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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rural Nigeria'
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1
Ibrahim, Mohammed Kebiru. "Off-farm sector participation in rural Nigeria." Thesis, University of Reading, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658000.
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Majority of the population in rural Nigeria like in other developing countries are poor peasants and hugely dependent on agriculture and related activities for their livelihood. The high incidence of poverty is attributable to the challenges confronting agricultural production which has resulted in dwindling income from on-farm sources. The state of on-farm production and the increasing popularity of the off-farm sector has changed the status of a significant rural population from on-farm specialised to of farm diversified households. Such adjustment is expected to have an impact on poverty status and income distribution. The current study therefore examined the factors that drive household's participation in off-farm sector activities in rural Nigeria and assessed its effect on their poverty status and rural income inequality using data of rural households obtained from the RIGA database. Employing the probit models, the empirical results reveal that the participation decisions of rural household Me influenced mainly by human and social capital characteristic" farm production factors and locational characteristics. Based on the assumption that the participation decision is two-part, an analysis of the intensity of participation in the off farm activities using the double hurdle model shows that beside the categories of variables identified under the participation decision, labour market conditions and 8-%et status of households play n· major role in determining the intensity of off-farm work. The result, obtained from employing the propensity score matching and the FGT poverty measure Lo assess the effect of off-farm income on the expenditure outcome and poverty status of rural households, respectively show, significant effect on the welfare of rural households. Results reveal that income obtained from undertaking off-farm wage and self employment activities significantly contributes to enhancing the expenditure and poverty status of rural households. Specifically, of-farm income contributed to reducing the incidence, depth and severity of poverty.
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Olorunfemi, Christianah Oluseyi. "Perspectives on HIV/AIDS: American-Based Nigerian Women Who Experienced Polygamy in Rural Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1350.
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Traditionally, in Nigeria women play a subservient role in relation to men. While a man can practice polygamy by marrying many wives, women cannot marry more than one husband at a time. Although researchers have documented the effects of polygamy on the spread of HIV/AIDS, little is known about the experiences of polygamy by Nigerian women who stopped practicing polygamy by immigrating to the United States without their husbands. It is important to know the experiences of these women as they pertain specifically to the spread of HIV/AIDS so as to develop a preventive intervention for HIV/AIDS among Nigerian women in polygamy. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the perspectives on HIV/AIDS held by 10 Nigerian women who practiced polygamy in Nigeria before immigrating to the United States. Recruitment was done through purposive sampling at a faith-based organization. Guided by the health belief model, interview transcripts from the 10 women were analyzed to reveal recurrent themes that expressed the women's lived experiences in polygamy with their perspectives on HIV/AIDS. Findings revealed that these women had a basic knowledge of the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS by engaging in polygamy but needed to comply with the terms of sexual encounters as dictated by their husbands; therefore, they were at risk for HIV/AIDS. The results of this study can be used to increase awareness among Nigerian women in polygamy and Nigerian health policy makers regarding the transmission of HIV/AIDS and the preventive measures available for HIV/AIDS. Understanding the experiences of women in polygamy may lead to greater understanding of the impact of polygamy on HIV/AIDS and may help to decrease the prevalence of this disease.
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Nyong, Anthony Okon. "Domestic water demand in rural semi-arid Nigeria." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0027/NQ51172.pdf.
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Nyong, Anthony Okon. "Domestic water demand in rural semi-arid Nigeria /." *McMaster only, 1998.
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5
Aniah, Eugene Joseph Ugbe. "Urban-rural interaction in cross river state Nigeria." Thesis, Durham University, 1992. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1552/.
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Peretu, Benedicta Tariere. "Les femmes africaines dans les projets de développement rural : étude de cas au Nigéria." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010607.
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La problématique des femmes en rapport avec le développement était quasi inexistante voire même impensable au Nigeria comme dans d'autres parties du Tiers Monde. Ce n'est qu'à partir de la deuxième décennie (1970-1980) des Nations Unies pour le développement que la cause des femmes est devenue une préoccupation majeure. Suite à cela, le gouvernement nigérian a créé le Better Life Programme et le Family Support Programme. C'étaient deux programmes destinés essentiellement à intégrer les femmes rurales dans une dynamique socio-économique. Cette thèse relève du domaine de la sociologie de la communication. C'est une étude qualitative portée sur l'ethnographie des deux villages Tiv, Apir et Fiidi dans l'Etat de Bénoué au Nigeria. Elle est accompagnée de Femmes Tiv du Nigeria, un documentaire sociologique réalisé sur les femmes des deux coopératives étudiées. L'approche d'empowerment (le partage équitable du pouvoir) adoptée nous a permis d'examiner les apports de la décennie de la femme sur le Nigeria et sa population locale. Le premier chapitre porte sur la place de la caméra dans la recherche sociologique, l'analyse filmique du documentaire et la situation des Nigérianes aux époques pré-coloniale et coloniale. Le reste du travail met en lumière la prise de conscience, les stratégies et certains modèles de développement ainsi que la condition des Nigérianes après la décennie de la femme. Ont été abordés également l'ethnographie des femmes Tiv, des mesures d'impulsion de réussite des deux programmes et les coopératives Mbaadigam Apir et Sam Mbakpe.
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Tarhule, Aondover Augustine. "Droughts, rainfall and rural water supply in northern Nigeria." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ30174.pdf.
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Robson, Elsbeth. "Gender, space and empowerment in rural Hausaland, northern Nigeria." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e40bc658-dff2-4876-a845-090a2552457a.
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Reducing gender inequalities by enabling women's empowerment is a major focus of the literature and practices of gender and development. The work of this thesis contributes to debates about female empowerment, especially for peasant women in peripheral capitalist economies. The central themes of enquiry are power relations of gender and space in the socio-economic processes in which peasant households and their members are embedded. The focus of investigation is the extent to which commodity exchange outside the household reinforces, or reduces, women's position of power/disempowerment. The central question taken for analysis is whether income earning via trading empowers women, thus reducing their subordination. This hypothesis is widely accepted. Many NGOs (non-governmental organisations) and other development institutions base efforts around the notion that income earning is liberating for women. This hypothesis is investigated for rural Hausa women in Northern Nigeria who are secluded within their homes by the religio-cultural practice of purdah, but who engage in trade, often through the agency of children. The major empirical part of the study develops and applies an original framework for analysis of empowerment that identifies and maps gender divisions of labour and space in the spheres of production, reproduction and circulation in which rural Hausa men and women are embedded. The overall conclusion reached is that gender divisions of work, both inside and outside rural Hausa households, and especially in trade, reflect and sustain the subordination of women and their inferior position relative to men, especially through the control of space. The notion of income earning as universally empowering for women does not hold because rural Hausa women engaged in the market are not significantly empowered by their income earning because of the complex realities of patriarchy whereby women have weak bargaining powers.
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Igwe, Paul Agu. "Rural non-farm livelihood diversification and poverty reduction in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1561.
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The aim of this research is to provide analysis of the rural non-farm sector in Nigeria by investigating inter-linkages between farm and non-farm activities. By critical analysis using quantitative and qualitative research methods to investigate farm and non-farm sectors, the research attempts to reveal the complex linkages between these activities undertaken by rural households. The analysis employs household surveys aimed at collecting primary data undertaken to investigate various aspects of rural livelihoods including sources of income, employment, diversification and determinants of household income. The research provides analysis of Rural Micro and Small Enterprises (RMSEs) in the non-farm sector. It investigates the sources of rural livelihoods, which are primarily based on farming activities. However, farming in this area is still carried out by about 80 percent of households in a traditional subsistence system with crude implements and in scattered plots of about 2.0 hectares or less. This subsistence farming system has resulted in increasing changes in decision making, along with dynamic processes of socio-economic and cultural changes including assets and resources which households depend on for their survival. Diversification of income activities has become an important aspect of rural livelihoods due to continued low agricultural income and output. Non-farm income activities have the potential to reduce rising rural unemployment, providing more income opportunities for young people, women and other vulnerable groups. It can provide capital for investment in child education, home improvement, asset formation and on-farm innovation or expansion. This research argues for an integrated approach towards rural development and poverty reduction through the promotion of both agriculture and non-agricultural sectors. Analysis of household income structure and determinants indicate that non-farm income accounts for about 44% of total household income and non-farm income has become an important source of capital for on-farm and off-farm investment. Ownership of non-farm enterprise, household labour force, level of education, age, farm size (land), financial capital (level of savings) and access to basic infrastructure are the main determinants of household income. Using disaggregated and distributional data the study found variations in effect of the various factors on household income on different groups of households.
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Hwakar, H. G. "Key settlement policy and rural development planning in central Nigeria." Thesis, University of Salford, 1985. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26722/.
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Yoms, Ephraim. "Towards a people-centred approach in theology for socio-economic rural community development in Nasarawa State, Nigeria." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80003.
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Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research proposes a people-centred approach to community development in Nasarawa State, Nigeria, within a practical theology framework. The researcher, therefore examine the community development approach in Nasarawa State Nigeria, to ascertain the extent of a people-centred approach in order for a more robust concept that is reasonable for the church towards socio-economic community development. The data used in this research was collected from secondary sources. These sources include: articles, books, journals and public documents. The research recognizes considerable efforts made so far towards socio-economic development of Nasarawa State. The research indicates that socio-economic development in the rural communities continues to face major challenges, due to the absence of an effective approach to development. The research argues that the persistence of poverty in such communities is inconsistent with the riches of the State‘s natural resources. Therefore, the research proposes a holistic approach which focuses on the participation of the church in community development efforts, and which is motivated by both physical and spiritual needs of the people. It is argued in this research that contrary to modernization, relief and welfare which create dependency, a people-centred approach restores power to the people and enables active participation of the poor in the process of community development. The research holds the view that a holistic people-centred approach of development entails participation, empowerment, self-reliance and sustainability which are basic components of community development. The goal of the church in development in terms of reconciliation and building relationships is considered to ensure that these components are duly achieved.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie bied ʼn mens-gesentreerde benadering tot gemeenskapsontwikkeling binne ʼn praktiese teologiese raamwerk. Die studie ondersoek die benadering tot gemeenskapsontwikkeling in Nasarawa Staat, Nigerië, met die doel om die invloed van ʼn mens-gesentreerde benadering te bepaal. Verder, bied hierdie studie ‘n meer robuuste model vir sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling wat meer gepas is vir die kerk se betrokkenheid in gemeenskapsontwikkeling. Inligting vir hierdie studie is verkry van sekondêre resensies en sluit artikels, boeke, joernale en publieke dokumente in. Die navorsing erken die aansienlike bydraes wat sover gelewer is ten opsigte van die sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling van die Nasarawa Staat. Dit erken dat sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling in plattelandse gemeenskappe steeds groot uitdagings beleef, waarskynlik vanweë die afwesigheid van ʼn effektiewe aanslag tot ontwikkeling. Die studie argumenteer dat die voortbestaan van armoede in sulke gemeenskappe teenstrydig is met die staat se natuurlike hulpbronne. Daarom stel die studie ‘n holistiese aanslag, wat fokus op die deelname van die gemeenskap in ontwikkelingspoging en wat deur beide die fisiese en geestelike behoeftes van die mense voor. Daar word geargumenteer dat, anders as verligting en welsyn, wat afhanklikheid skep, ʼn mens-gesentreerde aanslag mag by die mense herstel en aktiewe deelname in die proses van gemeenskapsontwikkeling moontlik maak. Daarom, voer hierdie studie aan dat ʼn holistiese, mens-gesentreerde model van gemeenskapsontwikkeling, deelname, bemagtiging, selfstandigheid en volhoubaarheid behels, wat basiese komponente van gemeenskapsontwikkeling is.
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Itaman, Theophilus Idebaneria. "School Leadership in a High Performing Rural Catholic School in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4294.
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Researchers have observed that effective leaders are essential to achieving and sustaining high student achievement in disadvantaged poor rural areas. Poor leadership may negatively influence the academic performance of students. The poor performance of students in disadvantaged rural areas has been a continuous concern for Catholic educators in Nigeria. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the leadership practices that a rural Catholic school principal implemented to improve the academic standards in a disadvantaged environment in Nigeria. This qualitative case study sought to explore the practices of a principal in a Catholic school in the Diocese of Auchi that have improved student performance significantly in a disadvantaged rural area. Leithwood and Riehl's core leadership practices framework served as a conceptual basis for understanding the leadership practices of an effective school principal. The collection of data was through semistructured interviews with 12 participants (principal, 6 teachers, and 5 parents), a focus group with 5 teachers, field notes from direct observations, and documents from the school. Data analysis was thematic and flexible as guided by an interpretative framework. The findings suggest that Catholic school principals in disadvantaged areas need to set direction, have professional development for teachers, focus on the teaching and learning, and create an enabling climate with a positive culture, building Catholic character, good relationships, and stakeholders' collaboration. This study may contribute to positive social change in building best leadership practices in helping students learn in the midst of poverty, sustaining and improving student academic achievement.
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Kaka, Eddy B. "Decentralization of Local Government and Rural Development in Rivers State, Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4797.
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Rural communities in Rivers State, Nigeria are fraught with underdevelopment crises despite the accrual of wealth from oil and gas. Community Development Committees (CDCs) are established by the Rivers State government in each town and village to facilitate community development. However, the CDCs have failed to generate substantive development in rural communities. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to investigate the perceptions of local stakeholders as to the factors that have contributed to this policy failure. Benet's theory of polarities of democracy was used in this study. Twenty-two participants in the Khana region of Rivers State were interviewed regarding why the CDCs have failed to promote rural development in the Khana Local Government Area in Rivers State, Nigeria. Saldana's method of coding and content analysis were used for data analysis. The results from the analysis revealed that CDCs protected personal and political interests of the elites, excluded the voice of the local citizens, lacked representation from the minority, and CDC officials mismanaged funds and resources. To improve the lives of the rural people in Rivers State, Nigeria, it was recommended that CDCs become more inclusive. Also, CDC leaders need to work closely with all local stakeholders so that each stakeholder and not just the elites of the community will benefit from CDC policies or programs. Implementation of these recommendations might bring about more social justice and equity in the local communities served by CDCs. They might also help to promote reasonable distribution of government wealth through the provision of viable projects in the rural communities in Rivers State, Nigeria.
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Ugwu, Gabriel Ugwuja. "Family Predictive Factors of Rural Malaria Prevalence in Nsukka, Eastern Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7764.
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Children in early childhood are still suffering from burdens of malaria-related morbidity and mortality. There have been insufficient studies on how family-level factors may predict the prevalence of malaria (PoM), and negatively impact the control of malaria in rural areas, especially among children. In this study, potential family factors were explored to address the challenges associated with the increase in PoM among the children in rural areas of Nsukka. Socioecological framework guided this study at the interpersonal level. The quantitative cross-sectional study used secondary data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 2015 in Nsukka rural communities. Data were analyzed using chi-square analysis and multinomial logistic regression. The result showed a statistically significant relationship (P<0.05) between the age group susceptibility among children. There were statistically significant relationships between the family’s ownership of land for agricultural use, the family’s choice of a treatment facility and socioeconomic status. The couple’s extent of effective communication and whether the children in early childhood slept under the mosquito net showed statistically significant results. Positive social change implications depicted organizational level benefit that may help UNICEF and WHO by recruiting representatives in the distribution of preventive, control and treatment of malaria to the rural areas. Empowerment of women in the household to attend to their children during an emergency and standard housing policy initiative such as Family in Children (FIC) address both individual and societal levels, respectively.
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Redd, David Allen. "Yoruba migrants : a study of rural-urban linkages and community development." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ50561.pdf.
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Dabi, Daniel Davou. "Water use in the rural economy of a semi-arid environment : a northern Nigeria case study /." *McMaster only, 1998.
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Ayoub, Josef. "Patterns of rural household energy consumption and fuel preferences : a case study in Oyo State, south-western Nigeria." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61678.
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Ohiare, Sanusi. "Financing rural energy projects in developing countries : a case study of Nigeria." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10462.
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The recent awareness created by the UN Secretary General on the need to provide universal energy for all by 2030, which culminated in the declaration of 2012 as the “International Year of Sustainable Energy for All”, laid particular emphasis on the challenge of funding rural electrification in developing countries, and the need for innovative ways and financing options to be developed at national, regional and global levels towards achieving the ‘energy for all’ target of 2030. This research, as part of efforts towards remedying the rural electrification scourge of developing countries, particularly in Nigeria, provides financing options for rural electrification as far as the Nigerian Electricity Supply Industry (NESI) context is concerned. The study does this by first identifying appropriate least-cost electrification supply mode (Grid, Mini-grid and Off-grid), and estimating the financing requirement for providing universal energy access to rural Nigeria by 2030, using a spatial electricity planning model called the ‘Network Planner’. Results from this research shows that by the end of the seventeen year planning period (2013-2030), 98% of currently un-electrified communities will be viable for grid expansion, while only 2% will be mini-grid compatible. This is based on a proposed MV line extension of 12,193,060 metres or (12,193 kilometres), LV line length proposal of 711,954,700 metres or (711,954 kilometres), and an estimated total cost of US$34.5 billion investment within the planning period. More so, a total number of 28.5 million households are to be electrified by 2030, which is equivalent to an estimated 125million people to be provided electricity by 2030.The analysis was done for the 36 states of Nigeria and the entire country, using data from the 774 Local Government Areas of Nigeria. In addition to the Rural Electrification Fund (REF) of the FGN, which gets funding from yearly budgetary allocations from the FGN, fines obtained by NERC, surplus appropriation, interests accruing to the REF and donations from various sources, the following financing options were recommended for rural electrification in Nigeria: The establishment of a Renewable Energy Development Charge (REDC); The establishment of a Rural Electrification Fund Tax (REFT) Law; adopting rural electrification as part of Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) for oil and other companies; Exploring the option of Crowd-funding; and Establishing a Renewable Energy Private Equity Fund in Nigeria.
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Akorede, Muideen Oluwafemi. "Translating development : an ethnographic study of community-driven development in rural Nigeria." Thesis, University of East London, 2010. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/2599/.
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This thesis focuses on the dynamics of donor-funded policy and projects in rural Nigeria, bringing out the contending understandings and uses of Community Driven Development (CDD). CDD in an approach to localizing development resources adopted by the Community-Based Poverty Reduction Project (CPRP), a partnership involving the World Bank, the African Development Bank and the Nigerian government in 2001. The study investigated what meanings those described as beneficiaries attach to CDD and associated projects, especially in terms of how they interact in the latter spaces. Also, the study explored how CDD projects actually work in practice in view of the involvement of differently positioned but related actors and the huge claims made in favour of the approach. Drawing from the fields of anthropology and development studies, the study is ethnographically grounded in a study of the implementation of CDD in Egbeda, a rural village in north central Nigeria which won funding to complete a 20-year electrification project from the GCPRP, the semi-autonomous agency set up to implement the policy. The literature on CDD tends to focus impact evaluations and on beneficiaries as victims of elite hijack. Overall, a focus on how the organizational objectives of implementers, local State actors and beneficiaries intersect with formal politics during implementation is limited. The study makes a contribution by showing how beneficiaries constrained by cultural forces and a top-down approach to implementation still found ways of exercising agency by re-politicising CDD and projects as a further way of reducing their poverty. It also extends understandings of the dynamics of donor-funded projects by showing that in a highly centralized polity such as Nigeria's, CDD projects work to the extent that they give concerned development actors a chance to achieve separate 'projects' even if the main project fails to meet set objectives.
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Amos, Isaac Thompson. "Health care access for a rural community in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3583317.
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Inadequate health care infrastructures and lack of qualified and trained health care professionals are barriers against timely and prompt access to health care services in the rural communities of Akwa Ibom State. The absence of immediate health care services, coupled with the lack of basic infrastructure and qualified health care professionals, has led to high mortality from preventable causes. Compounding the problem are poor governance, endemic corruption, and lack of involvement of trained professionals for management of human and material resources to support health care delivery, particularly in building the capacity and removing barriers and obstacles to effective delivery of primary health care services at the local community level. A quantitative quasi-experimental research study was used to evaluate access to health care services in the rural community in Etim Ekpo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria by introducing mobile phones and community health care educators. Four sets of hypotheses were tested to provide answers to two research questions using statistical analysis. The results indicated the importance of health care facilities and access to qualified health care professionals and the direct link to improved clinical outcome. The myriad of evidence presented in the literature that telemedicine infrastructure has been effectively used to create access to rural communities in most third world and developing countries was supported through this study. The results indicated mobile communication technology can make the difference in the Nigerian health care service delivery, particularly in remote villages.
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Omoja, Lawrence Onwura. "The role of small towns in rural development in Borno State, Nigeria." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261304.
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Okeke, Michael Ifeanyi. "Behaviors Related to HIV Infections in Rural Versus Urban Regions of Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2165.
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Efforts by the Federal Republic of Nigeria and international nongovernmental agencies to reduce the impact of HIV in Nigeria have not yielded the anticipated results. This study focused on the association between attitude, religious beliefs, knowledge of HIV, sexual risk behavior, and HIV epidemiology in rural and urban Nigeria. This quantitative study used social-cognitive theory and problem theory. The study was based on the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2013 data including a sample of 33,006 participants. Specific covariates including gender, sexual partners over the past years, age at first sexual encounter, socioeconomic status, and literacy level were obtained from the sample. Two hypotheses from each research question were tested to guide the study methodology. Linear regression results suggested that knowledge, attitude, location, and religion predicted sexual risk behavior. Muslims showed the least sexual risk behaviors compared to other religions while more positive attitudes and more knowledge increased sexual risk behaviours. Location had no significant impact on sexual risk behavior. Spearman correlation results depicted a relationship between knowledge and sexual risk behaviors of urban and rural Nigerians separately. More knowledge depicted an increase in sexual risk behaviors. The study results may be useful to Ministry of Health and program planners in constructing culturally based HIV interventions. The significant relationship between knowledge, attitude towards sex, and religious practices may be incorporated with theoretical knowledge on social-cognitive variables to enhance further understanding of the way in which individuals may engage in preventive behaviors to reduce HIV and its effects in Nigeria. Reductions in the spread of HIV/AIDS would lead to a healthy and more productive society.
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Uleanya, Chinaza. "Learning challenges among undergraduate rural university students in South Africa and Nigeria." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1719.
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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor Of Education in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies at the University Of Zululand, 2018Learning challenges seem to persist in different ways in rural based universities. These challenges have led to increase in drop-out rates, as well as several menaces in the society. Hence, this study explored the learning challenges among undergraduate students in two selected rural universities in South Africa and Nigeria. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in this study. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used respectively for data collection. Systematic sampling technique was used to select the student respondents, while purposive sampling was used to select the academic staff respondents for the study. The questionnaires were administered to student participants, while lecturers were interviewed. Data for the quantitative study were analysed using descriptive statistics and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (Version 24) while the qualitative data were collected analysed thematically. The study revealed that undergraduates in the two selected rural universities experience common learning challenges which include: cognitive learning challenge, poor academic foundation, academic malpractice amongst academic staff and students, as well as lecturer-students‟ relationship. These are caused by lack of facilities, students‟ family socio-economic background, amongst others. The study therefore recommends that the necessary facilities and structures needed to facilitate teaching and learning practices should be provided. More lecturers should be recruited. Cordial student-lecturer relationships should be encouraged and promoted. In addition, policies that will ensure safety on campus, adoption and use of the most suitable language of instruction among st others should be established. The study suggests the need for addition of quality to university in developing learning in South African and Nigerian universities.
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Izugbara, Chibuogwu. "Livelihoods and associational life among rural older Igbo persons in southeastern Nigeria." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65562.
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Indigenous community associations make a significant social and economic contribution to development in Nigeria. They are structures and units of organisation in a community that encompass the norms, values, and beliefs that guide social interaction. This study explored rural older people’s membership and participation in indigenous community associations in relation to their social and economic well being in a context of inadequate social protection for the elderly, rapid changes in the customary household arrangements, and wide economic hardship in Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: (i) describe the types and roles of indigenous associations in Nigeria (ii) discuss the profiles and membership patterns of older members of indigenous community associations (iii) explore the experiences of older people’s membership in indigenous community associations and (iv) determine the theoretical and policy implications of the key findings. To achieve these objectives, a qualitative research method was used. The data was generated through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with two purposively selected rural communities in two Southeastern Nigerian States. The sample comprised 60 respondents of equal sexes aged 65 years and above, who were not receiving state pensions. Social capital framework provided the theoretical and analytical framework for the study. This framework is based on the idea that social networks can influence the productivity of individuals and groups in much the same way that physical capital and human capital can increase individual and collective productivity. The findings of the study suggest that rural older people are proactively managing their social- and economic lives through their membership of indigenous community associations, in the absence of comprehensive social protection for the elderly and the increasing waning of intergenerational care and reciprocity for the elderly in Nigeria. Social engagement, companionship, and mutual support in indigenous community-association participation help older people to deal with the transitions and losses common to growing old. The findings of the study also suggest that accessibility and the efficacy of social capital is possibly determined by several factors in the social structure such as power relations, social position, access and capacity to utilise resources, as well as the broader economic and socio-political context. The study finds that although indigenous community associations serve as a safety net in providing social and economic support to older people, they are also societal mirrors that reflect people’s needs and circumstances. The study concludes with the following policy recommendations: The state and local government should strengthen indigenous community associations. A key recommendation for strengthening indigenous institutions is capacity strengthening, through grants and capacity-training programmes At a time when the discourse on active ageing is gaining momentum and neo-liberal discourses in health policy are shifting the responsibility to consumer and citizen, indigenous community associations may have a significant role to play in fostering positive ageing, and deserve greater government support.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Sociology
PhD
Unrestricted
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Peter, Wuraola. "Financial Barriers and Response Strategies to Support Women Entrepreneurs in Rural Nigeria." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42689.
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Women entrepreneurs play increasingly important roles in job creation and sustainable economic growth in developing economies, including sub-Saharan Africa. While Nigeria has made progress in closing gender gaps in women’s employment rights, financial inclusion and access to resources remain challenges for many women who seek to start and grow businesses. Barriers to venture creation are particularly problematic for women entrepreneurs living in rural Nigeria. Yet, few studies have examined women entrepreneurs’ access to capital in the context of rural Nigeria, including the perceived value of informal lenders and government support programs. This thesis informs the literature by reporting on women entrepreneurs who own and operate retail micro-enterprises in rural, South-West Nigeria, specifically Atakunmosa West, Osun State. The study findings demonstrate the value and limitations of informal lenders, such as Ajo and Esusu, in bridging institutional voids in banking practices and technology-enabled money services. Drawing on the social feminist and resource-based theory, the study advances a conceptual model of the gendered context of financial inclusion and considers the implications for research and policy.
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Hyuwa, B. A. "The impact of rural-urban migration : A case study in Kaduna State, Nigeria." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372208.
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Akabogu, Kennedy Chinwuba. "Rural financial markets in Anambra State, Nigeria, with special reference to five local government areas." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252710.
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Akinsanmi, Adeola. "Gender relations and food security of rural families in Imo State, South East Nigeria." Weikersheim Margraf, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2674444&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Onafowokan, Oluyombo. "The role of cooperative societies in rural finance : evidence from Ogun State, Nigeria." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/7990.
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The study assess the roles played by cooperative societies’ savings and loans services on members’ economic condition, standard of living and in meeting participants financial needs in rural locations where there is no bank nor other formal financial providers. Using a combination of interview, focus group discussion and questionnaire techniques, the study covers the activities of cooperative societies located in rural communities and villages outside the state capital and local government headquarters where there is no electricity, water and tarred road in Ogun State, Nigeria. From its findings, this study identified and discussed potential areas for the improvement of cooperative societies that could be of benefit to rural finance providers and the cooperative members. The study is the first empirical investigation in Nigeria that focuses on the relevance of cooperative societies on members’ standard of living in rural communities and villages. The study shed light on how rural communities function – how their relationships develop, how individual esteem is increased, how interdependence grows, how hierarchies are maintained – and how this is facilitated in part by the loan-making of members promoted cooperatives. It has also provided more evidence on the importance of land ownership, and how this is enhanced when rural communities have access to cheap and affordable loans. It has also provided insights into the development of rural businesses, how complex they are, and how they require more input than the financing received through cooperative loans. The study breaks new ground in informal cooperative functioning, community development and rural finance research by providing a distinction between standard of living and quality of life variables in measuring the economic condition of rural dwellers, and the production of circle of social capital theory that the role of cooperatives to the members involve financial capital, physical capital and social capital which are interrelated. This helps to appropriately identify the roles of cooperative societies in rural finance to increase in household income, ownership of household assets and acquisition of enterprise assets. However, participation in the cooperative does not lead to enterprise profitability, while rural financial needs are more accessible from cooperatives than other sources.
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Abubakar, Shehu Yabo. "Investigation of factors affecting rural road maintenance : the case of Sokoto State, Nigeria." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11704.
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The study relates to road management in Nigeria, on one (land locked) state out of the 36 that comprise the country. The state (Sokoto) has a population of over four million people, and the acute shortage of road connections to the majority of its rural inhabitants necessitated the research. The practice of road management in Sokoto is broadly representative of other Nigerian States. Sokoto like all the northern states, is distant from the coast, and its main asset is an abundant supply of cheap labour. Roads provide the principal mode of access, and are a key factor to trade, industry and social development. An intensive literature review was carried out to determine the existing state of knowledge on the problems encountered by practitioners in the field. The review (desk study) occupied the first stage of the research. It rapidly became clear that the topic is seriously under-researched, both internationally and specifically in the study area. The review has also drawn upon a variety of published and unpublished sources, drawing upon the limited amount of quantified and rigorous data that is available, but also assessing the more substantial quantity of partially quantified or impressionistic information to be found in project reports and case studies. For research to be successful, observable indicators must be found for at least some of the abstract concepts used in the theory. In this regard, six months field work (data collection) was carried out in Nigeria as the study's second stage. This translates the research hypothesis into an operational hypothesis. The third stage of the research covers the analysis and validation of data. This includes an interpretation, which serves as a bridge between the theoretical and practical data. The thesis describes how the empirical data has been used in analysis, to spell out parameters that affect rural road management in Nigeria as in many Sub-Saharan Africa. The research revealed the inappropriate use of technology to be the major factor hindering performance. The study suggests some workable operating methods as possible alternatives that can simplify the difficulties of road maintenance under different operating conditions.
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Molokwu, Biola. "Determinants of birthweights and causes of childhood deaths in rural South West Nigeria." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321686.
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Onwe, Christian Akaraka. "Modelling and assessment of renewable energy systems for remote rural areas in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2017. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ad464fe8-7241-4dfa-8ff5-e04099711ac3.
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Energy production over the years has depended largely on carbon-dense fossil fuels, and these reserves are depleting. Carbon per se is associated with pollution and one of the consequences of over-dependence on this for energy is the observed environmental imbalance causing climate change. There are opportunities to address this situation through widespread adoption of renewable energy (RE), which is a largely environmentally benign means of energy production. Though it has its limitations, RE systems are developing rapidly to tackle these energy and environment issues head-on. RE systems, especially those involving solar and wind energy, depend strongly on weather conditions, and as such they can produce highly variable power outputs. However, due to the limitations, it is crucial that at early RE design stages, that a proper prior study is done to estimate the energy characteristics of the system for the selected location. To do this, it is possible to utilise a computer model and or data monitoring processes. In this research, two RE monitoring and data collection processes have been carried out. From the monitored data, the dynamic system performance characteristics were analysed. A software tool (SOHYSIMO) that can be utilised to simulate, size and estimate the energy performances of a solar-hydrogen system was developed, and this integrated a new approach for calculating the operating and maintenance costs of the system over the lifetime of the project. During abundance solar resource, overproduction usually occurs and the excess energy can be utilised to produce hydrogen as an energy storage medium, which can subsequently produce electricity through a fuel cell or H2 Genset. Alternatively (or additionally) this hydrogen can be efficiently used to meet a cooking demand. For this reason, and unlike other models, the developed software tool integrates a novel loading which goes beyond the realm of electrical load and includes a hydrogen cooking load facility, as an efficient means of utilising the hydrogen produced, and as a means for displacing current unsustainable fuels such as firewood and kerosene. SOHYSIMO has been validated using two relevant and widely used tools, HOMER and iHOGA. A typical village in Nigeria was selected as case study to evaluate the solarhydrogen cooking. The idea of utilising a DC micro-grid system instead of the prevalent AC type was also investigated, and the technical challenges inherent in AC grids in an existing RE system with an AC micro-grid network was assessed, and DC micro-grids appear to present a significant opportunity for efficient future renewable power system integration.
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Oreyomi, Olabosipo O. "Barriers to Utilization of Malaria Preventive Measures in Rural Nigeria Among Pregnant Women." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6468.
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Malaria is a mosquito transmitted tropical disease that accounts for more cases and deaths in Nigeria than in any other country worldwide. Globally malaria accounts for 300,000 deaths among young children and pregnant women annually. The promotion of the use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) to reduce pregnant women's contact with mosquitoes has been the focus of malaria prevention efforts in Nigeria. However, the use of ITNs during pregnancy has been inexplicably low in Nigeria. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted to examine barriers to the utilization of ITNs among pregnant women in rural Nigeria. The social ecological model was utilized to analyze secondary data from a 2015 survey conducted in Nigeria in which 4,834 pregnant women between 15 to 49 years of age participated. The relationship between the use of ITNs and the knowledge of ITNs, traditional medicine, education, and family income was examined using multiple logistic regression modeling. Results showed that there was a significant relationship between the knowledge of ITN (p = 0.000), family income (p = 0.000), education of pregnant women (p = 0.000) and the use of ITN among pregnant women in rural Nigeria. However, there was no relationship between the use of traditional medicine (p = >0.5), and the use of ITN, perhaps because most of the women surveyed did not respond to the question about use of traditional medicine. Results of the study have important implications for positive social changes among pregnant women in Nigeria. These findings will inform strategies to increase the uptake of ITNs during pregnancy in Nigeria, improving birth outcomes, increasing maternal and child survival, and decreasing the economic burden due to malaria morbidity and mortality in rural Nigeria.
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Oparaki, Uzoma Francis. "Decentralisation and rural development in Nigeria : the case of the Directorate of Food, Roads and Rural Infrastructures (DFRRI) 1986-1992." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339829.
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Agbomeji, Ayinda Mojeed Oladele. "An investigation into factors that shape secondary school female retention in two rural public schools, Alimosho Region, Lagos State, Nigeria." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004331.
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Challenges of access to education in the developing world and elsewhere appear to be widespread. Many declarations and conventions have been developed to assist countries to respond to the issue. While challenges of access are universal, Africa in general and sub-Saharan Africa in particular are presented with additional concerns about gender equality and gender parity. While learner numbers seem to be on the decline globally, dropout amongst girls is disproportionately greater than amongst boys. Even though school retention presents a challenge at all levels of the schooling system, it is more acute for girls at the secondary school level. This study was conducted to examine and understand factors that shape retention of secondary school female learners in two rural public schools in Alimosho Region of Lagos State, Nigeria. The study design was qualitative and interpretive in nature. Data collection strategies included administered questionnaires in two schools, focus group discussion with twenty female learners in two schools, case studies, individual interviews with four participants from two schools, and observation in English and Biology classes where the two teachers from the two schools participated in the interviews. Ethical clearance from Alimosho Educational Region office and the two schools was obtained before undertaking the study. Participants’ school principals also signed written consent forms before interviews. The female learners were briefed about the study interview activities and advised that their participation was voluntary and that they were free to withdraw at any point. This study drew on Sen’s (1989, 2000) capabilities theory to understand the phenomenon beyond dominant discourses on education that view education as a basic human right or that focus on economic and development gains. The key finding of this study is that in-school and out- of- school factors interact in complex ways to support female learner retention. Key among these are value placed on education by female learners and significant others, particularly parents; family support; and individual aspirations. Extra-curricular participation, government policy, role models, and peer support were also found to be important factors that mediate progression and retention.
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Nzute, Anastesia. "Utilisation of insecticide treated nets among women in rural Nigeria : themes, stories, and performance." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/620391.
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Background: The effect of Malaria attack on maternal and child health in Nigeria is high compared with other countries in sub Saharan Africa. This problem has been a persistent issue in Nigeria and many researchers have tried to proffer solutions. Insecticide treated nets (ITN) have been identified as providing approximately 80% protection against malaria attack. However, all the measures put in place to control malaria failed to meet up with the set target of the Roll Back Malaria Initiative, which aimed at reducing malaria deaths in Nigeria by half by 2010 in line with the Millennium Development Goals (Anyaehie et al., 2009). As part of the global initiative to reduce malaria deaths before 2015 (Amoran, Senbanjo and Asagwara, 2011) the Nigerian government introduced intervention programmes to protect pregnant women, and children under-five years of age (Anyaehie et al., 2011). However, although there has been considerable and effective intervention in controlling this preventable disease in the African continent, marked inconsistency in the distribution of the ITN, scarcity and low usage in Nigeria (Amoran, Senbanjo and Asagwara, 2011) are apparent, despite emphasis on community-based strategies for malaria control (Obinna, 2011). For midwives in rural Nigeria the disproportionate vulnerability of pregnant women and young children is of great concern. This particular issue is the focus of a hermeneutic phenomenological inquiry into the experiences of pregnant women and mothers in their efforts to protect their families and themselves from malaria attack. The study contends that the ‘big (pan-African/national) story’ of malaria has found many voices, speaking from a predominantly positivist perspective. While some more interpretivist approaches to exploring experience have been employed elsewhere in Sub-Saharan Africa (Rachel and Frank 2005), there remains a need for more participatory research related to health care issues in Nigeria (Abdullahi et al 2013). Women and children make up the majority of the Nigeria population of over 160 million. An attack of malaria on them affects entire households and the economy of the nation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to give voice to the ‘small (household) stories’ of Nigerian women (mothers and health workers), living and working in impoverished rural communities, and consider how their viewpoints, perspectives and imaginings might contribute to the fight for a malaria-free Nigeria. Methodological approach: The research draws on the philosophy of Martin Heidegger, Hans-Georg Gadamer, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. The participants’ accounts are interpreted in terms of Africana ‘Womanism’ as defined by Hudson-Weems (1993), the socio-narratology approach elaborated by Frank (2010), and Igbo world-view. Research procedure: Individual semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with Igbo women in three rural communities in Enugu State in eastern Nigeria (Nsukka, Ngwo, and Amechi). This was a three-phase process involving an initial orientation visit to engage with local gatekeepers and community health workers. A first round of interviews and discussion took place in three communities in 2014, followed by the first phase of interpretation. A second field trip took place in 2015, during which participants discussed the ongoing interpretation and elaborated further on some of the issues raised. Interpretive phases 2 and 3 followed this visit. Interpretive process: Interpretive shifts in understanding were accomplished in three ways: 1. Seeking thematic connections between participants’ accounts of living with the threat of malaria. 2. Engaging in dialogical narrative analysis to explore the work done by the stories embedded in individual accounts of living under the threat of malaria. 3. Crafting found poetry from within the collective accounts to produce an evocative text that could mediate an emotional response and understanding of the malaria experience. Key outcomes: The research was a response to calls for more participatory research into the detailed experiences of people in Africa facing up to the threat of malaria. It has provided a vehicle for the voices of a group of Nigerian women and health workers to bring attention to the continuing plight of pregnant women and their families with limited access to insecticide-treated bed nets in poor living conditions. They have told how they seek to empower themselves in their own small and particular ways. It has provided insights into their worldview(s) and what others might see from where they stand. As such it has added to their own call expressed during the research to “Keep malaria on the agenda.” The research has used the women’s own testimony to create an oral resource designed https://youtu.be/XelMXLUzTV0 to facilitate education and action among small local groups of women and their families, and for health workers in local rural communities.
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Ewa, Moses. "A study of the inclusion of primary school children in a rural district in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-study-of-the-inclusion-of-primary-school-children-in-a-rural-district-in-nigeria(a8ba8cdd-6521-4d73-9ca4-c0e1f2f0df3f).html.
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This thesis presents the findings of a multi-site case study, which explored the inclusion of primary school children in rural Cross River State, Nigeria. The research engaged specifically with the experiences of thirty 11-16-year-olds from diverse identities, drawn from primary 5 classrooms in three public primary schools sited in different rural locations within the state. In so doing, it adopted pupil presence, participation and achievement (PPA) as a conceptual framework of inclusion to examine whether education is genuinely for all primary age children within the research sites. The study was set within the context of the outcome of the 1990 Education for All (EFA) conference, which promoted universal access to education for all primary age children worldwide. As such, the investigation considered how far the selected primary schools were able to guarantee equal access, participation and achievement of all pupils under Nigeria's national education policy. It used the PPA framework to identify the drawbacks to pupil inclusion at school and to recommend measures for addressing the obstacles experienced by some learners. Qualitative data were generated via documentary analysis, observations and interviews in schools directly featuring children. Relevant data pooled from the three sources were organised and analysed thematically based upon an interpretivist perspective. Thus, analysis of data was informed by the social constructivist theory. Data analysis indicates that current provision enables schools to allow access for nearly all children. However, despite the good intentions of national policy, girls, children from minority tribes, Muslims of Hausa/Fulani origin, and children with learning difficulties and those with impairments were vulnerable to marginalisation and exclusion within the contexts of their schools. Looking through the lens of social constructivism, the thesis strongly links the disadvantages confronting the children to limited pupil voice. The situation limited the opportunity for pupils to share their perspectives about the ways such issues as gaps in national education policy and in-school factors, including classroom practices, religious attitudes, grade repetition and social interactions were affecting their inclusion in the context. Out-of-school factors were also found to have an influence, although the study did not investigate these directly. The thesis concludes by drawing out the implications and making recommendations for reforms in policy, practice and research in favour of pupil voice within Nigeria, to promote inclusion in schools. Consideration is also given to possible implications for other developing countries.
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Akaakar, Alexandra A. "OIL DEPENDENCY AND NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY: A CASE FOR NIGERIA." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2482.
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Food insecurity is a condition of insufficient access to quality nutritious food; it is often rooted in shocks that interrupt the food production/distribution system in an area. Amidst the capabilities of Nigeria's agricultural system, the number of households across Nigeria experiencing food shortages has increased rapidly. The main reason for this increase were price shocks. This incident highlighted a huge vulnerability in Nigeria's food system, the vulnerability to price shocks. Incidences such as poverty and conflicts magnify the frequency of food insecurity. The ability to reduce vulnerabilities while addressing existing issues in food production and supply depends on a stable economy and innovative policy. As a major oil exporter, Nigeria's economy is affected by oil price fluctuations. This paper analyses the extent of the effect and how such volatility could increase vulnerability in the food system. The analysis in this treatise examines economic and agricultural factors to identify trends that negatively affect Nigeria's current food system.. Oil prices were significant in explaining variation in food price shocks and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Food price shocks are one of the symptoms of economic downturns. Agricultural innovation, and economic policies need to be formulated to prevent such shocks in the future. Given the dependency of economic performance on oil prices, a major move would be to diversify the Nigerian economy; with adequate attention being paid to agriculture.
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Shettima, Kole Ahmed. "Participation, gender and politics in institutions of rural reform, a comparative study in northern Nigeria." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ41577.pdf.
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Iyoha, Friday Ebose. "Local government and rural development in Bendel State Nigeria : constraints on local involvement and effectiveness." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334434.
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Baba, Saadatu Umaru. "Mediated by men : environmental change, land resources management & gender in rural Kano, Northern Nigeria." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5964/.
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The research examines the way gender relations affect land management and the perception and experience of degradation in two communities in rural Kano, northern Nigeria. Gender plays a central role in the organisation of northern Nigerian society, not least because of the prevalence of wife seclusion and the strict separation of male and female space. The Nigerian government considers desertification and land degradation to be the main environmental issue affecting northern Nigerian communities and links it to poverty and food insecurity, and considerable sums are targeted towards it. Agriculture is the mainstay of rural economies in the region, but women farmers are a minority of the public workforce in agricultural production and the extent of their involvement decreases with increasing seclusion. The study focuses on this minority and examines the interaction of 2 groups of women with natural resources, one secluded and the other non-secluded, their perception of and response to land degradation and their land management practices. The study finds that though gender is an important differentiation, both men’s and women’s views are influenced by their socio-economic positions. The study finds that the women’s land management practices are mediated by their relationships with men and with other women. Men act as a cushion to certain aspects of land degradation such as food insecurity, but other important aspects of women’s lives such as their social net-works and their economic independence are vulnerable. The study also uncovers the centrality of faith in people’s experience of and response to environmental change.
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Akintan, Oluwakemi Bolanle. "Socio-cultural perceptions of indoor air pollution among rural migrant households in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27599/.
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Many households in developing countries rely on biomass (wood, charcoal, agricultural wastes, sawdust, and animal dung) and coal to meet their energy needs. The burning of these fuels in open fires creates environmental problems one of which is indoor air pollution (IAP). For effective reduction of indoor air pollution in sub-Saharan Africa, it is therefore, important to understand factors that determine the choice and uptake of cleaner fuels for household energy use. This research investigates the salient factors influencing households in developing countries in choosing fuel types, using the households in peri-urban areas of Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria as a case study. This research used holistic approaches to understand energy issues in the study area and used methods such as questionnaires, interviews, and field observation during data collection. Key findings suggest that underlying socio-cultural contexts of households’ ethnic groups guided wood-fuel harvesting in the peri-urban areas of Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Wood fuel continues to be households’ main domestic energy source irrespective of their socio-economic status. The open burning of wood fuel causes indoor air pollution as the recorded 24-hour particulate matter levels was between 42µg/m3 – 275µg/m3 for indoor kitchens and 48µg/m3 – 648µg/m3 for outdoor kitchens. The cultural perception of the households that natural aeration blows particulates into buildings hinders them from believing that the open of burning of biomass fuels for domestic activities is the cause of indoor air pollution. Based on the findings of this study, it is argued that the traditional norms and values of the householders, being embedded in their socio-cultural contexts, are vital for understanding energy issues in the global South.
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Babatunde, Solomon. "Developing public private partnership strategy for infrastructure delivery in Nigeria." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2015. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/27295/.
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The success of any public-private partnership (PPP) project in a country is largely dependent on the country’s maturity on critical success factors (CSFs) that made PPP projects successful. Thus, identification of metrics and standards for measuring the maturity of stakeholder organisations on CSFs for PPP projects implementation remains a challenge. Though studies on CSFs for PPP projects abound, approaches of using CSFs to develop PPP process maturity received scarce attention. Against this backdrop, this research becomes imperative to create efficient and transparent operational strategies with a view to using CSFs to develop process maturity for stakeholder organisations in PPP projects in Nigeria. Data for the research were obtained through mixed methods approach namely: quantitative and qualitative approaches. Questionnaires were administered on five different stakeholder organisations comprised public sector authorities (i.e. ministries, department, and agencies), concessionaires, local lenders/banks, consultants, and contractors involved in different PPP projects implementation in Nigeria. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Also, the qualitative approach was conducted through an expert forum and six PPP infrastructure project case studies in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria. The expert forum was constituted to refine and verify the conceptual framework developed. Also, structured interviews were conducted with primary stakeholders in the six PPP infrastructure project case studies in the study area. The research identified fourteen CSFs that made PPP infrastructure projects successful in Nigeria. These CSFs were employed for capability maturity levels definition ranging from level 1(Ad hoc) to level 5(Optimising) in accordance to Capability Maturity Model (CMM) concept. This led to the development of stakeholder organisations capability enhancement framework (SOCEF) in PPP infrastructure projects in Nigeria. The framework was validated by PPP experts to ensure it is comprehensive, objective, practical, replicable, reliable, and suitable for use in Nigeria. Thus, a quantitative assessment tool was developed with the framework in assessing the current capability maturity levels of stakeholder organisations involved in PPP infrastructure projects on fourteen CSFs identified in this research. The findings revealed that public sector organisations were between maturity level 1 and maturity level 2 (out of 5 maturity levels) on CSFs applicable to them. The majority of the private sector organisations were in maturity level 2 on CSFs associated with them. It is established in this research that Nigeria’s maturity is between maturity level 1 and maturity level 2 (out of 5 maturity levels) on CSFs that made PPP infrastructure projects successful. The findings emanated from this research provided both the theoretical and practical contributions to knowledge. The theoretical contributions include the methodology for developing capability maturity levels in PPPs, new insights into the usefulness of CSFs in PPP projects, and contributed to the wider body of knowledge of process improvement in the construction industry at large. The practical contributions are the capability level definitions and enhancement framework for PPP practice, and the specific CSFs for PPP infrastructure projects in Nigeria. The framework developed in this research had provided the benchmark for the identification of methodical approach and standard to process improvement in PPP infrastructure projects in Nigeria. It is believed that the framework would provide a useful guide and roadmaps for improvement by indicating ‘what’ needs to be done by stakeholder organisations involved in PPP projects in achieving higher capability maturity levels on identified CSFs for PPP projects in Nigeria and developing countries at large. Thus, the framework could be used to benchmark future studies.
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Kaltho, James Bako. "Input supply and agricultural extension : an evaluation of the Bauchi State Integrated Rural Development Programme, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.256696.
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Itodo, Anthony Onoja. "An assessment of the effect of participation on sustainable development in a rural electrification project : a case study of the Ipari-Efugo project." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20444.
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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Due to inadequate financial resources and lack of managerial skills, in this case study the local level of governance does not have appropriate mechanisms to manage their resources adequately. It is observed that the Nigerian government cannot provide all basic amenities for the people at the grass-root level of development. Following the above scenario, rural communities do not have access to basic amenities such as electricity and pipe borne water. In Nigeria, little research has been done with regard to sustainable development in rural electrification. This study is based on the impact of community and individual participation in a rural electrification project, and shows how sustainable development plays a leading role. The study is based on a rural electrification project initiated and facilitated in 1996, and was completed in 2000 by the Ipari-Efugo Otukpa community members in Benue State in the North Central part of Nigeria. In spite of prevailing poverty in rural areas, Ipari-Efugo community members were able to be responsible for their own development without government intervention. The research includes literature studies of rural electrification projects and demonstrates how participation and sustainable development can lead to a successful community project. Irrespective of obstacles such as poverty and lack of economic empowerment, Ipari- Efugo community members are resilient and were able to provide electricity. Access to electricity can serve as a prerequisite for economic development and growth. The benefits accruable from the use of electricity outweigh the costs of providing the amenity to the community. Participation through sustainable development remains the core instrument responsible for the completion of the electricity project in Ipari-Efugo. This study encourages rural communities to take responsibility for their own development.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As gevolg van onvoldoende finansiële middele en 'n gebrek aan bestuursvaardighede, in die gevallestudie beskik die plaaslike regering nie oor die toepaslike meganismes om hulle hulpbronne na behore te bestuur nie. Boonop blyk dit dat nasionale regerings nie alle basiese geriewe aan diegene op voetsoolvlak kan voorsien nie. Die genoemde scenario impliseer dus dat landelike gemeenskappe nie toegang het tot basiese geriewe soos elektrisiteit en kraanwater nie. In Nigerië word weinig navorsing gedoen op die gebied van volhoubare ontwikkeling in landelike elektrisiteitsvoorsiening. Hierdie studie is gebaseer op die impak van gemeenskaps- en individuele deelname aan 'n landelike elektrisiteitsvoorsieningsprojek, en toon hoe volhoubare ontwikkeling 'n toonaangewende rol hierin speel. Die studie spruit uit 'n landelike elektrifiseringsprojek wat in 2000 deur die gemeenskap van Ipari-Efugo Otukpa in die staat Benue in die noordelik-sentrale deel van Nigerië aangevoer en gefasiliteer is. Ondanks die heersende armoede in landelike gebiede, het lede van die Ipari-Efugo gemeenskap sonder die tussenkoms van die regering verantwoordelikheid vir hulle eie ontwikkeling aanvaar. Die navorsing sluit literatuurstudies van landelike elektrisiteitsvoorsieningsprojekte in, en demonstreer hoe deelname en volhoubare ontwikkeling tot 'n suksesvolle gemeenskapsprojek kan aanleiding gee. Ongeag struikelblokke soos armoede en 'n gebrek aan ekonomiese bemagtiging, was die lede van die Ipari-Efugo gemeenskap vasberade en kon hulle uiteindelik elektrisiteit aan die gemeenskap verskaf. Toegang tot elektrisiteit kan as 'n voorvereiste vir ekonomiese ontwikkeling en groei dien. Die voordele verbonde aan elektrisiteitsverbruik oortref uiteindelik by verre die koste verbonde aan die voorsiening van hierdie gerief aan die gemeenskap. Deelname by wyse van volhoubare ontwikkeling bly die sleutelinstrument vir die voltooiing van die elektrisiteitsprojek in Ipari-Efugo. Hierdie studie moedig landelike gemeenskappe aan om verantwoordelikheid vir hulle eie ontwikkeling te aanvaar.
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Nwanesi, Peter Karubi. "Development, Micro-credit and Women's Empowerment: A Case Study of Market and Rural Women in Southern Nigeria." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology and Anthropology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/958.
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This study investigates women's economic empowerment in relation to micro'credit schemes in southern Nigeria. The study also evaluates the benefits and limitations of micro'credit as a resourceful means of enhancing women's economic activities in the labour market and eliminating poverty among market and rural women. Micro'credit schemes and institutions which provide soft loans to women have become a critical tool in development programmes aiming to empower them. The Nigerian government (both at Federal and State levels) has pursued this development trend since 1985 and today, it is estimated that an increasing number of Nigerian women participate in these schemes. Besides, it is widely accepted among development practitioners that micro'credit schemes not only contribute to poverty reduction but also empower the have'nots. My research design has drawn on gender analytical frameworks such as the 1980 Harvard Analytical Framework, Kabeer's 1998 Women's Empowerment Assessment, and Mayoux' 2001 micro'credit empowerment paradigm. This study employed as its methodology, ethnographic field research. This includes semi'structured interviews and participant observation. In addition, data was obtained from state databases, archives and development websites. Throughout, both qualitative and quantitative methods and analysis were used. This study found that women in southern Nigeria are extensively engaged in economic activities. It also established that micro'credit provides finance to enhance market and rural women's participation in production and trade. The study further ascertains that women have some control over their loans. However, increased economic activities may have also increased participants' financial responsibilities and household decision'making is still a prerogative of male head of the family. In addition, this study found that older married women in this region enjoy a comparatively high degree of personal mobility, but restrictions on travel in terms of distance and time are very common for younger married women. These restrictions are sanctioned by customs, household obligations, and social infrastructures. While problems with the transportation network have enhanced the middlemen's domination of economic activities in this region they increased women's dependence on their services. All this renders empowerment for women more difficult to achieve although it makes a practical contribution to their everyday lives.
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Ada, Ogbudu Gabriel. "Cultural and Environmental Determinants of Dental Discoloration Among School-Aged Children in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4770.
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Dental discoloration from fluorosis is a global public health problem. In Nigeria, 11.4% of the population is impacted by this disorder. Dental discoloration is caused by successive exposures to high fluoride concentrations during tooth development in utero and it is linked to the development of a variety of psychological and physiological problems, from dental aesthetics to a reduction in intelligence and skeletal changes. The purpose of this quantitative, cross-sectional study was to examine the cultural and environmental determinants of dental fluorosis in children in a rural community in Nigeria. A multilevel theoretical model was used to develop possible fluoride exposure pathways, such as good social services and dental care, as well as factors in the environment. The study was guided by 2 main research questions: What is the prevalence of fluorosis among Nigerian school-aged children? What is the severity of this fluorosis, and is it associated with the fluoride content of the soil, the water or the food? Data was collected by administering three surveys, on children aged 5 to15 years, their parent/guardian, and on community leaders. Chi-square and regression analysis tests were used to test for possible associations. The study findings showed a fluorosis prevalence rate of 86.6% in the 269 school children surveyed, with majority of these children between the ages of 8 to 13 years. The severity of children fluorosis was associated with the length of stay in the study area and the fluoride content in water, soil, and food. This study's possible impact on social change include raising awareness to the problem and the possible ways to resolve it, such as through, improved dental care services and a supportive social environment like flocculation of community water sources.
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Dabi, Daniel Davou. "Water use in the rural economy of a semi-arid environment, a northern Nigeria case study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0026/NQ51171.pdf.
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Ogunlade, Abimbola Adegoke. "Comparative cost-benefit analysis of renewable energy resources for rural community development in Nigeria / A.A. Ogunlade." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2646.
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Rural development by means of providing uninterruptible power supply has become a priority among developing countries. Nigeria especially has on its top agenda the mandate to provide clean and cost-effective means of energy to the rural communities, hardest hit by wave of incessant outages of electricity supply. Renewable Energy (RE), a clean form of energy that can be derived from natural sources is widely available throughout Nigeria but is not harnessed.
In this dissertation a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) framework is proposed for renewable energy towards rural community development in Nigeria as indicated in the 18-point recommendations of Energy Commission of Nigeria (ECN). Moreover, a cost-benefit analysis tool is formulated and developed from the CBA framework in order to analyze comparatively the costs and intangible benefits of renewable energy projects for rural application. A case study demonstrating the working methodology of the proposed framework is presented in order to establish the cost-benefit components by assessing the comparative cost-benefit analysis of RE at a rural site of Nigeria.
Erinjiyan Ekiti rural area is located for CBA assessment with three RE resources (solar, wind and small hydro) selected for consideration. Through the application of Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), the respondents' willingness to pay for RE supply is obtained and RE benefits in monetary terms computed. Using three economic decision criteria namely: Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR); the three RE resources are ranked according to their economic viability.
The result of the analysis provides useful insight to investors and decision makers into how RE projects in rural community should be conducted. Foremost, it is revealed that all three RE options will be economically viable if implemented, though adequate caution must be taken when making a decision. Based on the CBA assessment, the Small-Hydro Power (SHP) option is ranked as the most viable option. However, this is swiftly negated if RE social impact, such as the spiritual belief of the rural dwellers, who rely on the only potential river as a medium of communication with their ancestors, are taken into consideration. Furthermore, a sensitivity assessment of the three RE options revealed that only solar photovoltaic (PV) option is marginally viable, thus turns negative upon an assumed increase in discount rate of only 17%.
Herein, the proposed CBA framework provides a useful insight into an efficient method of appraising RE projects in rural communities. A CBA simulation tool is formulated and adapted from the CBA framework to enable quicker, reliable and automated means of assessing RE projects with a view to making wise investment decision.Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Aluta, E. "Participatory water governance in Nigeria : towards the development of an effective legal framework for rural communities." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2017. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/28785/.
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Nigeria’s legal framework for supporting the supply of potable water has not proven to be effective. This is primarily due to the non-participation of a broad spectrum of stakeholders, particularly rural community members. A contextualised policy re-orientation through the use of participatory governance may, however, support the development of a more sustainable potable water supply for rural communities. A novel participatory water governance framework, designed to enable effective potable water management for rural communities, has been developed in this study. A conceptual framework drawing on a synthesis of the extant literature provides the basis for a qualitative empirical inquiry. Semi-structured interview with participants who were selected by using a purposive strategy, helped to inform the development of the proposed framework. A key factor of the framework is the establishment of a rural advisory board, which may explore relevant techniques relating to transparency, accountability and participation, customary norms and values, laws, regulations, policies and community task forces. The findings identify that rural community members have capacity to collaborate with state actors and donors in governing their own potable water, enhanced by proximal relationships. This may be inferred from an existing culture of participation in Nigeria, with its own enforcement of customary norms and values through ostracism, enabling compliance and enforcement to governance rules. The findings support a power shift from the centralised government institutional management to a governance of pluralistic process incorporating localised cultural norms. Thus, participatory democratisation may be reasonably institutionalised by using established decision-making processes. These findings have been incorporated into a refined conceptual framework, validated by using the mixed methods approach. The study contributes to knowledge by the theoretical formulation and proposition that participation theory may support the effectiveness of potable water management, while contextualised participatory water governance techniques may be specifically explored to support the legal framework for water supply. The use of socio-legal research methodology provides a further contribution to knowledge, through the exploration of the qualitative approach. The approach provides empirical understanding and interpretation of inquiry, based on several techniques via thematic content analysis. In its conclusion, the study makes recommendations to water resource stakeholders to adopt the practices of decentralization, integration and co-ordinated decision-making in participatory water governance, which may include ostracism for compliance and enforcement of governing rules, under a rural advisory board.