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Journal articles on the topic 'Rural-urban migration – history'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Md. Sobur Hossain and Nishat Tasnim. "Rural-urban migration in Rangpur city: A sociological study." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 3 (2023): 006–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.3.1739.

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The phenomenon of rural-to-urban migration has a long history. People’s attempts to move from rural areas to cities originated in ancient times. In this context, the migration history to Rangpur is brief. The history of urbanization in Rangpur began not too long ago, with people from various villages in the surrounding districts settling in the city. Through the lens of economic and socio-cultural perspectives, multiple factors have directly and indirectly influenced migration from rural areas to this city. Therefore, understanding its intricate meanings is only feasible by discussing rural-ur

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Md., Sobur Hossain, and Tasnim Nishat. "Rural-urban migration in Rangpur city: A sociological study." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 3 (2023): 006–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11516051.

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The phenomenon of rural-to-urban migration has a long history. People’s attempts to move from rural areas to cities originated in ancient times. In this context, the migration history to Rangpur is brief. The history of urbanization in Rangpur began not too long ago, with people from various villages in the surrounding districts settling in the city. Through the lens of economic and socio-cultural perspectives, multiple factors have directly and indirectly influenced migration from rural areas to this city. Therefore, understanding its intricate meanings is only feasible by discussing ru

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3

MacDonald, Daniel. "Internal Migration and Sectoral Shift in the Nineteenth-Century United States." Social Science History 45, no. 4 (2021): 843–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2021.36.

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AbstractWe study the relationship between internal migration and industrialization in the United States between 1850 and 1880. We use the Linked Representative Samples from IPUMS and find significant amounts of rural-urban and urban-urban migration in New England. Rural-urban migration was mainly driven by agricultural workers shifting to manufacturing occupations. Urban-urban migration was driven by foreign-born workers in manufacturing. We argue that rural-urban migration was a significant factor in US economic development and the structural transformation from agriculture to manufacturing.

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Qi, Ziwei. "An Overview of Rural to Urban Migration in China and Social Challenges." Migration Letters 16, no. 2 (2019): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182//ml.v16i2.664.

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The rural to urban migration in China represents one of the greatest internal migrations of people in history as rural populations have moved to cities in response to growing labour demand. One major cause of the increased labour demand was the “Reform and Open Market Policy” initiated at the end of the 1970s. The policy amplified the rural to urban divide by promoting a more thoroughly market-based economy with a corresponding reduction in the importance of agricultural production and a greater emphasis on non-agricultural market sectors. As a result, a series of economic reforms have drastic

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Yuan, Bocong, Jiannan Li, Zhaoguo Wang, and Lily Wu. "Household Registration System, Migration, and Inequity in Healthcare Access." Healthcare 7, no. 2 (2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7020061.

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This study investigates the influence of the household registration system on rural–urban disparity in healthcare access (including healthcare quality, blood pressure check, blood test, vision test, dental examination, and breast exam), using data from a large-scale nationwide life history survey that covered 150 counties across 28 provinces and municipalities in China. In contrast to the findings of many previous studies that emphasize the disparity in the residence place as the cause of rural–urban disparity in healthcare access, this study finds that the residence place just has a very limi

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Zhang, Jingwen, James Nazroo, and Nan Zhang. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION AND ITS IMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH IN LATER LIFE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.3042.

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Abstract Although rural-to-urban migration has been well researched, how gender shapes processes and outcomes, including later life health outcomes, has not been thoroughly investigated. Guided by a life course perspective, this study explores gender differences in rural-urban migration patterns and its association with mental health in later life among Chinese older adults. Exploiting rich life history data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we employ sequence analysis to identify the typical migration trajectories of Chinese older adults. Moderated mediation analysis is

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Merkel-Hess, Kate, and Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom. "A Country on the Move: China Urbanizes." Current History 108, no. 717 (2009): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2009.108.717.167.

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Mikhalev, Nikolay A. "RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION IN THE URALS ACCORDING TO THE 1970 ALL-UNION POPULATION CENSUS." Ural Historical Journal 79, no. 2 (2023): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-37-47.

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In Russia, migration processes have always played a huge political and socio-economic role. The 20th century passed for the country under the sign of industrialization and urbanization, which, on the one hand, determined the strategic direction of modernization, and on the other hand, acted as the main coordinates that determined the movement of the population. It is common knowledge that migration from rural to urban areas was the main migration trend of modern Russian history, reflecting the accelerated development of the country’s urbanization processes. The most important source of data on

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Kulu, Hill, and Francesco C. Billari. "Migration to Urban and Rural Destinations in Post-Soviet Estonia: A Multilevel Event-History Analysis." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 38, no. 4 (2006): 749–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37367.

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Researchers are divided on the trends and causes of internal migration in postsocialist Central and Eastern Europe. Theories run in opposite directions: some scholars argue that increasing similarities with Western market economies are explaining the migration processes, whereas others claim that specific developments during the postsocialist socioeconomic restructuring are playing a major role. In this paper we contribute to the existing discussion by providing an analysis of personal and contextual determinants of migration to urban and rural destinations in post-Soviet Estonia. We base our

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Ansary, Rabiul. "Emerging Patterns of migration streams in India: A State Level Analysis of 2011 Census." Migration Letters 15, no. 3 (2018): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v15i3.357.

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This article discusses changing patterns of migration in India using the data from the 2011 Census. In this study, the statistical (growth rate, percentage distribution) and cartographic methods have been used to analyse and map the changing patterns of migration across the states in India. It is found that in India, 37.5 percent of the population experienced spatial mobility in the 2011 Census which is higher than that of the 2001 Census (30.8 percent). The volume of migrants in the intercensal period (2001 to 2011) increased from 98.3 million to 161.4 million, an increase of over 64 percent.

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Alexander, J. Trent. "The Great Migration in Comparative Perspective." Social Science History 22, no. 3 (1998): 349–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021787.

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Sociologists, demographers, and historians of the last few decades have pieced together a dramatically new understanding of the meaning of past migrations. The old story held that industry pulled recently dispossessed rural people to the city, where—along with deskilled artisans—they became part of a growing urban industrial proletariat. For migrants from rural areas, the process was thought to be catastrophic, requiring a total and often impossible adjustment to an urban world that was different in just about every imaginable way. Recent scholars have distanced themselves from this framework.

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Lawless, R. I. "Population Geography and Settlement Studies." Libyan Studies 20 (January 1989): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900006750.

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Oil wealth has transformed Libya, a desertic and sparsely populated country, bringing dramatic demographic changes (Zoghlami 1979). El Mehdawi and Clarke (1982) and Lawless and Kezeiri (1983) describe and analyse the growing polarisation of the population in the north-west and north-east coastal regions which contain the two largest cities, Tripoli and Benghazi. They show that in recent years spatial duality has been sharply intensified by strong rural to urban migration and also by an increase in interregional migration. The concentration of new development programmes in certain urban centres

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Wong, Diana. "Foreign Domestic Workers in Singapore." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 5, no. 1 (1996): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689600500106.

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This paper discusses the regulatory and economic context of Filipina migration into domestic waged labor in Singapore. It places this migration in the history of female rural-urban migration as well as the history of domestic labor in Singapore. Finally, it raises the question as to why domestic waged labor has persisted in the global capitalist economy.

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Hasrama, Ornela, and Edlira Ҫaro. "Residential Migration from the Core to the Periphery of Tirana: Emerging Trends and Patterns." Population and Economics 9, no. 1 (2025): 97–107. https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.9.e120198.

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Migratory movements in Albania have a long history, shaped by the country’s political, economic, and social conditions. These movements are primarily characterized by internal migration, which has significantly influenced territorial transformations, demographic changes, and the organization of economic and social life. The largest cities in Albania, particularly Tirana, have been the most affected. Tirana, which has undergone profound transformation since becoming the capital in 1920, is a prime example of internal migration. The city has seen a significant influx of individuals from other re

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Hasrama, Ornela, and Edlira Ҫaro. "Residential Migration from the Core to the Periphery of Tirana: Emerging Trends and Patterns." Population and Economics 9, no. (1) (2025): 97–107. https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.9.e120198.

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Migratory movements in Albania have a long history, shaped by the country's political, economic, and social conditions. These movements are primarily characterized by internal migration, which has significantly influenced territorial transformations, demographic changes, and the organization of economic and social life. The largest cities in Albania, particularly Tirana, have been the most affected. Tirana, which has undergone profound transformation since becoming the capital in 1920, is a prime example of internal migration. The city has seen a significant influx of individuals from other re

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Harpelle, Ronald N., and Paul Kutsche. "Voices of Migrants: Rural-Urban Migration in Costa Rica." Hispanic American Historical Review 75, no. 2 (1995): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2517344.

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Harpelle, Ronald N. "Voices of Migrants: Rural-Urban Migration in Costa Rica." Hispanic American Historical Review 75, no. 2 (1995): 294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-75.2.294.

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LONG, JASON. "Rural-Urban Migration and Socioeconomic Mobility in Victorian Britain." Journal of Economic History 65, no. 1 (2005): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050705050011.

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This article analyzes rural-urban migration in Great Britain in the latter half of the nineteenth century. Using a new dataset of 28,000 individuals matched between the 1851 and 1881 population censuses, I examine the selection process and treatment effect of migration, controlling for the endogeneity of the migration decision. I find that urban migrants were positively selected—the best of the rural labor pool—and that the economic benefits of migration were substantial. Migrants responded to market signals, and labor markets were largely efficient; however, not all gains from migration were

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Hahn, Hans Peter. "Urban Life-Worlds in Motion: In Africa and Beyond." Africa Spectrum 45, no. 3 (2010): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971004500306.

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Although throughout the history of anthropology the ethnography of urban societies was never an important topic, investigations on cities in Africa contributed to the early theoretical development of urban studies in social sciences. As the ethnography of rural migrants in towns made clear, cultural diversity and creativity are foundational and permanent elements of urban cultures in Africa (and beyond). Currently, two new aspects complement these insights: 1) Different forms of mobility have received a new awareness through the concept of transnationalism. They are much more complex, includin

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Wu, Harry Xiaoying. "Rural to Urban Migration in the People's Republic of China." China Quarterly 139 (September 1994): 669–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000043095.

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The history of modern economic development suggests that urbanization through migration is a result of industrialization. Despite different political, economic and technological conditions in today's developing countries, many studies have found that the patterns of urbanization in these countries are similar to those seen in today's industrialized countries at earlier stages of their development. China, as suggested by its rapid, post-reform urbanization through migration, is not an exception. Nevertheless, China's post-reform experience contrasted sharply with its slow and even stagnated urb

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Le Jeune, Gael, Victor Piché, and Jean Poirier. "Towards a Reconsideration of Female Migration Patterns in Burkina Faso." Canadian Studies in Population 31, no. 2 (2004): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6gs3d.

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This study focuses on changes in female migration patterns during the last fifty years in Burkina Faso. We examine migration paths and reasons for moving between ages 12 and 25 for women of rural origin using event history data drawn from the Migration Dynamics, Urban Integration and Environment in Burkina Faso National Survey conducted in 2000. The results show that female migration patterns are changing in a subtle and complex way. Women are emigrating more out of rural areas and experiencing increased multiple move trajectories. Motives are also less-family driven and more related to educat

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Xu, Hongwei, Blessing U. Mberu, Rachel E. Goldberg, and Nancy Luke. "Dimensions of Rural-to-Urban Migration and Premarital Pregnancy in Kenya." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 648, no. 1 (2013): 104–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716213480792.

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Rural-to-urban migration is increasingly common among youths in developing countries and could affect sexual activities with consequences for premarital pregnancies. We use life history data collected in Kisumu, Kenya, to investigate how the timing and number of rural-to-urban moves are associated with premarital pregnancy. Among sexually experienced young women aged 18 to 24 ( N = 226), 60 percent had moved at least once in the past 10 years and 38 percent had experienced a premarital pregnancy. Results of the event history analysis show that those who experienced one or two moves were at inc

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Gangopadhyay, Partha, Siddharth Jain, and Agung Suwandaru. "What Drives Urbanisation in Modern Cambodia? Some Counter-Intuitive Findings." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (2020): 10253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410253.

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The history of urbanisation in Cambodia is a fascinating case study. During 1965–1973, the Vietnam war triggered the mass migration of Cambodians to the urban centres as its rural economy was virtually annihilated by an unprecedented cascade of aerial bombardments. During the Pol Pot regime, 1975–1979, urban areas were hastily closed down by the Khmer Rouge militia that led to the phase of forced de-urbanisation. With the ouster of the Pol Pot regime, since 1993 a new wave of urbanisation has taken shape for Cambodia. Rising urban population in a few urban regions has triggered multidimensiona

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Goldstein, Alice, and Sidney Goldstein. "Migration in China: Methodological and Policy Challenges." Social Science History 11, no. 1 (1987): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200015704.

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Migration has long been recognized as an important mechanism for allowing populations to adjust to changing economic conditions (Goldstein and Goldstein, 1981; Findley, 1977, 1982). Massive population movements from rural to urban locations were an integral part of the European modernization process, as were movements to hitherto undeveloped frontier regions including ones overseas. Rapid urban growth, due in part to migration, has more recently characterized many of the developing nations of Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

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Long, Cuihong, Jiajun Han, and Yong Liu. "Has Rural-Urban Migration Promoted the Health of Chinese Migrant Workers?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (2020): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041218.

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The relationship between health and migration has always been an important theme in immigration research. This research develops a new approach to test the healthy migrant hypothesis and the salmon bias hypothesis in China by examining an interaction term combining agricultural hukou and migrant status, non-agricultural employment history, and subsequent area of residence. Based on two Chinese micro-databases, CGSS 2015 and Harmonized CHARLS, we conducted an empirical test on the relationship between migration and health. Our empirical evidence suggests that the initial health advantage among

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MINDRICAN, Ioana Manuela, and Elena-Florentina MATEI. "TERRITORIAL MOBILITY OF THE ROMANIAN POPULATION. CAUSES AND EFFECTS." Annals of the University of Oradea. Economic Sciences 31, me 31 (2022): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(2)006.

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For the first time in human history, more people are living in urban areas than in rural areas. Every year, millions of people decide to leave their rural homes and migrate to cities across the country or even across the border. Most of these people want to move to seek new job opportunities and, of course, to improve their lives, while others are forced to migrate because of sudden or slow-onset conflicts or natural disasters, such as rising sea levels, droughts and floods, which are often exacerbated by climate change and environmental stress. In addition, rural populations, whose livelihood

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Baranov, Evgeny Yurievich. "Migration of population in Ural in the XX century: problems of modern historiography." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 11 (November 2019): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2019.11.31467.

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The goal of this research lies in identification of the key problems of modern historiography with regards to the history of population migration in Ural in the XX century. The author analyzes the results of study of migration history in the region, determines the range of questions within the problematic field of the research, as well as the leading vectors of research. An attempt is made to shape future prospects of research work on the topic of migrations in Ural. The relevance of the article is substantiated by the possibilities of fundamental understanding of the historical and modern tre

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Black, Dan A., Seth G. Sanders, Evan J. Taylor, and Lowell J. Taylor. "The Impact of the Great Migration on Mortality of African Americans: Evidence from the Deep South." American Economic Review 105, no. 2 (2015): 477–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20120642.

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The Great Migration—the massive migration of African Americans out of the rural South to largely urban locations in the North, Midwest, and West—was a landmark event in US history. Our paper shows that this migration increased mortality of African Americans born in the early twentieth century South. This inference comes from an analysis that uses proximity of birthplace to railroad lines as an instrument for migration. (JEL I12, J15, N31, N32, N91, N92, R23)

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NAIR, GWYNETH, and DAVID POYNER. "The Flight from the Land? Rural Migration in South-East Shropshire in the Late Nineteenth Century." Rural History 17, no. 2 (2006): 167–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793306001865.

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Using the 1881 census, we have tracked 1172 individuals who left their birthplaces in the villages of Billingsley, Chelmarsh, Highley and Kinlet in south-east Shropshire. This has allowed us to investigate the destinations and motivations for rural migrants in the second half of the nineteenth century. Half the migrants (fifty-two per cent) remained in rural environments; a further eighteen per cent moved to rural market towns. Thus only thirty per cent of the sample moved to truly urban destinations. Furthermore fifty per cent of the adult male migrants remained as agricultural labourers or i

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Cañal-Fernández, Verónica, and Antonio Álvarez. "Explaining the Decline of Rural Population in Spain (1900–2018)." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 53, no. 1 (2022): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01797.

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Abstract The analysis of data at the municipality level from the Municipal Enumerator Books demonstrates that rural population in Spain has declined as a percentage of total population since 1900. A highly granular case study of Asturias, a region in northern Spain, reveals that internal infrastructure and the proximity of a medium-size town were crucial to maintaining population in the countryside. The income gap between rural and urban municipalities, however, also led to significant migration from rural areas.

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STIRR, ANNA. "Ruralising the City: Migration and Viraha in Translocal Nepal." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 27, no. 4 (2017): 667–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186317000360.

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AbstractThroughout the history of movement between country and city in the Nepali-speaking areas of the Indian subcontinent, musical links between cities and the rural hills have integrated emotional associations with rural hill life into the fabric of city life. Songs in the thematic genre of viraha – longing and the pain of separation – articulate lyrical and musical tropes that have come to characterise the experience of moving between hill villages, cities, and back again. This article explores over a century of Nepali-language viraha songs related to labour migration, arguing that as thes

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Kertzer, David I., and Dennis P. Hogan. "Household Organization and Migration in Nineteenth-Century Italy." Social Science History 14, no. 4 (1990): 483–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200020903.

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Kinship ranks second only to economic factors in social-scientific attempts to explain who migrates, when they move, and where they go. A person’s household circumstances are commonly thought to influence his or her propensity to move, as is the presence of other kin in the same community. Furthermore, the existence and location of kin in other communities are commonly thought to affect both the propensity to move and the choice of destination. Much of the international migration literature, accordingly, focuses on kin chains of migration, while much of the contemporary internal migration lite

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Tkachenko, Olga V., and Thi Thanh Tuyen Le. "Socio-Economic Consequences of Youth Migration from Rural Areas to Cities: Comparative Analysis of Russian and Vietnamese Practices." Теория и практика общественного развития, no. 4 (April 23, 2025): 56–62. https://doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2025.4.5.

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The relevance of the topic is due to the importance of migration processes for the socio-economic situation of the state, especially when it comes to rural-urban migration for countries with a long history of agricultural de-velopment, such as Russia and Vietnam. Comparing the effects of migration of Russian and Vietnamese rural residents made it possible not only to identify common features related to the cause of migration (job search, the need to improve the quality of life), but also to identify individual characteristics. The results of the author’s research (in-depth interview) and the a

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de Haan, Arjan. "Migration as family strategy: Rural-urban labor migration in India during the twentieth century." History of the Family 2, no. 4 (1997): 481–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1081-602x(97)90026-9.

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Haque, Ziaul. "Hastings Donnan and Pnina Werbner (eds). Economy and Culture in Pakistan: Migrants and Cities in a Muslim Society. London: Macmillan. 1991. 268 pp." Pakistan Development Review 31, no. 3 (1992): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v31i3pp.325-328.

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Modem economic factors and forces are rapidly transforming the world into a single society and economy in which the migration of people at the national and international levels plays an important role. Pakistan, as a modem nation, has characteristically been deeply influenced by such migrations, both national and international. The first great exodus occurred in 1947 when over eight million Indian Muslims migrated from different parts of India to Pakistan. Thus, from the very beginning mass population movements and migrations have been woven into Pakistan's social fabric through its history, c

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Onwuanyi, Ndubisi. "Between Official Orthodoxy and Received Wisdom: Explaining Urban House Vacancies in Nigeria." Journal of African Real Estate Research 7, no. 1 (2022): 58–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/jarer.v7i1.1128.

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Housing policies demonstrate the importance of shelter in the hierarchy of human needs. Therefore, Nigeria has a history of initiatives, handled by a ministry of housing, to stimulate housing production. However, recently expressed views by the housing minister suggest a new official thinking which, if officially embraced, could have undesirable implications for the sector. The views dispute the much mentioned 20 million-unit housing shortfall; deny the existence of any shortfall because of observed urban vacancies; suggest that all vacant houses are available for use and can be utilised for e

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Hill, Bridget. "Rural-Urban Migration of Women and their Employment in Towns." Rural History 5, no. 2 (1994): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300000674.

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There has in recent years been a considerable focus on migration by historians. We now know far more about rural/urban migration patterns within Britain, both short term and long term. This is particularly so for the period since the mid nineteenth-century censuses. But evidence suggests that mobility, notably among the young and single, was very high from the seventeenth century. Long before the first censuses a steady flow of population from rural areas to towns and cities had begun. ‘Rural depopulation’, we are told, ‘is common to most mature industrial societies of the twentieth century’.

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BRAS, HILDE. "Social change, the institution of service and youth: the case of service in the lives of rural-born Dutch women, 1840–1940." Continuity and Change 19, no. 2 (2004): 241–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416004004989.

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This article investigates the antecedents, experience and consequences of service in the lives of rural-born Dutch women within the urbanizing and industrializing context of the second half of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth. The decision to enter service was often taken by the girl's parents against the background of a distress-ridden household. From the latter part of the nineteenth century, the migration fields of servants widened, with women more often serving in middle-class households in the growing large cities. The consequences of out-migration to these urban

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Goldstein, Alice, Sidney Goldstein, and Gu Shengzu. "Rural Industrialization and Migration in the People’s Republic of China." Social Science History 15, no. 3 (1991): 289–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021143.

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The modernization/development process, both historically in Europe and in developing nations of the twentieth century, has involved the transformation of the labor force from one primarily engaged in agricultural pursuits to one largely involved in secondary- and tertiary-sector activities. This change has often been brought about in stages, beginning with the introduction of nonagricultural work in rural areas—proto-industrialization—as a supplement to industrial development in urban locations, concomitant with or followed by massive migration of the rural population into cities. Proto-indust

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Nikulina, Yulia N. "Rural employment in Russia: Present conditions and prospects for agricultural and non-agricultural sectors." Russian Journal of Economics 9, no. 4 (2023): 351–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.9.112008.

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Contributing to a discussion on rural employment forecast in Russia, this paper systematizes the challenges for the rural labor market: population outflow, weak impulses to develop non-agricultural employment and rural entrepreneurship, changing labor needs in agriculture and a decline in the number of labor migrants. The results of the regional differentiation research show that the response strategies of Russian regions to stabilize employment differ significantly and include active intra-Russian labor migration or reliance on high agricultural state support, development of self-employment

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Grant, Elspeth, and Paul Sendziuk. "‘Urban Degeneration and Rural Revitalisation’: The South Australian Government's Youth Migration Scheme, 1913–14." Australian Historical Studies 41, no. 1 (2010): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10314610903483523.

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Lu, Yao. "Rural-urban migration and health: Evidence from longitudinal data in Indonesia." Social Science & Medicine 70, no. 3 (2010): 412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.028.

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Eyal, Hillel. "Going Local and Global: Internal and Transatlantic Migration in Eighteenth-Century Spain." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 52, no. 2 (2021): 197–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01697.

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Abstract Evidence from eighteenth-century marriage applications in Mexico City and Cadiz reveals that migration from Spain to the New World was primarily an extension of domestic movements from rural to urban areas, not the direct result of transatlantic networks. The migratory dynamism that pervaded Spanish society fueled Spain’s fledgling urbanization in the era of commercial capitalism, as peasants increasingly moved to towns and cities, especially to Cadiz. Many of these internal migrants subsequently used the social capital and other resources that they had accumulated in Cadiz and elsewh

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Sohn, Kitae. "The Migration Patterns of US Female Teachers, 1860–80." Social Science History 39, no. 3 (2015): 339–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2015.59.

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Recently, a shared understanding has emerged concerning the migration patterns of US female teachers from 1860 to 1880, but the evidence is scattered in the literature and largely qualitative. This paper provides a unifying understanding of their migration patterns based on the US census. Our quantitative findings generally confirm the shared understanding. First, teachers more often migrated to urban than rural areas; higher wages and other forms of compensation in urban areas appear to be the reason. Second, teachers born in the Northeast migrated the most, and the majority went to the Midwe

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Potts, Deborah. "MAKING A LIVELIHOOD IN (AND BEYOND) THE AFRICAN CITY: THE EXPERIENCE OF ZIMBABWE." Africa 81, no. 4 (2011): 588–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972011000489.

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ABSTRACTThe formal labour markets and economies of many cities in sub-Saharan Africa have been very weak for decades and this has led to significant adaptations in the nature of the livelihoods of most urban households. The lack of formal and reasonably paid jobs has also had a strong impact on population growth in cities, although this is often not recognized. This article reviews some of these trends and illustrates them with case study material from Harare, Zimbabwe. There, many urban residents have increasingly struggled to get by and their perceptions of the city and their future within i

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Bara, Mario. "Some Aspects of Socialist Modernization in the Croatian Cities." Review of Croatian history 16, no. 1 (2020): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/review.v16i1.11288.

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The paper focuses on the period of socialist modernization in Croatian urban settings, in a country guided by ideologically shaped administrative measures, absence of social pluralism, and private economic initiatives. The socialist regime mainly promoted the announced transformation of social and economic relations, as well as technical progress, in the urban areas, where cultural and symbolic interventions took place along with the technical ones. The socialist city was to become an ideal city that met all the needs of the “working people”. Industrialization and urbanization caused labour mi

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Morris, Robert J. "The Reproduction of Labour and Capital." Articles 18, no. 1 (2013): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017823ar.

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Urbanization in both Britain and Canada during the 19th century was associated with that intensification of capitalist relationships called industrialization. In Britain however, there were nuances worth noting. Industry migrated in from a countryside which was already full of economic activity both agricultural and industrial. Canadian urban growth took place in relatively empty economic space stimulated by the economic activity created by settler migration and commodity trade. Two important differences resulted. First, the contrast between urban and rural economic structures was much greater

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Lucassen, Jan. "The Other Proletarians: Seasonal Labourers, Mercenaries and Miners." International Review of Social History 39, S2 (1994): 171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000112970.

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The emergence of wage labour in Europe has traditionally been seen as a transition from peasant agriculture to employment in urban industries involving permanent migration from rural areas to the cities. In this context migration was often depicted as a flight from the land forced by enclosure or by famine. This particular form of proletarianization-cumurbanization was indeed of major historical significance. Recently, how-ever, many historians have tried to shift the emphasis in another direction. According to one such scholar, Charles Tilly, European demographic growth from the Middle Ages t

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Adams, L. ""Heading for Louisville:" Rethinking Rural to Urban Migration in the South, 1930-1950." Journal of Social History 40, no. 2 (2006): 407–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh.2007.0000.

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Martinez-Puche, Antonio, Salvador Martínez Puche, Francisco Javier García Delgado, and Xavier Amat Montesinos. "The representation of the rural exodus in Spanish cinema (1900-2020): evolution, causes and territorial consequences." Investigaciones Geográficas, no. 77 (January 26, 2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/ingeo.19337.

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Rural depopulation has been a constant feature of contemporary Spanish history and has been amply studied from the perspective of geography. Recently, however, there has been considerable media attention given to the consequences of internal migration. Behind the alarming demographic statistics lies a nexus of processes which have been reflected in the cinema since its beginning. This paper explores these processes at work in the rural sending environment and receiving urban destination through an analysis of six representative Spanish films. The fictional representation through film of a comp

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