Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rural HIV

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Rural HIV'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Rural HIV"

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Wongjarupong, Nicha, Sharad Oli, Mahamoudou Sanou, et al. "Distribution and Incidence of Blood-Borne Infection among Blood Donors from Regional Transfusion Centers in Burkina Faso: A Comprehensive Study." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104, no. 4 (2021): 1577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0601.

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ABSTRACTThere is a high prevalence of blood-borne infections in West Africa. This study sought to determine the seroprevalence of blood-borne infections, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), HIV, and syphilis, in blood donors in Burkina Faso. Blood donors were recruited from 2009 to 2013 in four major cities in Burkina Faso of urban area (Ouagadougou) and rural area (Bobo Dioulasso, Fada N’Gourma, and Ouahigouya). Serology tests including hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, and rapid plasma reagin test were used for screening and were confirmed with ELISA. Disease prevalence was calculated among first-time donors. Incidence and residual risk were calculated from repeat donors. There were 166,681 donors; 43,084 had ≥ 2 donations. The overall seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis were 13.4%, 6.9%, 2.1%, and 2.4%, respectively. The incidence rates (IRs) of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis infection were 2,433, 3,056, 1,121, and 1,287 per 100,000 person-years. There was lower seroprevalence of HBV and HCV in urban area than in rural area (12.9% versus 14.0%, P < 0.001; and 5.9% versus 8.0%, P < 0.001), and no difference in HIV (2.1% versus 2.1%, P = 0.25). The IRs of new HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis were 2.43, 3.06, 1.12, and 1.29 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. The residual risk was one per 268 donations for HBV, one per 181 donations for HCV, and one per 1,480 donations for HIV, respectively. In conclusion, this comprehensive study from four blood donation sites in Burkina Faso showed high HBV and HCV seroprevalence and incidence with high residual risk from blood donation.
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Rouet, François, Janin Nouhin, Du-Ping Zheng, et al. "Massive Iatrogenic Outbreak of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Rural Cambodia, 2014–2015." Clinical Infectious Diseases 66, no. 11 (2017): 1733–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix1071.

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Abstract Background In 2014–2015, 242 individuals aged 2–89 years were newly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in Roka, a rural commune in Cambodia. A case-control study attributed the outbreak to unsafe injections. We aimed to reconstruct the likely transmission history of the outbreak. Methods We assessed in 209 (86.4%) HIV-infected cases the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). We identified recent infections using antibody (Ab) avidity testing for HIV and HCV. We performed amplification, sequencing, and evolutionary phylogenetic analyses of viral strains. Geographical coordinates and parenteral exposure through medical services provided by an unlicensed healthcare practitioner were obtained from 193 cases and 1499 controls during interviews. Results Cases were coinfected with HCV (78.5%) and HBV (12.9%). We identified 79 (37.8%) recent (<130 days) HIV infections. Phylogeny of 202 HIV env C2V3 sequences showed a 198-sample CRF01_AE strains cluster, with time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) in September 2013 (95% highest posterior density, August 2012–July 2014), and a peak of 15 infections/day in September 2014. Three geospatial HIV hotspots were discernible in Roka and correlated with high exposure to the practitioner (P = .04). Fifty-nine of 153 (38.6%) tested cases showed recent (<180 days) HCV infections. Ninety HCV NS5B sequences formed 3 main clades, 1 containing 34 subtypes 1b with tMRCA in 2012, and 2 with 51 subtypes 6e and tMRCAs in 2002–2003. Conclusions Unsafe injections in Cambodia most likely led to an explosive iatrogenic spreading of HIV, associated with a long-standing and more genetically diverse HCV propagation.
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Helms, Charles M. "Rural HIV infection." Journal of General Internal Medicine 8, no. 4 (1993): 210–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02599269.

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Dayal, Seema, Amit Singh, Vineet Chaturvedi, Asha Pathak, Vinay Gupta, and Shweta Jaiswal. "Seroprevalence and Related Risk Factors of HBsAg, Anti–HCV and Anti–HIV Antibody Among Pregnant Women of Rural India." Annals of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 1, no. 2 (2015): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/acclm.v1i2.12956.

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BACKGROUND: Vertical transmission is also mode of transmission of HBV, HCV and HIV. Viral infections may cause abortion, ectopic pregnancies and HBV, HCV also causes hepatitis, cirrhosis. ‘Janani Sureksha Yojana’ (safe motherhood program) is a scheme in which pregnant women are benefited if they deliver in government medical facility. Antenatal screening for HBV, HCV and HIV should be done so as to provide appropriate antiviral therapy. The aim of study was to detect the frequency of HBsAg, HCV antibody, HIV antibody and their correlation with risk factors.METHODS: Present study was conducted in central laboratory of Rural Institute of Medical Science and Research Saifai, Etawah (Uttar Pradesh) on pregnant women from 1 January to 31 December 2014.RESULTS: Out of 7867 women, 2.07% were positive for HBsAg, 0.43% and 0.13% for HCV antibody and HIV antibody, respectively. The age group with maximum seropositivity was in 21-30 year (76.44%) and parity with maximum seropositivity was 3-4 children (42.30%). Seropositivity was high among low socio economic status (77.40%). Among the associated risk factors Obstetric and Gynaecology surgeries (46.15%) and blood transfusion (20%) were prominent. These associated risk factors were found more among HBsAg seropositive females (86.66%) and (84.61%) respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HBsAg positive (2.07%) was more. Obstetric and Gynaecology surgery, blood transfusion were major risk factors. So, screening for HBsAg, HCV antibody, HIV antibody should be mandatory for pregnant women to reduce mortality and morbidity.
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Roeder, Kevin R. "Rural HIV/AIDS Services." Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services 1, no. 2 (2002): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j187v01n02_03.

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Tonen-Wolyec, Serge, Roland Marini Djang’eing’a, Salomon Batina-Agasa, et al. "Self-testing for HIV, HBV, and HCV using finger-stick whole-blood multiplex immunochromatographic rapid test: A pilot feasibility study in sub-Saharan Africa." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0249701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249701.

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Background The burden of HIV, HBV, and HCV infections remains disproportionately high in sub-Saharan Africa, with high rates of co-infections. Multiplex rapid diagnostic tests for HIV, HBV and HCV serological testing with high analytical performances may improve the “cascade of screening” and quite possibly the linkage-to-care with reduced cost. Based on our previous field experience of HIV self-testing, we herein aimed at evaluating the practicability and acceptability of a prototype finger-stick whole-blood Triplex HIV/HCV/HBsAg self-test as a simultaneous serological screening tool for HIV, HBV, and HCV in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Methods A cross-sectional multicentric study consisting of face-to-face, paper-based, and semi-structured questionnaires with a home-based and facility-based recruitment of untrained adult volunteers at risk of HIV, HBV, and HCV infections recruited from the general public was conducted in 2020 in urban and rural areas in the DRC. The practicability of the Triplex self-test was assessed by 3 substudies on the observation of self-test manipulation including the understanding of the instructions for use (IFU), on the interpretation of Triplex self-test results and on its acceptability. Results A total of 251 volunteers (mean age, 28 years; range, 18–49; 154 males) were included, from urban [160 (63.7%)] and rural [91 (36.3%)] areas. Overall, 242 (96.4%) participants performed the Triplex self-test and succeeded in obtaining a valid test result with an overall usability index of 89.2%. The correct use of the Triplex self-test was higher in urban areas than rural areas (51.2% versus 16.5%; aOR: 6.9). The use of video IFU in addition to paper-based IFU increased the correct manipulation and interpretation of the Triplex self-test. A total of 197 (78.5%) participants correctly interpreted the Triplex self-test results, whereas 54 (21.5%) misinterpreted their results, mainly the positive test results harboring low-intensity band (30/251; 12.0%), and preferentially the HBsAg band (12/44; 27.3%). The rates of acceptability of reuse, distribution of the Triplex self-test to third parties (partner, friend, or family member), linkage to the health care facility for confirmation of results and treatment, and confidence in the self-test results were very high, especially among participants from urban areas. Conclusions This pilot study shows evidence for the first time in sub-Saharan Africa on good practicability and high acceptability of a prototype Triplex HIV/HCV/HBsAg self-test for simultaneous diagnosis of three highly prevalent chronic viral infections, providing the rational basis of using self-test harboring four bands of interest, i.e. the control, HIV, HCV, and HBsAg bands. The relatively frequent misinterpretation of the Triplex self-test points however the necessity to improve the delivery of this prototype Triplex self-test probably in a supervised setting. Finally, these observations lay the foundations for the potential large-scale use of the Triplex self-test in populations living in sub-Saharan Africa at high risk for HIV, HBV, and HCV infections.
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Peteet, Bridgette, Michele Staton, Brittany Miller-Roenigk, Adam Carle, and Carrie Oser. "Rural Incarcerated Women: HIV/HCV Knowledge and Correlates of Risky Behavior." Health Education & Behavior 45, no. 6 (2018): 977–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198118763879.

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Rural incarcerated women have an increased risk of acquiring the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) due to prevalent engagement in drug use and sexual behaviors. Limited research has investigated HIV and HCV knowledge in this high-risk population. Furthermore, the interplay of sociodemographic factors (i.e., education, age, income, and sexual orientation) and risky behavior is understudied in this population. The present study evaluated a sample of adult, predominately White women from rural Kentucky ( n = 387) who were recruited from local jails. The sample had high HIV and HCV knowledge but also reported extensive risk behaviors including 44% engaging in sex work and 75.5% reporting a history of drug injection. The results of multiple regression analysis for risky sexual behavior indicated that sexual minority women and those with less HIV knowledge were more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors. The regression model identifying the significant correlates of risky drug behavior indicated that HIV knowledge, age, and income were negative correlates and that sexual minority women were more likely to engage in high-risk drug use. When HCV knowledge was added to the regression models already including HIV knowledge, the interaction was significant for drug risk. Interventions for rural imprisoned women should consider the varied impact of sociodemographic background and prioritize HIV education to more effectively deter risky sexual and drug behaviors.
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McLuckie, Colleen, Mai Pho, Kaitlin Ellis, et al. "Identifying Areas with Disproportionate Local Health Department Services Relative to Opioid Overdose, HIV and Hepatitis C Diagnosis Rates: A Study of Rural Illinois." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (2019): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060989.

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Background: U.S. rural populations have been disproportionately affected by the syndemic of opioid-use disorder (OUD) and the associated increase in overdoses and risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Local health departments (LHDs) can play a critical role in the response to this syndemic. We utilized two geospatial approaches to identify areas of discordance between LHD service availability and disease burden to inform service prioritization in rural settings. Methods: We surveyed rural Illinois LHDs to assess their OUD-related services, and calculated county-level opioid overdose, HIV, and hepatitis C diagnosis rates. Bivariate choropleth maps were created to display LHD service provision relative to disease burden in rural Illinois counties. Results: Most rural LHDs provided limited OUD-related services, although many LHDs provided HIV and HCV testing. Bivariate mapping showed rural counties with limited OUD treatment and HIV services and with corresponding higher outcome/disease rates to be dispersed throughout Illinois. Additionally, rural counties with limited LHD-offered hepatitis C services and high hepatitis C diagnosis rates were geographically concentrated in southern Illinois. Conclusions: Bivariate mapping can enable geographic targeting of resources to address the opioid crisis and related infectious disease by identifying areas with low LHD services relative to high disease burden.
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Li, Chunlin, Yu Yang, Yingjian Wang, et al. "Impact of maternal HIV–HBV coinfection on pregnancy outcomes in an underdeveloped rural area of southwest China." Sexually Transmitted Infections 96, no. 7 (2020): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-054295.

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ObjectivesOur objective was to determine the impact of maternal HIV–hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection on pregnancy outcomes.MethodsThe current study was conducted in a county of Yi Autonomous Prefecture in southwest China. Data were abstracted from hospitalisation records, including maternal and infant information. The seroprevalences of HIV and HBV infections and HIV–HBV coinfection were determined and the impact of maternal HIV–HBV coinfection on adverse pregnancy outcomes was assessed using logistic regression analysis. A treatment effects linear regression model was also applied to examine the effect of HBV, HIV or coinfection to quantify the absolute difference in birth weight from a reference of HBV–HIV negative participants.ResultsA total of 13 198 pregnant women were included in our study, and among them, 99.1% were Yi people and 90.8% lived in rural area. The seroprevalences of HIV and HBV infections and HIV–HBV coinfection were 3.6% (95% CI: 3.2% to 3.9%), 3.2% (95% CI: 2.9% to 3.5%) and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1% to 0.2%) among the pregnant women, respectively. Maternal HIV–HBV coinfection was a risk factor for low birth weight (adjusted OR (aOR)=5.52, 95% CI: 1.97 to 15.40). Compared with the HIV mono-infection group, the risk of low birth weight was significantly higher in the HIV–HBV coinfection group (aOR=3.62, 95% CI: 1.24 to 10.56). Maternal HIV infection was associated with an increased risk of low birth weight (aOR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.38 to 2.60) and preterm delivery (aOR=2.84, 95% CI: 1.81 to 4.47). Perinatal death was more common when mothers were infected with HBV (aOR=2.85, 95% CI: 1.54 to 5.26).ConclusionsThe prevalence of HIV infection was high among pregnant women of the Yi region. Both HIV and HBV infections might have adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. Maternal HIV–HBV coinfection might be a risk factor for low birth weight in the Yi region, which needs to be confirmed.
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Mandiwana, Azhani, and Stephane Tshitenge. "Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus — hepatitis B virus co-infection amongst adult patients in Mahalapye, Ngami, Serowe, Botswana: a descriptive cross-sectional study." South African Family Practice 59, no. 3 (2017): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v59i3.4716.

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Background: About 37 million people are living with human-immunodeficiency-virus (HIV) worldwide, with 2.6 million co-infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV infection causes 650 000 deaths annually worldwide. Botswana has a high prevalence of HIV and a growing population of patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV–HBV co-infection amongst HAART eligible adult patients in some rural settings in Botswana.
 
 Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst HAART eligible adult patients at 15 HAART clinics in the Mahalapye, Ngami and Serowe Health Districts of Botswana, from August to October 2015. A total of 132 were recruited; of these 118 consented and were tested for HBsAg reactivity using Elisa.
 
 Results: Six (5.1%, 6/118) patients from the three rural health districts were HIV–HBV co-infected, with three in the 20–29 age group. The association between sex and HIV–HBV co-infection status was not statistically significant; p = 1.00. 
 
 Conclusion: The finding of 5.1% HIV–HBV co-infection prevalence in some rural settings of Botswana was similar to results from one study conducted in a Botswana urban centre, while another previous similar study reported prevalence as being twice as high. This finding may call for prioritisation of pre-HAART HBV screening and early HAART initiation for all HIV-infected patients. 
 
 (Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp)
 
 S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2016.1272230
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rural HIV"

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Ncube, Vincent Frank. "HIV/AIDS in rural Tonga culture." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53068.

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Although HIV and AIDS has become a common phenomenon in Zimbabwe and the world over, it still remains a bone of contention for many people with regards to its spread and consequences. Thirty-five years has gone by since the advent of HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwe. A number of factors, such as unprotected sex; handling of AIDS patients without proper and adequate facilities; and the usage of used needles have been accused of influencing the spread of HIV and AIDS in some parts of Zimbabwe. However, factors influencing the spread of HIV and AIDS among the Tonga females are different from what has been said concerning other parts of country .Factors such as cultural practices which are oppressive to females are responsible for fuelling the spread of AIDS pandemic among the Tonga females. In view of this, the study is therefore meant to examine the validity of the claim which presupposes that those cultural practices such as polygamy; marrying of a spouse whose husband is believed to have died of AIDS; child marriage among others, as responsible for the spread of HIV and AIDS among the Tonga females. It is also the study s aim to validate or falsify the assumption that the Tonga females are more vulnerable to HIV and AIDS than their male counterparts. Since the study seeks to establish the plight of the Tonga females of the Pashu community in the context of HIV and AIDS, about 98% of the respondents or participants are females. The reason for this is to maximise a female voice. In other words, more females were interviewed than males. The gathered data during interviews had been analysed. The study findings confirmed the assumed problem of the Tonga females suffering from HIV and AIDS due to the mentioned factors. Presumably the subsequent consequences of HIV and AIDS have necessitated a pastoral oversight to the afflicted females. In some cases, family relationships are broken. Some witchcraft accusations have also caused hatred among some family members. Seemingly pain and suffering in this case has superseded joy. These findings have influenced a recommendation that a further study on specific cultural practices mentioned above be pursued. The study has revealed and addressed the issues affecting the Tonga females in the context of HIV and AIDS.<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.<br>tm2016<br>Practical Theology<br>PhD<br>Unrestricted
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Adams, Jimi. "Religion networks and HIV/AIDS in rural Malawi." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1179942482.

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Vyas, Krutarth J. "HIV Stigma Within Religious Communities in Rural India." ScholarWorks, 2015. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1725.

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This study was conducted to gain a better understanding of HIV/AIDS-related stigma within religious communities in rural Gujarat, India. This study used the hidden distress model of HIV stigma and the HIV peer education model as conceptual frameworks to examine a rural population sample of 100 participants. Regression analysis was conducted to test if school education had a moderating effect on the relationship between illness as punishment for sin (IPS) and HIV stigma. Religiosity was tested for mediating effects on the relationship between early religious involvement (ERI) and HIV stigma. The results of this study indicated that single unemployed men under the age of 28 were more likely to relate religiosity, IPS, and ERI to HIV stigma. Furthermore, education did not significantly moderate the relationship between IPS and HIV Stigma, and religiosity also did not mediate the relationship between ERI and HIV stigma. However, an additional mediation analysis showed that IPS did mediate the relationship between religiosity and HIV stigma in this study. The results of this study suggested that HIV/AIDS awareness programs may need to focus on young unemployed men because they may be the most susceptible to stigmatic thinking. It can be concluded that IPS was a major contributor in the proliferation of HIV stigma for participants in this study. Further research is needed to understand how belief in an authoritarian God could increase IPS, and how education initiatives may aid in decreasing IPS among inhabitants. This study strived to add to the existing body of knowledge and help improve the lives of those infected with HIV in rural parts of India.
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adams, jimi. "Religion networks and HIV/AIDS in rural Malawi." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1179942482.

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Nemuramba, Rathani. "HIV related risk behaviours in South African rural community." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/663.

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Thesis (M.A. (Research Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2010<br>This study measures the relationship between the AIDS risk reduction model (ARRM) variables associated with HIV related risk behaviours on learners from a South African rural community. A cross-sectional study was conducted using 308 learners in a Limpopo rural high school to identify HIV risk behaviours. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression to test the usefulness of ARRM variables in predicting sexual risk. Sexual risk was measured as; (a) vaginal sex without a condom, (b) anal sex without a condom (c) number of sexual partners in the last twelve months and (d) time taken before having sex with a new partner. Two of the ARRM variables, that is perceived susceptibility and sexual response efficacy, were found to be the most important predictors of HIV related risk behaviours. There is an argent need for effective preventive activities in rural areas, especially through school-based interventions. Key words: ARRM HIV HIV prevention Risk behaviors
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Chadwick, Caleb N., Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein, Mark McCormack, and Abbey K. Mann. "Experiences of HIV Stigma in Rural Southern Religious Settings." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6436.

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Experiences of stigma, including stigma in religious settings, among individuals who are HIV positive have been widely documented. However, research related to stigma has predominantly focussed on urban locations. As a result, stigma incurred via religious settings in non-urban areas has been underexplored. The aim of this study is to uncover the experiences of individuals who are HIV positive with religious institutions, leaders and congregants in the non-urban American South. A total of 22 participants were interviewed. Experiences with stigma were pervasive with participants often describing anticipation of future stigma (often based on past negative experiences), the experience of stigma, and, for some participants, intersectional or layered stigma related to being both gay, or being perceived as gay, and HIV positive. Our findings suggest that the conditions of the non-urban setting in which this research took place made specific contributions to participants’ experiences of stigma.
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Cawley, C. "Understanding the role of HIV testing and counselling services in HIV prevention in rural Tanzania." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2015. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2373946/.

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This thesis aims to describe the uptake and coverage of HIV testing and counselling (HTC) services in a community cohort study in rural Tanzania between 2003 and 2010, and to investigate the impact of HTC on changes in sexual risk behaviour and HIV incidence. Paper A uses data from three HTC services (community outreach HTC (CO-HTC), walk-in HTC (WI-HTC) and antenatal HTC) linked to the community cohort data to compare the characteristics of services users, and found that while WI-HTC was most likely attract HIV-positive individuals, the overall proportion of infected persons diagnosed was greatest at CO-HTC. Rates of repeat testing are important to understand given potential HIV treatment as prevention approaches. Paper B found that small proportions of cohort participants repeat tested between 2003 and 2010, although this improved over time. Paper C presents a quantitative analysis of the impact of CO-HTC on changes in sexual behaviour and HIV incidence, and found moderate associations between HTC use and reductions in some risk behaviours among HIV-negative participants, but no impacts among HIV-positive individuals or reductions in HIV incidence, possibly as a result of small sample sizes and a declining background incidence in the study area. Paper D presents findings from a qualitative study exploring the effectiveness of HIV prevention counselling messages, which showed that relationship dynamics constrained the extent to which HIV-negative women felt able to control their HIVrelated risk, and imbalanced client-counsellor interactions limited communication during counselling sessions. Overall, the findings from the thesis reveal that provision of different HTC models increased the uptake of services, but the proportions of individuals repeat testing were low and there was limited evidence for an impact of HTC on sexual risk reduction. Future research should explore the effectiveness of different HTC modalities in encouraging repeat testing among high risk HIV-negative individuals, influencing sexual behaviour change and linking HIV-positive people to care and treatment.
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Tims, Michael S. "Adapting Mpowerment to a Rural Area." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/641.

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As HIV/AIDS continues to disproportionately impact men who have sex with men (MSM) (CDC, 2010a), effective and timely prevention strategies for this population must be developed. Specifically, evidence-based interventions that can be easily adapted and have proven effectiveness are needed. Hence, the purpose of the current study was to assess the impact of the Mpowerment Project (Hayes, Rebchook, & Kegeles, 2003), a community level HIV prevention program originally designed for young urban gay men, when adapted for rural gay men. The Mpowerment Project is recognized as evidence- based intervention by the CDC (CDC, 2009b). The current study is an extension of this research, assessing Mpowerment model fidelity and the behavioral and attitudinal changes that occurred among participants. Data were collected from participants in a rural area of southeast Idaho from 2002-2004. Data were collected prior to M-Group participation and at a three months follow-up. The 66 individuals completing the M-Group pre and posttest assessment also attended a minimum of three study events and a maximum of 226 events. Results revealed no significant changes in attitudinal variables and all but one behavioral variable among Rural Mpowerment (R-MP) participants. The one significant behavior change was an increase in reported safer sex discussion among friends, indicating a possible change in the social norm regarding safer sex. Results also indicate that program fidelity was maintained and the Mpowerment Project is adaptable to rural areas. However, there was no indication of attitudinal changes in participants of this study. There were no changes in behavioral variables aside from discussion about safer sex with friends increasing. The lack of evidence-based interventions for rural gay men highlights the need for further research on the community impact of the Mpowerment Project on rural participants.
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Shazi-Mweli, Protasia Lily Bathelile. "Educators' attitudes towards HlV/AIDS at rural schools." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1132.

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Submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Education in the Department of Educational Psychology and Special Education at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2010.<br>One of the most devastating diseases in. modem history as measured in terms of loss of human life is the HIV/AIDS pandemic - Approximately 200 million people have already died. Sub- Sahara Africa is the most affected with South Africa severely affected with an estimated 6 million HIV positive South Africans and 2.5 million already dead from AIDS or related illnesses. This study, located at several primary and secondary schools in the deep rural areas of the Scottsburgh circuit, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, was undertaken to investigate the trend that, despite a higher level of knowledge and exposure to information about HIV/AID amongst educators and despite comprehensive campaigns to fight HIV/AIDS, an increasing number of educators are still dying from the disease. In this study it is assumed that knowledge alone is not enough and that attitude change is central to HIV/AIDS prevention since attitudes influence the way in which persons behave. The following research questions are asked: What is the nature of educators' attitudes towards HIV/AIDS, and, are the educators' attitudes towards HIV/AIDS influenced by variables such as age, gender, religion, experience and qualification? Thus the study aims to: determine the nature of educators' attitudes towards HIV/AIDS, and find out whether or not educators' attitudes towards HIV/AIDS are influenced by characteristics such as, gender, age, experience, religion, and qualification. To determine this, a quantitative study was conducted with 71 secondary and primary school educators in the rural area of KwaZulu Natal, Scottsburgh district. The survey, a cross sectional design, involved administering a fixed response questionnaire (Likert scale type) categorized into five scales, which described the nature of educators' attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. The study revealed that there was no significant difference amongst the sampled educators' attitudes towards HIV/ADS, and that these attitudes were mostly negative. This difference was also not influenced by educators' age, gender, qualification, experience or religion. The study found that educators were still discriminating, reluctant to test themselves and disclose their HIV/AIDS status, which may be related to the failure of HIV/AIDS prevention strategies. The campaign to stop the spread of HIV/AIDS in schools and m communities appears to be jeopardized by such attitudes of educators. The following was recommended: the cascading system of training educators did not work and therefore the Department of Education must ensure that every educator has an opportunity to receive training in HIV/AIDS information; that support systems (emotional, psychological, medical) for those educators infected and affected by HFV/AIDS be made available; financial allocations to HIV/AIDS prevention programmes should be increased but with better fmancial control; employment of full-time co-ordinators who are knowledgeable; provision of incentives to encourage educators to test for HIV/AIDS and programmes that provide social skills training needed for behavioural change, as well as those that aim at reducmg stigraatization, ostracism and discrimination of individuals infected. The researcher suggests that an immediate, urgent strategy to address educator attitudes towards the disease is required from the relevant government departments.
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Emilien, Regine Alexandra. "Understanding the HIV Risk Behaviors in Haiti:A Rural-Urban Comparison." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/37.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the extent and potential correlates of sexual risk taking behaviors related to condom use and number of sexual partners among Haitians aged 15 to 49 years old living in the urban and rural areas. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2005-2006 cross-sectional survey conducted by the Demographic Health survey. Our study population (15143) was analyzed based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) theory using a bivariate and multiple logistic regression analysis with SPSS for windows. Results: In both rural and urban areas dwellers had an accurate knowledge of the disease. However, a small proportion in both areas used condoms during their last sexual intercourse. Perceiving the disease's severity was more likely associated with condom use in the urban (OR 1.36, p ≤ .01) and in the rural areas (OR 1.45, p ≤.05). Strong associations have been found between some variables of the HBM and condom use but none have been found associated with zero or one sex partner. Findings were similar in both areas Conclusion: Holistic approach should be considered in the prevention strategy conducted in Haiti to tackle other factors that may contribute in delaying responsible sexual behavior in that country.
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Books on the topic "Rural HIV"

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Parks, Fayth M., Gregory S. Felzien, and Sally Jue, eds. HIV/AIDS in Rural Communities. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56239-1.

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Helge, Doris. Needs of rural schools regarding HIV education. National Rural Development Institute, 1989.

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author, Amos Angelyn, and National Research Institute (Papua New Guinea), eds. HIV prevention in rural economic enclaves: A health workers baseline survey. National Research Institute, 2010.

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A kinship of bones: AIDS, intimacy, and care in Rural KwaZulu-Natal. University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2012.

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White, Joanna. HIV/AIDS and rural livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa. Natural Resources Institute, 2000.

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Garí, Josep A. Plant diversity, sustainable rural livelihoods and the HIV/AIDS crisis. UNDP South East Asia HIV and Development Programme, 2004.

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Paulk, Jonathan. A survey of HIV education programs in rural teacher training institutions. National Rural Development Institute, 1989.

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Mutangadura, Gladys. A review of household and community responses to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa. UNAIDS, 1999.

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Centre for Development Management Consulting. Consulting and Learning Initiative. Needs assessment study for the establishment of rural and urban HIV/AIDS information resource centres: Final report. National AIDS Commission, 2004.

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AIDS, intimacy and care in rural KwaZulu-Natal: A kinship of bones. Amsterdam University Press, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rural HIV"

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Kelly, Jane, Deepali Rane, Brian Huylebroeck, Pascale Wortley, and Cherie Drenzek. "Case Study: Georgia’s Rural Versus Non-rural Populations." In HIV/AIDS in Rural Communities. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56239-1_1.

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Jeffreys, Elaine, and SU Gang. "Rural-to-urban migrant labourers." In Governing HIV in China. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315175546-7.

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Blake, Barbara J., and Gloria Ann Jones Taylor. "Learning to Age Successfully with HIV." In HIV/AIDS in Rural Communities. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56239-1_10.

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Hrostowski, Susan. "More than Our Share: The Unchecked HIV/AIDS Crisis in Mississippi." In HIV/AIDS in Rural Communities. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56239-1_2.

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Schipani-McLaughlin, Anne Marie, Danielle Lambert, Carolyn Lauckner, and Nathan Hansen. "HIV/AIDS: The Last 30-Plus Years." In HIV/AIDS in Rural Communities. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56239-1_3.

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Felzien, Gregory S. "HIV Medications: Why They Work and Why They Fail." In HIV/AIDS in Rural Communities. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56239-1_4.

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Carnes, Neal A., John Malone, and Jordan Helms. "HIV Prevention: Treatment as Prevention (TasP), Occupational Postexposure Prophylaxis (oPEP), Nonoccupational Postexposure Prophylaxis (nPEP), and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)." In HIV/AIDS in Rural Communities. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56239-1_5.

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Chenneville, Tiffany. "Pediatric/Adolescent HIV: Legal and Ethical Issues." In HIV/AIDS in Rural Communities. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56239-1_6.

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Lenardson, Jennifer D., and Mary Lindsey Smith. "Catastrophic Consequences: The Link Between Rural Opioid Use and HIV/AIDS." In HIV/AIDS in Rural Communities. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56239-1_7.

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Wyatt-Morley, Catherine. "Our Experience: HIV-Positive African American Women in the Deep South." In HIV/AIDS in Rural Communities. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56239-1_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rural HIV"

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F. Maestre, Juan, Tawanna Dillahunt, Alec Andrew Theisz, et al. "Examining Mobility Among People Living with HIV in Rural Areas." In CHI '21: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445086.

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Kingsly, Clement Joy. "P3.47 Awarness of hiv/aids among rural population of gurgaon, india." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.284.

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Oduor, Erick, Carolyn Pang, Charles Wachira, et al. "Exploring Rural Community Practices in HIV Management for the Design of Technology for Hypertensive Patients Living with HIV." In DIS '19: Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2019. ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3322276.3322348.

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Duboviks, Janis, and Matiss Kite. "The effectiveness of social marketing in HIV prevention: a literature review." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.54.005.

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Adeagbo, O., M. Luthuli, D. Gumede, et al. "P144 Men’s perception of HIV-positive status disclosure in rural South Africa." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress, July 14–17 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2021-sti.253.

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Chitneni, Pooja, Mwebesa Bosco Bwana, Moran Owembabazi, et al. "P138 High STI prevalence among HIV-exposed women planning for pregnancy in rural, southwestern uganda." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.306.

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Mlanjeni, L., M. Mdingi, R. Gigi, and R. Peters. "P378 A wide variety of intravaginal practices should be considered in research studies in rural South Africa." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress, July 14–17 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2021-sti.414.

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Chaponda, E., R. Chico, J. Bruce, C. Michelo, and D. Chandramohan. "P221 Syndromic management of curable sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections among pregnant women in rural Zambia." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress, July 14–17 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2021-sti.308.

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Hart, Kylo-Patrick. "SOCIALLY CONSTRUCTING A MORAL UTOPIA: REPRESENTING RURAL SPACES AND PLACES IN AMERICAN MOVIES ABOUT HIV/AIDS." In 52nd International Academic Conference, Barcelona. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2019.052.025.

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Cichowitz, C., R. Gilbert, P. Bibangambah, et al. "Lung Function, Atherosclerosis, and the Impact of HIV in Rural Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a2232.

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Reports on the topic "Rural HIV"

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Filiatreau, Lindsey, Audrey Pettifor, Jess Edwards, et al. Factors influencing HIV care outcomes among adolescents living with HIV in rural South Africa. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv12.1024.

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Drs. Abrams-Downey, LaCross, Marsh, Drs Abrams-Downey, LaCross, Marsh. The Down Low: Curbing the HIV Epidemic in Rural Louisiana. Experiment, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/2158.

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Undie, Chi-Chi. Addressing sexual violence and HIV risk among married adolescent girls in rural Nyanza, Kenya. Population Council, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy12.1030.

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Coon, Katharine, Jessica Ogden, John Odolon, et al. Transcending boundaries to improve the food security of HIV-affected households in rural Uganda: A case study. Population Council, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2.1020.

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Erulkar, Annabel, Aragaw Lamesgin, and Eunice Muthengi. Meserete Hiwot' (Base of Life): Supporting married adolescents with HIV prevention and reproductive health in rural Ethiopia. Population Council, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy2.1066.

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Mensch, Barbara, Paul Hewett, Richard Gregory, and Stephane Helleringer. Sexual behavior and STI/HIV status among adolescents in rural Malawi: An evaluation of the effect of interview mode on reporting. Population Council, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy3.1004.

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Jere, Catherine M. Addressing educational access and retention of orphaned and vulnerable children in high HIV prevalence communities in rural Malawi: a flexible approach to learning. UCL Institute of Education, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii295.

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Kim, Julia, Ian Askew, Lufuno Muvhango, et al. The Refentse model for post-rape care: Strengthening sexual assault care and HIV post-exposure prophylaxis in a district hospital in rural South Africa. Population Council, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh4.1099.

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Homan, Rick, and Catherine Searle. Programmatic implications of a cost study of home-based care programs in South Africa. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv14.1001.

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The HIV/AIDS epidemic has meant that an increasing number of chronically ill people need ongoing assistance with care and support. Programs providing home-based care (HBC) services are a key component of the response to HIV/AIDS. However, few programs are using operations research, including cost studies, to decide what services to provide and how to structure their services. In 2004, the Horizons Program undertook a study of six HBC programs from different South African provinces to provide key information to NGOs, government ministries, donors, and the programs themselves to inform decisions about service delivery. The study analyzed the cost of HBC services, the best use of resources, and how well programs are able to meet the needs of beneficiaries and their families. The sample represents programs that operate in rural areas and informal settlements. This brief focuses on the coverage, organization, volume, and costs of the services and on findings from two of the methods of data collection: financial records and service statistics, and interviews with financial officers, program managers, and caregivers.
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Carson, Jessica A. Rural Areas with Seasonal Homes Hit Hard by COVID-19. University of New Hampshire Libraries, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34051/p/2020.391.

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