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Lam, Hong-ki Connie. "Transformation of Tai O." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25950058.
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林康祺 and Hong-ki Connie Lam. "Transformation of Tai O." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31985798.
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Fung, Siu-ko, and 馮韶高. "Landscape metamorphosis : rural infrastructure transformation under urbanization in Guangdong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196507.
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Wilks, Mark L. "Postrural ministry leading church transformation in the changing rural environment /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p002-0835.
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Frank, Carol Anne. "The transformation of rural society : the Syrian interior 1830-1930." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303514.
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Promphakping, Buapun. "Rural transformation and gender relations in the Northeast of Thailand." Thesis, University of Bath, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323712.
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Arghiros, Daniel. "Rural transformation and local politics in a central Thai district." Thesis, University of Hull, 1993. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3589.
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This thesis is a study of socio-economic change and local electoral politics in a Central Thai district and is based on ethnographic research carried out between 1989 and 1990. Local electoral politics has received little attention in Thai studies in recent years. This thesis aims to fill this gap with detailed case studies of instances of elections for subdistrict head and provincial councillor positions. The cases reveal the practical and ideological strategies pursued by candidates and the means by which they mobilise the rural electorate and enlist the support of political patrons. The study describes candidates' use of local 'vote brokers', 'vote-buying' and political patronage. The parts played by members of a district-wide manufacturers' association, by national politicians and by religious leaders are also examined. The case studies serve to expose the contradictions between the rhetoric and practice of Thai local-level democracy.The strategies and structures of local politics are set within the context of a rapidly changing rural political economy. Two aspects of this, household economic differentiation and rural industry, are examined in detail. Economic differences between households are extreme and new relations of production are emerging. After surveying economic and social differences between households, the study focuses on a recently established brickmaking industry in 'Banglen' district. The industry is highly differentiated and relations of production are correspondingly complex. It is argued that owners of larger enterprises use patronage in their efforts to solve their problems with labour. The study describes an industry association that larger manufacturers have set up. The association promotes the interests of producers in several ways, not least by supporting members' attempts to win local office.Comparison of politicians' electoral strategies and employers' strategies with regard to labour reveals that there exists between them an underlying similarity. Both politicians and employers attempt to achieve their ends by drawing on the ideology of patronage and obligating the other in the relationship. Both use capital to construct obligations with moral connotations.
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Karlsson, Alexander, and Nellie Marand. "Todo el País, Uruguay in transformation : ICT transforming rural Uruguay." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-56981.
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Purpose: The purpose of our research was to study the role and impact that ‘information and communication technologies’ and the MEC centers might have on the Uruguayan society. We want to examine how MEC and ICT usage could affect daily lives of marginalized people in Uruguay. We want to explore how it might benefit individuals living in small communities by evaluating indicators of positive impact of how ICT usage could strengthen capitals and increase freedom. Furthermore, our aim is to understand how digital literacy and the access to ICT’s can be related to democracy, and try to understand if greater individual empowerment also could enhance democracy. Method: For a period of eight weeks, from March 3rd to 28th of April 2014, we were in Montevideo and vicinity to gather material that we later have analyzed qualitatively. The material is based on observations in the field, interviews with various stakeholders, manuals and national policy documents concerning MEC, as well answers we received from an online survey. Main conclusions:We have found that the MEC centers and ICT, combined with education, could be an important tool to facilitate the inclusion of marginalized groups in the Uruguayan society. Our findings indicate that the MEC centers in Uruguay could contribute to the decentralization of the country and have a positive impact on gender- and generation equality. The result suggests that the centers could have a positive impact on democracy in Uruguay by teaching participants how to use e-governmental services as well as encouraging them to participate in online governmental websites. Furthermore, we found that MEC lets the local communities be in charge of their own development, which indicate that the sustainability of the project is increased as well as the positive development outcome. Through the MEC centers we found that both the freedom and the social capital of the participants were positively affected.
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McEwen, Haley. "Rural transformation? Race and space in Prince Albert, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8954.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-128).This critical ethnographic study is concerned with dynamics of race and space in Prince Albert, a rural South African town. Proceeding in the wake of previous studies which have identified mechanisms of informal segregation in urban, post-apartheid contexts, this study aims to explore the ways in which transformation, as a national imperative to democratize South Africa‘s economic, political, and social landscape, is taking shape in small rural towns. It is found that fifteen years after the end of apartheid, Prince Albert’s coloured and white residents remains spatially segregated. It is argued here that this persistent segregation and inequality has become further entrenched by changes which have occurred upon the arrival of white middle class English speaking South Africans during the past fifteen years. Specifically, in advocating for the protection of Prince Albert’s ‘heritage value’ and concomitant development of the tourism industry, these new residents exert a symbolic control of space which centers their own interests and identities and ultimately re-assigns coloured residents a peripheral, disenfranchised socio-economic status.
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Desai, Amit A. "Witchcraft, religious transformation, and Hindu nationalism in rural central India." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2711/.
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This thesis is an anthropological exploration of the connections between witchcraft, religious transformation, and Hindu nationalism in a village in an Adivasi (or 'tribal') area of eastern Maharashtra, India. It argues that the appeal of Hindu nationalism in India today cannot be understood without reference to processes of religious and social transformation that are also taking place at the local level. The thesis demonstrates how changing village composition in terms of caste, together with an increased State presence and particular view of modernity, have led to difficulties in satisfactorily curing attacks of witchcraft and magic. Consequently, many people in the village and wider area have begun to look for lasting solutions to these problems in new ways. A significant number have joined a Hindu religious sect, the Mahanubhav Panth, seen as particularly efficacious in matters of healing. Membership of this sect however alters the values and practices of adherents which not only causes conflict with non-sect neighbours and kin but also resonates powerfully with the messages promoted by Hindu nationalist agents in the area. The thesis engages key areas of anthropological concern: the relationship between individual action and social structure; kinship and sociality; State activity; and religious conversion.
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Henin, Bernard Henry. "Transformation of Vietnam's upland farming societies under market reform." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0007/NQ40455.pdf.
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Chen, Yubing, and 陈宇冰. "The transformation of rural development pattern and rural planning system in China : a case study of Quanzhou." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/195102.
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At present, China is on a track of fast economic growth and urbanization development, this will definitely shape urban and rural areas at the same time. A new relationship between urban and rural areas is forming. How will urban-rural interaction in China develop in the future? What are the implications for planning legislation? This dissertation gives an overview of rural development and planning in China since 1949 and evaluates the implementation evaluation of planning legislation over the period of last decade. Through the study of planning legislation in China, an urban-rural integrated planning and management system is defined. This system consists of institutional subsystem, legal subsystem, operational subsystem, and technical subsystem. The assessment of this system at different administrative level will provide an idea that how policy and legislation could influence the development in rural areas. In respect, the findings on pilot project studies, questionnaire survey as well as field survey could serve as a feedback to the planning legislation.published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Master
Master of Science in Urban Planning
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Alexeev, Alexandr Ivanovich, Maria Sergeevna Savoskul, Yuriy Alexeevich Simagin, Natalia Vladimirovna Shabalina, Yuriy Vasilevich Porosenkov, Olga Valerievna Didenko, Anatoliy Emanuilovich Krupko, et al. "The socio-economic transformation of rural areas in Russia and Moldava." Universität Potsdam, 2003. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5309/.
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Saldana, Lucia. "Rural labour in neo-liberal Chile : Exploitation, vulnerability and cultural transformation." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511018.
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Hartje, Rebecca [Verfasser]. "Economic transformation of rural livelihoods in South-East Asia / Rebecca Hartje." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1172414580/34.
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Lin, Sheng. "Irregular emigration form Fuzhou changes and transformation in coastal rural Qiaoxiang /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41633970.
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Eastwood, David. "Governing rural England : tradition and transformation in local government 1780-1840 /." Oxford : New York : Clarendon press ; Oxford university press, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb357277516.
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Kothari, Uma. "Women's work and rural transformation in India : a study from Gujarat." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19023.
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This thesis is based on fieldwork carried out in 1986-1988 in Sera, a village in south Gujarat, India. The research considers women's work and focuses on differentiation; that is, which women carry out which tasks. This is a rural area which has recently undergone substantial agricultural change with a shift from cotton to sugar cane production. It is characterised by high in-migration of seasonal labourers and out-migration of women at the time of marriage and of upper caste members migrating abroad. In order to examine women's work and position within this context, a framework has been constructed which distinguishes between forms of work and between women from different socio-economic positions. This theoretical classification, utilised empirically, is based on distinctions between women and between tasks. As far as tasks are concerned, divisions are made between those which are paid and unpaid and those which are agricultural and domestic. In addition, differences are made between women from households of different caste and class position, the organisation and structure of their household and life-cycle changes of individual women. Women from the Patidar landholding caste are seen to face very different experiences from those of the predominantly landless Halpati caste. Beyond the study of these two polarised groups, the thesis further considers class distinctions within each caste in order to understand the rationale behind household strategies in their allocation of labour. Furthermore, the work that women are required to perform and their relationship with other members of their household are also seen as partly determined by the stage in a woman's life-cycle and the composition of her household. When looking at the kinds of work undertaken by different categories of women, a variety of forms of control emerge. Thus, the nature of individual women's involvement in work activities condition and are conditioned by their position within their households and outside the home. The sources of their oppression and the extent to which women have control over their own lives is examined through their work activities. The theoretical framework and empiricial data presented in this thesis are brought together to show how the different conditions of subordination experienced by Patidar and Halpati women are constructed and what implications they have on their present and future position.
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Murphy, Rachel Anne. "Rural-urban migration and return flows : social and economic transformation in rural China in the post-Mao era." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621708.
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Martiniello, Giuliano. "Land and dispossession : the political economy of rural transformation in South Africa." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540771.
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Saladar, Roberto L. "Rural barangay transformation and the adoption of agroforestry innovation in the Philippines." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4609.
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The complexities of human and technical elements involved in rural barangay transformation and the adoption of agroforestry innovations in the Philippines are explored through case studies conducted in Aklan. Seven months' fieldwork was undertaken in 1998 while living in Sibalew, Feliciano and Linayasan, where the Aklan State College of Agriculture (ASCA) introduced demonstration projects. Participatory Rural Appraisal was conducted with locals, staff of ASCA and others to explore social, cultural, political, economic and technical factors, and the changes to rural lifestyles, when demonstration projects were introduced. Qualitative, descriptive analysis compared and contrasted their ideas and opinions. The results are presented in two case studies which identified conditions that hindered the adoption of new technologies.
Concentrated development in one area, over a long period, facilitated diversification of farming methods, created new economic activities, built social networks, established institutional alliances and introduced urban lifestyles. The complexity of life increased. However, changes threatened traditional cultural practices and the natural environment. Gender issues and unequal power relations impeded access to and control of resources. For short-term projects, there is an increased likelihood of major obstacles preventing success. Unique barangay features and a variety of economic conditions affected the full participation of locals. The leadership style of local officials and institutional alliances also determined the results of rural development. This research shows how necessary it is to analyse and understand important cultural values, local politics and traditional practices if development programmes are to achieve their real potential.
The conclusion of the thesis indicated that successful rural development projects depend on complex elements associated with the cultural practices of locals, the leadership of local officials, and alliances between development institutions and linkage agencies combining in a given social and political situation to advance/impede development. The process of development seeks constantly for new approaches that are appropriate to the needs of locals' social, economic and political conditions, and that suit the geographical location. The changing social and natural environments challenge the current state of rural development in the Philippines.
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Peterson, Glen. "The overseas Chinese areas of rural Guangdong and socialist transformation, 1949-1956." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26590.
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This thesis examines the socialist transformation of rural China between 1949-1956 within a particular local context: that of the Overseas Chinease areas of rural Guangdong. It proceeds from a theoretical discussion of the various perspectives and works which have informed western understanding of this period in recent Chinese history, with special emphasis on the need to penetrate beyond China-wide generalizations and cultivate an informed sense of local differentiation. With a view to such, the thesis focusses upon the Overseas Chinese areas of rural Guangdong, which represent at once one of the most significant social realities of South China, as well as one of the Chinese Communist Party's most intractable historical inheritances.
The social and economic legacies of mass emigration are first described, and the reader is then introduced to the Party's emerging contradictory view of the Overseas Chinese after 1949. The heart of the thesis examines the conflict and tensions of promoting socialist transformation in the Overseas Chinese areas coincident with the promulgation, beginning in 1954, of a series of privileges for domestic Overseas Chinese (returned Overseas Chinese and family dependents) aimed at attracting investment and remittances to the PRC.
It is argued that socialist transformation in the Overseas Chinese areas of Guangdong was characterized by a deep-seated ideological uncertainty and confusion surrounding the proper role and status of domestic Overseas Chinese in socialist society. The "united front" aims of domestic Overseas Chinese policy clashed directly with the class-based aims and strategy of socialist transformation, producing not only ideological uncertainties, but considerable
bureaucratic confusion on the ground as well. As a group, it is argued, the domestic Overseas Chinese were particularly poorly equipped and ill-disposed to participate in the newly emerging socialist rural order.Arts, Faculty of
History, Department of
Graduate
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Quinn, Rapin, and rapin quinn@dest gov au. "NGOs, Peasants and the State: Transformation and Intervention in Rural Thailand, 1970-1990." The Australian National University. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, 1997. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060227.084102.
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This study examines people-centred Thai NGOs trying to help peasants empower themselves in order to compete better in conflicts over land, water, forest, and capital, during the 1970s to 1990s. The study investigates how the NGOs contested asymmetric power relations among government officials, private entrepreneurs and ordinary people while helping raise the peoples confidence in their own power to negotiate their demands with other actors.¶
The thesis argues that the NGOs are able to play an interventionist role when a number of key factors coexist. First, the NGOs are able to understand local situations, which contain asymmetric power relations between different actors, in relation to current changes in the wider context of the Thai political economy and seize the time to take action. Secondly, the NGOs are able to articulate a social meaning beyond the dominating rhetoric of the state and the capitalists which encourages the peoples participation in collective activities. Thirdly, while dealing with one problem in social relations and negotiation with local environment, the NGOs are able to recognise new problems as they arise and rapidly identify a new political space for the actors to renegotiate their conflicting interests and demands. Fourthly, the NGOs are able to recreate new meanings, new actors and reform their organisations and networks to deal with new situations. Finally, the NGOs are able to effectively use three pillars of their movement, namely individuals, organisations and networks to deal with everyday politics and collective protest.¶
The case studies in three villages in Northern Thailand reveal that the NGOs were able to play an interventionist role in specific situations through their alternative development strategies somewhat influenced by structural Marxism. The thesis recommends that the NGO interventionist role be continued so as to overcome tensions within the NGO community, for instance, between the NGOs working at the grass-roots level and the NGOs working at regional and national levels (including NGO funding agencies); local everyday conflicts; and the bipolar views of a society among the NGOs expressed in dichotomous thinking between rural and urban, community and state, conflict and order, actor and system.¶
The fragmentation of NGO social and environmental movements showed that there is no single formula or easy solution to the problems. If the NGOs want to continue their interventionist role to help empower ordinary people and help them gain access to productive resources, they must move beyond their bipolar views of a society to discover the middle ground to search for new meanings, new actors, new issues and to create again and again counter-hegemony movements. This could be done by having abstract development theories assessed and enriched by concrete development practices and vice versa. Both theorists and practitioners need to use their own imagination to invent and reinvent what and how best to continue.
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Quinn, Rapin. "NGOs, peasants and the state transformation and intervention in rural Thailand, 1970-1990 /." Canberra : Australian National University, 1997. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20060227.084102/index.html.
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Xiang, Zheng. "The transformation of the 3-tier health network in rural China 1979-1990." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1994. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1669.
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Since 1979, the organisation of Chinese health care has undergone extensive changes as the result of government health reforms. These changes have particularly affected the '3-tier health network' of rural health care organisation. The '3 tier health network' which is a vertically organised linkage of village, township and county health units, has formed the basic health structure for the rural areas since the early 50's. The '3 tier network'(3TN) has been subject to the introduction of a market competitive system which is the economic responsibility system. Township hospitals have been placed under the control of township government, and a decision has been made to introduce a county level hospital of Chinese traditional medicine(CTM) for each county. Changes in the basis of health care financing and the encouragement of private practice have accompanied the decline of the co-operative medical system (CMS), a system of health insurance set up in the 1960's. On the basis of the empirical study described below, this thesis argues that there is an urgent need to evaluate these reforms, and develop policies for China's 800 million rural residents, focussing in particular on the 3TN. In 1989,7 counties, 12 townships and 30 villages were chosen by a structured random sampling technique in Jiangxi Zhejiang and Shandong provinces in East-China. A survey was carried out, covering health organisation, health personnel, the economics of rural health and health services for rural residents in county, township and village. In this survey, a comparison was made of the various types of health system, including those that have come into being since reform policies were instituted. In addition, the survey also considered the general influences of health reforms on the health service for rural residents and the management situation of the 3TN. This study found that in general the health reforms weakened the 3 tier health network in the rural areas. The health status of rural residents has deteriorated due to privatisation of the rural health care market. The main effects observed were the financial crises of township hospitals, high turnover and lack of health personnel in the rural areas, a standstill in preventive health, and the limited utilisation of health services by rural residents, since private health care replaced the CMS. The thesis argues that the main cause of these negative developments is health policies because the process of health policy making is 'top-down' in China, lacks community participation and is affected by political factors. The policies made during health reform actually worsened the already uneven allocation of health resources between urban areas and the rural areas. Urban areas have an inequitably large share and the gap continues to widen. The thesis suggests that Chinese health policy and organisation should put the stress on the rural areas once more, as happened during the 1960's and 70's. The reestablishment of the CMS is a better way to guarantee the health of rural residents and to implement primary health care. This method of health financing could be applied not only in China but throughout the developing world.
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Hamilton, Shane 1976. "Trucking country : food politics and the transformation of rural life in Postwar America." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39178.
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Thesis (Ph. D. in History and Social Study of Science and Technology (HASTS))--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (v. 2, p. 395-423).
Trucking replaced railroads as the primary link between rural producers and urban consumers in the mid-twentieth century. With this technological change came a fundamental transformation of the defining features of rural life after World War II. Trucking helped drive the shift from a New Deal-era political economy-based on centralized political authority, a highly regulated farm and food economy, and collective social values-to a postwar framework of anti-statism, minimal market regulation, and fierce individualism. Trucking and rural truck drivers were at the heart of what I call the "marketing machine," a new kind of food economy that arose after World War II, characterized by decentralized food processors and supermarkets seeking high volume, low prices, and consistent quality to eliminate uncertainties from the food distribution chain. This marketing machine developed as a reaction against the statist food and farm policies of the New Deal. Government agricultural experts-economists, engineers, and policymakers-encouraged the growth of highway transportation in an effort to redefine the "farm problem" as an industrial problem, an issue to be solved by rural food processors and non-unionized "independent" truck drivers rather than price supports or acreage controls.
by Shane L. Hamilton.
Ph.D.in History and Social Study of Science and Technology (HASTS
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Karapinar, Baris. "Rural transformation in the age of globalization : small farms in Turkey 1980-2007." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2947/.
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The debate on rural transformation dates back to the school of neo-classical political economy. Its modern version has focused on the role of agriculture in economic development in the 1960s and 1970s, and has then moved on to local livelihoods and micro-economics in the 1980s. Recently, a new debate has emerged between the 'neo-populists' and the 'agro-pessimists' on the role of small-scale farms in economic development and poverty alleviation. This thesis develops a framework, which helps analysis of the process of rural transformation in the age of globalization. Testing the hypothesis in Turkey illustrates a common dilemma faced by many developing countries where the role of agriculture in economic development has been diminishing without leading to a substantial movement of labour out of agriculture. Since this trend is accompanied by a stagnant agricultural economy failing to integrate into global markets, millions of small farmers have been left out of the process of economic development over the last 25 years. This thesis analyzes longitudinal village studies from three different regions of Turkey. The first case exemplifies the damaging impact of the trade distorting policies of developed countries on small-scale cotton producers in developing countries. The second case illustrates the crucial role that non-agricultural activities play in rural economies, especially in unfavourable agro-ecologies. The third shows that inequality arising from social and political factors hinders the efficient allocation of resources, constituting a big obstacle for rural development. Hence, combining assessment of the processes of agricultural and labour transition at the country level with thematic case studies, the thesis argues that the overall state of small-scale agriculture has generally been pessimistic over the last 25 years. Nevertheless, if facilitated by a new institutional framework, such as the new social democracy, designed to take advantage of new opportunities arising from globalization, a realistic policy approach would provide an optimistic prospect for future progress in rural transformation.
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Frazão, Susana Rita Santos. "Alqueva - Paisagem em transformação." Master's thesis, ISA, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3089.
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Mestrado em Arquitectura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaAlqueva is a paradigmatic case of landscape transformation. This Project was thought in 1957 for the regional agricultural development. It has became, until its construction date, a multi-proposal enterprise in which it was considered a strategic water reserve, the Guadiana river regularization, electric energy production, public supply, water supply for the agricultural and industrial activities, the tourism development and the fight against desertification. Indeed this complex process has been absorbing the needs of time changes and society demands. The creation of a vast water plan changed significantly the biophysical, patrimonial, cultural and economic systems forecasting a general development of the socioeconomic system in which the tourism industry as an important role. These outcomes are still to be assessed since its development is on an early stage. It is expected that the population models develops as foreseen in the different touristic enterprises, bringing out the new and true cultural and economic landscape, changing therefore the decline of the actual alentejano rural space. This thesis is conceived by three key points. The first one is about the evolutionary and socio cultural description of Alqueva its place and territorial disturbances which began at the dam construction. The second refers to the identification of the various actors contributions’ in this process. Institutions, promoters and designers have been responsible for the formulation of the Alqueva development models, supported by their specific points of view that in the ultimate sense define and format the Alqueva recovery strategy. Therefore, the transformation perspectives and models developments of this landscape are seen from different models: the institutional and political model (in which the entities in charge of the regulation and projects approval has the responsibility); the economic model that is from the promoters responsibility; and the architectural and landscape model designed by the designers teams responsible for the two holdings reviewed at this thesis. At the end there are the final remarks in which is a statement review about the issues and the expectations created about each model. The plans made by the regulatory institutions were fundamental for the enlightening of the political and institutional model actions. These determined, in general, the building densities and point out occupation models based on the structure built in agricultural or natural being, in order to preserve the territorial structures permanence that ensure the natural systems continuity in accordance with economic activities of soil use and exploitation and of society integrated support. The plans mention are the Regional Plan of the Alqueva Surrounding Area Planning (PROEZA), the Planning of the Alqueva and Pedrogão Dams (POAAP), the Detailed Plan of the Herdade do Barrocal (PPHB) and the Urban Plan of the Herdade do Mercador (PUHM).The projects promoters and market research companies expectation’s built the foundations to the defined economic model foreseen, by the development of the aims and possibilities of the tourism industry in this region, that are decided by agents such as the Tourism Strategic Council or the National Tourism Agency. These aims combine the economical development principals through the implementation of contemporary touristic projects. It is intended to preserve the landscape cultural value that underlies the concept of economic development prevailing throughout the projects. The expression of the economic asset by tourism that represents the landscape sustainability will respect the various marks in the territory and will provide a new expression of contemporaneity brought up by the architectural expression of modernity anchored at a continuity process related to the human activity with the territory, the landscape or the cultural and economical practices. The architecture and landscape model that unfolds in each case of the study reflects about the space development strategies used. For such it was selected a set of design tools which are understood, in this thesis, as essential to the development of sustainable landscape models as well as significant at a cultural level. The place interpretation based on the marks and signs understating, the reuse or reinvention of the tradition construction processes and the typological and topological characteristics of the place allow us to understand the landscape as a dynamic process and a integrated way of intervention. These models, as well as the Mediterranean landscape dynamic, rely on occupation ways and on land management inherent to the natural resources such as soil, water and vegetation. The architecture role is mainly to support the sustained integration of the ecological and socio cultural factors in all its components. The understanding of this model was made through the plans analysis’ and interpretation’s and by the constant contact with the project’s designers and promoters, especially by ideas discussions of all the landscape architectures involved in both projects. The knowledge about the references in a more explicit or implicit manner emerged as key elements. Those ones bring a comparative reading between the Alqueva case and others that has already been consolidated from similar programs. This thesis is supported on a review of two enterprises – Herdade São Lourenço do Barrocal and Herdade do Mercador – that are paradigmatic cases of innovation in quality of the product offered and ensuring the added value to the local development. Their genesis issues are distinctive, both in terms of geological substrate or in historic cultural context, or by the different relation and involvement with the Alqueva water plan: the first contacts only with the water level in one of its limits; the second has a radical submersion leaving 1/3 of its property free to the tourism programme implementation. Those establish two starting points for very different programmes therefore with very different projects responses that are explained both by its own natural and cultural systems and limitations knowledge. External references were used as guidelines and assisted the project possibilities in defining the habitat at a yet unstable landscape.
18 peças gráficas, lados a e b
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Mbaye, Khady. "Analyse de la transformation institutionnelle des organisations de microfinance en milieu rural au Sénégal." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSAM0034.
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Cette thèse analyse à travers une étude de cas, le parcours d’un programme de micro-crédit rural mis en place par l’ONG Plan International, transformé en institution formelle et intégré aujourd’hui dans l’un des plus grands réseaux mutualistes du Sénégal : l’UM-PAMECAS (Union des Mutuelles du Partenariat pour la Mobilisation de l'Epargne et du Crédit au Sénégal). Notre objectif était de montrer comment les organisations de microfinance concilient les logiques sociale et financière, à priori en opposition, dans leur mode d’action après une transformation institutionnelle. Compte tenu de la diversité des règles et des modes d’actions observés au sein des organisations étudiées, nous avons mobilisé l’économie des conventions pour construire notre cadre d’analyse. La thèse s’appuie sur une analyse qualitative diachronique des logiques en présence, de façon à comprendre ce qui les soustend, les mécanismes et enjeux de pouvoir qui les font évoluer et se stabiliser. Sur une période s’étalant de 2006 à 2008 nous avons mené des enquêtes auprès de 169 personnes aux statuts divers (salariés, élus, bénéficiaire des crédits, etc.). Ce travail a apporté un éclairage sur le processus de transformation institutionnelle des organisations de microfinance rural et ses enjeux. Nous avons montré que grâce à une méthodologie combinant plusieurs principes relevant de cités différentes mais essentiellement rattachés à une « logique sociale », les organisations de microfinance de premières générations ont permis à des personnes vivant en milieu rural, dont le profil socio-économique n’intéressait pas les banques commerciales, d’accéder aux services financiers. La transformation institutionnelle induite par des facteurs exogènes et endogènes a apporté des bouleversements auxquelles les organisations devaient faire face pour assurer leur pérennité. Notre recherche a montré que pour réussir cette transition et éviter des conflits, des concertations doivent être menées tout au long du processus avec l’ensemble des acteurs afin que tous s’entendent sur le but de la transformation, la façon dont le processus doit être mené et les réformes à mettre en place. En outre, les nouvelles procédures mises en place doivent être en adéquation avec les spécificités locales. Par ailleurs, cette thèse a montré la forte prédominance des tontines. Ces dernières ont fortement évolué et se sont enrichies grâce à l’hybridation de règles marchandes, domestiques et civiques qui en font aujourd’hui, des dispositifs locaux concurrençant fortement la collecte de l’épargne au niveau des structures formellesThis thesis analyses, trough a case study, the operation of a rural micro-credit program implemented by Plan international NGO. It has then been changed into a formal institution and integrated into one of the largest network of mutual organizations in Senegal: UMPAMECAS. Our objective was to show how micro-finance organizations reconcile social and financial logics that are primarily contradictory, in their action after institutional changes. Considering the diversity of rules and operation modes observed in the institutions under scrutiny, we have mobilized the convention economy to build the framework of our analysis. The thesis is based on a diachronic quantitative analysis of those logics to understand what underlies them, power mechanism and stakes that make them evolve and stabilize. For a period from 2006 through 2008, we surveyed 169 people from different (wages-earners, elected, credits beneficiaries, etc.). This work has cast light on the transformation process of rural microfinance and its stakes. We have shown that, thanks to a methodology combining several principles from different cities, but essentially related to a “social logic”, the first generation of microfinance institutions have enabled several people living in rural areas, whose economic profile did not appeal to commercial banks, to get access to financial services. The institutional transformations induced by endogenous and exogenous facts have brought changes which should be dealt with by the institutions to ensure their sustainability. Our research has shown that to survive the transition and avoid conflicts, consultations should be conducted all through the process with all the stakeholders for all to agree on the objective of the transition, the way the process should be conducted and the reforms that need to be implemented. Besides, the newly implemented procedures should match local specificities. Furthermore, this thesis has shown the supremacy of the “tontine” systems (rotating saving and credit associations). Those systems have deeply evolved and enriched due to the hybridization of commercial, domestic and civic rules that make them today local organizations that strongly challenge formal structures in the collecting of savings
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Xie, Huizhong, and 謝慧中. "Trust transformation and behavioral patterns : peasant resistance under land property conflicts in rural China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206450.
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Authoritarian China provides a unique context to explore resistance strategies. For one thing, it is alert to both institutionalized resistance and non-institutionalized one. For another, China is different from traditional authoritarian state due to the change of state legitimacy. It now gains support from the public by economic performance rather than ideology control, making it tolerant of resistance claiming for economic requests. Previous literatures have discovered different types of peasant resistance. However, they fail to highlight the diversity in peasant resistance that different types co-exist. Furthermore, prior studies seldom focus on analyzing the rationale behind peasant behaviors.
This thesis examines the state–society relationship by exploring peasant resistance to land conflicts in rural China. Trust in the state is an important intermediate variable that shapes peasant responses to state policy. Through 4 months of ethnographic fieldwork and semi-structured interviews with 45 land-lost peasants in 2 villages, the study finds an interplay between peasant trust and behavior toward state policy. More specifically, the way people trust the central government leads to different resistance strategies. This study uncovers four types of trust in the central government and shows how they lead to specific social actions in terms of intention and capacity: Justice Bao (morally good intention and large capacity), Judge (legally just and large capacity), Clay Bodhisattva (good intention and small capacity), Monster (bad intention and large capacity). Accordingly, peasants develop four types of behavioral patterns based on the trust types: state-dependent and norm-based, state-dependent and policy-based, self-dependent and policy-based, self-dependent and norm-based. It also investigates the opposite process of how those actions lead to a reshaping of trust in the state. In other words, this study places the evolution of trust in a cyclic lifetime learning model where trust shapes behavior and is in turn reshaped by the consequences of those behaviors.
This study contributes to the existing literature in three main aspects. Firstly, it identifies that peasant trust in the central government is diverse rather than monolithic as found by current literatures. Secondly, it displays the connection between trust in the state and corresponding behavioral patterns towards the state policy. Thirdly, it enriches the current literature on trust by indicating that trust evolves in a lifetime learning process. It on one hand influences peasants’ behavioral patterns; on the other is reshaped by the consequences of behaviors.published_or_final_version
Sociology
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Sonmez, Abdulkerim. "Peasant household survival strategies : rural transformation in the heartland of Turkey's hazelnut production belt." Thesis, Durham University, 1993. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5616/.
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This study analyses the dynamics of persistence of the peasantry in a capitalist social formation through a case study of a village (Kayadibi) of hazelnut producers in the Central Black Sea region of Turkey. In the analysis the peasant household is given analytical priority as it is seen to be the single most important social institution through which the peasantry interacts, condition and is conditioned by the wider social, economic and political structures. Within such an analytical framework, this study concentrates on three areas of inquiry concerning the dynamics of survival of peasant modes. This is carried out in the context of the process of rural socio-economic transformation which took place under the impact of capitalism and with the start of hazelnut production for the world market in the early nineteenth century. These are: (1) the historical and contingent factors which contributed to the emergence and decline of big land- ownership and the new forms of development of capitalism in agriculture; (2) the areas of disputes and clashes of interests between the peasantry, the state and the merchants concerning the actual form of organization of the commodity and credit markets and further development or restriction of hazelnut production in the country; and (3) the patterns and mechanisms which enable the peasant households to have continuous access to land, labour and credit. The thesis arrives at the conclusion that the key to the persistence of the peasantry, as a property-owning social category of the society in a capitalist formation, is its strategy of diversifying its sources of income in order to decrease the degree of its dependency on land-bound agricultural production. This is combined with the strategy of consolidating its savings in the means of production in its own possession instead of using them to improve its standards of living and consumption.
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Liu, Woyu. "Mao's agrarian reforms: the socialist rural transformation in an east China county, 1946-1965." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5552.
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My dissertation "Mao's Agrarian Reforms: The Socialist Rural Transformation in an East China County, 1946-1965" focuses on the 1949 communist revolution and its impact on Chinese society. In particular, it examines a series of key stages of the socialist rural transformation from 1946-1965 in Baoying County, an area near Shanghai comprising over 1,000 villages and a population of nearly 500,000. The dissertation starts with the study of the land reform movement from 1946-1952, which introduced class struggle for the first time to the villagers of Northern Jiangsu Province, where Baoying County was located. Next it examines the agricultural collectivization movement enforced by the state from 1952-1957, followed by a chapter on the Great Leap Forward Movement in 1958-59, which ended in a great famine. The dissertation concludes by exploring the accumulated tensions between farmers and the communist officials as exposed in the Socialist Education Movement, a political campaign later became the prelude to the Cultural Revolution. Unlike previous scholarship, which has mostly relied on interviews with a limited number of participants or officially published writings that have undergone severe censorship, my research is based on more than five thousand pages of unpublished documents culled from the county archives and inner-Party publications that I managed to collect during the past years. These primary sources enable me to explore in-depth issues that have been ignored or underdeveloped in the existing literature, such as the varied responses of farmers towards the socialist agrarian reforms and the widespread corruption among the grassroots officials, which was rooted in the practices of collectivism in agriculture. Furthermore, by viewing the process from the bottom up, I hope to provide a solid foundation of facts for reassessing the intricate relations among farmers, state officials and the Communist Party in late and post-revolutionary China.
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Ozdemir, Nihan. "The transformation of squatter settlements into authorised apartment blocks : a case study of Ankara, Turkey." Thesis, University of Kent, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267403.
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Chan, Chun-ho, and 陳雋浩. "Permascape: is landscape infrastructure a solution to the rapid transformation in rural-urban landscape ofmegacities?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47541544.
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Delorme, Robert W. "Action research on transformation of rural health center to level 3 patient-centered medical home." Thesis, Central Michigan University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3732245.
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The Institute of Medicine evaluated the U.S. health system in the 1990s and found an extremely expensive system with clinical outcomes that were ranked lower than a number of other industrialized nations. (Institute of Medicine, 2001) In addition, the per capita spending was almost double that of other nations. The U.S. health care system was fragmented, highly technical, and specialty oriented. Even though the primary care system is the backbone of more efficient and less expensive systems in other countries (Landon, Gill, Antodelli, & Rich, 2010). The primary care system was in a downward spiral in terms of morale and number of U.S. medical students entering primary care specialties. To respond to the call of the Institute of Medicine and the ongoing decline of primary care residents, seven primary care organizations including the American Academy of Family Physicians and the American Board of Family Medicine, published a report called the “Future of Family Medicine” (Kahn, 2004). The report described a new model of family medicine called the patient-centered medical home (PCMH). The model needed to be standardized to evaluate outcomes. Three bodies provide certification: the Joint Commission, the Accreditation Commission for Health Care, and the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) (Klein,, Laugesen, & Liu, 2013). The NCQA is the organization that most of the practices use for recognition (Landon et al., 2010). Various organizations have conducted studies on the implementation PCMH and found the PCMH model took about two years to implement, consumed practice resources but led to improved quality and some indication of lower costs (AHRQ, 2012). To become the future landscape of primary care, the PCMH model depends on small practices adopting it because a large percentage of family practices have fewer than five providers (Scholle, et al., 2013). The Hamilton Family Health Center (HFHC) of Community Memorial Hospital (CMH) is a small center with the equivalent of three and a half full-time providers and two specialists. The CMH recently became a critical access rural hospital certified for 25 beds, whose average daily census is 15-16 patients. This project was a combination of participatory action research (PAR) and insider action research (IAR). The project can be classifed as PAR because the staff, providers, and patients were involved and had significant input. The project is considered IAR as well because the author was also a provider in the center. The project goal was threefold: (a) achieve level three PCMH status for a small health center with markedly limited resources, (b) identify the process taken to meet this goal and how it can be improved and (c) learn what the changes will mean for the center. The Hamilton Family Health Center has achieved level three, but the project is ongoing because achieving the NCQA standards is only a step to achieving an ideal practice.
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Bjornestad, Liv. "Institutional evolution and change under post-socialist transformation : the case of China's rural private sector." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.479168.
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Casimir, Geoffroy Robert. "L'Urbanisation de la commune du Gosier la transformation d'un bourg rural en une ville touristique /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612498q.
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Yang, Yang. "Higher education and the transformation of cultural capital : rural students in an elite Chinese university." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607974.
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Crowther, Rebecca Louise. "Journeys to the ideal self : personal transformation through group encounters of rural landscape in Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28941.
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This thesis focuses on explaining why group encounters with rural landscapes in Scotland are deemed to be positive for mental wellbeing. The relationship between greenspace and human wellbeing is a phenomenon that researchers across multiple disciplines are grappling with, though little research engages qualitatively. This thesis clarifies, ethnographically, why some people make excursions into rural spaces and why these excursions are believed to be positively transformational and associated with mental wellbeing. It outlines motivations for engaging in excursions from urban central Scotland to areas in rural Scotland. My research explores the intangible, ineffable and ephemeral experience of case study groups in ‘natural’ rural landscapes and what is relevant in the relations between the self and non-human in these circumstances. This thesis describes how and why group interactions within ‘natural’ space is adopted as a positive self-transformation strategy. It considers the ‘nature experience’ as relational between the self, the social and place - with what constitutes the social as ambiguous within case study interaction. This project was multi-sited: I travelled with my case study groups to rural spaces around the lowlands, highlands, and islands of Scotland. Case studies were multiple and diverse: A community living initiative, a youth development project, a mental health initiative, a forestry management project, and a loose community of artistic, neo-shamanic and psychotherapeutic practitioners. To remain responsive to my research communities and their activities I have developed a framework for a serendipitous ethnography which is outlined within the thesis. This project adopted a transdisciplinary research strategy, engaging with a theoretical framework spanning psychotherapy, psychology and eco-psychology, sociology, philosophy, human geography, anthropology and outdoor education as well as landscape and performance studies. This transdisciplinary thesis contributes to understandings of human and nature connectedness providing an account of cognitive, social and cultural experience. Primarily, this research was concerned with the self, the perception of the ideal and ought self in relation to motivations to journey in this manner and the self as part of a group and within the landscape as a dynamic and relational subject. I have considered the sense of self within these experiences as a metaphorical liminal site. I have discussed the group collectively as a site of dynamism and thus liminality. I then argue that this allows for the way that the landscape is perceived to be a site of liminality. With this we see the importance of temporality and structure, or indeed anti-structure, within these excursions as something which aids in the perspective that they are transformative. I have considered notions of perceived affordance and how this changes throughout experience with the increasing ability to associate ideas and abstract experience within one’s personal narrative. I explain how each group differs in how they perceive the rural landscape as something to instrumentalise, personify or anthropomorphise. With this comes an exploration of complex anthropocentric mindsets and the influence of these ways of thinking on experience. I suggest that individuals choose to journey to ‘natural’ rural environments to self-verify an aspect of their ought or ideal self with a desire to re-imagine the self through engagement with others. In self-verifying one’s ideal or ought sense of self, finding a sense of belonging within a group and believing oneself to be doing something good in relation to the ‘natural’ rural space, individuals and groups experience a sense of personal and social transformation.
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Fabian, Rika. "Making the national farmer progressive educational reforms and transformation of rural society in the United States (1902-1918) and Japan (1920-1945) /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3297429.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Aug. 8, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-236).
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Hundertmarck, Isimar Stefenon. "AGROINDÚSTRIA NO MEIO RURAL CONSTRUINDO RURALIDADES." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9293.
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The proposal of this study concerns an investigative element in the context of studies about socio
spatial dynamics, focusing on the constituting features of the rural space and its rurality. It also
focuses on the possibilities of formation of social capital for the integrated local development, where
rural and urban spaces permeate themselves through mutual relations. The conception about new
ruralities not only fed this proposal, but also increased the distance of older definitions, in which the
rural environment was highlighted as hinterland, defined as a region of a dominating (urban) center,
continuously expanding over its regional space. The general objective of the study was to determine
such rural location, as a means to reach the new rurality under-construction, following transformations
coming from the socio spatial dynamics of such geographical environment and of its mutating
spatiality due to the globalization process, in the age of technical acceleration and use of scientific
measures. Such objective also aimed at explaining, at least partly, the presence of diversity and of
multiple pluriactive activities in the area of Santa Flora district, in Santa Maria, RS, in order to find
elements that point out existing social capital. Technical methodological procedure was used and
applied on the considered system, allowing to recognize the subsystems and its indicators that
establish, through theirs dynamics, the structure and processes of the spatial systems and that are
responsible for the determination of functions and forms, according to this course of dynamics to
which such spatiality is submitted. The current rural space is materially and culturally prevailing over
the past conception, although such overcoming process does not reach the total society, since it is a
process that is not exempted from the contradictions of the capitalist system. The diverse offer of
services, activities, places and establishments in the rural environment indicate the other pole of the
consuming process, in which different kinds of interests towards the rural space are condensed on the
demand. Such a process inserts the current characteristics of pluriactivity and multifunctionality that
are added to the existing activities in the rural environment. In the imbricated relations with the cities, it
will be possible to build a strategy of expansion and articulation in the rural environment. The renewal
of discussions about rurality and its dynamics to reach the absolute development of social groups
contained in it and that build it, demands besides overcoming the rural urbanization myth, focusing on
the rapid changes that obey the dynamics of the technical mutations age of life and production
changes, on the interferences of the environment that lay new elements, transforming the existing
ones and suppressing others, putting on a new face that can be translated by ruralities in a constant
movement.A proposta de estudo se constituiu em um elemento investigativo no contexto dos estudos sobre dinâmicas sócio-espaciais focando os elementos constituintes do rural e de sua ruralidade, bem como as possibilidades de formação de capital social para o desenvolvimento local integrado, onde urbano e rural deverão permear-se em mútuas relações. A concepção sobre as novas ruralidades não só alimentou esta proposta como também a distância das antigas definições, na qual o meio rural destacava-se apenas como o hinterland definido como a região de um centro (urbano) dominante e em expansão contínua sobre o seu espaço regional. Como objetivo geral se perseguiu a busca da determinação deste rural, como meio de alcançar a nova ruralidade em construção e decorrente de transformações advindas da dinâmica sócio-espacial deste meio geográfico e de sua espacialidade em mutação devido ao processo da globalização em tempos de adoção de aceleração da técnica e de uso da cientificidade. Este objetivo também procurou explicar, ao menos em parte, a presença da diversidade e das múltiplas atividades pluriativas existente na área do distrito Santa Flora, município de Santa Maria, RS, no afã de encontrar elementos acusadores da presença de capital social. Utilizando-se do procedimento metodológico técnico e aplicando-o no sistema considerado foi possível reconhecer os subsistemas e seus indicadores que estabelecem, em sua dinâmica, a estrutura e os processos do sistema espacial e são responsáveis pela determinação das funções e das formas, conforme o curso da dinâmica a que se submete a espacialidade em questão. O rural de hoje, que vem sendo superado material e culturalmente daquela pretérita concepção, ainda que se reconheça que esta superação não atinge a totalidade da sociedade, pois se trata de um processo que não está isento das contradições do sistema capitalista.. A diversificada oferta de serviços, atividades, lugares e estabelecimentos do meio rural, denotam, de modo correspondente, a outra ponta do processo de consumo, em que se condensam na demanda diferentes modalidades de interesse pelo espaço rural; de certo modo, é este processo que acaba lhe conferindo as atuais características de pluriatividade e multifuncionalidade que se somam as atividades existentes. No imbricado das relações com as cidades, será possível construir uma estratégia de crescimento e de articulação no meio rural. A renovação das discussões sobre a ruralidade e sua dinâmica para alcançar o desenvolvimento pleno dos grupos sociais contidos nele e que o formam exigem de imediato que se possa, além de superação do mito da urbanização do campo, olhar para as mudanças rápidas que obedecem as dinâmicas dos tempos de mutações técnicas de alteração da vida e da produção e para interferências no meio ambiente ao colocar novos elementos, transformando os existentes e suprimindo outros e por fim dando ao meio rural novas feições que podem ser traduzidas por ruralidades em movimento constante.
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Keng, Shu. "Making markets work in rural China the transformation of local networks in a Chinese town, 1979-1999 /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035960.
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Fung, Pik Ki. "House building movement in the context of rural-urban transformation : a case study on C village in southern China /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202009%20FUNG.
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Makana, Nicholas Ekutu. "Changing patterns of indigenous economic systems agrarian change and rural transformation in Bungoma District 1930-1960 /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4464.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2006.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 360 p. : map. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 351-360).
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Bruckermann, Charlotte Louise. "Life in the rural Shanxi house : seasonal resonances and techniques of transformation in north-central China." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:29cbecd1-7ce3-44e1-9abf-0ba9a1101565.
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This thesis gives an experiential account of notions of the home in contemporary rural China. Based on a year of fieldwork in a mountain village in rural Shanxi Province, the thesis explores everyday and ritual practices to investigate how people make themselves at home under conditions of political economic transformation. Villagers accommodate and resist conflicts of interest by negotiating boundaries of insiders and outsiders through the home. Differences of gender and generation come to the fore as people compromise between aspiration and pragmatism within the home under conditions of resurgent market competition. The theoretical concern of the thesis lies in connecting wider social processes to personal life projects through the intimate sphere of the home. The rhythm of the seasons patterns the thesis into spring, summer, autumn and winter chapters, as the seasons were pivotal in ordering people’s everyday practices and ritual activities within a shared social and ecological environment. The opening chapter on the autumn harvest coincided with my arrival in the village. The chapter explores how labour, and particularly women’s labour, transforms the earth into affective belonging, and how women negotiate conflicts over food consumption between the agricultural and market economy. The winter chapter parallels tales of personal life history with wider kinship networks across various generations, while simultaneously tracing bodily pathways from the domain of the hot stove in the home to the cold grave in the fields. The next chapter begins with the celebratory periods of springtime during the New Year Festival, a time of ritual renewal in the home when women partook in a local domestic ritual of propitiating the little spirits of the house. At Qingming Festival villagers’ practices of worshipping the ancestors in the fields were juxtaposed with a tour company’s staging of an elaborate ritual revival of star worship in the village. Conflicting aspirations over the future of the past thereby tore fissures into the emerging ritual terrain between outside spectacle and inside convergence. The last ethnographic chapter looks at the summer as a time for regenerating life, particularly through marriage and children. Reciprocal caring cycles between different generations of women are central to balancing domestic and occupational aspirations in negotiation with the local implementation of the family planning policy. House-based rituals at children’s birthday parties and bridal farewell ceremonies formally celebrate the roles of matrilateral relatives.
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Mwiandi, Mary Ciambaka. "The Jeanes School in Kenya the role of the Jeanes teachers and their wives in "social transformation" of rural colonial Kenya, 1925-1961 /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
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Dutt, Khaleda Gani. "The Role of Adult Literacy in Transforming the Lives of Women in Rural India: Overcoming Gender Inequalities : Comparative case studies in Bhilwara District Rajasthan & Howrah District West Bengal India." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-139791.
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The Indian diaspora is woven around castes, languages, dialects, religions- a young nation boasting of an ancient civilization in which inequalities are deeply ingrained in its culture and traditions. Although vital government interventions have succeeded in increasing the literacy rate of women in both urban and rural areas general household characteristics such as income, caste, occupation and education attainments of parents still continue to determine access, attendance, completion and learning outcomes of girls and women from severely disadvantaged communities. The critical issue investigated in the comparative case study is why and how established hegemonic roles changed because of the catalytic role of adult literacy. The research was conducted in Bhilwara District, Rajasthan and Howrah District, West Bengal, India where literacy has played an intrinsic role in transforming the lives of the rural and marginalized women. In Indian society social norms often prevent women from exercising their free choice and from taking full and equal advantage of opportunities for individual development, contribution and reward. So assessing empowerment/transformation would mean identifying the constraints to empowerment, how women’s agency has developed and finally looking if ‘agency’ was able to address the constraints to women’s access to adult literacy. This would also entail seeking answers to questions such as ‘How is transformation represented in their narratives? What was the impact of literacy upon their lives?
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Luzietoso, Nguala. "Les enjeux du développement agricole au Zaïre : modernisation et transformation des sociétés lignagères dans la vallée de l'Inkisi /." Montpellier : CIHEAM-IAMM, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370618768.
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Th. MS--Montpellier--CIHEAM-IAMM, 1991.Bibliogr. p. 75-80. CIHEAM-IAMM = Centre international de hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes-Institut agronomique méditerranéen de Montpellier.
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Breitschopf, Barbara. "Rural financial markets under transformation a study on credit supply and demand in Romania's private farm sector /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10633969.
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Ye, Lezhou, and 叶乐周. "The dynamics of rural-urban migration and industrial transformation inChina's metropolises: the case of Shenzhen,1979-2008." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46542085.
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