Journal articles: 'Rural-urban migration Nigeria Lagos'

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Salaam, Abeeb Olufemi. "Motivations for Gang Membership in Lagos, Nigeria." Journal of Adolescent Research 26, no. 6 (March 25, 2011): 701–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743558411402333.

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The current study explores the major challenges (in the form of risk factors) that may influence unemployed youths’ involvement in gang and criminal activity in Lagos, Nigeria. A combination of techniques (e.g., oral, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires) were used for the data collection. The computed outcomes establish some of the major conditions (e.g., large families, rural/urban migration, poverty, and police corruption) faced by the vulnerable youths before turning to gang and criminal activity as an alternative opportunity to improve their lot in life. The possible implications of the current findings on risk-focused prevention strategies are discussed.

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Popoola, Ayobami Abayomi, Michael Olaitan Olatunde, Hangwelani Hope Magidimisha, Abiodun Amuda, Bamiji Michael Adeleye, and Lovemore Chipungu. "Urban Forced Eviction: Experiences in the Metropolitan City of Lagos, Nigeria." Indonesian Journal of Geography 52, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.40555.

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Urban poverty coupled with housing shortages have contributed to the proliferation of informal settlements and slums. This is one of the complex problems arising out of urbanization and which is piling pressure on urban authorities to use unorthodox methods (such as forced evictions) to ameliorate the situation. This paper revisits the use of forced migration in Badia East Community of Lagos city. Using the human security concept as a framework for analysis, the paper chronicles how urban forced migration is used as a tool to relocate the vulnerable urban poor by urban authorities in their bid to achieve sustainable development. Critical insight into the nature of these migrations was achieved by gathering data using the mixed approach. Finding from the study revealed rampant human abuse through the use of force during the eviction process. The paper concludes by recommending that the government should use best practices, (such as adequate government-assistance) during relocations and rehousing option explored.

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Alonge, S. K., and A. Wadinga. "RETHINKING URBAN RENEWAL PROGRAMMES FOR PANDEMIC CONTROL IN NIGERIA." African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment 2, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/ajhse.v2i1.120.

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Most urban renewal programmes in Africa are conceived as mere urban beautification projects. From Lagos to Dakar, move one or two kilometers away from the city centers and one is faced with filth and squalor that are summed up in two words –urban slums, in which a great majority of city populations reside. In Nigeria, population living in slums as percentage of urban population is put at 50.2 % in 2014, up from 41.0% in 2007. This highlights the rapid growth of urban slums in Africa with rapid urbanization largely fueled by rural-urban migration. Incidentally, lessons from COVID-19 indicate that if the trend in the growth of unplanned slum settlements are not checked, they will become the hotspots for pandemic transmission in Africa, as the slum populations are part and parcel of the entire urban population who indeed are key drivers of city activities in terms of labour supply, as well as their engagements in small scale informal business activities in the cities. In the light of existing knowledge on the potential threat of dense slum settlements to the spread of pandemic, this paper reviews the appropriateness of traditional approach to urban renewal programmes in Africa and makes recommendations for paradigm shift as historical evidences reveal that COVID-19 is neither the first nor the last pandemic.

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Lawal, Mohammed Olaitan. "New Cities In Urban And Regional Development Planning Oyesiku K; Lagos, Nigeria. Longman (2010) Pp 353. Isbn 978 978 026 3577 (Paper Back) Includes Index, Photos, Notes, Tables And Figures, Appendix And References. Price N1,500.00. Approx. $10.00." Indonesian Journal of Geography 46, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.5005.

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For a long time, cities have been regarded as the main source of economic growth and development. However, increased size and density of cities have generated high land costs, rent and transport cost, congestion and pollution, and increased social disorganization. The condition is even worse in developing countries – urban migration, over-utilization of housing and infrastructure, persistent slums, and squatter settlements. This books represents a comparative study between the USA and Nigeria related to characteristics of the cities in both countries. This book tries to address the question “How has the United States of America and Nigeria have been able to address the problems of ‘swollen’ cities and metropolitan growth?”. Outcome of several planned new communities and cities in both countries is of paramount importance to the contribution of knowledge on physical planning approaches globally. The most significant discussion are shown in the final chapter, by giving examples of policy implications and comments on new cities in national and regional development as well as urban and regional development and planning strategy in the global context.

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Sackey, James, Saweda Liverpool-Tasie, Sheu Salau, and Taiwo Awoyemi. "Rural-Urban Transformation in Nigeria." Journal of African Development 14, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 131–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.14.2.0131.

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Abstract Since the late 1960s, Nigeria's structural and rural-urban transformations have been driven largely by developments in its oil sector. Due to increased oil revenues, incentives for the production of internationally tradable agricultural commodities declined and the agricultural sector stagnated. Incentives to produce domestically consumed agricultural products also declined as oil exports financed increasing food imports. The decline of the agricultural sector fueled rural-urban migration. Migration continued into the 1980s and 1990s, even when large parts of the economy - including manufacturing - collapsed due to lower oil prices, unsustainable policies, and foreign debt. Growth in the urban informal sector, fueled by migrants has posed challenges in terms of urban poverty and the growth of urban and peri-urban slums. The government of Nigeria has attempted to stem the tide of rural-urban migration through rural development programs. However these programs have had limited impact and were unable to stem the flow of migrants into urban areas. Key remaining questions center on how to increase productivity in the agricultural sector and at the same time provide more lucrative opportunities in urban areas.

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Okpara, E. E. "Rural-Urban Migration and Urban Employment Opportunities in Nigeria." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 11, no. 1 (1986): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/622071.

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O. Onilude, Olalekan, and Eric Vaz. "Data Analysis of Land Use Change and Urban and Rural Impacts in Lagos State, Nigeria." Data 5, no. 3 (August 11, 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data5030072.

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This study examines land use change and impacts on urban and rural activity in Lagos State, Nigeria. To achieve this, multi-temporal land use and land cover (LULC) datasets derived from the GlobeLand30 product of years 2000 and 2010 for urban and rural areas of Lagos State were imported into ArcMap 10.6 and converted to raster files (raster thematic maps) for spatial analysis in the FRAGSTATS situated in the Patch Analyst. Thus, different landscape metrics were computed to generate statistical results. The results have shown that fragmentation of cultivated lands increased in the rural areas but decreased in the urban areas. Also, the findings display that land-use change resulted in incremental fragmentation of forest in the urban areas, and reduction in the rural areas. The fragmentation measure of diversity increased in the urban areas, while it decreased in the rural areas during the period of study. These results suggest that cultivated land fragmentation is a complex process connected with socio-economic trends at regional and local levels. In addition, this study has shown that landscape metrics can be used to understand the spatial pattern of LULC change in an urban-rural context. Finally, the outcomes of this study will help the policymakers at the three levels of governments in Nigeria to make crucial informed decisions about sustainable land use.

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Ajaero, Chukwuedozie K., and Patience C. Onokala. "The Effects of Rural-Urban Migration on Rural Communities of Southeastern Nigeria." International Journal of Population Research 2013 (September 9, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/610193.

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This paper examined the effects of rural-urban migration on the rural communities of Southeastern Nigeria. Data were obtained using mixed methods approach comprising questionnaire surveys and key informant interviews. Six rural local government areas (LGAs) were selected based on population size and spatial equity from two states of Southeastern Nigeria. From each of the rural LGAs, fifty migrant-sending households were sampled for the study. Multiple regression and hierarchical cluster analyses were used to estimate and categorize the effects of rural-urban migration due to remittances and community projects executed by the rural-urban migrants, respectively. In addition, the Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were utilized in prioritizing areas for development interventions in the rural communities. The regression analysis shows that rural-urban migration contributes significantly towards the development of their rural communities through monetary remittances and the involvement of the rural-urban migrants in community development projects. Based on the findings, recommendations such as initiation of development projects based on the identified needs of each of the rural communities to augment the effects of migration in the study area are made.

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Apata, O., S. Toluwase, and O. Saliu. "Assessment of Rural – Urban Migration in South – Western Nigeria." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 5, no. 1 (January 10, 2015): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2015/9782.

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Nweke, Anselem C. "Rural-Urban Migration in Nigeria, Implication on the Development of the Society: Anambra State as the Focus of the Study." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 9, no. 2 (June 11, 2019): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v9i2.14912.

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This paper examines the implication of rural- urban migration on Nigeria Society using Anambra state as focus of the study. Cities have been growing both through natural increase and through stampede from rural areas in Nigeria. People migrate to urban areas based on the prevailing conditions they fund themselves and the reasons for the migration vary from one individual to another depending on the situation that informs the decision to migrate. In most rural areas, the effect of rural-urban migration was a rapid deterioration of the rural economy leading to poverty and food scarcity. The cause of the phenomenon has been described as the push factors in the rural areas and the pull factors in the urban areas. The objective of this paper is to identify the implication of rural-urban migration on Nigeria society. It is a survey research. Thus, 1200 questionnaire were distributed among the selected local governments in Anambra State. The analysis was run using Runs test and mode analysis. The result of the analysis found the effect of people migrating from rural areas to urban centres on the society to include: increase in prostitution in the urban centres; increase in squalor settlement in the urban centres; and people are doing all sorts of odd jobs in order to survive in urban centres. The paper therefore recommends that the government should make and implement a policy on provision of functional social amenities such as electricity, pipe borne water etc. in the rural areas. Good schools and qualified teachers should be made available in the rural areas and establishment of industries in both rural and urban areas that will to an extent accommodate unemployed youths.

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Balogun, I. I., I. S. Akoteyon, and O. Adeaga. "Evaluating Land Use Effects on Groundwater Quality in Lagos-Nigeria Using Water Quality Index." Journal of Scientific Research 4, no. 2 (April 23, 2012): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i2.7142.

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The study relates groundwater quality to land use types in Lagos State. Fourteen samples were collected from hand dug wells and boreholes, seven each from rural and urban land uses in the study area. Ten parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrate and sulfate) were determined using standard methods. The resulting water quality indices revealed that 58.09% of the samples were rated very poor while 21.73%, 9.08% and 11.1% were rated poor, good and excellent, respectively in rural land use. The analysis of samples drawn from urban land use revealed that 76.55% of the water was unfit for drinking while 14.4%, 6.42% and 2.63% were found to be very poor, good and excellent, respectively. pH, total dissolved solids, chloride, total hardness and nitrate were beyond the permissible limits for urban land use while, pH, total hardness and nitrate were above permissible limits for rural land use. These parameters were found to be responsible for the poor water quality rating in the study areas. The paper recommends a comprehensive effective sewerage system for safe disposal of sewage, efficient waste water handling and control of urban runoff to prevent groundwater quality deterioration in the study areas.Keywords: Evaluation; Groundwater; Quality; Land use; Water quality index; Lagos-Nigeria.© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i2.7142 J. Sci. Res. 4 (2), 397-409 (2012)

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OKETAYO, A. O., and Y. L. OLALEYE. "EFFECT OF RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION OF YOUTHS ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN OGBOMOSO SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OYO STATE. NIGERIA." Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts 11, no. 1 (November 22, 2017): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jhssca.v11i1.1688.

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The study examined the effect of rural-urban migration of youth on rural development in Ogbomoso South Local Government Area of Oyo State. Rural-urban migration is a phenomenon that most developing nations of the world are experiencing due to the gross neglect of the rural areas. In Nigeria, the issue of rural-urban migration is quite alarming owing to the discriminatory centralization of facilities in the urban areas as well as widening income gap between the urban and rural areas. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design while purposive sampling technique was used in selecting 300 from Ogbomoso south LGAs. The data collected was tested by using Pearson product moment correlation and ANOVA. The study established that self-help project had significant relationship with youth out-migration (r = .351*, N= 300, P < .05), community economy also had significant relationship with out-migration (r = .277*, N= 300, P < .05), care for elderly had negative significant relationship with out-migration(r = -.182*, N= 300, P < .05) and cultural practices also had significant relationship with out-migration (r = .198*, N= 300, P < .05). The study recommended that; government should decentralize its developmental projects and programmes in order to accommodate the rural areas. Government should make agriculture attractive for rural dwellers so that they could see it as a profitable occupation and there should be economic incentives to promote adaptation of indigenous skills and technologies in the rural areas.

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Abazie, Ogechi Helen, Funmilayo A. Okanlawon, and Chizoma M. Ndikom. "Adherence to antenatal care among rural pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria." African Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health 15, no. 2 (April 2, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ajmw.2020.0029.

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Background The benefits of early and frequent antenatal care visits include early prevention, detection, treatment of potential pregnancy complications and the reduction of maternal mortality related to these complications. Despite these benefits being explained to them, the majority of pregnant women in developing countries, including Nigeria, do not adhere to antenatal care, as they do not attend the recommended number of antenatal care appointments. Previous research has shown that urban women (84%) are more likely than rural women (56%) to receive antenatal care from a skilled provider. This study examined adherence to antenatal care among rural pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using multistage sampling to select 600 pregnant women from rural areas of Lagos. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect participants' sociodemographic data, knowledge of antenatal care, and adherence to antenatal care. Data were analysed and presented using descriptive and inferential statistics. Chi-square tests were used to assess the association between adherence to antenatal care and knowledge about antenatal care, and logistic regression was used to test the association between participants' characteristics and adherence to antenatal care, with P<0.05 being considered significant. Results Participants were between 15 and 49 years old and 96.2% were married. The majority of participants had poor knowledge of antenatal care (57.1%), and low adherence to antenatal care (71.7%). However, 73.9% had the overall perception that there were benefits to attending antenatal care. No significant relationship was found between participants' knowledge of and adherence to antenatal care (P=0.32). Occupation was significantly associated with adherence to antenatal care (P=0.03). The majority (54.4%) indicated that perceived barriers are the major cause of non-adherence to antenatal care. Conclusions Addressing perceived barriers to antenatal care attendance should increase adherence to antenatal care, especially in rural areas of Lagos.

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Alarima, C. I. "Factors influencing rural-urban migration of youths in Osun State, Nigeria." Agro-Science 17, no. 3 (January 17, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v17i3.6.

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Agwu, A. E., I. Q. Anugwa, and C. F. Ifeonu. "Stemming rural-urban migration through agricultural development: Can Nigeria apply the lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic?" Agro-Science 20, no. 4 (October 27, 2021): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v20i4.5.

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Nigeria has one of the highest population growth rates in the world resulting to rapid urbanization and an enormous increase in the population leaving rural areas and now living in urban centres. In spite of the increased emphasis on rural development, rural-urban migration has persisted mainly due to the farmerherder conflict situation, poverty, lack of job opportunities, insecurity and gross inadequacy of social infrastructures in the rural areas. This mass migration and other factors have put Nigeria in an emergency food and nutrition insecure situation. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, there was already an existing gap in the Nigerian food system, which led to the importation of food items to augment local production in order to meet local demand. However, the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic undermined efforts to achieve SDG 2 as the country witnessed not only a major disruption to food supply chains in the wake of lockdowns and movement restrictions triggered by the global health crisis, but also a major economic slowdown. The commerce, service, and agricultural sectors were the hardest hit by the spread of the virus and the effects are different along the rural-urban continuum. The vacuum created by the migration of people from the rural to urban areas led to reduction of farm yields, while the urban areas were particularly affected in terms of food supply from rural areas as a result of movement restrictions made during the height of the pandemic. More urbanised areas may be harder hit than remote rural areas if connectivity remains broken down, as most food crops are produced in the rural and semi-rural areas. This paper recommends strategies and policies aimed at reducing poverty, food insecurity and inequality across the urban-rural continuum through agricultural development. This will assist in addressing the adverse drivers of migration with particular focus on improving the social and economic conditions of rural areas. Key words: agricultural development, COVID-19, food security, rural-urban migration

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Pam, Yohanna Danladi. "Rural-Urban Migration among Youths in Nigeria: The Impacts on Agriculture and Rural Development." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 19, no. 3 (2014): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-1932120123.

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Osita-Njoku, Agnes, and Princewill Chikere. "Rural-urban Migration and the Underdevelopment in Selected Rural Communities in Imo State, Nigeria." British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjesbs/2015/15420.

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Meagher, Kate. "Shifting the Imbalance." Journal of Asian and African Studies 32, no. 1-2 (1997): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685217-90007283.

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In many African countries, high rates of migration have often been blamed on the "urban bias" in the resource allocations of the state. While the urban areas have benefited from investments, the rural areas have suffered depletion, thereby widening the gap in incomes and basic facilities between the two areas. Inevitably, there has been massive migration from rural to urban areas in search of the "good life." This population explosion in urban areas has had its attendant strain on facilities. One school of thought has suggested that the Structural Adjustment Program would address imbalances by shifting rural-urban terms of trade decisively in favour of rural producers and thereby encouraging a "return migration." Another school of thought has disputed the predictions that SAP would relieve the urban areas of their burden, however. An examination of the impact of SAP on population movement between rural and urban areas in northern Nigeria supports this sceptical view; SAP has not stemmed rural-urban migration.

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Obiefuna, Jerry N., Chukwuma J. Okolie, Peter C. Nwilo, Olagoke E. Daramola, and Lawrence C. Isiofia. "Potential Influence of Urban Sprawl and Changing Land Surface Temperature on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Lagos State, Nigeria." Quaestiones Geographicae 40, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2021-0001.

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Abstract The continuous monitoring of the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and land cover change is imperative for an inquiry into the potential impact of LST on human well-being, including urban outdoor thermal comfort in Lagos State, Nigeria. Using Landsat imagery, this study assessed land cover and LST changes from 1984 to 2019. Land cover was extracted, LST was determined from Landsat imageries and the land cover changes were linked to LST using the contribution index (CI). Afterwards, the universal thermal climate index (UTCI) was calculated to determine the heat stress levels. Findings confirm the presence of urban sprawl and new growth areas in previously rural Local Government Areas (LGAs) eastward, northward and westward of Lagos metropolis and in regions which lie on the fringe of the state's border with Ogun State. Also, a very strong link between high LST intensities and increasing concentration of urban areas in rapidly growing LGAs has been observed. This link further confirms the increased warming of the state, with an increase in mean LST of 2.16°C during 1984–2019. The UTCI which was used to gauge the influence of LST on outdoor thermal comfort ranged from moderate to strong heat stress levels. This study helps to strengthen the case for definite policies and actions which should be aimed at achieving moderate urban development through increased urban tree canopy/green infrastructure provision and carbon sequestration activities in urban design/landscape design, in Lagos State.

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Mbah, EN, CI Ezeano, and MO Agada. "Effects of rural-urban youth migration on farm families in Benue state, Nigeria." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 6, no. 1 (August 12, 2016): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v6i1.29207.

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The study was assessed to determine the effects of rural-urban youth migration on farm families in Benue state, Nigeria during November 2014 to June 2015. Interview schedule was used to collect data from a sample of 80 respondents. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean scores and standard deviation. Results indicate that majority (76.3%) of the respondents were males, middle aged and married. Major causes of ruralurban youth migration indicated by the respondents include inadequate employment opportunities in rural areas (M=3.6), search for better education (M=3.5), inadequate social infrastructure such as schools (M=3.4), poor medical care services in rural areas (M=3.4), looking for money through labour (M=3.4), apprenticeship programme (M=3.2), etc. Findings of the study also indicate that reduction of agricultural labour force (M=3.5), low agricultural productivity (M=3.3), high cost of labour (M= 3.3), reduction on demand for locally grown foods (M=2.9), decrease in dependency ratio in the rural areas (M=2.7), reduction on number of mouths to feed (M=2.7), among others were major effects of ruralurban youth migration among farm families. The study recommends that Nigerian government should provide adequate physical and social infrastructure in rural areas in order to encourage youths to remain in agriculture, reduce rural-urban youth migration as well as sustain agriculture for enhanced food security.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 6 (1): 14-20, June, 2016

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Oladele, David A., Mobolanle R. Balogun, Kofoworola Odeyemi, and Babatunde L. Salako. "A Comparative Study of Knowledge, Attitude, and Determinants of Tuberculosis-Associated Stigma in Rural and Urban Communities of Lagos State, Nigeria." Tuberculosis Research and Treatment 2020 (December 3, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1964759.

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Background. Tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health concern in Nigeria. TB-associated stigma could lead to delayed diagnosis and care, treatment default, and multidrug resistance. Understanding of TB-associated stigma is therefore important for TB control. The study is aimed at determining and comparing the knowledge, attitude, and determinants of TB-associated stigma. Methodology. This was a comparative cross-sectional study among adults in urban and rural areas of Lagos State, Nigeria. Respondents were selected through a multistage sampling technique and interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire, which contained the Explanatory Model Interviewed Catalogue (EMIC) stigma scale. IBM SPSS Statistics Software package version 20 was used for analysis. Results. A total of 790 respondents were interviewed. High proportions of respondents in rural and urban areas were aware of TB (97.5% and 99.2%, respectively). Respondents in the urban areas had overall better knowledge of TB compared to the rural areas (59.4% vs. 23%; p < 0.001 ), while respondents in the rural areas had a better attitude to TB (60.5% vs. 49.9%; p = 0.002 ). The majority of respondents in rural and urban areas had TB-associated stigma (93% and 95.7%, respectively). The mean stigma score was higher in the urban compared to rural areas ( 17.43 ± 6.012 and 16.54 ± 6.324 , respectively, p = 0.046 ). Marital status and ethnicity were the predictors of TB-associated stigma in the rural communities (AOR-0.257; CI-0.086-0.761; p = 0.014 and AOR–3.09; CI-1.087-8.812; p = 0.034 , respectively), while average monthly income and age of respondents were the predictors of TB-associated stigma in urban areas (AOR–0.274; CI–0.009-0.807; p = 0.019 and AOR-0.212; CI–0.057-0.788; p = 0.021 , respectively). Conclusion. TB-associated stigma is prevalent in both rural and urban areas in this study. There is therefore a need to disseminate health appropriate information through the involvement of the community. Also, innovative stigma reduction activities are urgently needed.

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Obiefuna, Jerry N., Chukwuma J. Okolie, Ajiri O. Atagbaza, Peter C. Nwilo, and Folayele O. Akindeju. "Spatio-temporal land cover dynamics and emerging landscape patterns in western part of Lagos State, Nigeria." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0017.

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Abstract Lagos State, which is home to Lagos metropolis and the eighteenth largest urban agglomeration in 2018 in the world, has been characterized by rapid urbanization. An earlier study of the eastern segment of the state revealed dramatic urban growth in previously rural local councils where it replaced mostly ecological assets. For a statewide view of the landscape pattern changes, this study examined the western segment of the state to characterize the magnitude and trend of these changes. This was done with Landsat images for 1984, 2006 and 2015 along with ENVI 5.0 software and FRAGSTATS v.4.2 spatial pattern analysis program. Results show that cumulatively, the ecological assets, which comprised 75% of the area in 1984, have been whittled down to about 34% by 2015 having been lost through urban development. At the council level in 2015, the highest growth areas, in decreasing order of magnitude, were Alimosho, Badagry, Ojo and Amuwo Odofin local government areas. Both class and landscape-level metrics confirmed the dominance and fragmentation of the resultant landscape in 2015 by urban development. In 1984, vegetation dominated the landscape at 55% coverage and was the largest feature with the highest area-weighted contiguity or connectedness index. Thirty-one years later in 2015, built-up areas were the dominant patch with 54% coverage and the highest contiguity and area-weighted contiguity index, higher than vegetation. These findings have narrowed the information gap about the spatial and temporal changes in the ecological assets of the western segment of Lagos State as a result of rapid urban expansion.

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ADEKUNLE, C. P. "PRICE INTEGRATION AND TRANSMISSION OF FOOD GRAINS MARKETS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA (2004-2013)." Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment 15, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jagse.v15i2.1972.

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The success of market reforms in developing countries depends to a large extent on the strength of price signals transmitted between different level of markets reflecting extent of market integration and extent to which markets function efficiently. Market integration is an indicator that efficiency exists within the flow of information between markets. This study examined price integration and transmission of food grains markets in Southwest, Nigeria. Time series data of rural and urban retail prices of local and imported rice, cowpea and maize between 2004 to 2013 were obtained from the Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) Offices in selected States. The degree of price transmission was analyzed within the framework of Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test results revealed that the price series were stationary at first difference. Johansen cointegration results showed that even though two Cointegrating Equations (CEs) exist between linear combinations, some stable long run equilibrium relationships exist among the price series. The study concluded that Rural Price of Local Rice in Lagos State (RPLRLS), Rural Price of Cowpea in Oyo State (RPCOYS) and Rural Price of Maize in Lagos State (RPMLS) occupied the leadership position in price formation and transmission. The study therefore, recommended that policy measures aimed at increasing consumption of local rice, cowpea and maize be implemented, in identifying the leader markets.

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Fox, Sean, Robin Bloch, and Jose Monroy. "Understanding the dynamics of Nigeria’s urban transition: A refutation of the ‘stalled urbanisation’ hypothesis." Urban Studies 55, no. 5 (July 24, 2017): 947–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017712688.

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Nigeria contains some of Africa’s oldest and newest cities, hosts five of the 30 largest urban settlements on the continent, and is estimated to have the biggest urban population on the continent. Yet many of the basic ‘facts’ about spatial-demographic trends in Nigeria have been contested. Most recently, an article published in World Development in 2012 claimed that urbanisation had stalled in Nigeria. In an effort to establish and explain the stylised facts of Nigeria’s urban transition we analyse demographic and spatial trends drawing on diverse sources, including censuses, household surveys, remotely sensed data and migration studies conducted over the past three decades. The evidence does not support the claim of stalled urbanisation: Nigeria’s urban population is growing rapidly in absolute terms and will continue to increase as a share of the national population because of both rural–urban migration and rural transformation. These drivers of urbanisation are a product of persistently high fertility in a context of declining mortality in both rural and urban areas. Robust economic growth over the past decade likely accelerated urbanisation, but even as the economy slows demographic fundamentals will continue to drive rapid urban growth and urbanisation.

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Onwuanyi, Ndubisi. "Between Official Orthodoxy and Received Wisdom: Explaining Urban House Vacancies in Nigeria." Journal of African Real Estate Research 7, no. 1 (July 28, 2022): 58–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/jarer.v7i1.1128.

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Housing policies demonstrate the importance of shelter in the hierarchy of human needs. Therefore, Nigeria has a history of initiatives, handled by a ministry of housing, to stimulate housing production. However, recently expressed views by the housing minister suggest a new official thinking which, if officially embraced, could have undesirable implications for the sector. The views dispute the much mentioned 20 million-unit housing shortfall; deny the existence of any shortfall because of observed urban vacancies; suggest that all vacant houses are available for use and can be utilised for existent urban needs; and attribute rising urban housing demand exclusively to rural-urban migration. In this paper, these views are examined, particularly because Nigeria has ordinarily not been associated with housing sufficiency; Nigeria’s characteristic situation of rapidly rising rents suggest a supply insufficiency; every vacant house may not be available for occupation; and urban migration can also come from non-rural sources. Data for the study comes from the archives, received wisdom on the operations of the housing industry and empirical findings in housing economics. The findings reveal that a lack of data evidence is enough justification for the minster’s dismissal of the much mentioned 20 million-unit shortfall, but not the complete absence of a shortfall. The assertion that vacancies imply an oversupply is equally unsubstantiated by data and unsupported by received wisdom. Also the view that all vacancies imply availability is misplaced; and the claim that urban migration is entirely of rural origin disregards urban-urban migration. The conclusion is that the claims of an oversupply and absence of a housing shortfall are unfounded, particularly in the absence of data evidence, the same grounds for official dismissal of the 20 million-unit shortfall. The study recommends that the ministry should have a “rethink and understand the problem”, particularly how the housing market works.

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Olusegun-Joseph, Taiye S., Mary A. Oboh, Godwin O. Ovioma, Ifeoluwa K. Fagbohun, Uneke Okorafor, and Deborah D. Aina. "Differential Prevalence of Malaria Infection in Rural and Urban Out-Patient Clinics in Lagos State, Nigeria." Pan African Journal of Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/pajols/9102/20(0140).

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Introduction: Nigeria is a country with diverse weather conditions supporting the substantial breeding of mosquitoes resulting in high malaria transmission. Mapping of malaria prevalence in areas with ongoing trans-mission is critical for effective distribution of control interventions. In this study, a cross-sectional survey was carried out in two different (rural and urban setting) endemic communities within a hypo-endemic state (Lagos) of Nigeria. Methodology: The study targeted patients visiting clinics in both Ijede and Gbagada General Hospital between September and November 2017. All patients visiting each of the two hospitals with febrile complaints were recruited into the survey. Blood samples collected were examined using the standard thick and thin films stained with Giemsa. Results: A total of 342 participants were screened out of which 108 (31.6%) were positive for P. falciparum by microscopy in both centers (Ijede centre 90 [43.9%]; Gbagada 18 [13.1%]). Children aged 1-10 years had the highest prevalence (43.6%) in both locations and this rate was significantly higher (P=0.001) in Ijede (63%) than in Gbagada (17%). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in infection rate between male (31.9 %) and female (31.3%) participants in both sites. Conclusion: These findings give an overview of the “freedom of establishment” of malaria in an under-resourced area where all conditions serve as motivation for the breeding of malaria vectors. Distribution of control measures should strategically target rural areas where the burden of infection is high, and inhabitants of such areas have a disproportionate access to health care.

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Jaja Nwanegbo, C. "Youth empowerment, city integration and rural-urban migration in Anambra state of Nigeria." Ubuntu : Journal of Conflict and Social Transformation 8, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 129–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2050-4950/2019/8n2a7.

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Nwosu, A. C., and M. S. Igben. "Stemming the Tide of Rural-Urban Migration in Nigeria: Social versus Economic Considerations." Community Development Journal 21, no. 3 (1986): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/21.3.208.

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Ejidokun, Oluwatoyin O. "Community attitudes to pregnancy, anaemia, iron and folate supplementation in urban and rural Lagos, south-western Nigeria." Midwifery 16, no. 2 (June 2000): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/midw.1999.0196.

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Adewale, J. Gbemiga. "Socio-Economic Factors Associated with Urban-Rural Migration in Nigeria: A Case Study of Oyo State, Nigeria." Journal of Human Ecology 17, no. 1 (January 2005): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2005.11905752.

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Lawal, Olakunle A. "Islam and Colonial Rule in Lagos." American Journal of Islam and Society 12, no. 1 (April 1, 1995): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v12i1.2405.

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IntroductionThis essay provides an explanation of the dynamics of the interactionbetween Islam and politics by placing emphasis on the role played byMuslims in the collision of traditionalism and British rule as colonialismtook root in Lagos. The focus is on the development of a political schismwithin the nascent Muslim community of metropolitan Lagos at the startof the twentieth century up until the end of the 1940s. It highlights therole of Islam in an emerging urban settlement experiencing rapid transformationfrom a purely rural and traditional center into a colonial urbancenter. The essay is located within the broader issues of urban change andtransition in twentieth-century tropical Africa. Three major developments(viz: the central mosque crisis, the Eleko affair, and the Oluwa land case)are used as the vehicles through which the objectives of the essay areachieved.The introduction of Islam into Lagos has been studied by T. G. O.Gbadamosi as part of the history of Islam in southwestern Nigeria. Thisepic study does not pay specific attention to Lagos, devoted as it is to thegrowth of Islam in a far-flung territory like the whole of modem southwesternNigeria. His contribution to a collection of essays on the historyof Lagos curiously leaves out Islam’s phenomenal impact on Lagosianpolitics during the first half of the twentieth century. In an attempt to fillthis gap, Hakeem Danmole’s essay also stops short of appreciating the fundamentallink between the process of urbanization, symbolized in this caseby colonial rule, and the vanguard role played by Muslims in the inevitableclash of tradition and colonial rule in Lagos between 1900 and 1950.

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Dissanayake, DMSLB, Takehiro Morimoto, Yuji Murayama, Manjula Ranagalage, and Hepi H. Handayani. "Impact of Urban Surface Characteristics and Socio-Economic Variables on the Spatial Variation of Land Surface Temperature in Lagos City, Nigeria." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010025.

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The urban heat island (UHI) and its consequences have become a key research focus of various disciplines because of its negative externalities on urban ecology and the total livability of cities. Identifying spatial variation of the land surface temperature (LST) provides a clear picture to understand the UHI phenomenon, and it will help to introduce appropriate mitigation technique to address the advanced impact of UHI. Hence, the aim of the research is to examine the spatial variation of LST concerning the UHI phenomenon in rapidly urbanizing Lagos City. Four variables were examined to identify the impact of urban surface characteristics and socio-economic activities on LST. The gradient analysis was employed to assess the distribution outline of LST from the city center point to rural areas over the vegetation and built-up areas. Partial least square (PLS) regression analysis was used to assess the correlation and statistically significance of the variables. Landsat data captured in 2002 and 2013 were used as primary data sources and other gridded data, such as PD and FFCOE, were employed. The results of the analyses show that the distribution pattern of the LST in 2002 and 2013 has changed over the study period as results of changing urban surface characteristics (USC) and the influence of socio-economic activities. LST has a strong positive relationship with NDBI and a strong negative relationship with NDVI. The rapid development of Lagos City has been directly affected by conversion more green areas to build up areas over the time, and it has resulted in formulating more surface urban heat island (SUHI). Further, the increasing population and their socio-economic activities including industrialization and infrastructure development have also caused a significant impact on LST changes. We recommend that the results of this research be used as a proxy tool to introduce appropriate landscape and town planning in a sustainable viewpoint to make healthier and livable urban environments in Lagos City, Nigeria

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Chukwuemeka Nweke, Anselem. "Investigating Rural – Urban Migration in Developing Countries of the World a Focus in Nigeria." Journal of Public Policy and Administration 3, no. 3 (2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jppa.20190303.12.

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Ango, A. K., S. A. Ibrahim, A. A. Yakubu, and T. Usman. "Determination of Socio-economic Factors Influencing Youth Rural-Urban Migration in Sokoto State, Nigeria." Journal of Human Ecology 45, no. 3 (March 2014): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2014.11906695.

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Senbanjo, IdowuO, IbiyemiO Olayiwola, and WasiuA O. Afolabi. "Dietary practices and nutritional status of under-five children in rural and urban communities of Lagos State, Nigeria." Nigerian Medical Journal 57, no. 6 (2016): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0300-1652.193854.

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Anierobi, Christopher, and Cletus O. Obasi. "Urbanization and Rural-Urban Migration: Toward Involving the Church in Addressing Pro-Poor Urban Housing Challenges in Enugu, Nigeria." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211040123.

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Policy measures of governments toward addressing urban housing provisions seem to neglect the urban poor, especially in Nigeria. Presently, the world population estimated at 50% urban is aggravated by rural-urban migration. This is true of Enugu city in Nigeria, where urban housing challenges affect the poor residents. Enugu is one of the major Christian populaces in Nigeria where the Catholic Church is conspicuously a fulcrum for socioeconomic attractions. This makes it imperative for the Catholic Church to be involved in addressing pro-poor housing challenges. This study therefore examined urban public housing provision in Enugu metropolis with a view to determine pro-poor housing policy delivery involving the Catholic Church. Mixed research method was adopted. Interviews and observations were conducted randomly within the identified 23 informal/slum or squatter settlements adjourning the 18 formal neighborhoods of Enugu metropolis while the social inclusion theory formed the basis of the study. Findings showed that the identified 118 Catholic parishes also canonically engage in socioeconomic development of the neighborhoods as the available public housing provisions in Enugu were skewed away from the urban majority who are low-income earners. This indicates poor government attention to the housing needs of low-income households who resort to informal/squatter settlements. This article therefore recommends Catholic Church-Government collaboration toward inclusive, holistic, and proactive pro-poor housing delivery in Enugu. Effective utilization of housing cooperative societies, as well as a single-digit interest loan package for housing finance, was also recommended for the Government-Church collaboration to achieve inclusive social housing delivery in the city.

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UG, Anyanwu, Osuji EE, Nwaiwu IUO, Tim-Ashama AC, Ibekwe CC, Osuala MO, Eze EU, and Praise CN. "Effects of Demographic Factors on Population Dynamics in Imo State, Nigeria; Implications for Farm Labor Availability and Supply." Agriculture and Food Sciences Research 9, no. 1 (March 11, 2022): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/aesr.v9i1.3768.

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The study assessed the effects of demographic factors on population dynamics in Imo State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used select 60 respondents. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the ordinary least square regression technique. Results showed that the area was dominated by female farmers 56.7%, and are married 66.7%. Most of the farming lands used was inherited, with more of hired laborers 76.7% used due to rural-urban drift. Results also showed that over 70% of the people migrated from rural to urban communities. Result further showed that age, gender, educational status, income level and poverty index were important and significant factors affecting population dynamics (expressed as index of rural–urban migration). The study recommended the crop farmers to join cooperative societies to raise funds to support large-scale production while the government is to provide basic rural infrastructures to checkmate rural-urban drift in the area.

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Bassett, R., P. J. Young, G. S. Blair, F. Samreen, and W. Simm. "The Megacity Lagos and Three Decades of Urban Heat Island Growth." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 59, no. 12 (December 2020): 2041–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-20-0059.1.

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AbstractLagos, Nigeria, is rapidly urbanizing and is one of the fastest-growing cities in the world, with a population that is increasing at almost 500 000 people per year. Yet the impacts on Lagos’s local climate via its urban heat island (UHI) have not been well explored. Considering that the tropics already have year-round high temperatures and humidity, small changes are very likely to tip these regions over heat-health thresholds. Using a well-established model, but with an extended investigation of uncertainty, we explore the impact of Lagos’s recent urbanization on its UHI. Following a multiphysics evaluation, our simulations, against the background of an unusually warm period in February 2016 (during which temperatures regularly exceeded 36°C), show a 0.44°C ensemble-time-mean increase in nighttime UHI intensity between 1984 and 2016. The true scale of the impact is seen spatially as the area over which ensemble-time-mean UHIs exceed 1°C was found to increase steeply from 254 km2 in 1984 to 1572 km2 in 2016. The rate of warming within Lagos will undoubtedly have a high impact because of the size of the population (12+ million) already at risk from excess heat. Significant warming and modifications to atmospheric boundary layer heights are also found in rural areas downwind, directly caused by the city. However, there is limited long-term climate monitoring in Lagos or many similarly expanding cities, particularly in the tropics. As such, our modeling can only be an indication of this impact of urbanization, and we highlight the urgent need to deploy instrumentation.

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Ozden, Ozge, Salih Gücel, Mukhtar Sabiu Yahuza, and Buket Asilsoy. "The impact of rural-urban migration and its effects on urbanisation in Kano State, Nigeria." International Journal of Global Environmental Issues 1, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgenvi.2021.10036873.

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Yahuza, Mukhtar Sabiu, Buket Asilsoy, Salih Gücel, and Özge Özden. "The impact of rural-urban migration and its effects on urbanisation in Kano State, Nigeria." International Journal of Global Environmental Issues 20, no. 2/3/4 (2021): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgenvi.2021.120984.

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OFUOKU, Albert. "Examination of Urban-Rural Migration in Delta State, Nigeria: Implications for the Agricultural Extension Service." Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University 32, no. 2015-2 (January 1, 2015): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.13002/jafag745.

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Adeleke, Benjamin Oluwafemi. "Need for Emergency response to Wetlands Loss in Southwestern Nigeria: A Review." Ghana Journal of Geography 14, no. 3 (December 18, 2022): 90–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjg.v14i3.4.

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Southwestern Nigeria's wetlands are assaulted, degraded, and lost, especially to agricultural development and urban expansions, while the rural wetlands losses are due to agriculture but temporal in nature, loss to urban developments are permanent. To examine the extent, influence, and potential of the degradation, the review covered the six states of the region, revealing losses due to wetlands destruction in the region between 1965 and 2019. Wetlands in Lagos reduced from 708.96ha (52.68%) in 1965 to 7.10ha (0.53%) in 2005, Eleyele Wetland in Oyo State, (Riparian), reduced consistently from (1.25 km2) in 1984 to (0.98 km2) 1994, (0.70 km2) 2004 and finally (0.42 km2) in 2014. Eriti forested wetlands of Ogun State lost about 45.32% between 1972 and 2015; in Ondo State, Akure South Local Government Area Wetlands decreased from 98.90 km2 (30.13%) in 1999 to 90.33 km2 in 2009 (27.52%); Ilesa wetlands, in Osun State decreased from 258 hectares to 89 hectares between 1986 and 2002. The above scenarios in the region imply that in a short while, the wetlands would be completely lost, most importantly to the uncontrolled urban developments. Therefore, there is an urgent need for all hands to be on deck to protect wetlands by considering them as endangered ecosystems.

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Rufai, Adedoyin Mistura, Adebayo Isaiah Ogunniyi, Kabir Kayode Salman, Mutiat Bukola Salawu, and Abiodun Olusola Omotayo. "Rural Transformation and Labor Market Outcomes among Rural Youths in Nigeria." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 13794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413794.

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In Nigeria, unemployment in rural areas translates to economic problems, such as high levels of rural–urban migration. Interventions aimed at promoting rural transformation and development are designed to generate employment by promoting the growth of sectors such as manufacturing and services in rural areas. In this study, the General Household Survey (GHS) panel data for the post-planting and post-harvest periods of the 2011/2012 and 2015/2016 cropping seasons for Nigeria was used to investigate developments in rural areas in Nigeria between 2011 and 2015, and identified how these developments influenced labor market outcomes among rural youths. Fixed effect models were employed to control for unobserved heterogeneity that may exist because of the different years in the data used. Key levers of sustainable social and economic development, such as access to finance, health services, markets, and infrastructure such as electricity, were considered. The empirical results from the study revealed that being educated as well as having access to infrastructure and information had positive effects on the number of youths that took up wage/salary employment in the rural areas. The study concluded that the diversification of youths into other sectors would have higher growth effects on the development of rural areas, as they can invest more in agriculture, while also reducing the level of dependence on the sector. The study recommends an increase in budgetary allocations for education and rural development projects, with a special focus on electricity and financial institutions, while increasing access to information on available job opportunities.

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Shettima, Kole Ahmed. "Ecology, Identity, Developmentalism and Displacement in Northern Nigeria." Journal of Asian and African Studies 32, no. 1-2 (1997): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685217-90007282.

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While the Nigerian state, in association with multilateral institutions, seized the opportunity of the 1972-1974 drought and the resulting famine to introduce large scale mechanized irrigation schemes as "development" projects, the repercussions of such projects on the people so affected has been largely ignored. As the projects in Bakolori and Kano demonstrate, however, state intervention has had a negative impact and has led to massive displacement of communities. As a result, rural-urban migration has intensified with the consequence of increased social conflict, including the Maitatsine rising of the 1980s.

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Abiola, Abidemi, and Rasak A. Adefabi. "Rural Structural Transformation and Agricultural Productivity in Nigeria." Athens Journal of Business & Economics 8, no. 2 (January 5, 2022): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajbe.8-2-2.

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Rural structural transformation is best defined as structural changes in the rural areas occasioned by government policies and programmes with the intention of altering the contributions of major sector of the economy for the enhancement of agricultural sector. The study aimed at investigating the impact of rural structural transformation on agricultural productivity in Nigeria. The methodology adopted for the study was Structural Autoregression (SVAR). Six variables of expenditure on education (EXPE), expenditure on health (EXPH), expenditure on electricity (EXPEL), expenditure on telecommunication (EXPTC), expenditure on roads and construction (EXPRC) and expenditure on agriculture (EXPA). Of the six explanatory variables only expenditure on agriculture was found to be negatively related to agricultural productivity, while the others were positively related to it. Several reasons of which of official corruption by the handlers of agricultural funds could possibly be one of the reasons for the negative relationship between expenditure on agriculture and agricultural productivity. Among many other recommendations was the need to provide clinics and health centres to the rural areas, provision of good and accessible roads, provision of electricity and internet facilities. This will act as motivating factors in curbing rural-urban migration, and by extension improve the lots of agricultural productivity in Nigeria. Keywords: rural, structural transformation, agricultural productivity, agricultural policies and structural VAR

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Balogun, MobolanleR, OluchiA Okpalugo, AdedoyinO Ogunyemi, and AdekemiO Sekoni. "Knowledge, attitude, and practice of breastfeeding: A comparative study of mothers in urban and rural communities of Lagos, Southwest Nigeria." Nigerian Medical Journal 58, no. 4 (2017): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/nmj.nmj_289_16.

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Kakwagh, Venatus V. "The Link between Rural-Urban Migration of Youth and Crime in Anyigba Town, Kogi State-Nigeria." International journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research 3, no. 3 (2019): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.3.3.2.

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Wang, Dongqing, Angela Chukwu, Mary Mwanyika-Sando, Sulemana Watara Abubakari, Nega Assefa, Isabel Madzorera, Elena C. Hemler, et al. "COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its determinants among sub-Saharan African adolescents." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 10 (October 5, 2022): e0000611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000611.

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COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adolescents poses a challenge to the global effort to control the pandemic. This multi-country survey aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa between July and December 2021. The survey was conducted using computer-assisted telephone interviewing among adolescents in five sub-Saharan African countries, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, and Tanzania. A rural area and an urban area were included in each country (except Ghana, which only had a rural area), with approximately 300 adolescents in each area and 2662 in total. Sociodemographic characteristics and perceptions and attitudes on COVID-19 vaccines were measured. Vaccine hesitancy was defined as definitely not getting vaccinated or being undecided on whether to get vaccinated if a COVID-19 vaccine were available. Log-binomial models were used to calculate the adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between potential determinants and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The percentage of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was 14% in rural Kersa, 23% in rural Ibadan, 31% in rural Nouna, 32% in urban Ouagadougou, 37% in urban Addis Ababa, 48% in rural Kintampo, 65% in urban Lagos, 76% in urban Dar es Salaam, and 88% in rural Dodoma. Perceived low necessity, concerns about vaccine safety, and concerns about vaccine effectiveness were the leading reasons for hesitancy. Healthcare workers, parents or family members, and schoolteachers had the greatest impacts on vaccine willingness. Perceived lack of safety (aPR: 3.52; 95% CI: 3.00, 4.13) and lack of effectiveness (aPR: 3.46; 95% CI: 2.97, 4.03) were associated with greater vaccine hesitancy. The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adolescents is alarmingly high across the five sub-Saharan African countries, especially in Tanzania. COVID-19 vaccination campaigns among sub-Saharan African adolescents should address their concerns and misconceptions about vaccine safety and effectiveness.

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Ikelegbe, OO, and DA Edokpa. "Agricultural production, food and nutrition security in rural Benin, Nigeria." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 13, no. 60 (December 23, 2013): 8388–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.60.12585.

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Although agriculture is t he major economic activity in Nigerian rural areas , its inhabitants are among the most vulnerable to food and nutrition insecurity. Therefore, any effort aimed at minimizing food and nutrition insecurity must start from rural areas. This study examines agricultural production, food and nutrition security in rural areas of the Benin region in Nigeria , highlighting the major constraints . A measure of household food and nutrition security used in this study is based on dietary intake, real wage rates, employment , and incidence of illness and adequacy norms. This study is based on a food frequency questionnaire survey administered using systematic random sampling technique , participatory assessment technique, interviews with stakeholders and published materials . So me indices employed in measuring food and nutrition security i n this paper are physical access , which is measured in relation to availability of agricultural infrastructure such as roads , while economic access is measured in terms of income, expenditure and estimated profit margins. Two pre - tested questionnaires were administered in 20 rural communities in the Benin region to elicit information from respondents were analysed using simple descriptive techniques like charts, tables and percentages. Subsistence agriculture is the main stay of the studied rural economies and is dependent mainly on rain - fed, low - technology - driven cultivation with no access to modern farm inputs. Farming alone is the main source of income for 57% of the respondents , while fishing and trading account for the other 43%. T he study reveal s that although 60% of respondents are engaged in agriculture, their access to food and nutrition is in secure due in part to unstable incomes , seasonality of harvest and inadequate health and sanitary conditions . Also, lack of storage facilities in these rural communities has increased post - harvest losses and has reduced farmers ’ /household incomes , thereby worsening their food insecurity situation . The study also found that rural - urban migration result s in shortage of manpower for agricultural activities . L ack of access to fertilizer and poor infrastructure are major factors for the decline in agricultural production in the last five years in the sampled communities. The study recommends t he need for a considerable and sustained government investment in agriculture and the provision of basic facilities to support education, health care, sanitation and safe drinking water supply . This will help to ensure food and nutrition security and help to curtail rural – urban migration .

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Shittu, Afeez Kolawole, Kikelomo Aboyowa Mbada, and Temitayo Isaac Odeyemi. "Evaluating the Impact and Effectiveness of Community-Based Health Insurance Policy Among Informal Sector in Lagos State Using Donabedian Model." International Journal of Public and Private Perspectives on Healthcare, Culture, and the Environment 5, no. 2 (July 2021): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijppphce.2021070105.

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The study used the Donabedian model (process, structure, and outcome) to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of the Community Based Health Insurance Scheme (CBHIS) among informal sector population in rural and semi-urban areas of Lagos State, and the respondents were drawn among the market men and women, motorist, among others. Three hundred and eighty-four (384) respondents were sampled based on the research advisor's sampling size. Lagos State is stratified along with its three senatorial districts and a local government each is purposively selected based on the full implementation of CBHIS. Data were analysed using descriptive and interferential statistics and the result revealed that 55% of respondents attested to the effectiveness of CBHIS in drastically reducing the cost of medical services and enhancing equal accessibility for healthcare needs. On the other hand, the implementation of CBHIS has no significant impact on healthcare service delivery due to the unfriendly attitude of healthcare providers towards the beneficiaries. The study concluded by providing information on the outcomes of CBHIS implementation at the sub-national level of government in Nigeria and suggest ways of improvement.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rural-urban migration Nigeria Lagos'

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