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1
Gusakov, T. Yu. "Rural-urban migration on the Crimean Peninsula." RUDN Journal of Sociology 21, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 279–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-2-279-295.
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Despite the wide popularity of the Crimean region, its scientific descriptions are full of gaps. In the Soviet period, the research was limited by the unspoken prohibitions on the study of social processes and by the absence of a strong scientific school. After the collapse of the USSR, the Crimean region was considered only in the works on social aspects of migration and on artificial transformations of the ethnic-confessional composition of the population. The change in the status of the Crimean Peninsula in 2014 made this region interesting for the Russian science: there are many recent articles on the features of the social-economic development of the peninsula, but a number of issues in the life of Crimea are still poorly understood. One of them is the migration on the peninsula: the historical ethnic migrations are sufficiently described but not the contemporary population movements. Historically, migration processes have played an important role in the social-economic development of Crimea. However, until recently, external migrations were the driver of this development, while since the beginning of the 21st century, migration movements within the peninsula have played this role, and their features should be taken into account in planning and financing the rural development. Rural areas of Crimea remain agrarian-overpopulated; therefore, it is necessary to identify areas promising for capital investment and areas that soon will be depopulated due to the lack of opportunities for human and social capital. The author considers the population exchange between urban and rural areas as an important factor for the demographic situation, and focuses on the reasons and features of the spatial mobility and migration of the Crimean population based on the analysis of statistical data and transport links between the city and the countryside.
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Rusta, Ana. "City: Melting Locus and Cross-Cultural Difference Versus Rural (The Case of Tirana after the 90s)." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 6, s2 (July 1, 2017): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2018-0037.
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Abstract After the 1990s, with the recognition of a number of rights denied during the communist regime, such as free movement, there was a large movement of internal migration from rural areas to large urban areas, especially towards the city of Tirana. A number of factors, mainly economic and social factors, favored this massive population movement from rural areas to urban areas. Almost complete disintegration of the economic base in rural areas, as well as infrastructure shortages, have pushed large numbers of population into urban areas, especially towards the periphery, across migration flows. On the other hand, enormous rural migration not only redefined the physical boundaries of the city but also produced new social and economic forms. As a result of interaction and confrontation of the social and cultural mentalities between rural and urban population (the case of Tirana) emerged several phenomena that created a clear demarcation area under the cultural and social aspects, as well as semi-rural or semiurban hybrid interaction. In this perspective, this essay attempts to use a multidisciplinary approach to explain the general factors of this massive internal migration but also some aspects of the newly-formed landscape of social and cultural mentalities after this migration. As a result of this cultural interaction, we attempt to understand the reality of various subcultures in the city of Tirana and social behaviors in order to clarify the effects of this process regarding the dilemma on the ruralization of the urban or urbanization of the rural population.
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Qi, Ziwei. "An Overview of Rural to Urban Migration in China and Social Challenges." Migration Letters 16, no. 2 (April 5, 2019): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182//ml.v16i2.664.
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The rural to urban migration in China represents one of the greatest internal migrations of people in history as rural populations have moved to cities in response to growing labour demand. One major cause of the increased labour demand was the “Reform and Open Market Policy” initiated at the end of the 1970s. The policy amplified the rural to urban divide by promoting a more thoroughly market-based economy with a corresponding reduction in the importance of agricultural production and a greater emphasis on non-agricultural market sectors. As a result, a series of economic reforms have drastically changed the cultural and social aspects of the rural area over the past three decades. Many social problems have been created due to rural to urban migration. These problems include institutional discrimination because of the restrictive household registration policies; social stigmatisation and discrimination in state-owned employment sectors and among urban residents; psychological distress and feelings of alienation.
4
Greiner, Clemens. "MIGRATION, TRANSLOCAL NETWORKS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRATIFICATION IN NAMIBIA." Africa 81, no. 4 (October 13, 2011): 606–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972011000477.
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ABSTRACTRural–urban migration and networks are fundamental for many livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa. Remittances in cash and kind provide additional income, enhance food security and offer access to viable resources in both rural and urban areas. Migration allows the involved households to benefit from price differences between rural and urban areas. In this contribution, I demonstrate that rural–urban networks not only contribute to poverty alleviation and security, but also further socio-economic stratification. This aspect has been ignored or neglected by most scholars and development planners. Using ethnographic data from Namibia, I have adopted a translocal perspective on migration and stratification, focusing on the resulting impact in rural areas where modern urban forms of stratification, induced by education and income from wage labour, are on the increase.
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Hudzelyak, Iryna. "Geographical aspects of the demographic situation in Western Ukraine." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 52 (June 27, 2018): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2018.52.10170.
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The population of Western Ukraine decreases over the 2001–2016 years and at present is 9,356 thousands or 21 % of the whole population. Due to the slower pace of depopulation in comparison with other regions, the demographic weight of the Western region increases in the population of Ukraine. The rural population of the Western region decreases, while the urban population due to migration inflows increases. The level of urbanization in the Western region remains the lowest in Ukraine – only 49 %, but the rate of urbanization in the last 15 years was the highest in the country, except the capital region. Improvements in the economic activity and expansion of urban areas have a place in many cities. The level of population ageing of the Western region is the lowest in Ukraine and the more aged population is rural. Due to reduced fertility and the premature mortality, extremely rapid ageing of the urban population occurs. Because of the great migration losses in rural areas in recent decades, the level of ageing of the rural population is growing really slowly and in Volyn region, the rural population became younger. The birth rate here is the highest in Ukraine, especially in rural areas of Rivne, Zakarpattia, and Volyn regions. Therefore, the proportion of children in all types of settlements dramatically exceeds the average indicators among Ukrainian. The urban population of the region is characterised by a new European model of reproductive behaviour that defines the main demographic parameters: low fertility, including early birth, the dominance of nucleus families, and higher age for marriages. In general, the most favourable demographic situation is in Zakarpattia region and rural areas of Rivne region, which is mostly achieved by high birth rates, lower level of premature mortality and lower migration loss of reproductive groups. The worst demographic situation among the Western regions is in the Ternopil region, where demographic potential in the rural areas significantly decreased as a result of large migration losses and a rapid decline in fertility. Key words: population, demographic situation, urbanization, depopulation, demographic ageing, natural reproduction, migration.
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Bara, Mario. "Some Aspects of Socialist Modernization in the Croatian Cities." Review of Croatian history 16, no. 1 (August 1, 2020): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/review.v16i1.11288.
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The paper focuses on the period of socialist modernization in Croatian urban settings, in a country guided by ideologically shaped administrative measures, absence of social pluralism, and private economic initiatives. The socialist regime mainly promoted the announced transformation of social and economic relations, as well as technical progress, in the urban areas, where cultural and symbolic interventions took place along with the technical ones. The socialist city was to become an ideal city that met all the needs of the “working people”. Industrialization and urbanization caused labour migration from rural to urban areas. Due to the large number of new residents in the cities, the authorities paid much attention to housing policies. Accelerated construction resulted in a discrepancy with the existing urban and communal infrastructure. The consequences of half a century of socialist modernization in the cities were most evident in the altered population structure. At the beginning of the observed period, only one quarter of the population lived in cities, but when the socialist epoch ended, this ratio was over 50 %. The negative consequences of socialist modernization in the cities could be seen in the polarized development of the main urban centres, the unevenly developed network of medium-sized and small towns, and the depopulation of a significant part of rural areas.
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Nkabinde, Buyani, Lawrence Mpele Lekhanya, and Nirmala Dorasamy. "The Rural Immigration Effects on Urban Service Delivery in South Africa (SA)." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 6(J) (December 22, 2018): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i6(j).2589.
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The current socio-economic and political problems of South Africa are rooted in the colonial apartheid era as scholars and researchers suggest through extensive research. However, there have been high levels of service delivery protests related to the government performance on the issues of service delivery to the local communities’ countrywide. Governments departments appear to be lacking much required knowledge and understanding of external factors associated with rural to urban migration such social-economic factors and other various relevant challenges, hence, local authorities are struggling to meet up with demands caused by the ever-increasing number of urban populations, which affects services delivery performance. The study was quantitative approach and used 5 Likert scale questionnaires which were distributed in the selected areas of eThekwini city. A total of 100 with 25 respondents per area, chosen areas include emhlabeni, emalandeni, ezimeleni and silver city. Whereas, qualitative aspects of the study were secondary data through extensive literature review, the study has found that indeed rural to urban migration has a negative impact on service delivery the study argue that service delivery, rural to urban migration, public participation need to be part of the government agenda holistically to improve service delivery and capacity of local authorities. This study recommends proactive urban planning and community involvement through public participation channels. The generalization of the findings of this study should be done with care.
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Nkabinde, Buyani, Lawrence Mpele Lekhanya, and Nirmala Dorasamy. "The Rural Immigration Effects on Urban Service Delivery in South Africa (SA)." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 6 (December 22, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i6.2589.
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The current socio-economic and political problems of South Africa are rooted in the colonial apartheid era as scholars and researchers suggest through extensive research. However, there have been high levels of service delivery protests related to the government performance on the issues of service delivery to the local communities’ countrywide. Governments departments appear to be lacking much required knowledge and understanding of external factors associated with rural to urban migration such social-economic factors and other various relevant challenges, hence, local authorities are struggling to meet up with demands caused by the ever-increasing number of urban populations, which affects services delivery performance. The study was quantitative approach and used 5 Likert scale questionnaires which were distributed in the selected areas of eThekwini city. A total of 100 with 25 respondents per area, chosen areas include emhlabeni, emalandeni, ezimeleni and silver city. Whereas, qualitative aspects of the study were secondary data through extensive literature review, the study has found that indeed rural to urban migration has a negative impact on service delivery the study argue that service delivery, rural to urban migration, public participation need to be part of the government agenda holistically to improve service delivery and capacity of local authorities. This study recommends proactive urban planning and community involvement through public participation channels. The generalization of the findings of this study should be done with care.
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Zhang, Kunling, Chunlai Chen, Jian Ding, and Zhinan Zhang. "China’s hukou system and city economic growth: from the aspect of rural–urban migration." China Agricultural Economic Review 12, no. 1 (November 13, 2019): 140–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-03-2019-0057.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the economic impacts of China’s hukou system and propose the possible direction for future reform. Design/methodology/approach The study develops a framework to incorporate the hukou system into the economic growth model. Using prefecture city-level panel data covering 241 cities over the period 2004–2016 and applying the fixed effects and instrumental variable regression techniques, the authors investigated empirically the impacts of the hukou system on city economic growth. Findings The study provides three main findings. First, the city sector conditionally benefits from labour mobility deregulation that allows migrants to work in cities. Second, the hukou system has different impacts on economic growth among cities with different sizes and administrative levels. Third, to offset the costs of providing exclusive public services to the migrants, the big or high-administrative-level cities can use their high-valued hukou to attract the high-skilled migrants, but the small- or low-administrative-level cities do not have this advantage. Practical implications This study suggests that the key for further hukou system reform is how to deal with the hukou–welfare binding relationship. Originality/value The authors developed a theoretical framework and conducted an empirical analysis on the direct relationship between the hukou system and economic growth to reveal the mechanism of how does the hukou system influence the city economic growth and answer the question of why is the hukou system reform so hard in China. The framework also sheds some lights on explaining the success and failure of the hukou system reforms in the past 40 years.
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Pham, Nhu Ngoc K., Mai Do, Van H. Bui, and Giang T. Nguyen. "Rural-to-urban migration in Vietnam: conceptualized youth’s vulnerabilities in the city." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 14, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-11-2015-0044.
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Purpose Vietnam is experiencing high rates of young adult migration from rural hometowns to urban cities in search of new economic and social opportunities. However, limited internal migration research has examined the well-being of this population once they are in the urban destinations, as well as their interactions with the new lifestyles in the cities. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to explore the social transition of young Vietnamese migrants into city life. Design/methodology/approach In-depth interviews were conducted among ten female and six male temporary unmarried migrants, between ages of 18 and 25 years, currently living in Ha Noi through purposive sampling. Findings Despite a higher income in the city, young migrants often suffer from physical and mental health strains that decrease their overall well-being, caused by the factors such as barriers to assimilation to new lifestyles, continued attachment to origin hometowns, financial pressures, and poor living conditions. Important aspects in pre-migration expectations and actual experiences influenced the psychosocial well-being of these young migrants as they transitioned into adulthood during their migration process. Migration to the city and assimilation into city life also changed young migrants’ views on lifestyles and behaviors often considered misconducts in their rural hometowns, such as premarital sex. Female migrants faced higher stigmatization compared to male migrants, often described by fellow migrants as becoming “loose” in the new city. Originality/value The study findings highlight the important gender-specific implications for health services and programs to improve young migrants’ well-being in the city.
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Braun, Boris, Jürgen Oßenbrügge, and Christian Schulz. "Environmental economic geography and environmental inequality: challenges and new research prospects." Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie 62, no. 2 (May 25, 2018): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2018-0001.
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Abstract The environmental dimension and sustainability-related issues have increasingly gained momentum in Economic Geography. This paper argues that integrating the inequality perspective into Environmental Economic Geography (EEG) and trying to disentangle the manifold interrelationships between economic, social, and environmental disadvantage could be worthwhile efforts. Based on three case studies – the debate on urban environmental justice in German cities, the spread of alternative food systems and food-sharing initiatives in Germany, and the socially selective migration in hazard prone areas in rural coastal Bangladesh – we demonstrate that aspects of social inequality indeed matter for EEG thinking.
12
Zhang, Shaoyao, Wei Deng, Li Peng, Peng Zhou, and Ying Liu. "Has Rural Migration Weakened Agricultural Cultivation? Evidence from the Mountains of Southwest China." Agriculture 10, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10030063.
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Linkages between rural migration and agricultural restructuring have become a key aspect of rapid urbanization in developing countries and a research focus for optimizing rural–urban development and rural reconstruction. Using continuous statistical data from the mountains of Southwest China, we examined the structure, changes and regional differences in agricultural cultivation under urbanization, analyzed the reasons for the restructuring of agricultural cultivation, and revealed the adaptation linkages between the rural–urban transition and agricultural restructuring. The results showed that land-use changes and rural migration caused by urbanization significantly affected the cultivation structure and its change trends: the proportion of food crops decreased, while the proportion of vegetables and orchards increased. However, regional differences in the agricultural cultivation structure were significant in the various township zones. Rural migration weakened agricultural cultivation in the lake basin and nationality townships but enhanced agricultural cultivation in the river valley townships. On the basis of the adaptation linkages of urbanization, rural migration, agricultural intensification, cultivation structure and economic development, chain-type changes and adaptation processes between rural migration and agricultural restructuring were demonstrated. These findings indicate that favorable locations and appropriate policies can promote the integration and restructuring of smallholder agriculture for commercialization and intensification and vice versa.
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Güreşci, Ertuğrul. "The Positive Impact of Rural Migration." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v1i1.p166-168.
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Rural migration, which has commenced in Europe in the late 1700s, can be defined as the social movement that has occurred in parallel with the Industrial Revolution. The urbanization of the population in rural areas arising from various economic and social causes is also accepted as a result of economic and social changes and developments. It is also a known fact the cited developments and changes have been considered to be a problem for the country and various measures have been taken with an eye to solve the foregoing issue. Basing on such an approach, it is concluded that rural migration has consistently a negative impact. However, it should also be considered that it is necessary to evaluate rural migration as an expected consequence of the economic development process of a country and the necessity of turning this situation into opportunity must also be considered. This study, which has been conducted through basing on this point, aims to bring to the forefront the fact that rural migration, as well as being a problem, also creates some positive results. It is expected also that the aim for bringing this fact to the forefront is expected to be helpful in revealing the requirement that migration from rural areas should also be discussed with the positive aspects thereof.
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Frank Qu, Zhaopeng, and Zhong Zhao. "Evolution of the Chinese rural-urban migrant labor market from 2002 to 2007." China Agricultural Economic Review 6, no. 2 (April 29, 2014): 316–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-10-2012-0113.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the dynamic change of the migrant labor market in China from 2002 to 2007 using two comparable data sets. Design/methodology/approach – To understand the factors behind the wage change, the authors use the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition (Oaxaca, 1973; Blinder, 1973) method to study the hourly wage change over this five-year period. Findings – The focus is on the rural-urban migration decision, the wage structure of migrants, the labor market segmentation between migrants and urban natives, and the changes of these aspects from 2002 to 2007. The paper finds that prior migration experience is a key factor for the migration decision of rural household members, and its importance keeps increasing from 2002 to 2007. The results show that there is a significant increase in wages among both migrants and urban natives over this five-year period, but migrants have enjoyed faster wage growth, and most of the increase of wages among migrants can be attributed to the increase of returns to their characteristics. The authors also find evidence suggesting convergence of urban labor markets for migrants and for urban natives during this five-year period. Research limitations/implications – In order to make the 2002 and 2007 data sets comparable, the authors had to restrict the observations with fixed residence only, and can only include seven cities. These limit the representativeness of the sample. When interpret the findings in this paper, it is important to keep this in mind. Originality/value – Due to the scarcity of data, there are few studies on the dynamics of the migrating population and the migrant labor market. Since the urban natives and migrants are still segmented in the labor market, the migrant labor market may have its own characteristics, and also, because of the increasing importance of the migrants in Chinese society, knowledge of the evolution of the migrant labor market is crucial for grasping the whole story behind the Chinese economic miracle.
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Dölekoğlu, Celile Özçiçek, and Sema Gün. "Urban Agriculture: Search for Agricultural Practice in Urbanized Rural Areas." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 12 (December 14, 2017): 1461. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i12.1461-1469.1432.
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Rapid urbanization in developing countries involves unplanned migration, unemployment and poverty. The steady shrinking of rural areas and the use of agricultural land for other purposes are progressively increasing the pressure on natural resources. This development on the one hand increases the risk to food security, and on the other triggers climate change. The rural population who migrate to the cities or who are absorbed into urban areas continue their agricultural activities in the urban in order to provide themselves with an income or to maintain their food security. In the big cities of the developed world, contact with nature is kept by means of hobby gardens, recreational areas and urban and suburban plant and animal farming, and creative ideas such as roof gardens can be found. This development, known as urban agriculture, is practiced by 800 million people in the world. Urban agriculture has many economic, social and environmental benefits, but it may also have risks and adverse effects. In this study, the developments in this area in Turkey and the world are presented, and all aspects of its effects and outcomes are discussed.
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Garakani, Seyed Amirhossein, Azadeh Lak, and Masoomeh Niyasati. "Toward sustainable development in post-flood relocation of rural settlements in Iran." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 11, no. 3 (January 31, 2020): 359–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-05-2019-0020.
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Purpose Man has always faced natural hazards and thus attempted to reduce their financial and loss-of-life damages. Assuring sustainable development in the post-disaster reconstruction of areas requires predictive measurements (i.e. vulnerability assessment). This study aims to assess the outcomes of relocating villages after the 2005 flood in the east of Golestan Province in Iran through sustainable development. Design/methodology/approach This study is an applied research combining qualitative content analysis and quantitative cross-sectional surveys. The statistical population comprises the inhabitants of Faraghi New Town (formed by aggregating 11 villages) and the villagers returning to their former rural settlement. The independent samples t-test was used to compare the outcomes of reconstruction for the samples. Data were collected using a questionnaire and in-depth interviews with the residents. The gathered data were analyzed by content analysis. Findings The results indicate that building new settlements – while reducing physical vulnerability – cannot be classified as a step toward sustainable development in economic and social aspects because the increasing trend of migration to urban areas, return to former villages, tribal disparities, reduced production, increased bank debts and increased urban insecurity are among the primary adverse social and economic consequences of rural relocations. This finding helps to assist planners and post-disaster designers to reconstruct more sustainable societies. Originality/value This study tries to investigate the effects of post-disaster reconstruction in rural settlement in Iran through sustainable development aspects for the first time. It would benefit for policymaking and urban planners and designers to make more resilient societies after disasters.
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Ma, Libang, Meimei Chen, Xinglong Che, and Fang Fang. "Farmers’ Rural-To-Urban Migration, Influencing Factors and Development Framework: A Case Study of Sihe Village of Gansu, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 5 (March 10, 2019): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050877.
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Farmers are the major participants in rural development process and their willingness to settle in urban areas directly affects the implementation of rural revitalization strategy. Based on Ostrom’s institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework, we analyzed farmers’ willingness to settle in urban areas and its influencing factors by binary Logistic regression and cluster analysis of survey data of 190 rural households in Sihe village of Gansu Province of China. The results show that: (1) In Sihe village, farmers’ willingness to settle in urban areas was low in general and influenced by their neighbors’ decisions or behaviors. Households willing and unwilling to migrate to urban areas both presented significant spatial agglomeration. (2) The factors influencing farmers’ willingness to settle in urban areas were analyzed from six aspects: individual characteristics, family characteristics, residence characteristics, cognitive characteristics, institutions, and constraints. The main influencing factors were found to be age, occupation, number of non-agricultural workers in the family, household cultivated land area, annual household income, house building materials, degree of satisfaction with social pension, homestead and contracted land subsidies, income constraints, and other constraints. (3) Individual heterogeneity and difference in economic basis determined the difference in farmers’ willingness to settle in urban areas. Institutions and constraints played different roles in the migration willingness of different groups of farmers (Note: More details on the sample as well as further interpretation and discussion of the surveys are available in the associated research article (“Village-Scale Livelihood Change and the Response of Rural Settlement Land Use: Sihe Village of Tongwei County in Mid-Gansu Loess Hilly Region as an Example” (Ma, L.B.; Liu, S.C.; Niu, Y.W.; Chen, M.M., 2018)).
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Dr. Sakreen Hasan. "Quality of Life in Metropolitan cities of Uttar Pradesh." Journal of Advances in Social Science and Humanities 6, no. 11 (November 22, 2020): 1334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/jassh.v6i11.550.
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Urbanization is a population shift from rural to urban areas, "the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas", and the ways in which each society adapts to the change. Being a complex socio-economic process closely connected with scientific technological revolution, urbanization exercises a growing influence on all aspects of society, reflecting the nature of economic and regional development.
The numbers of metro cities in India are continuously increasing from 12 in the year 1981 to 23 in 1991, 35 in 2001 and 54 in 2011. This shows that urbanization is increasing but mostly in or nearby metro cities of the country. But the capacity of metro to assimilate increasing urban population is not as good as it should be.
The sheer magnitude of the urban population, haphazard and unplanned growth of urban areas, and a desperate lack of infrastructure are the main causes of such a situation. The rapid growth of urban population (decadal growth of total population in India is about 17.7 percentage points during 2001-2011 while urban population growth is about 31.8 percentage points)[1] both natural and through migration though there is decline of rural-urban migration[2], has put heavy pressure on public utilities like housing, sanitation, transport, water, electricity, health, education and so on. So the study of metro cities is needed.
This study is about the quality of life in seven metro cities (Kanpur, Lucknow, Ghaziabad, Agra, Meerut, Varanasi and Allahabad) of Uttar Pradesh. For the analysis some index are used in this paper like deprivation index, multi-dimension poverty index and quality of life index. This could give us insight of the sustainability of the metropolitan cities.
[1] Census of India, 2011
[2] Amitabh Kundu, ‘Urbanisation and urban governance – search for a prospective beyond neo-liberalism’, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XXXVIII, No. 29, July 19, 2003, pp. 3079-3087.
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KNODEL, JOHN, JIRAPORN KESPICHAYAWATTANA, CHANPEN SAENGTIENCHAI, and SUVINEE WIWATWANICH. "How left behind are rural parents of migrant children? Evidence from Thailand." Ageing and Society 30, no. 5 (January 20, 2010): 811–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x09990699.
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ABSTRACTThe consequences of adult children's migration from rural areas for older parents who remain behind are keenly debated. While the mass media and international advocacy organisations favour an ‘alarmist’ view of desertion, the academic literature makes more sanguine assessments using the ‘household strategy’ and ‘modified extended family’ perspectives. We examine the relationship between the migration of adult children and various dimensions of older parents' wellbeing in Thailand using evidence from a survey that focused on the issues. The results provide little support for the alarmist view, but instead suggest that parents and adult children adapt to the social and economic changes associated with development in ways not necessarily detrimental to intergenerational relations. The migration of children, especially to urban areas, often benefits parents' material support while the recent spread of cell phones has radically increased their ability to maintain social contact. Nevertheless, changing living arrangements through increased migration and the smaller family sizes of the youngest age groups of older people pose serious challenges for aspects of filial support, especially at advanced ages when chronic illness and frailty require long-term personal care. Dealing with this emerging situation in a context of social, economic and technological change is among the most critical issues facing those concerned with the implications of rapid population ageing in Thailand and elsewhere.
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Titili, Denisa. "Migration as a Factor of Cultural and Sub-cultural Diversity- Case of Korca City." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v1i1.p137-142.
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: Sociological studies pay special attention to the mechanisms of cultural change and development, as well as the main factors that determine such dynamics. Zyhdi Dervishi (2011) considers cultural diffusion as one of the most influential factors of cultural development. Referring to the sociological literature consulted for this study, it is founded that Albanian culture is described as a mosaic of diverse subcultures, which differ greatly from one another. This sub-cultural diversity is evidenced in all components of cultural system; the docks, customs, manner of speaking, clothing, lifestyle, religious and pagan rituals and ceremonials, art, music, poetry, norms, values, symbols, elements of material culture etc. There are a number of factors that have contributed significantly in shaping the features of Albanian culture and its sub-cultural diversity. One of these factors is migration. It is noticed that migratory movements affect social and cultural development; major changes occur in family relationships, lifestyle, tendency for new cultural values acquisition, etc. This is more evident in rural- urban migration, as well as in international migration phenomenon. New economic resources, new working devices, system of social relationship in host society comprise an important source in transforming people's lives. Over the past twenty years Albanian society has experienced a number of economic, social and cultural changes, caused especially by increasing flows of internal and international migrants. Significant cultural changes are evidenced in social and cultural environment of Korça city, which is characterized by the phenomenon of massive displacement of population from rural areas to the city, as well as migration phenomenon in Greece. Taking into consideration the complexity of migration phenomenon and the consequences it brings in cultural plan, we intend to highlight and examine elements of sub-cultural diversity in Korça city, caused by internal and international migration. This paper draws on a research in Korça city, located in southeast of Albania, 35 km to the Greek border, which reflects a cultural environment where are intertwined trends of the cultural change, caused by migration from rural areas within the city and emigration process to neighboring Greece. In- depth interviews and observation will be used for data collection. Combined analysis of qualitative and quantitative methods will be used for data processing. This enables making comparisons and identifying problems. This paper aims to identify and analyze the impact of migration in sub-cultural diversity and aspects of the coexistence between rural subculture, urban subculture and the one of people having migration experience to Greece.
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Golovina, S. G., I. N. Mikolaichik, and L. N. Smirnova. "Human Capital of Rural Territories: Demographic Aspects." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 8 (2020): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2020-0-8-72-78.
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The purpose of the research is a quantitative and qualitative assessment of specific (demographic) aspects of the human capital accumulated within the territory of the Kurgan region and identification of the main problems associated with its formation in the context of studied region’s economic development stimulating. The theoretical part of article is devoted to the study of various approaches to human capital evaluating and estimation of its role in regional development. The empirical part of the research presents the results of monitoring the main components of human capital in the Kurgan region from the standpoint of its traditional (basic) characteristics, such as population size, age structure, migration flows, and employment. The methods used to achieve the stated goal consist of (1) the review of modern foreign and domestic literature, (2) the analysis of relevant statistical data (with using the modern techniques). The obtained results have both theoretical value (specification of the basic elements of human capital in rural areas) and practical value (can be applied by regional government in the development of rural support policies directions and tools in order to improve the quality of life of the rural population).
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Noviani, Rita, Lutfi Muta'ali, and Nasruddin Nasruddin. "FACING SOLO RAYA METROPOLITAN CITY: ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING." GeoEco 4, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/ge.v4i2.22508.
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<p>Since 2010 Solo Raya has became part of the metropolis candidates that will continue to grow along with the agglomeration of Jogjakarta and Semarang. The problems that trail is the tendency of metropolitan magnitude that resulted in less functioning of the city as a catalyst for regional development. Further impact is the lagging of small and medium-sized cities (Tjahjati, 1995). The development of urban system is determined by both the comparative advantage and the competitive advantages, such as location, natural resources and human resources (Metropolitan Directorate, 2003), so that in planning the development it should focus on the ability to cooperate or synergize between regions (spatial synergism) either in urban and rural area or on a wider scale, cooperation between cities.</p><p>The purpose of this research was to arrange aspects and decision criteria in developing metropolitan area of Solo Raya. The method used is literature study approach which is then analyzed descriptively.</p><p>The result of analysis showed that in metropolitan area of the world there are 4 (four) main characteristics and problems, they are: (1) city as center of population, economy and government activity, (2) city with environmental problems (air, land and water), as a result of population density, public transportation, and garbage, (3) city with problems in the land aspect (land prices and housing provision) and (4) city with problems on social aspects (criminals and terrorists). The formulation of metropolitan area development planning is done with 3 (three) considerations, they are: (1) avoiding high social segregation between and among regions, (2) creating a balance population mobility and intra and inter-regional services (spirit of togetherness), (3) creating a regional economy (growth, equity and welfare) based on the local potential which has inter-regional connectivity (harmonization). Aspects and criteria are: regional management (spatial planning policy, regional competitiveness, regional marketing, inter-regional cooperation), urbanization (migration, urbanization, agglomeration and conurbation, social integration), economic development (economic growth, employment, economic equalization, urban poverty), regional connectivity (transportation, rural-urban linkage, territorial function), and environment (environmental supporting capacity, disaster risk, environmental degradation, disaster mitigation). The decision priorities include: Industrial City, Service City, City of Tourism and Culture, Trade City, and Agriculture.</p><p> </p>
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Vasyltsiv, Taras, Ruslan Lupak, and Olha Levytska. "Trends and Characteristics of the Migration From Ukraine to Poland: The Aspect of Rural Areas and Conclusion for State Migration Policy." Wieś i Rolnictwo, no. 1 (186) (January 20, 2020): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53098/wir012020/03.
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The authors describe modern global migration trends in Europe and in particular in Poland. The problems and risks for the functioning and development of rural areas of Poland during the strengthening of emigration attitudes and internal mobility of the population are identified. The aspects of the Ukrainian migration as a resource for levelling labour-deficit trends in the Polish labour market are substantiated. The official data of the Office for Foreigners in Poland, the Central Statistical Office, the Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy, the Department of Statistics of the National Bank of Poland, individual organisations for the study of migration between the Ukraine and Poland are presented and the growing volumes and the scale of external labour migration of Ukrainians to Poland are stated (it is shown that today there are about 1.3 million Ukrainians in Poland, which at about 3.5% of the population is a significant value); key changes in the qualitative and structural characteristics of migration are shown. The main parameters of permanent and labour migration of Ukrainians to rural areas in Poland are characterised. An important conclusion is that, despite still low volumes, there are positive trends and the structural characteristics of Ukrainian emigration to rural areas of Poland are improving. The results of the analysis of the quantitative characteristics of Ukrainian labour migration are presented in the context of their employment in types of Poland’s economic activity such as agriculture,forestry, fishery and hunting. The authors determine features and problematic aspects of this migration. The recommendations regarding the development of joint Ukrainian-Polish practices and regulatory and guidance provisions, as well as the priority tools of migration policy, focused on meeting the socio-economic interests of both countries, are justified.
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Wichowska, Anna. "Economic Aspects of Shrinking Cities in Poland in the Context of Regional Sustainable Development." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 3104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063104.
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Two trends are observed in contemporary cities around the world: whereas some urban areas develop rapidly and experience population growth, a steady population decline is noted in other cities. Demographic changes in urban areas are also accompanied by economic changes. These changes constitute a very serious challenge for sustainable regional growth. However, these problems have not been sufficiently investigated to date, including in Poland. The aim of this study was to identify shrinking cities in Poland and the phenomena that are related to the economic aspects of urban shrinkage in Poland. Empirical research relied on analysis of the population growth rate in Polish urban municipalities, and the phenomena related to the economic aspects of urban shrinkage were identified by multiple linear regression analysis. The period of research was 2003–2019. Thirty-three Polish cities experienced a steady population decline. The economic phenomena related to urban shrinkage included changes in own-source revenues, proportions of government transfers in municipal budgets, unemployment, migration, municipal spending on education, transport, communications, and social welfare. Population decline was not related to changes in the age-dependency ratio, public spending on housing, the number of companies, or the number of vacant homes in cities. The research results can be a source of important information for regional sustainable growth policies used not only in cities and regions in Poland, but also in other Central and Eastern European countries where this phenomenon occurs.
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Badmaeva, Nogan V. "Опыт трудовой миграции сельских жителей Калмыкии (по результатам глубинных интервью)." Oriental Studies 13, no. 3 (December 24, 2020): 688–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2020-49-3-688-695.
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Introduction. Labor migration of Kalmykia’s rural population is a pressing challenge for the region. Permanent nature and endurance of the socioeconomic crisis in the agricultural sector of the republic have been adversely affecting the living standards of ordinary villagers. Lack of work opportunities and low salaries result in that the latter migrate en masse to the regional capital and even further. Goals. The study aims to analyze labor migration experiences of local rural dwellers. Materials and Methods. The paper summarizes a number of in-depth structured interviews. The qualitative research methods employed make it possible to view the issue in the eyes of unrelated actual participants of the migration processes, with certain attention paid to their backgrounds and life paths. Results. The work reveals one of the key economic factors underlying labor migration is the necessity to pay mortgage and consumer loans. And migration waves closely align with individual life cycles, such as marriage, divorce, births and even weddings of children. Some respondents reported their migrations were determined by certain adulthood stages of children. All these aspects give rise a new context of family and marriage relations: there emerge guest marriage patterns and changes in gender roles, e.g., in some families those are women who act as migrant workers. Roles of grandparents experience transformations forcing the latter to assume functions of the absent father of mother. Horizontal social networks come to the fore, including territorial and kindred ties. Such migrant labor experiences become a tool of economic strategies and mobility: people purchase dwellings in the city, and support children funding their plans with the earned money. So, migration of parents definitely serves a landmark for future migrations of their descendants. The results obtained attest to that the social profile of rural labor migrants contains quite a share of active individuals intensely motivated to work, ones who strive for better living standards and can adjust themselves to strenuous living / working conditions staying away from home and family.
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Trolio, Jena, Molly Eckman, and Khanjan Mehta. "Leveraging Globalization to Revive Traditional Foods." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 6 (November 30, 2016): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n6p212.
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<p>Traditional foods are important to the sustainability of their native regions because they are often keystone assets to food security, economic stability, and quality nutrition. Globalization of agricultural markets, changing lifestyles, and rural-to-urban migration has contributed to the gradual loss of traditional foods in developing countries. The transition from traditional foods to imported refined carbohydrates, sugars, and edible oils has promoted nutrient deficiency, economic instability, and food insecurity. While the effects of globalization have been largely negative for indigenous foods, globalization is inevitable and has potentially useful aspects. Local champions and international supporters can leverage specific technologies and market patterns brought about or influenced by globalization to revive culinary traditions, strengthen local food systems, and bolster indigenous livelihoods. Such approaches include helping farmers benefit from technological advances in efficiency and economy of scale, biotechnology, post-harvest processing, and smart infrastructure combined with ethically-conscious food sourcing. Trends such as human migration, exotic food fads, interest in nutritious and organic foods, the rise of social media, and agricultural extension and education can also support improvements in local agricultural products and their globalizing markets. Collectively, these efforts can help revive sustainable traditional food production and enhance the lives and livelihoods of indigenous communities.</p>
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Lagodiienko, V. V., and O. V. Shvets. "Current Trends of the State Regulation of International Labor Migration." Business Inform 12, no. 515 (2020): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-12-231-237.
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The problem of labor migration in Ukraine has become relevant in recent years, as it significantly affects the socio-economic development of both donor and recipient countries. As a complex economic phenomenon, labor migration changes the composition of labor resources, creates a new situation in labor markets, exacerbates the demographic situation in the country. The article is concerned with the analysis of problems of labor migration of economically active population in Ukraine and aspects of formation of the State policy of regulation of migration processes. The purpose of the article is theoretical substantiation, development of scientific and methodological bases and practical recommendations aimed at improving the system of regulation of international migration of economically active population in the context of globalization in order to obtain socio-economic benefits from the State participation in migration processes, etc. In the process of detailed analysis of the characteristics of migrants, clear trends in modern migration processes have been identified: migrants mainly are from rural areas of the west of the country; migrant workers are mostly men; younger people and rural residents predominate among migrant workers; people with higher education are less likely to migrate, while people with vocational education are overrepresented among migrant workers; migrants risk losing skills, etc. The mechanism of regulation of migration flows is substantiated – as a set of measures of influence of the State bodies on migration objects in order to ensure the optimal level of migration that meets the needs of the national / regional labor market and helps stabilize the macroeconomic situation in the country / region; tasks of the mechanism are defined. Functioning and effective development of mechanisms for regulating labor migration processes, as a special tool for the transformation of regional labor markets – combines socio-cultural, research and economic functions, necessitates an interdisciplinary approach to substantiate the increase of the competitiveness of the latter. The scientific basis of this approach is the methodology of institutional analysis – a set of concepts, principles and provisions based on the theories of human, intellectual and migratory capital, institutional economics, the theory of territorial migration systems and more.
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Viatkin, Konstantyn. "TERRITORIAL AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF URBAN PLANNING SYSTEMS: INFLUENCE FACTORS." Urban development and spatial planning, no. 76 (March 1, 2021): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2021.76.37-48.
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The article is devoted to the definition of certain aspects of the territorial-spatial development of urban planning systems. The article identifies the basic centers of attraction by analyzing the main economic indicators of Ukraine's development. Based on the analysis of migration links, centers of attraction of the population were identified, which have high indicators of the economic block of functions of the urban planning system. Analyzing the systems of population settlement and spatial-territorial planning, it is advisable to note that meeting the needs of the population and the processes of socio-economic development of territories is determined by determining the zones of influence of individual centers that perform a number of economic, social, environmental and spatial functions. The boundaries of the influence of such centers are determined by a set of socio-economic ties and depend on the scale of the center of influence of its economic development and the degree of urbanization. The largest center of attraction for the population in Ukraine is the capital Kiev. The next cities in terms of attractiveness that significantly affect the migration processes of the population are the cities of Kharkov, Lviv, Odessa and Dnipro. These cities have similarly high indicators of the economic block of functions of the urban planning system. Analysis of economic indicators of the development of territories showed the dependence of the development of the level of wages. The higher the indicators of economic development of territories, the more attractive it is for the population and acts as a center of gravity. However, it should be noted that for further analysis of territorial development, it is advisable to introduce indicators of the efficiency of economic systems, providing workers with social guarantees and analysis of the level of wages, are important indicators of the impact on territorial attractiveness.
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Bokhan, T. G., E. D. Galazhinsky, O. V. Terekhina, A. L. Ul'yanich, and S. A. Bogomaz. "Personal Determinants of the Subjective Quality of Life among Working Rural and Urban Youth." Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal, no. 77 (2020): 68–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/17267080/77/4.
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At present, to solve the problem of the life quality of the population has become an integral criterion for evaluating the effectiveness and success of the state's socio-economic policy. The appeal to the study of the quality of life among young people in its objective, subjective and person’s aspects is determined by the fact that youth as a social group differs from other groups of the population. It is more active, has relevant knowledge and skills, an accelerated adaptation process, greater migration mobility and material needs. It faces the task of self-determination in socio-economic and political changes and the choice of life orientations. The aim is to determine the contribution of personal resources to the subjective assessment of the quality of life among representatives of socio-demographic youth groups with different perceptions of self-realization opportunities in living conditions. The research is based on the newly developed conceptual working model of the quality of life by D.A. Leontiev (2020), which integrates objective, subjective and person’s factors of environmental assessment. The methods used are: the questionnaire «Quality of life and satisfaction», «Life satisfaction» scale, «Self-realization satisfaction index in living conditions», questionnaire «Self-organization activity», questionnaire «Differential diagnosis of reflexivity», «Self-determination of personality and basic beliefs» scale. Sample is 280 people aged 18 to 40 years, including 140 people living in the rural municipality of the North of the Tomsk region (Siberian region), and 140 residents of the city of Tomsk. As a result, we have found out that there is some general dissatisfaction with the quality of life, but the representatives of rural youth are less satisfied with the quality of their lives than the representatives of urban working youth. Personal resources are significantly more pronounced in the urban working youth group; many representatives of rural youth have deficits in personal resources. It is revealed that such a personal resource as self-identity can me-diate the impact of assessing the opportunities for self-realization in environmental conditions on the quality of life among urban and rural youth. At the same time, we have identified specific personal resources that can serve as mediators in assessing opportunities for self-realization in living conditions and the quality of life among urban and rural youth. However, a small percentage of variance indicates the need to refine the results and include new personal resources in the search for mediators of this relationship. The data revealed in both groups on the mediation nature of assessing the possibility of self-realization in living conditions indicate the importance of creating conditions for self-realization for young people, both in urban and rural living environments.
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Namrueva, Ludmila. "Modern Youth of Kalmykia: Attitude to Agricultural Labor (Based on the Materials of the 2019)." Logos et Praxis, no. 2 (December 2020): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2020.2.5.
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The development of rural settlements is interrelated with the state of population reproduction. Various aspects of life in rural areas, including the development of its economic and social sphere, are usually described by demographic indicators. The deterioration of economic and social conditions in rural areas increases the migration behavior of rural residents. Young people aged 18–35 are most susceptible to migration aspirations. The negative social changes that have been taking place in the Republic of Kalmykia for three decades (1990–2010) have significantly affected the irrevocable migration of young people to other regions of Russia, as well as to foreign countries. Youth unemployment, growing social stratification, and a prolonged lack of social elevators increase the gap between actively advertised opportunities for success, a career in 2–-30 years, and the social experience of the younger generation. Rural youth of the Republic of Kalmykia have long been deprived of the necessary resources to realize themselves on their native land. This article deals with the problems related to the desire / unwillingness of rural youth of the Republic of Kalmykia to work in the agricultural sector, migration behavior, and life strategies of young people. Natives of the village, for the most part, do not want to engage in agricultural work, to continue the traditions of their ancestors in raising livestock. The article concludes that the measures taken in the region to address the personnel policy in the agricultural sector are ineffective. Young livestock and plant breeders need state support, as they ensure the country's food security not only in the near future, but also in the long term. The author uses materials of the Republican newspaper "Halmg unn" for 2019, which reveal the problems of young villagers, their plans to engage in animal husbandry – the traditional type of work of the Kalmyks.
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Nagabhatla, Nidhi, and Rupal Brahmbhatt. "Geospatial Assessment of Water-Migration Scenarios in the Context of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6, 11, and 16." Remote Sensing 12, no. 9 (April 27, 2020): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12091376.
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Communities and countries around the world are gearing up efforts to implement the 2030 Agenda goals and targets. In this paper, the water and migration scenarios are explained with a focus on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6 (water-related), 11 (urbanization), and 16 (peace and political stability). The study has two phases. The first phase illustrates the application of geospatial data and tools to assess the water-migration interlinkages (nexus) by employing a case study approach. Three case studies, Lake Chad, the Aral Sea region, and the Nile Delta, representing various geographic and socio-political settings, were selected to perform the multitemporal analysis. For this analysis, a mixed toolset framework that combined algorithmic functions of digital image processing, the Landsat sensor data, and applied a geographic information system (GIS) platform was adopted. How water-related events directly or indirectly trigger human migration is described using spatial indicators such as water spread and the extent of urban sprawl. Additionally, the geospatial outputs were analyzed in tandem with the climate variables such as temperature, precipitation data, and socio-economic variables such as population trends and migration patterns. Overall, the three case studies examined how water and climate crisis scenarios influence migration at a local and regional scale. The second phase showcases global-scale analysis based on the Global Conflict Risk Index (GCRI). This indicator reflects on the risks and conflicts with environmental, social, and political aspects and comments on the connection of these dimensions with migration. Together, the two phases of this paper provide an understanding ofthe interplay of water-related events on migration by applying the geospatial assessment and a proxy global index. Additionally, the paper reiterates that such an understanding can serve to establish facts and create evidence to inform sustainable development planning and decision making, particularly with regard to SDGs 6, 11, and 16. Targets such as 6.4 (managing water stress), 6.5 (transboundary challenges) and, 11.B (adaptation and resilience planning) can benefit from the knowledge generated by this geospatial exercise. For example, the high GCRI values for the African region speak to SDG targets 11.B (integrated policies/plans) and 16.7 (decision support systems for peaceful societies). Two key highlights from the synthesis: (a) migration and urbanization are closely interconnected, and (b) the impact of water and climate crisis is comparatively high for rural-urban migration due to the considerable dependence of rural communities on nature-based livelihoods. In conclusion, geospatial analysis is an important tool to study the interlinkages between water and migration. The paper presents a novel perspective toward widening the scope of remote sensing data and GIS toward the implementation of the SDG Agenda.
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Wang, Yong. "A model of industrialization and rural income distribution." China Agricultural Economic Review 11, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 507–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-02-2019-0030.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how the processes of (de)industrialization and rural income distribution interact with each other and their implications for economic growth and welfare. Design/methodology/approach This paper takes a dynamic general-equilibrium and theoretical approach. Findings The author develops a dynamic general-equilibrium model to analytically characterize how (de) industrialization interacts with rural income distribution, and also explores the implications for aggregate GDP growth, the evolution of rural income distribution as well as welfare. Redistributive policies are shown to sometimes enhance GDP and welfare by boosting the production of the goods with high desirability (or productivity) but constrained by depressed demand due to income inequality, and internalizing the dynamic impact of private production and consumption decisions on future public productivities. Practical implications The research suggests that rural income distribution and (de)industrialization are intrinsically related, so policies or institutional distortions on one process would, in general, affect the other. Redistributive policies are shown to sometimes enhance GDP and welfare by enhancing industrialization. Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature of industrialization and structural change at large in several aspects. First, a key novel feature of our model is that the Engle’s law is captured by a quasi-linear utility function, which differs from the standard non-homothetic functions in this literature. Second, our paper contributes to the literature of structural change by showing how (de)industrialization works when sectorial productivity changes are endogenous. The paper also sheds light on the determination of rural income distribution and its evolution in the process of structural change and rural-urban migration.
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Volokhova, M. A. "DECISION STRATEGY CONCEPT TO IMPROVE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS." Scientific Review: Theory and Practice 10, no. 4 (May 4, 2020): 699–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-4-699-711.
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Modern conditions for the development of market relations leave a significant imprint on all main aspects of rural life. The socio-economic situation of rural households is dangerously dependent on the fluctuations of various institutions, be it the labor institution, the food market or the production system. Under these conditions, increasing attention is being paid to the development of targeted programs to improve the living standard and the socio-economic situation of the population in rural settlements. The article discusses a methodological approach to assess the living standards of rural settlements in the context of municipal districts of the Saratov region, in particular, the Samoilovsky municipality. Basing on the participatory approach, categories of the rural population are determined by income level and a direct correlation dependence of the demographic situation (birth rate, mortality, migration rate) and the level of rural household income are revealed. The parameters of the resource of patience and the boundaries of the passive expectation for the poor and impoverished layers of the rural population, as well as the prerequisites for the passivity of the able-bodied population to participate in the processes of increasing their own well-being and well-being of others are determined. The conditions and parameters of the property status compelling the activation of the use of internal material and social sources of income are revealed. Three levels of decision-making strategies for improving the financial situation of the family are distinguished: employees, employers (agricultural enterprises and K(F)X), authorities (district administration). As a result, a concept of a decision-making strategy was developed to improve the material situation of households in rural settlements of the Saratov region. The economic factor (the size of wages) has one of the decisive effects on all the demographic processes taking place in society.
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Man, Shan, Xiangli Wu, Yongchun Yang, and Qingmin Meng. "An Assessment Approach to Urban Economic Resilience of the Rust Belt in China." Complexity 2021 (September 9, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1935557.
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Urban economic resilience provides a novel perspective on the sustainable development of urban and regional economy. Selecting 37 prefecture-level cities in the Northeast China that also known as the rust belt in China as a regional study sample that has experienced significant economic decline and out-migration in the last 20 years compared to many other regions in China, this study aims to construct an index system using the data collected in 2005, 2010, and 2016. This study evaluates urban economic resilience including five socioeconomic aspects: diversity, capabilities related to revenue and expenditure, innovation environment, trend of development, and openness. We analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of urban economic resilience, explore the key factors contributing to urban resilience and then provide decision-making suggestions to enhance it. We find the following: (1) urban economic resilience in the Northeast China has gradually increased over time, but spatial heterogeneity of resilience was prominent. Specifically, coastal cities were more economically resilient than inland cities. (2) Urban economic resilience in the Northeast China is significantly contributed by the diversity of an economic system and the trend of development, which contribute to resilience with weights of 0.214 and 0.216, respectively. The dominant factors contributing to urban economic resilience are different among diverse urban economic types and size. (3) To enhance urban economic resilience, comprehensive economic cities need to focus on increasing the diversity of economic structures. Resource-based and old industrial cities should focus on raising the innovation environment. Coastal cities should focus on increasing the diversity of their economic structures and creating positive trends of economic and social development. Agricultural cities should focus on creating positive trends of economic and social development.
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GUR, ELMIRA AYSE. "REGENERATION OF THE HISTORICAL URBAN CENTER AND CHANGING HOUSING MARKET DYNAMICS: ‘FENER-BALAT’." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 9, no. 1 (March 17, 2015): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v9i1.459.
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The Fener-Balat districts, located in the Historical Peninsula, are among the most prominent historical and cultural sites in Istanbul. The rapid growth of the city since the 1950s, mostly due to rural migration, has affected the quality of life in various sections of the city including Fener and Balat, leaving them almost completely derelict. The Rehabilitation of Fener- Balat Districts Programme is a joint program of the European Union and the Fatih Municipality (sub-municipality of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality). It was carried out during the period between January 2003 and June 2007. Regeneration, revitalization and rehabilitation of historical urban centers, which have become degraded and dilapidated due to sub-urbanization has been successful in most cases. The gentrification process has also paralleled the resulting socio-economic revitalization and regeneration process. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine and investigate the rehabilitation process and its results in these districts, with special emphasis on the gentrification that occurred as a result of this process. In order to explore how the increase in housing prices in the historical residential Fener and Balat districts after the rehabilitation program affected the social structure and how this process resulted in undesired gentrification, a survey design was conducted and social and economic aspects in Fener-Balat has been analyzed and explored in depth with respect to the individual, immediate surroundings and the urban social structure. The resulting gentrification phase is more important than the preceding phases of revitalization and renovation, because it influences the housing market the most.
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Kizimbayeva, A. B., and B. S. Saubetova. "Relevant issues of social and economic stability of rural areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan." Problems of AgriMarket, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2021-1-2708-9991.02.
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The article reveals theoretical and methodological aspects of assessing the sustainable development of rural areas in Kazakhstan. In the course of the analysis, the authors revealed that economically stable and socially developed rural areas will become the basis of stability, independence and food security of the country. Changes in the number of rural population, natural growth and migration growth in recent years have been analyzed. The main socio-economic indicators of development of the Kazakh countryside are presented. The authors state that the losses are mainly observed in the spheres of professional, scientific and technical activities. It is concluded that the problems of improving the level and quality of life in the countryside should not be solved by the old costly methods. The conditions and opportunities for the development of rural areas are diverse in the republic. In this regard, studies aimed at assessing the potential of rural settlements, as well as the effectiveness of the activities of State and local authorities in ensuring sustainable development of rural areas, become relevant. The generalization of literary sources and foreign experience showed the importance of the main directions of public support for rural residents, the implementation of which contributes to the efficient use of agricultural resources, modernization of production and development of innovative technologies, formation of conditions for the intensive development of small business and entrepreneurship in rural areas, the increase in the employment level of rural residents due to expanding the scope of non-agricultural activities and more fully involving rural labor resources in economic turnover, increasing their level of income.
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Zhou, Tao, Bo Huang, Xiaoqian Liu, Guangqin He, Qiang Gou, Zhihui Huang, and Cheng Xie. "Spatiotemporal Exploration of Chinese Spring Festival Population Flow Patterns and Their Determinants Based on Spatial Interaction Model." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110670.
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Large-scale population flow reshapes the economic landscape and is affected by unbalanced urban development. The exploration of migration patterns and their determinants is therefore crucial to reveal unbalanced urban development. However, low-resolution migration datasets and insufficient consideration of interactive differences have limited such exploration. Accordingly, based on 2019 Chinese Spring Festival travel-related big data from the AMAP platform, we used social network analysis (SNA) methods to accurately reveal population flow patterns. Then, with consideration of the spatial heterogeneity of interactive patterns, we used spatially weighted interactive models (SWIMs), which were improved by the incorporation of weightings into the global Poisson gravity model, to efficiently quantify the effect of socioeconomic factors on migration patterns. These SWIMs generated the local characteristics of the interactions and quantified results that were more regionally consistent than those generated by other spatial interaction models. The migration patterns had a spatially vertical structure, with the city development level being highly consistent with the flow intensity; for example, the first-level developments of Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Chongqing occupied a core position. A spatially horizontal structure was also formed, comprising 16 closely related city communities. Moreover, the quantified impact results indicated that migration pattern variation was significantly related to the population, value-added primary and secondary industry, the average wage, foreign capital, pension insurance, and certain aspects of unbalanced urban development. These findings can help policymakers to guide population migration, rationally allocate industrial infrastructure, and balance urban development.
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Chand, B. J. K. "LAND MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS IN NEPAL: REPERCUSSIONS OF LAND USE POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION GAPS IN REGIONAL AND URBAN PLANNING." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-5/W2 (December 5, 2019): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-5-w2-17-2019.
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Abstract. In lieu of advancement in human civilization from nomadic age to quest for welfare capitalism in recent days, land resources have been one of the most sought after assets for subsequent socio-economic development. The concept of land, once only geo-political has evolved to be interdisciplinary with developmental and managerial aspects in regional and urban planning worldwide making the facets of land management more complex than ever. In the context of modern Nepal, governance in systematic land management appeared during mid-1960 only with establishment of Ministry of Land Reform (MoLR). This paper aims to provide constructive criticism upon institutional fragmentation, and fragile policy and implementation gaps in land use administration which have been bewildering the concepts of regional and urban planning in Nepal. The recitation of this work is primarily based on selected literature review of relevant research on land use planning along with two representative case studies in national context and in international scenario as well. Despite rigorous efforts, the issues of competence in land administration, migration and syndicate in urban real estate remain as the major problems in land management in Nepal. Also, the new state restructuring of federal Nepal has already upraised the challenges in land resources planning for local governments who but seem muddled up in constructing rural economy and strategic urban plan for regional development. Nevertheless, these concerns in regional and urban planning can be addressed through practice of sustainable land management with thoughtful consideration of ambiguities in land use policy and implementation.
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Klyueva, V. P., and Sh F. Farakhutdinov. "Миграционные установки населения Тюменской области." POWER AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE EAST OF RUSSIA 94, no. 1 (2021): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1818-4049-2021-94-1-198-208.
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The article examines migration moods of the residents of the Tyumen region, in particular, such aspects as: the relevance of migration in the public consciousness; intercultural features of moods of the general population towards migrants; migration strategies of the residents. The work is based on the results of a survey carried out in the fall of 2020 among the general population and students. It is shown that the problem of migrants for the inhabitants of the region is not actualized. The respondents are poorly informed about the structure and nature of migration flows and the impact of newcomers on the socio-economic situation in the region. At the same time, there is an understanding of urgency of the problem of depopulation of the rural areas in public opinion. In relation to internal migration, the most relevant topic is movement between the neighboring regions, including due to the continuing relevance of rotational work method, which is characteristic for the northern regions. It has been demonstrated that a significant part of population thinks or does not exclude the possibility of moving from the region. At the same time, moving to a greater extent remains only in plans or is in the zone of delayed decision-making. The main motives for possible mobility are associated with the choice of a more convenient permanent residence, the possibility of higher earnings and career growth.
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Kapustina, Ekaterina L. "WEDDING OF A TRANSMIGRANT: SOME ASPECTS OF STUDYING THE TRANSLOCALITY OF THE DAGESTAN VILLAGE." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 16, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 1083–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch1641083-1098.
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The article is devoted to some aspects of studying the wedding in modern Dagestan through the prism of the problem of mobility in the fate of the Dagestan rural community. Using the example of the author's materials on migration from the Republic of Dagestan to some regions of Western Siberia (Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), the author studies the degree of influence of translocal elements of the way of life, characteristic of many Dagestan rural communities, on the mobility practices associated with the wedding ritual complex, and also indirectly related to this complex economic and social strategies of the Dagestanis. The article shows how the main stages of the wedding are translocated - mainly, the choice of a marriage partner, pre-wedding events and the location of the wedding itself. It is also of interest how the wedding determines the practices of regular and occasional mobility of migrants and their fellow villagers, the speed of movement between the sending and receiving communities and the decision-making about these movements. It also shows the significant role of Internet communication in modifying wedding practices.
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Rosyid, Nur. "EKOLOGI POLITIK DAN DINAMIKA SOSIO-EKONOMI DI DATARAN TINGGI KABUPATEN PEMALANG, JAWA TENGAH." Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2015): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jki.v10i2.72.
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This paper explain the role of state in ecological aspects in the forming of socio economis dynamics in upland Pemalang District, especially in migration dynamic, the expansion and constriction of labours, and their negotiation to the ecological changes. So far, many scholars set out the demographic problems by the issues of poverty, inequality resources, increase of population, labour surplus, and so on. This causal explanation was lack in question on what kind of possibilities force those problems happened. The research has been done in the upland of Watukumpul, Pemalang, Central Java, try to understand how the upland demographical dynamics situated by political-economic and ecological forces. This area is suitable because of vast spreading in changing of farming system: from rice and glagah cultivation to cash crop of Albasia through the reforestation programs and Green campaign. By using quantitative and qualitative method and political ecology aproaches. I assume that the ecological changes are forced and situated by political economic state interventions through policies and environmental condition which both farmer and state negotiation be possible. The result show, there was a changing to develop the new rural econonomic (new plantation) and migration pattern as a part of farmer strategies concerning to the econ omic opportunities and state intervention through reforestation programs. These choices imply to the changing of farmers daily rutinities and their household production.Keyword: Demography, Political Ecology, Economic and Environmental Change, Farmer Strategies, Migration Pattern
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Datta, Ayona. "Editorial." Open House International 34, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2009-b0001.
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The dynamics of globalisation as the increasing interconnectedness between all aspects of social, cultural, economic, and political spaces have seen an unprecedented focus on migrants across the world. Far less discussed though has been the connections between spaces and places during migration - how conceptualisations of proximity/distance, inside/outside; native/migrant; past/present; memories/experiences produce and shape buildings, streets, and urban environments. While it is suggested that the unprecedented movement of people in a globalising world will be particularly significant for cities and urban life, it is also argued that such movement has led to a problematisation of ‘home’ as a particular type of built form in a physical location. This special issue is therefore interested in making the links between three important processes in a globalising world-home, migration, and the city - and their significance for built forms and built environments across the world.
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Wichowska, Anna. "Demograficzne determinanty niezależności dochodowej gmin wiejskich i miejsko-wiejskich." Studia BAS 1, no. 65 (2021): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31268/studiabas.2021.04.
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The aim of this paper is to identify demographic factors that influence revenue autonomy in the municipalities located in rural areas of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland. The first and the second sections contain a review of the literature analyzing the phenomena related to the economic aspects of revenue autonomy and its potential demographic determinants. The subsequent empirical section demonstrates that revenue autonomy of the municipalities was highly associated with two indicators of population ageing and net migration. These findings support the results of previous studies, as well as theory presented in the literature review.
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Borysova, Tetiana, and Hryhorii Monastyrskyi. "SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PRECONDITIONS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE SERVICES MARKET DEVELOPMENT OF TERNOPIL CITY PUBLIC TRANSPORT." Economic Analysis, no. 28(1) (2018): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.01.023.
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Introduction. The results of the research of the social and economic preconditions and perspectives for the services market development of Ternopil city public transport are presented in this article. The population dynamics, migration level, wage level, household composition, household expenditure structure etc. are investigated here. The perspective of transport services monetization in view of the amount spent on the provision of urban public transport in Ternopil is analysed. Purpose. The article aims to identify social and economic preconditions and directions of development of the market of urban public transport services on the example of Ternopil region. Method (methodology). The results of evaluation of quality of urban public transport services which are carried out on the basis of personal interview and statistical review are presented in the article. Results. The survey has investigated the slow dynamics of social and economic indicators of development of Ternopil region through the prism of transport services consumption. The innovative state of urban transport in Ternopil city has been determined as satisfactory one. It has been proved that the monetization of transport services in Ternopil region does not have sufficient financial resources. It has been substantiated that strategic vectors of urban public transport should be based on the creative implementation of European experience and a harmonious combination of economic, environmental and social aspects. The results of the study can be used by scientists and graduate students in the field of public administration, marketing and management, managers of public transport enterprises.
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Pratama, Reba Anindyajati. "The Influences of Migrant Settlement To The Local Community: An Analysis of Socio - Economic Aspect (Case of Ampenan and Sekarbela, Mataram Municipality)." JURNAL PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH & KOTA 11, no. 4 (December 10, 2015): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v11i4.11600.
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Many cities in Indonesia are experiencing the high level of migration as the symptom urbanization process. In the other hand, the presence of the migrant in the urban area will bring changes to the local environment. As the case, Central Statistical Bureau reported Mataram has experienced 31% of recent migration in the province or recorded 36.326 new migrant during 2007-2012. Furthermore, Ampenan as one of the main sub district has been split into Sekarbela to accommodate the pressure of urban demand. This research aims to eradicate the existence of migrant and its influences in Ampenan and Sekarbela from socio-economic aspects. Specific objectives of the research are; eradicating the interaction between migrant and the place, and analyzing the influences of migrant settlement to the local community. This research finds there are different patterns on how lower and upper-middle migrant resided and contributed to the area of Ampenan and Sekarbela. The lower-middle migrant tend to have more influence to the informal sector and social relationship in the old town of Ampenan. The upper-middle migrant tend to have more influence in socio-economic transformation of the local people in Sekarbela due to the need of the new development.
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Lisocka-Jaegermann, Bogumiła, Maria Skoczek, and Joaquín Roberto González Martínez. "Transformation of Rural Communities in Las Huastecas Region in Mexico. Preliminary Field Research Report." Miscellanea Geographica 12, no. 1 (December 1, 2006): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2006-0027.
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Abstract The article contains preliminary report of field study conducted in February 2006 in Las Huastecas Region in Mexico by members of the Department of Regional Studies on Latin America at the Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies of Warsaw University. The aim of the research was to determine changes in socio-economic patterns of Las Huastecas rural areas, as well as to grasp the way local inhabitants perceived them. Open and semi-structured interviews were held with local authorities and inhabitants, in many cases with the same persons that were interviewed during the previous research trip in 2001. Conclusions deal with such aspects of Las Huastecas reality, as further improvement in social and technical infrastructure, intensification of diversification of revenues including short and medium temporal migration to big cities in northern parts of Mexico as well as seasonal migration of rural labor to agribusiness sector. Some limited new initiatives related to small scale tourism, preservation of cultural heritage and aquaculture were also observed. The local inhabitants perceived their actual situation as more difficult than 5 years ago, but we have impression that many of social actors have been more active during this period.
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Petrović, Marko D., Edna Ledesma, Alfonso Morales, Milan M. Radovanović, and Stefan Denda. "The Analysis of Local Marketplace Business on the Selected Urban Case—Problems and Perspectives." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 20, 2021): 3446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063446.
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Local marketplaces and street vendors represent an important segment of trade in a community and one of the initiators of the rural and peri-urban development. Agricultural and other products available at marketplaces and street vendors very often originate from a wider urban surrounding or nearby villages, so both are also an important factor of the daily migrations, exchange of goods, services, and money on the relation suburb-downtown and village-town/city. This study aims to analyze the social segments of the organization and operation of marketplaces, to provide an insight into the contemporary market processes and decision-making, and also to illustrate the future tendencies of the market outcomes of this aspect of the business. Using qualitative data processing, the results of one of the first empirical research on this topic in Serbia and this part of Europe will be analyzed. The results will show the economic, social, and cultural impact that marketplaces have on people’s everyday life and the economy of Serbia, along with defining future development guidelines. Besides, the findings of this research may be used by local authorities, the economy, and communities for future strategic development planning of this market segment. The outcomes may have an impact on future research of other aspects of marketplaces depending on the difference of regions, on one side, and also alternative opportunities for local development in less-advantaged communities, on the other side. Moreover, this contributes to the identification of the differences in the marketplace business management and sheds light on future initiatives for the encouragement of this local/global process.
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Terjanika, Viktorija, Julija Gusca, Jelena Pubule, and Dagnija Blumberga. "Analysis of CO2 Valorisation Options for Regional Development." Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0017.
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Abstract Mitigation of CO2 emissions has become a top-question in international and national arenas, likewise on the city level. Existing CO2 mitigation measures are primarily oriented towards wider deployment of low-carbon technologies of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency measures, focusing on energy production, distribution and energy use sectors, as well as the transport sector. Due to higher CO2 reduction efficiency and the cost aspect, the direct CO2 mitigation options currently applied are mostly oriented on large scale CO2 generators. Meanwhile the rural, sparsely populated regions already suffer from a lack of innovative industrial economic activities, inhabitant’s migration to urban areas and mostly involved in agriculture, land use and forestry activities. They are also “saved” by the public authorities from targeted CO2 emissions mitigation actions, therefore, the understanding of processes within rural CO2 economy sectors, factors, interconnections and effects to the environment and nature quality and finally guidelines to future actions are crucial. To analyse CO2 valorisation options for regional development, a multi-modelling approach combining literature review, an indicator analysis method and a multi-criteria decision-making analysis were used. As a result, CO2 valorisation options and key performance indicators were defined and multi-criteria analysis for regional decarbonization scenarios were performed.
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Moore, E. G., and M. W. Rosenberg. "Modelling Migration Flows of Immigrant Groups in Canada." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 27, no. 5 (May 1995): 699–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a270699.
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The role of immigration in national development has returned to the forefront of domestic policy debates in many developed countries. Two common aspects of the domestic policy debate are focused on the consequences of the concentration of immigrant groups within a small number of the largest cities within any national system of cities and the movement of immigrants from smaller urban places and nonurban places to the largest cities over time. Two challenges emerge. The first is to identify the impact of postarrival migration. The second is to understand the processes underlying this redistribution, particularly if public interventions are planned which seek to influence these internal distributions. In this paper, the authors briefly review the findings of an earlier study on the patterns of both regional and metropolitan redistribution of immigrant groups in Canada. Against this back-drop, a hierarchical model of migration for immigrant groups for the period 1981–86 is developed and estimated. The internal redistribution of immigrants through postarrival migration has continued to be focused on metropolitan areas in general and on Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal in particular. The distribution of previous immigrants plays a significant role over and above that of economic circumstances both in retaining immigrants in a particular city and in attracting members of immigrant groups from other cities.
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Мадреймов Е. "СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ СЕЛЬСКОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ КАРАКАЛПАКСТАНА В ПОСЛЕВОЕННЫЙ ПЕРИОД." International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science, no. 8(20) (November 30, 2019): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ijitss/30112019/6822.
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The article examines some aspects of the social situation of dehkans in the postwar period in Karakalpakstan. During this period, the state takes a number of decisions to increase cotton crops at the expense of grain crops and reduce the homesteads of the rural population. The main source of income of collective farmers was a subsidiary farm, where the main food products were grown. Decline in prices for a number of food and non-food products during 1947-1950. However, food was still unavailable to most, often the shelves of aul shops were empty: some were sold, some were distributed among the executives. Strict control and administration, unfair distribution of goods of mass consumption has led to economic sabotage and migration of the rural population. Collective farmers often opposed administration, but mostly preferred hidden, latent forms of struggle for their own interests, avoiding direct confrontation with the leadership of the collective farm.