: Multi-Objective Spatial Design of Rural Biomass Energy." In The GeoJournal Library, 203–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2531-9_13.
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Arizpe, Lourdes. "The Rural Exodus in Mexico and Mexican Migration to the United States." In Migration, Women and Social Development, 20–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06572-4_3.
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Rajan, S. Irudaya, and R. B. Bhagat. "Internal Migration and the Covid-19 Pandemic in India." In Migration and Pandemics, 227–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81210-2_12.
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AbstractThis chapter looks at the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on internal migrants in India. According to the 2011 Census, there are over 450 million internal migrants, of which a massive 54 million are inter-state migrants. A large number of these migrants consist of labourers who comprise a huge percentage of the informal sector workforce, both in the rural and urban areas of India, and are vital to the country’s economy. These workers are also some of the most vulnerable, with inadequacies in terms of working conditions and coverage of social safety nets, and are also largely absent from India’s policy discourses. This chapter highlights the size and extent of internal migration as well as its distribution across different states in India. It shows how the current crisis and lockdowns have affected their lives and livelihoods. It particularly looks at the responses of central and various state governments – at destinations and origins – to ensure migrants’ wellbeing. It also analyses the socioeconomic impact of the migrant exodus from major destinations and looks at solutions to enable and ensure that migration patterns in the future are sustainable, and more importantly, ensure migrants’ rights and dignity.
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Dinis, Anabela. "Tourism, Immigrants and Lifestyle Entrepreneurship: The (In)coming of People as a Key Factor for Sustainability of Low-Density Territories—A Case Study in Portugal." In Tourism, Hospitality & Event Management, 149–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65524-2_7.
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AbstractUsing the lens of the new patterns of mobility and lifestyle entrepreneurship in the context of counterurbanization movements, this chapter explores the relationship between tourism and immigration, beyond the traditional approach of immigrants as tourism entrepreneurs. The study focusses on a Portuguese rural county, Penamacor, which, for several decades, has suffered a continuous exodus of population and the consequent aging of the remaining population but where, recently, there was a spontaneous phenomenon of foreign people arriving and settling in the area. Thus, through the case of Penamacor, this study aims to answer the following questions: Who are these migrants, and what are their motivations for mobility and to settle in the territory? Are they all the same? How do they make a living in Penamacor? In particular, it seeks to understand whether entrepreneurship (in tourism or other sectors) is a possibility of income generation for these immigrants. Furthermore, it intends to understand what the impact of these immigrants in the territory is, concerning the creation of wealth and well-being in the community. Do they act as community entrepreneurs? Does their presence in the territory generate other mobility flows, through the attraction of other (family and friends) tourists or immigrants?
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Akram-Lodhi, A. Haroon, and Roy Huijsmans. "Conclusion: Youth Aspirations, Trajectories, and Farming Futures." In Becoming A Young Farmer, 415–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15233-7_15.
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AbstractThis book commenced with a question of global importance: in a world in which farming populations are ageing, who is going to provide the planet’s peoples with the “sufficient, safe and nutritious food” that is needed to meet the “dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life” (FAO 2006)? In other words, where are the people who are needed to generationally renew farming? As explained in the introduction, addressing this question meant going against the grain of much research on youth and agriculture. Rather than seeking to understand youth’s apparent disinterest in farming and their exodus from the countryside, the research teams focused on those youth and young adults who stayed in, returned, or relocated to rural areas and were involved in farming (often alongside various other economic activities). Thereby, the case studies presented in this book have put in the spotlight the next generation of farmers. In this concluding chapter, we draw out some important issues emerging from across the chapters and reflect on key differences. This way, we reiterate the various pathways of becoming a farmer, the main challenges experienced by these young farming women and men, and the roles that policies and organizations could play in facilitating the process of becoming a farmer.
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Cuppini, Niccolò. "What Urban Future: Do High-Tech Metropolises Dream of Electric Sheep?" In Springer Studies in Alternative Economics, 65–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49147-4_5.
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AbstractWhat urban trends are on the horizon and what are the possible futures of our cities? These questions were often raised during the peaks of the Covid-19 pandemic, generating a series of institutional aftershocks that seem to have left few lasting traces. Some have proposed, like the Colombian Carlos Moreno to the Mayor of Paris Anne Hidalgo, re-organising around the idea of 15-min cities—the possibility for every inhabitant to have access in 15 min to every possible urban service, from hospitals to schools, from gardens to sport activities, from marketplaces to leisure spaces, etc. Many architects have spoken of a “return to the rural”, fearing a mass exodus from congested urban centres. In the United States, the slogan of the “one-hour city”, a concept of infrastructure redevelopment aimed at making any place accessible within an hour, has had some success. Many Asian metropolises have seen a significant acceleration in urban digitalisation processes. Numerous other popular ideas also emerged between 2020 and 2021, which we will not go into here, particularly as most of them seem to have remained stuck at the level of announcements and desires rather than becoming concrete projects and policies. There are many reasons for this, but one stands out: increasingly fewer institutions (including municipalities, regions, states, and others) have the power, tools, and knowledge to really intervene in the urban future.
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Powell, David E. "The Rural Exodus." In The Soviet Economy, 149–63. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429314735-9.
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"5281 rural exodus [n]." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning, 863. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_12131.
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"EDITORIAL NO. 43 RURAL EXODUS." In “Do What You Must”, 200–203. The Champlain Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781487514136.043.
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Maximo, Gabriela Willemann Siviero, and Carlos Loch. "The citizenship territories program and the challenges for the rural exodus combat in north plateau catarinense: a case study in municipalities of São Bento do Sul and Rio Negrinho." In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8124.
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In February 2008, the Brazilian Federal Government created the Citizenship Territories Program, whose purpose is to promote and accelerate the elimination of poverty and social inequality in rural areas, including gender, race and ethnicity, through a sustainable territorial development strategy. The choice of the territories entered in the Citizenship Territories Program results from pre-defined criteria, examples of the low Human Development Index (HDI) and low economic dynamism, in which were chosen 60 territories to be benefited with structuring actions in 2008 and more 60 in 2009, totaling 120, divided into five regions of Brazil, where, within these territories, are being applied three axes to support productive activities, citizenship and access to rights and the qualification of the infrastructure. In this sense, this article aims to demonstrate the challenges of combating rural exodus, since the implementation of this Program in the North Plateau of Santa Catarina State, specifically in the municipalities of São Bento do Sul and Rio Negrinho, Citizenship Territories Program members. The case study is based on bibliographic and documentary research; data analysis provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), and; in analysis of thematic maps produced in environment of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). With the found results expected to ratify that despite the efforts and actions taken by the Citizenship Territories Program, in these members municipalities, public policy has not been able to be effective in combating rural exodus, where it is believed that the appeal to such an act are still insufficient.
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Rojo, Teresa, Selda Dudu, Carmen Solís-Espallargas, and Dolores Limón-Domínguez. "Rural Women Exodus and their Role in Sustainable Development. The case of Spain." In XXIV International Conference of the Society for Human Ecology. ,: Even3, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/xxivshe.421124.
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Šoltés, Martin, Daniel Kappler, Sascha Koberstaedt, and Markus Lienkamp. "Flexible, User- and Product-Centered Framework for Developing Frugal Products Based on a Case Study of a Vehicle for Sub-Saharan Africa." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70149.
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Through design thinking, a team of researchers and students from Nigeria, Ghana and Germany has identified rural transportation as a key enabler for addressing the most pressing challenges in the developing world. Since 2013, the team has been working together on designing a new vehicle concept for Sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of the project is to provide the rural population in Sub-Saharan Africa with an attractive mobility concept that helps to prevent the rural exodus and strengthens the independence of the rural regions. A promising concept must consider the specific market requirements and the resources available locally in order to address the heart of the problem as a “First Mile Vehicle”. This paper aims to introduce a holistic framework for frugal innovation and to analyze the process of deriving the vehicle concept meeting regional requirements until it is ready for serial production. The focus, therefore, is demand-driven development of a multifunctional electric vehicle that primarily provides mobility for the individual and transport of people and goods as a possible commercial basis. The result of the research and design process is a vehicle concept that meets the needs of the people living in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. The first fully functional prototype of this vehicle was presented to the public at the Technical University of Munich in May 2016.
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Villasante Claramonte, Juan. "The particular ensemble of Mas d'en Segures: functional and constructive analysis of a house and a barn in Tinença de Benifassà (Castellón, Spain)." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15135.
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In the northern interior of the Castellón province Tinença de Benifassà is found, a rural and mountainous region in which territorial organization combines villages with plenty of scattered settlements. As the phenomenon of rural exodus goes on, more and more of these ensembles are abandoned, which implies a critical patrimonial and identity loss, both physical and immaterial. Vernacular architecture shares morphological and constructive characteristics with that present at other regions of Spain, such as Teruel or southern Catalonia. These parameters are strictly linked with immediate environment and field labour in rough terrain. The analysis deepens on the documentation of Mas d'en Segures as a case study of spread settlements in the region. It was made up of four houses, three barns associated with threshing floors, and some farmyards. Some morphological, functional, and constructive characteristics differentiate this settlement from others in its context, which marks its antiquity and relates it with defensive constructions.
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Schweizerhof, Hans, Alexander Betz, and Hermann Winner. "Analysis of a Situational Adaptive Chassis With Respect to Maneuverability and Footprint." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34988.
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The specifications of ground vehicles considering requirements like maneuverability and footprint are mainly caused by the target traffic. Future population distribution is subject to rural exodus resulting in megacities with the corresponding rise of traffic density and immense parking-space shortage. The problems caused by the compromise between a small footprint due to traffic requirements and a large one due to safety reasons are well known by the automotive industry as urban concept cars from different automobile exhibitions attest [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]. One of the known approaches is active tilt as it seems to be promising to reduce the vehicle’s dimension while coping with lateral acceleration demand and roll-over safety [4] [7]. But, active tilt represents only one solution for a situational adaptive chassis. The proposed paper analyzes two alternative concepts, a variable track width and a variable height of the CG, and compares them to the known active tilt principle [8]. By using the exemplary maneuver of “steady-state cornering” the potential of each function concerning an increase of maneuverability and a decrease of the footprint is investigated. The results are promising and justify further investigation on the subject as for example dynamic simulation which has not been part of the study. The presented analytical examination of the influence on the yaw velocity gain and roll-over safety may open the discussion about the chances and risks of variable chassis design.
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Marin, Sixto, and Alejandro Navarro. "Uninhabited territories: contemporary strategies to recover and preserve abandoned settlements and their areas of influence in Altoaragon." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6080.
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The late but accelerated industrialization of our country in the early 1900’s resulted in a polarization of the population movements: while certain cities increased exponentially their number of inhabitants, an important percentage of the territory gradually experienced a consequent depopulation. Whereas the effects of the former phenomenon in the cities have been deeply examined, the impact of the latter in the territory is a relatively unexplored subject, thus full of possibilities. In some areas, the rural exodus was so sudden that the development of their pre-industrial residential schemes froze-up and, thus, the high-value cultural landscape that they take part in remained almost unaltered until today. Most of these abandoned settlements had an intense and balanced relationship with their surroundings. Their location, morphology and the links among them were built upon an environmental friendly and resource efficient basis. This study will focus on the sustainable anthropization of the territory that was performed by these villages, in order to value them as intangible assets and to identify the most feasible strategies to their recovery. As case study, in Altoaragon, we can find no less than 150 abandoned settlements and, in the same territory, almost 30 villages that have been recovered in the last 30 years. Through a comparative study of the latter, we seek to develop generic strategies to help identify, among the former, those settlements or abandoned areas with more potential, and to draw the basic guidelines to restore and protect the pre-industrial stage as a whole.
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Koné, Alassane, Allyx Fontaine, and Samira El Yacoubi. "COUPLING CELLULAR AUTOMATA WITH MEDALUS ASSESSMENT FOR THE DESERTIFICATION ISSUE." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/vqgh6804.
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Desertification is one of the major problems affecting our environment in the 21st century. Indeed, it threatens more than 1.5 million people worldwide and affects a quarter of the land in less than 100 countries, it spreads over half a billion hectares per year and reduces the surface water and groundwater. Thus, according to a report by the Food and Agriculture Organisation written in 1993, the direct and visible impacts of desertification are the damage on crops, on livestock, on the electricity productivity, etc. Indirect impacts are lack of food production, poverty, social upheaval, rural exodus to cities. In this paper, our work consists in modelling the degradation process of land whose advanced level leads to the desertification. The first step consists in assessing the degradation of land with the MEDALUS model developed by the MEDALUS project of the commission of the European Union. This model assesses desertification by its sensitivity index which is the geometric mean of four quality factor indexes of soil, vegetation, climate and management (land use). This assessment method uses the major part of the parameters influencing the land degradation process. The second step is to model the land degradation process using cellular automata (CA) approach. For that purpose, the study area will be divided into a regular grid of cells. Initially, each cell has a state (desertification sensitivity index) whose evolution at each discrete time step depends on the states of its neighbours through a built transition function. As a result, this study allows to introduce a dynamical process in MEDALUS model. Indeed, from an initial configuration of an area, the model can predict its evolution over time and space according to a continuous state transition function that extend the classical CA approach and fit to the MEDALUS model parameters.
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Sáenz de Tejada Granados, Carlota, Eva Juana Rodríguez Romero, and Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro. "Influence of energy paradigm shifts on city boundaries. The productive peripheries of Madrid." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5343.
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Influence of energy paradigm shifts on city boundaries. The productive peripheries of Madrid Carlota Sáenz de Tejada Granados¹, Eva J. Rodríguez Romero², Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro3 1, 2, 3 Departamento de Arquitectura y Diseño. Universidad CEU San Pablo. Escuela Politécnica Superior, Campus de Montepríncipe. 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. E-mail: carlota.saenztejada@ceu.es, rodrom@ceu.es, rocio.santotomasmuro@beca.ceu.es Keywords: energy landscape, periphery, urban history, urban form, Madrid Conference topics and scale: City transformations The promotion or access to certain energy technologies has changed the humanized landscape throughout history; cities have been born around, and because of an energy source, or have been displaced in order for energy-related infrastructures to take their spot. However, and for any city from its very beginning, energy paradigm shifts have deeply altered their morphology. Not only extraction, but especially transformation and transport of resources materializes in artefacts, often controversial and soon-to-be obsolete. This is especially patent in the ever-changing city boundaries; the fringe of ‘proximity’, where the collision between the countryside and the urban mesh embodies the relations and contradictions between urban growth, energy demand and landscape protection. In a context of growing cities (both in terms of expansion of its artificial land and in terms of energy demand), we are facing two paths which not always converge: an inevitable low carbon transition and a growing sensitivity towards ordinary landscapes. This article, within the framework of the project ‘Proximity landscapes of the city of Madrid. From the 19thC to the present’, studies the development of the city of Madrid in relation to its energy access and management, in a series of key stages: mid-19thC (before the bourgeois enlargement plan approved in 1860), early 20thC (when the introduction of electricity powered a deep urban transformation and outlaying urban cores were annexed), mid-late 20thC (when a rural exodus took place and the peripheries of Madrid grew rapidly) and today. References Ivancic, A. (2010) Land&Scape Series: Energyscapes (Gustavo Gili, Barcelona). Mumford, L. (2010, original 1934) Technics and Civilization (The University of Chicago Press, Chicago). Pinto, V. (coord.) (1995-2001) Madrid. Atlas Histórico de la Ciudad, Vol.1-Vol.2 (Lunwerg Editors and Fundación Caja Madrid, Madrid). Terán, F. (2006) En torno a Madrid. Génesis espacial de una región urbana (Autonomous Community of Madrid, Madrid). Vicente, V. (2015) El Ensanche Sur. Arganzuela (1860-1931). Los barrios negros (Los libros de la Catarata, Madrid). Zoido, F. (2006) ‘Paisaje e infraestructuras, una relación de interés mutuo’, Carreteras: Revista técnica de la Asociación Española de la Carretera, 150, 190-199.
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Morozan, Stela. "Aspecte ale fenomenului „brain drainˮ in Republica Moldova." In Provocări şi tendinţe actuale în cercetarea componentelor naturale şi socio-economice ale ecosistemelor urbane şi rurale. Institute of Ecology and Geography, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53380/9789975891608.09.
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The phenomenon of 'brain drain'' is one of the current problems of the Moldovan society indicating insufficient support to highly qualified young professionals from various fields. Academic mobility is an opportunity to go to study at a foreign university for a limited period but scholars often do not return home. So the purpose of this article is to promote circular migration and academic mobility of young. Nowadays, the economic and political challenges that developing countries are going through, lead to serious changes into the structure and movement of the qualified human capital. Republic of Moldova faces severe migration problems. Unfavorable economic conditions, the existence of better opportunities abroad are creating those push-factors that day by day worsen the situation. This article aims to present general trends of intellectual potential exodus phenomenon in Republic of Moldova with recommendations of possible strategies that could be applied in order to reduce the bad effects and to increase positive effects, by analyzing the experience of other countries which have obtained better results in brain drain management.
Reports on the topic "Rural exodus"
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Baudin, Thomas, and Robert Stelter. The rural exodus and the rise of Europe. Rostock: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/mpidr-wp-2019-005.
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Pickard, Justin, Shilpi Srivastava, Mihir R. Bhatt, and Lyla Mehta. SSHAP In-Focus: COVID-19, Uncertainty, Vulnerability and Recovery in India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.011.
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This paper addresses COVID-19 in India, looking at how the interplay of inequality, vulnerability, and the pandemic has compounded uncertainties for poor and marginalised groups, leading to insecurity, stigma and a severe loss of livelihoods. A strict government lockdown destroyed the incomes of farmers and urban informal workers and triggered an exodus of migrant workers from Indian cities, a mass movement which placed additional pressures on the country's rural communities. Elsewhere in the country, lockdown restrictions and pandemic response have coincided with heatwaves, floods and cyclones, impeding disaster response and relief. At the same time, the pandemic has been politicised to target minority groups (such as Muslims, Dalits), suppress dissent, and undermine constitutional values. The paper focuses on how COVID-19 has intersected with and multiplied existing uncertainties faced by different vulnerable groups and communities in India who have remained largely invisible in India's development story. With the biggest challenge for government now being to mitigate the further fall of millions of people into extreme poverty, the brief also reflects on pathways for recovery and transformation, including opportunities for rural revival, inclusive welfare, and community response. This brief is based on a review of existing published and grey literature, and 23 interviews with experts and practitioners from 12 states in India, including representation from domestic and international NGOs, and local civil society organisations. It was developed for the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) by Justin Pickard, Shilpi Srivastava, Lyla Mehta (IDS), and Mihir R. Bhatt. Some of the cases draw on ongoing research of the TAPESTRY project, which explores bottom-up transformations in marginal environments across India and Bangladesh.