Journal articles: 'Rural-urban migration – Nigeria'

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Okpara, E. E. "Rural-Urban Migration and Urban Employment Opportunities in Nigeria." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 11, no. 1 (1986): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/622071.

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Nweke, Anselem C. "Rural-Urban Migration in Nigeria, Implication on the Development of the Society: Anambra State as the Focus of the Study." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 9, no. 2 (June 11, 2019): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v9i2.14912.

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This paper examines the implication of rural- urban migration on Nigeria Society using Anambra state as focus of the study. Cities have been growing both through natural increase and through stampede from rural areas in Nigeria. People migrate to urban areas based on the prevailing conditions they fund themselves and the reasons for the migration vary from one individual to another depending on the situation that informs the decision to migrate. In most rural areas, the effect of rural-urban migration was a rapid deterioration of the rural economy leading to poverty and food scarcity. The cause of the phenomenon has been described as the push factors in the rural areas and the pull factors in the urban areas. The objective of this paper is to identify the implication of rural-urban migration on Nigeria society. It is a survey research. Thus, 1200 questionnaire were distributed among the selected local governments in Anambra State. The analysis was run using Runs test and mode analysis. The result of the analysis found the effect of people migrating from rural areas to urban centres on the society to include: increase in prostitution in the urban centres; increase in squalor settlement in the urban centres; and people are doing all sorts of odd jobs in order to survive in urban centres. The paper therefore recommends that the government should make and implement a policy on provision of functional social amenities such as electricity, pipe borne water etc. in the rural areas. Good schools and qualified teachers should be made available in the rural areas and establishment of industries in both rural and urban areas that will to an extent accommodate unemployed youths.

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Ajaero, Chukwuedozie K., and Patience C. Onokala. "The Effects of Rural-Urban Migration on Rural Communities of Southeastern Nigeria." International Journal of Population Research 2013 (September 9, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/610193.

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This paper examined the effects of rural-urban migration on the rural communities of Southeastern Nigeria. Data were obtained using mixed methods approach comprising questionnaire surveys and key informant interviews. Six rural local government areas (LGAs) were selected based on population size and spatial equity from two states of Southeastern Nigeria. From each of the rural LGAs, fifty migrant-sending households were sampled for the study. Multiple regression and hierarchical cluster analyses were used to estimate and categorize the effects of rural-urban migration due to remittances and community projects executed by the rural-urban migrants, respectively. In addition, the Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were utilized in prioritizing areas for development interventions in the rural communities. The regression analysis shows that rural-urban migration contributes significantly towards the development of their rural communities through monetary remittances and the involvement of the rural-urban migrants in community development projects. Based on the findings, recommendations such as initiation of development projects based on the identified needs of each of the rural communities to augment the effects of migration in the study area are made.

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Apata, O., S. Toluwase, and O. Saliu. "Assessment of Rural – Urban Migration in South – Western Nigeria." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 5, no. 1 (January 10, 2015): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2015/9782.

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OKETAYO, A. O., and Y. L. OLALEYE. "EFFECT OF RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION OF YOUTHS ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN OGBOMOSO SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OYO STATE. NIGERIA." Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts 11, no. 1 (November 22, 2017): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jhssca.v11i1.1688.

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The study examined the effect of rural-urban migration of youth on rural development in Ogbomoso South Local Government Area of Oyo State. Rural-urban migration is a phenomenon that most developing nations of the world are experiencing due to the gross neglect of the rural areas. In Nigeria, the issue of rural-urban migration is quite alarming owing to the discriminatory centralization of facilities in the urban areas as well as widening income gap between the urban and rural areas. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design while purposive sampling technique was used in selecting 300 from Ogbomoso south LGAs. The data collected was tested by using Pearson product moment correlation and ANOVA. The study established that self-help project had significant relationship with youth out-migration (r = .351*, N= 300, P < .05), community economy also had significant relationship with out-migration (r = .277*, N= 300, P < .05), care for elderly had negative significant relationship with out-migration(r = -.182*, N= 300, P < .05) and cultural practices also had significant relationship with out-migration (r = .198*, N= 300, P < .05). The study recommended that; government should decentralize its developmental projects and programmes in order to accommodate the rural areas. Government should make agriculture attractive for rural dwellers so that they could see it as a profitable occupation and there should be economic incentives to promote adaptation of indigenous skills and technologies in the rural areas.

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Mbah, EN, CI Ezeano, and MO Agada. "Effects of rural-urban youth migration on farm families in Benue state, Nigeria." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 6, no. 1 (August 12, 2016): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v6i1.29207.

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The study was assessed to determine the effects of rural-urban youth migration on farm families in Benue state, Nigeria during November 2014 to June 2015. Interview schedule was used to collect data from a sample of 80 respondents. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean scores and standard deviation. Results indicate that majority (76.3%) of the respondents were males, middle aged and married. Major causes of ruralurban youth migration indicated by the respondents include inadequate employment opportunities in rural areas (M=3.6), search for better education (M=3.5), inadequate social infrastructure such as schools (M=3.4), poor medical care services in rural areas (M=3.4), looking for money through labour (M=3.4), apprenticeship programme (M=3.2), etc. Findings of the study also indicate that reduction of agricultural labour force (M=3.5), low agricultural productivity (M=3.3), high cost of labour (M= 3.3), reduction on demand for locally grown foods (M=2.9), decrease in dependency ratio in the rural areas (M=2.7), reduction on number of mouths to feed (M=2.7), among others were major effects of ruralurban youth migration among farm families. The study recommends that Nigerian government should provide adequate physical and social infrastructure in rural areas in order to encourage youths to remain in agriculture, reduce rural-urban youth migration as well as sustain agriculture for enhanced food security.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 6 (1): 14-20, June, 2016

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Fox, Sean, Robin Bloch, and Jose Monroy. "Understanding the dynamics of Nigeria’s urban transition: A refutation of the ‘stalled urbanisation’ hypothesis." Urban Studies 55, no. 5 (July 24, 2017): 947–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017712688.

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Nigeria contains some of Africa’s oldest and newest cities, hosts five of the 30 largest urban settlements on the continent, and is estimated to have the biggest urban population on the continent. Yet many of the basic ‘facts’ about spatial-demographic trends in Nigeria have been contested. Most recently, an article published in World Development in 2012 claimed that urbanisation had stalled in Nigeria. In an effort to establish and explain the stylised facts of Nigeria’s urban transition we analyse demographic and spatial trends drawing on diverse sources, including censuses, household surveys, remotely sensed data and migration studies conducted over the past three decades. The evidence does not support the claim of stalled urbanisation: Nigeria’s urban population is growing rapidly in absolute terms and will continue to increase as a share of the national population because of both rural–urban migration and rural transformation. These drivers of urbanisation are a product of persistently high fertility in a context of declining mortality in both rural and urban areas. Robust economic growth over the past decade likely accelerated urbanisation, but even as the economy slows demographic fundamentals will continue to drive rapid urban growth and urbanisation.

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Alarima, C. I. "Factors influencing rural-urban migration of youths in Osun State, Nigeria." Agro-Science 17, no. 3 (January 17, 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v17i3.6.

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Pam, Yohanna Danladi. "Rural-Urban Migration among Youths in Nigeria: The Impacts on Agriculture and Rural Development." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 19, no. 3 (2014): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-1932120123.

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Osita-Njoku, Agnes, and Princewill Chikere. "Rural-urban Migration and the Underdevelopment in Selected Rural Communities in Imo State, Nigeria." British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science 10, no. 1 (January 10, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjesbs/2015/15420.

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AGAN, Peter Nkashi, John Yohanna Alhassan, Simon Shombi Vintenaba, and Muhammed A. Muhammad. "Impacts of Climate Change on Rural-Urban Migration and Agricultural Productivity in Southern Region of Kebbi State, Nigeria." SDRP Journal of Earth Sciences & Environmental Studies 4, no. 5 (2019): 714–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25177/jeses.4.5.ra.566.

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Jaja Nwanegbo, C. "Youth empowerment, city integration and rural-urban migration in Anambra state of Nigeria." Ubuntu : Journal of Conflict and Social Transformation 8, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 129–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2050-4950/2019/8n2a7.

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Nwosu, A. C., and M. S. Igben. "Stemming the Tide of Rural-Urban Migration in Nigeria: Social versus Economic Considerations." Community Development Journal 21, no. 3 (1986): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/21.3.208.

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Anierobi, Christopher, and Cletus O. Obasi. "Urbanization and Rural-Urban Migration: Toward Involving the Church in Addressing Pro-Poor Urban Housing Challenges in Enugu, Nigeria." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211040123.

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Policy measures of governments toward addressing urban housing provisions seem to neglect the urban poor, especially in Nigeria. Presently, the world population estimated at 50% urban is aggravated by rural-urban migration. This is true of Enugu city in Nigeria, where urban housing challenges affect the poor residents. Enugu is one of the major Christian populaces in Nigeria where the Catholic Church is conspicuously a fulcrum for socioeconomic attractions. This makes it imperative for the Catholic Church to be involved in addressing pro-poor housing challenges. This study therefore examined urban public housing provision in Enugu metropolis with a view to determine pro-poor housing policy delivery involving the Catholic Church. Mixed research method was adopted. Interviews and observations were conducted randomly within the identified 23 informal/slum or squatter settlements adjourning the 18 formal neighborhoods of Enugu metropolis while the social inclusion theory formed the basis of the study. Findings showed that the identified 118 Catholic parishes also canonically engage in socioeconomic development of the neighborhoods as the available public housing provisions in Enugu were skewed away from the urban majority who are low-income earners. This indicates poor government attention to the housing needs of low-income households who resort to informal/squatter settlements. This article therefore recommends Catholic Church-Government collaboration toward inclusive, holistic, and proactive pro-poor housing delivery in Enugu. Effective utilization of housing cooperative societies, as well as a single-digit interest loan package for housing finance, was also recommended for the Government-Church collaboration to achieve inclusive social housing delivery in the city.

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Adewale, J. Gbemiga. "Socio-Economic Factors Associated with Urban-Rural Migration in Nigeria: A Case Study of Oyo State, Nigeria." Journal of Human Ecology 17, no. 1 (January 2005): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2005.11905752.

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Okon, Emmanuel Okokondem. "Natural Disasters in Nigeria: An Econometric Model." American International Journal of Social Science Research 2, no. 1 (February 8, 2018): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/aijssr.v2i1.170.

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This paper models and estimates the occurrence of natural disaster in Nigeria using the residual-based test for cointegration within an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework and error correction specification between the period 1970 and 2016, the results from the estimated static model shows that DLOG(TEM), LOG(GDPC) and LOG(URB) are long-run determinants of natural disasters in Nigeria. The short run error correction model results revealed that the coefficients of DLOG(CO2), DLOG(WIS), LOG(GDPC), LOG(URB), DLOG(GDPC(-2)) and LOG(URB(-1))seem to be significant and helpful in explaining the occurrence of natural disaster (NAD)in Nigeria. The error correction term shows that speed of adjustment of disequilibrium in natural disaster (NAD) in the previous year which is corrected in the current year is about 44.3 percent. Therefore, Nigerian government should among other recommendations embark on reducing urbanization growth by making sure that industries which forge linkages with rural occupations should be promoted to mitigate a high rural-urban migration. Establishing of very effective early warning systems for meteorological, geophysical, biological, social and industrial hazards should be ensured.

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Chukwuemeka Nweke, Anselem. "Investigating Rural – Urban Migration in Developing Countries of the World a Focus in Nigeria." Journal of Public Policy and Administration 3, no. 3 (2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jppa.20190303.12.

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Ango, A. K., S. A. Ibrahim, A. A. Yakubu, and T. Usman. "Determination of Socio-economic Factors Influencing Youth Rural-Urban Migration in Sokoto State, Nigeria." Journal of Human Ecology 45, no. 3 (March 2014): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2014.11906695.

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Salaam, Abeeb Olufemi. "Motivations for Gang Membership in Lagos, Nigeria." Journal of Adolescent Research 26, no. 6 (March 25, 2011): 701–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743558411402333.

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The current study explores the major challenges (in the form of risk factors) that may influence unemployed youths’ involvement in gang and criminal activity in Lagos, Nigeria. A combination of techniques (e.g., oral, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires) were used for the data collection. The computed outcomes establish some of the major conditions (e.g., large families, rural/urban migration, poverty, and police corruption) faced by the vulnerable youths before turning to gang and criminal activity as an alternative opportunity to improve their lot in life. The possible implications of the current findings on risk-focused prevention strategies are discussed.

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OFUOKU, Albert. "Examination of Urban-Rural Migration in Delta State, Nigeria: Implications for the Agricultural Extension Service." Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University 32, no. 2015-2 (January 1, 2015): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.13002/jafag745.

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Ozden, Ozge, Salih Gücel, Mukhtar Sabiu Yahuza, and Buket Asilsoy. "The impact of rural-urban migration and its effects on urbanisation in Kano State, Nigeria." International Journal of Global Environmental Issues 1, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgenvi.2021.10036873.

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Kolawole, Abegunrin G., and Abegunrin T. Timothy. "Food security in the era of climate change in Nigeria." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 6, no. 2 (September 9, 2018): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.006.02.1987.

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This study highlights the various effects climate change has on the availability of food for the teeming populace of Nigeria to ensure food security. Developing countries are plagued by inadequate access to good quality and quantity of food to ensure growth and development, thereby resulting into a lot of challenges like malnutrition, health issues, infant mortality, and migration to other areas. The current practice of Agriculture in Nigeria was taken into consideration, the impact it has on the entire population and the effects climate change has on it. Nigeria, like most other developing countries, is affected in a very important and critical manner by the adverse effects of environmental crises, most of which are direct influences of climate change and this change in the long run has effect on food security. The study recommended that infrastructural facilities, social interventions in the form of food aid, and policies which encourage agricultural production should be put in place in rural areas to help reduce the incidence of rural-urban migration and to encourage agricultural production so as to ensure that all the citizens of the country are food secured.

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Peil, Margaret, Stephen K. Ekpenyong, and Olotunji Y. Oyeneye. "Going Home: Migration Careers of Southern Nigerians." International Migration Review 22, no. 4 (December 1988): 563–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838802200402.

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On the basis of data from rural and urban samples of men and women over 60 in three sites in southern Nigeria, nonmigrants, returnees and immigrants are compared on educational and occupational background and ages of first and last migration. The study found that most returnees go home before retirement rather than in old age, as had previously been suggested by studies of intentions to return. There is also a growing trend towards immigration to the cities as elderly parents, especially mothers, join their migrant children. Accommodation can be a major problem of dependent old age, and house ownership at home or in town is therefore an important factor in the decision to remain a permanent migrant or to return home.

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Alonge, S. K., and A. Wadinga. "RETHINKING URBAN RENEWAL PROGRAMMES FOR PANDEMIC CONTROL IN NIGERIA." African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment 2, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/ajhse.v2i1.120.

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Most urban renewal programmes in Africa are conceived as mere urban beautification projects. From Lagos to Dakar, move one or two kilometers away from the city centers and one is faced with filth and squalor that are summed up in two words –urban slums, in which a great majority of city populations reside. In Nigeria, population living in slums as percentage of urban population is put at 50.2 % in 2014, up from 41.0% in 2007. This highlights the rapid growth of urban slums in Africa with rapid urbanization largely fueled by rural-urban migration. Incidentally, lessons from COVID-19 indicate that if the trend in the growth of unplanned slum settlements are not checked, they will become the hotspots for pandemic transmission in Africa, as the slum populations are part and parcel of the entire urban population who indeed are key drivers of city activities in terms of labour supply, as well as their engagements in small scale informal business activities in the cities. In the light of existing knowledge on the potential threat of dense slum settlements to the spread of pandemic, this paper reviews the appropriateness of traditional approach to urban renewal programmes in Africa and makes recommendations for paradigm shift as historical evidences reveal that COVID-19 is neither the first nor the last pandemic.

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Kakwagh, Venatus V. "The Link between Rural-Urban Migration of Youth and Crime in Anyigba Town, Kogi State-Nigeria." International journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research 3, no. 3 (2019): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.3.3.2.

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E, Kalu Ijeoma, Agbarakwe Henry Ugochukwu, and Anowor Oluchukwu F. "National Housing Policies and the Realisation of Improved Housing for All in Nigeria: An Alternative Approach." Asian Development Policy Review 2, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.107.2014.23.47.60.

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The seventh goal of the MDGs is to ensure environmental sustainability which includes as its targets: increasing access to new technologies to support sustainable development by making information about sustainable practices more widespread, and bringing new technologies to rural areas such that people will be able to have better access to information and employment without having to migrate to urban areas; these would without doubt help to system the flow of rural-urban migration and as well stem the growth of slums. Good quality housing as a basic need is lacking for a sizeable number of people around the globe but seem most severe in developing economies including Nigeria. Also few houses are available, especially in the urban centers, to the ever increasing number of workers in both formal and informal sectors. The debates on the direction of housing and welfare policy have often been guided by assumptions derived from a preponderance of Anglo-American cases and perspectives. The purpose of this study is to present an alternative approach to housing policies especially in Nigeria; and we have come to the inescapable conclusion that housing is a social responsibility which cannot be left to the free play of market forces. This study therefore recommends the need to strengthen institutions and overhaul systems and processes for a more virile housing sector such that a balance between the urban housing units and the rural housing units could be attained.

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Okhankhuele, Omonigho, and Zacheus Opafunso. "Rural-Urban Migration in Nigeria: “who migrates most”? A Case Study of Ogun Waterside Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria." British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade 8, no. 3 (January 10, 2015): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjemt/2015/15845.

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Mudi, Adamu, John Lowe, and David Manase. "Public-Private Financed Road Infrastructure Development in North-Central Region of Nigeria." Journal of Management and Sustainability 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v5n4p58.

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<p>The development and provision of road infrastructure in Nigeria has primarily been through the traditional forms of procurement strategies by the federal, state and local governments through budgetary allocations and door-financed loans and grants this thereby leaves the Nigerian road sector in a precarious situation. In recent time, with the demand for more road infrastructure arising from the population explosion and urban-rural migration coupled with the financial crisis experienced by the Federal Government resulting from global economic and financial crisis the Federal Government of Nigeria therefore sought to involve the private sectors in the development of road infrastructure facilities via Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) like the developed countries so as to meet their economic growth.</p><p>This paper examined the state of road infrastructure development through Public-Private Partnerships in North-Central Region of Nigeria with emphasis on the strengths and limitation of PPPs. The chapter begins with a review of literature on the concept of PPP road infrastructure development in North-Central Region of Nigeria. Academic literatures were also reviewed on PPP objectives, operational and financial characteristics in road infrastructure development in North-Central Region of Nigeria this was followed with the assessment of the PPP road infrastructure development life-cycle process and its challenges.</p>

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Ayanlola, Atanda Luqman, and Ugwulebo Jeremiah Emeka. "Graduate Joblessness: Conviction for Entrepreneurship Studies in Library and Information Science Programme of Nigerian Tertiary Institutions." International Journal of Sociology 2, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijs.1210.

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Purpose: The purpose of the study was to understand what the Nigerian graduates are passing through, most especially graduate of library and information science programme of Nigerian tertiary institutions. Findings: The statistics of unemployed graduates in Nigeria as at 2011 showed that a disheartening figure of 42.7 million with over 1,8 million graduates churned out of our higher institutions yearly. It was further revealed that the unemployment rate in Nigeria stood at 38 percent in 2013 with further increase expected in succeeding years. The slow rate of economic growth and undeveloped private sector, faulty manpower planning, high expectations of the fresh graduate attitude towards some types of jobs, recruitments, the quest for higher education, inadequate educational curricular, immobility of labour, the long period of initial unemployment among graduates of higher institution, use of capital intensive technology, wide rural-urban migration Conclusion: It is evident that entrepreneurship education is important for Library and Information Science students in higher institution of learning. The training of Library and Information Science students must reflect the 21st century development in the field which is influenced by the emergence of Information Technology, hence, Library and Information Science students must have computer proficiency, familiarity with metadata, database management and application, web development and design, knowledge of electronic resources and services

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U. EZE, BASIL,. "The Underlying Factors Of Rural-Urban Migration In Southeastern Nigeria: A Study In Nsukka Region Of Enugu State." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 21, no. 07 (July 2016): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-2107044654.

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Angbre, Francis, A. "The Role of Agricultural Education in Ensuring National Security in Nigeria." Agriculture and Food Sciences Research 3, no. 1 (May 26, 2016): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/journal.512/2016.3.1/512.1.25.28.

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Nigeria is presently facing serious security challenges and instability that threaten our existence as people of one destiny. This article examines the important roles agricultural education can play in ensuring our national security. Vocational agriculture is a skill acquisition training programme for youths to be self-employed and self-reliance in agricultural production for empowerment. In addition, democratic principles and the rule of law must be enshrined in our political life for equity, fairness and justice. The roles of agricultural education in ensuring national security are in the areas of reduction in rural-urban migration, youth empowerment and reduction in youth unemployment and growth in industry. In conjunction with this, government needs to take pro-active security measures for the security and safety of the nation.

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Adeoye, Ifeoluwa Damilola, Wayo Seini, Daniel Sarpong, and Ditchfield Amegashie. "Effect of off-farm income on multi-dimensional poverty among rural farm households in Nigeria." International Journal of Social Economics 46, no. 9 (August 12, 2019): 1081–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-02-2019-0090.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of the different components of off-farm income on multi-dimensional poverty. Furthermore, the study aims to measure multi-dimensional poverty and also identify the determinants of multi-dimensional poverty in Nigeria. The paper reveals the different contributions of the dimensions of education, health and living standard. Design/methodology/approach The study focuses on rural farm households in Nigeria. Data are obtained from the Nigeria General Household Survey, 2013. The survey covers both urban and rural areas of the 36 states of Nigeria. Owing to the interest of this study in the rural farm household’s sub-sector, a nationally representative sample of 836 rural farm households are selected for the study after the data merging process. Rural farm households in this paper earn 50 percent of their total income from crop and livestock production. The paper employs the Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI) to measure multi-dimensional poverty across the six different geographical zones of Nigeria. The probit regression model is used to estimate and analyze the effect of off-farm income components on multi-dimensional poverty and also to identify the determinants of multi-dimensional poverty. Findings The results of the study show that among the off-farm income components, the non-farm wage income and non-farm self-employment income have negative association with multi-dimensional poverty. Findings show that multi-dimensional poverty is high in Nigeria with deprivations in health contributing the most. Northern Regions have a higher estimate. Results reveal that sex, age, number of adults, formal credit access, access to extension services and location characteristics are key determinants of multi-dimensional poverty. The MPI for Nigeria averaged 47 percent. Across regions, deprivation in the health dimension contributes about 44 percent to multi-dimensional poverty. Deprivation in living standards contributes 40.5 percent, while deprivation in education contributes 15.5 percent to multi-dimensional poverty. Research limitations/implications Due to the nature of the data used, the health indicators (nutrition and child mortality) are absent but proxies are used instead. Future research could introduce gender dimensions. Practical implications Improving the involvement of rural farm households in non-farm self-employment sector could improve their livelihoods and prevent migration to urban centers, especially among the youths. Social implications Improving the quality of health, education and living standards will lead to lower poverty levels in Nigeria. Farmers can best reduce their multi-dimensional poverty by engaging in more off-farm jobs. Originality/value This paper provides information to policy makers on the effect of different components of income from the off-farm sector on multi-dimensional poverty alongside with the determinants of multi-dimensional poverty at a national level for the rural farm households. By using MPI, the contribution of the different dimensions used in computing the MPI across the six geographical regions within the country is revealed. This provides policy makers with more information for development purposes.

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Samuel, Ogbette, Afamefuna, Idam, Macben Otu, and Kareem, Akeem Olumide. "Local Government Administration and Rural Development in Enugu State, Nigeria (2007-2015)." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 8, no. 3 (September 5, 2018): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v8i3.13608.

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This study examined Local Government Administration and Rural Development in Enugu State, Nigeria under Sullivan I. Chime’s administration, 2007-2015. The source of information for this study is secondary source. Three research questions and three objectives guided this study. The general objective of the study is the relationship between the local government administration and rural development in Enugu State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were: to assess the role of the local government administration in rural development in Enugu State, to investigate whether job creation and provision of infrastructures by the government led to decline in rural-urban migration and to find out the relationship between governments budgetary allocation and rural development in Enugu State. Giving the descriptive and argumentative nature of the paper, qualitative method of data gathering and analysis were adopted in the conduct of the research. The method of data presentation and analysis adopted for this study is the content analytical method. Some findings of the study include that Enugu State worked aggressively and assiduously to achieve developmental projects in different communities towards improving the standard of living. The state also came up with different initiatives/programmes like Visit Every Community (VEC), Free Maternal Child Healthcare (FMCH), Free Basic Education Policy and Songhai Initiative for the development of the state, and it was discovered that government budgetary allocations actually affected the overall development of the rural communities over limited resources. As a result of the above findings, the study made some recommendations which include among others; the roles played by the local governments can be said to be very successful. Though, there is need for the government to increase their function capacity of these projects and programmes to be able to cover every area of the state. Local government needs to diversify their internal revenue sources by engaging in some business ventures like filling stations, transportation, and so on, to be able to compliment the poor budgetary allocation given to them by the federal and state government.

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Maikomo, John Moses, Tordue Simon Targema, and Maria Kisugu Obun-Andy. "COVID-19 and the New Normal in Developing Societies: An Appraisal of Nigerians’ Adaptation to Digital Life in Public and Private Spheres." Journal of Developing Societies 37, no. 3 (April 20, 2021): 246–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x21996830.

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COVID-19 significantly altered individual patterns of interaction across the globe. The impediment on physical contact and emphasis on social distancing as measures of curbing its spread gave rise to new forms of interactions among individuals. In the ensuing new normal, digital life took the center stage, anchoring engaging and meaningful interactions of individuals in both public and private spheres. This study appraises the adoption of digital life in Nigeria during this period. Hinged on the technological determinism theory, the study examines the sudden digital migration in Nigeria and identifies the factors that facilitated the process, on the one hand, and the obstacles that inhibited it, on the other. Using secondary data derived from books, official websites, and media reports, the study has established that although the Nigerian society adopted digital life as alternative to face-to-face interactions out of expedience, a combination of systemic, structural, socioeconomic, and environmental factors constrained the process with grave implications on the overall (expected) impact to both individual and national developments. The study concludes that effective digitization in Nigeria requires a holistic approach toward addressing germane issues that retard socioeconomic development in the country—such as endemic poverty, structural inequality and class differences, uneven development between urban and rural communities, low computer literacy and information and communications technology (ICTs) access, poor electricity supply, poor global system for mobile communication (GSM) and Internet access, gender factor and vulnerable groups, and digital frauds—in order to create the enabling environment for productive digitization to thrive.

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Ajibola, Ajayi Folajimi, Raimi Morufu Olalekan, Steve-Awogbami Oluseyi Catherine, Adeniji Anthony Olusola, and Adebayo Patrick Adekunle. "Policy Responses to Addressing the Issues of Environmental Health Impacts of Charcoal Factory in Nigeria: Necessity Today; Essentiality Tomorrow." Communication, Society and Media 3, no. 3 (June 9, 2020): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/csm.v3n3p1.

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Worldwide trebled of wood charcoal production over the last 50 years from 17.3 million tons in 1964 to 53.1 million tons in 2014 with sixty-one percent of current global production occurring in Africa, primarily to satisfy the demand for cooking fuel from urban and rural households with 2.7 billion people relying on wood fuels in the global south, while, the rural populace in Nigeria use about 80 million cubic meters of wood fuel annually for household energy. The furnaces of the world are now burning about 2, 000, 000, 000 tons of charcoal a year. When this is burned, uniting with oxygen, it adds about 7, 000, 000, 000 tons of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere yearly. This tends to make the air a more effective blanket for the earth and to raise its temperature. The effect may be considerable in a few countries. With Nigeria’s population projected to hit 410.6 million by 2050 and 550million by 2070 and consequently, becoming the third most populous country on our planet, and with an increased population growth rate in this part of the global village is alarming and worrisome, couple with rural-urban migration in key producing states, including Kwara, Ogun, Osun, Ondo, Ekiti, Kogi, etc. Whilst demand for charcoal is projected to increase in Nigeria, the availability of woody biomass is declining due to widespread net deforestation and biomass being the only energy source of choice due to large scale poverty and unaffordable prices of other alternatives like gas and electricity. While the human population naturally increases geometrically, the power of the improvements in resources goes up arithmetically leading to disequilibrium. This disequilibrium promotes a lot of crises bordering on economy, security, health, and politics among others. It is a fact that human populations tend to increase much more rapidly than the means of subsistence. Given the increasing demand for charcoal, and decreasing availability of biomass, policies are urgently needed that ensure secure energy supplies for urban and rural households and reduce deforestation. There is potential for charcoal to be produced sustainably in natural woodlands, but this requires supportive policies, economic diversification, and investment in improved eco-stoves. New advocacy and public health movement are needed urgently to bring together governments, international agencies, development partners, communities, and academics from all disciplines to address the effects of charcoal factories on health.

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Akpan, Sunday B., Inimfon V. Patrick, and Amina Amama. "Level of Income Inequality and Determinants of Poverty Incidence among Youth Farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 5 (September 27, 2016): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n5p162.

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The prevalence of poverty among youths engaged in agricultural production is partly responsible for increase in agricultural diversification and rural-urban migration among other social vices in developing societies. To help generate suitable policies in order to tackle this rampaging issue, the study specifically analyzes poverty and income inequality as well as identified determinants of poverty among youths involved in agricultural production in the rural areas of Akwa Ibom State located in southern Nigeria. Data were collected from 300 youths spread across the rural areas of the State. Combinations of sampling methods were employed to sample cross sectional data from respondents. The study used descriptive tools and regression analysis (Logit regressions) to analyze information collected. The socio-economic analysis reveals that, most youth farmers were educated; social capital formation was poor, while land size averaged at 0.48ha per youth. About 45.1% of male youths and 72% of female youths live below poverty line in the study area. Income inequality index revealed 0.4009 for male youths and 0.3797 for female youths. The Logit model estimates revealed that, youths’ years in social organization, level of formal education, age of youths; amount of non-farm income, farm size, agricultural extension activities and commercial purposes of agricultural production reduced the probability of poverty incidence among youth farmers in the State. Household size and dependent ratio were positive drivers of poverty among rural youths. Based on the research findings, it is recommended that poverty and income inequality among youths engaged in agricultural production in the rural area of the State can be successfully handled, if sound family welfare packages are implemented in the rural communities. Also, rural youth’s groups should be strengthen to promote social capital formation; while farm enterprise development capacity should be encourage among youths as well as strengthening agricultural extension system in the State. Marginal lands should be developed and distributed to youth farmers in the area.

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Wuyep, Solomon, IT Rampedi, and AP Ifegbesan. "The role of urban vegetable production in Jos (Nigeria) as a source of livelihood." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 21, no. 103 (September 27, 2021): 18533–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.103.20300.

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Many cities of developing countries experience widespread poverty due to accelerated migration of people from rural to urban areas as well as high population growth rates. The city of Jos in Plateau State is experiencing rapid population growth as well, with the attendant problems of food insecurity, insufficient income, unemployment and environmental degradation. This study assessed the role that urban vegetable production plays in providing a source of livelihood to small-scale farmers in Jos. The farmers were registered with the third Fadama Project in Nigeria. Such projects derive their name from the native Hausa word ‘fadama’ which means irrigable lands on flood-prone and low-lying plains. Forty percent (40%) of urban vegetable farmers were randomly selected to have a sample size of 94 participants. A mixed method approach was used and this involved questionnaire-administered interviews. The primary data obtained were transcribed and subjected to ANOVA and t-test analysis. From the results obtained, most of the vegetables farm plots are located predominantly in the southern part of the study area. Results indicated that vegetable farming is playing an important role in providing 84% part-time and 5% full-time employment opportunities as well as reducing food insecurity among the study participants. In addition, most farmers achieved an income of more than the minimum wage of ₦30, 000 (US$ 72. 24) as approved by the Nigerian Government. The results also showed that lack of credit facilities, seasonal variations and the high cost of farm inputs and equipment are the most serious problems faced by participants. Other challenges associated with small-scale urban farming entailed the negative environmental impacts that may lead to the decline of environmental quality, thus undermining long term sustainability. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences among participants in terms of the relationship between the type of vegetables they produce, incomes generated, environmental impacts and their demographical attributes. These attributes are the age, gender, marital status, and educational background of participants. Based on these findings, and the socio-economic importance of vegetable farming in this study area, governments and financial institutions should establish better policies in order to solve the problems faced by small-scale vegetable farmers in urban areas.

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Thompson, Dorothy, Nsikak-Abasi Etim, and NseAbasi Etim. "Modelling the Factors Influencing Urban Households Food and Nutrition Security Status." Journal La Lifesci 1, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallalifesci.v1i4.201.

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There was a rapid migration from poor rural areas to swollen urban areas in search of better jobs and life. While some local immigrants have managed to find a better life, most immigrants cannot guarantee the improvement of the quality of life as they hoped. It has become a nightmare of economic and food insecurity. A study was conducted to determine factors affecting food availability, accessibility and affordability for families in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A survey is used to obtain information from 240 households. The Food insecurity Index is used to analyze the state of food insecurity in the study area. Foster, Greer, and Thorbecke (FGT) weighted poverty index was adopted to analyze the incidence and severity of Hunger. Tobit Regression Model is used to analyze household food security determinants. Results of analyses show that hunger is lower in families of skilled workers and higher in families with unskilled workers. The result further showed that the incidence of food insecurity and hunger was 0.61 and directly related to family size. The most critical factors influencing food security are education level, household income level, family size, access to credit facilities, distance to the nearest market, and location of residence. Policies aimed at improving living standards in rural areas are wise policy decisions to prevent conquest of the village.

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Ifeanyichukwu, Ume, Ejenma Enyinnaya, Chikwendu Lazurus, and Weje Innocent. "Effect of Youth Rural-urban Migration on Child Labour Use in Rice Production in Afikpo South Local Government Area of Ebonyi State Nigeria." Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 1, no. 3 (January 10, 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2016/27427.

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Ango, A. K., S. A. Ibrahim, A. A. Yakubu, and A. S. Alhaji. "Impact of youth rural-urban migration on household economy and crop production: A case study of Sokoto metropolitan areas, Sokoto State, North-Western Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development 6, no. 4 (April 1, 2014): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jaerd2013.0547.

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Shehu, Farida Mohammed, and Al-Hasan Al-Aidaros . "A Proposed Framework on the Relationship between Islamic Microfinance Related Factors and Women Entrepreneurs Business Performance in Nigeria." Journal of Education and Vocational Research 6, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jevr.v6i4.206.

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Microfinance plays a key role in poverty alleviation, employment generation, mitigating rural urban migration, utilization of local resources and raw materials and contributing to the gross domestic product (GDP) of Nigeria. Women, majority of who are poor and engaged in informal micro, small and medium scale businesses are mostly the target of microfinance institutions. However, women entrepreneurs find it difficult to have access to the products and services of the conventional banks due to their stringent lending requirement. The presence of Islamic banking which promotes the profit and loss sharing (PLS) concept increases the awareness among women entrepreneurs to alternative funding sources. Despite availability of financing options, women entrepreneurs are constrained by their reluctance to use interest based microfinance services. This paper aims to provide a proposed framework that examines the impact of Islamic investment and financing contracts (Murabaha financing and Mudharabah savings) and other microfinance related factors (training, social capital and self-esteem) on women entrepreneurs business performance. Religiosity is a new moderating variable within the framework that is hypothesized to enhance business performance of women entrepreneurs. The proposed framework will fill the gap in Islamic banking and finance studies since the area of Islamic microfinance and the moderating effect of religiosity has not been empirically investigated.

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Raheem, Dele, Moammar Dayoub, Rhoda Birech, and Alice Nakiyemba. "The Contribution of Cereal Grains to Food Security and Sustainability in Africa: Potential Application of UAV in Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda, and Namibia." Urban Science 5, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5010008.

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Africa is a net importer of food, especially cereal grains, despite the importance of agriculture in the continent. The agricultural growth in Africa has been undermined by low investment in agriculture, poor infrastructure, high population growth rate, and low adoption of technologies. The agri-food value chain in many African countries will benefit from the adoption of appropriate technologies that are available in the digital landscape to leverage the agricultural sector, make it more attractive to the teeming youth population, and to reverse rural-urban migration. Attention to indigenous cereal grains and other crops that are grown locally and processed into different local foods would ensure food security. However, the availability of these crops in the market is often reduced due to damage before harvest by pests and predators leading to economic losses for farmers. In this article, we review the literature from a multidisciplinary perspective on the relevance of African indigenous food grains to food security in general and we highlight the potential application of drones to increase the yield of cereal grains in three regions of the continent—eastern, western, and southern Africa.

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Eme, L. C., J. A. Ulasi, A. I. Alade Tunde, and A. C. Odunze. "Hydrokinetic turbines for power generation in Nigerian river basins." Water Practice and Technology 14, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2019.001.

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Abstract This work presents a design for Hydrokinetic Renewable Energy (HRE), for off grid power generation for remote riverine regions in developing nations. The uniqueness of this technique for power generation using streams and other marine currents to generate electric energy is detailed. The problem of the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the environment, rapid increase in human population, industries, modernization and our lifestyle put immense pressure on most power generation plants and infrastructures. Thus, global warming and carbon footprints of using fossil fuels to generate energy has driven the interest for energy generation from renewable sources. The Upper River Benue and Lower River Niger coastal basins, as well as the River Niger Basin on the Lower Niger sub-basin area of southeastern Nigeria was selected as a case study for the design of the hydrokinetic power generation technology. The results show that for a hydrokinetic turbine the level of power output is directly proportional to the flow velocity. Therefore the cost of its installation is reduced drastically from about $7,900 per installed kW to about $2,500 per kW, is easily assessable, less technical and a familiar motor technology for most of these communities. It is also a predictable form of energy in comparison to other emerging renewable energy fields like wind, solar and wave. Also this form of renewable energy is less harmful to the environment, has a lower noise emission and produces no greenhouse gases or any solid waste. HRE will bring energy security that is essential for the riverine dweller and curb rural urban migration and both improves the rural communities' standard of living and enhances their productivity.

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I. B., Abaje,, Sawa, B. A., and Ati, O. F. "Climate Variability and Change, Impacts and Adaptation Strategies in Dutsin-Ma Local Government Area of Katsina State, Nigeria." Journal of Geography and Geology 6, no. 2 (May 4, 2014): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v6n2p103.

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This paper aimed at examining local peoples’ perceptions on climate variability and change and strategies adopted in combating the impacts of the changes in Dutsin-Ma Local Government Area of Katsina State. A total of 242 questionnaires were administered to households’ heads in the eleven wards of the Local Government Area. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution, percentage and mean scores were used in data analysis. The result revealed that majority of the local people have a very good knowledge of climate variability and change in terms of higher temperature, higher rainfall intensity and variability, and the occurrence of extreme weather events such as flood and drought. Findings also revealed that community disobeying God, deforestation, bush burning, combustion of fossil fuel and pollution were the major causes of climate variability and change as perceived by the respondents. The most significant impacts of climate variability and change as perceived by the local people were decline in crop yields, decline in forest resources, water shortages and decrease in soil fertility. These impacts have resulted to rural-urban migration in the area. Sustainable adaptation strategies adopted by the local people are water harvesting, the use of fertilizer/animals dung to improve crop yield, irrigation agriculture, planting of crop varieties and drought resistant crops. It is recommended that strategies for combating impacts of climate variability and change should take into account the traditional and religious beliefs of the people; and there is need to educate the local people to appreciate the scientific basis of climate variability and change.

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RN, EGWUENU, and G. I. NSHI RN. "NIGERIAN NURSES AND MIDWIVES UNEMPLOYMENT SURVEY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i6.2020.340.

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Background: The quacking controversy that trailed the Nursing & Midwifery Council of Nigeria’s (N&MCN) release of a “License Community Nurse (LCN)” circular (Ref No. N&MCN/SG/RO/CIR/24/VOL.4/152 dated March 3, 2020) which conveyed the intention of the council to lower the existing standard of nursing education for the LCN programme that will take secondary school leavers at least a credit in English and Biology to be admitted into and two years to complete, and inter alia blamed the crude situation and abysmal performance of the Nigerian Primary Healthcare (PHC) system in the community settings on mass migration of Nurses & Midwives to urban areas and to other countries prompted UGONSA to initiate this survey to empirically determine whether there are indeed a shortage of Nurses & Midwives to fill the manpower need of the Nigerian PHC system in the community settings or not, or whether the shortage is as a result of the deliberate age-long policy of attrition and displacement of Nurses & Midwives from the PHC system in the community settings and their replacement with Community Health Extension Workers (CHEWs) [who do not have nursing education, training, skills or the ethical leaning to be responsible and accountable for nursing & midwifery services] by the National Primary Healthcare Development Agency (NPHCDA). Objective: The main aim of the study was to determine if there is a shortage of nurses that could fill the nursing needs of the PHC system in the community settings. The study also sought to compile the list of unemployed and underemployed Nurses & Midwives and to find out if unemployed Nurses & Midwives are willing to work in the community settings if the opportunity to serve the PHC system in the community setting is offered to them by the NPHCDA. The study further sought to determine the ratio of unemployed Nurses & Midwives in relation to the possible number of graduates that can be licensed by the N&MCN in a session. Methods: Using Google forms an online compilation was carried out from March 7 to April 08, 2020, in a descriptive survey of unemployed Nurses & Midwives that could be reached online within the timeline. Names, Phone numbers, State of Residence, Year of Graduation, Qualification(s), and how long they have remained unemployed after graduation were compiled. In addition, two questions were asked about the objective of the study. Analysis of data was done via Google forms statistical tools. Results: A total of 3317 unemployed Nurses & Midwives responded to the survey. Among these unemployed Nurses & Midwives – 38% holds RN only, 19% holds both RN & RM, 15.4% holds RM only, while 27.6% holds BNSc plus another qualification. For the year they have remained unemployed after graduation 57.1% have spent 0–2 years, 29.9% have been unemployed for 3–5 years, 7% have been unemployed for 6 – 8 years and 6.1% have been unemployed for more than 8 years. To the question, “Do you think there is a shortage of Nurses and Midwives in Nigeria?” – 47.5% said yes, 43.5% said no whereas 9% were undecided (said maybe). Furthermore, the result showed that while 95% of the unemployed Nurses & Midwives are willing to work in the rural community settings, 1% was not willing to work in the rural community settings and 4% were undecided (.i.e. said maybe) on whether they will work in the rural community settings or not. The result also revealed that the 3317 unemployed Nurses & Midwives captured in the survey represents graduates of 66 Nursing & Midwifery schools per session out of a total of 162 schools that are currently accredited by the N&MCN. This represents 41% of the possible number of graduates that can be turned out of the accredited Nursing & Midwifery Schools (excluding Post-basic schools) in a session. Conclusion: Despite the reported migration of Nurses to urban areas and other countries, at least 41% of Nigerian Nurses & Midwives produced in a session remain unemployed and 95% of them are willing to work in the rural community settings if given the opportunity. These unemployed Nurses & Midwives can bridge the Nursing & Midwifery manpower needs in the Primary Healthcare System should the NPHCDA engage their services with a commensurate or higher payment to what their employed counterparts receive in Federal Government-owned establishments and hospitals. There is no current shortage of Nurses that necessitates the lowering of the existing standard of nursing education. Nurses & Midwives are not responsible for the design, implementation, and delivery of healthcare services at the PHC level and therefore are not culpable for the deplorable condition and abysmal performance of the Nigerian PHC System.

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DIOP, Samba. "Nollywood: Indigenous Culture, Interculturality, and the Transplantation of American Popular Culture onto Postcolonial Nigerian Film and Screen." Communication, Society and Media 3, no. 1 (December 12, 2019): p12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/csm.v3n1p12.

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Nigeria, the Giant of Africa, has three big tribes: Yoruba, Igbo, and Hausa. It was a British colony which was amalgamated in 1914. The country became independent in 1962 and was right away bedeviled by military coups d’états and a bloody civil war (1967-1970). In 1999, the country experienced democratic dispensation. In the 1990s, the Nollywood nascent movie industry—following in the footpath of Hollywood and Bollywood—flourished. The movie industry grew thanks to four factors: Rapid urbanization; the hand-held video camera; the advent of satellite TV; and, the overseas migrations of Nigerians. Local languages are used in these films; however, English is the most prominent, along with Nigerian pidgin broken English. Many themes are treated in these films: tradition and customs, religion, witchcraft and sorcery, satire, urban and rural lives, wealth acquisition, consumerism, etc. I discuss the ways in which American popular culture is adopted in Nigeria and recreated on screen. Nigeria and USA share Federalism, the superlative mode, and gigantism (houses, cars, people, etc.), and many Nigerians attend American universities. In the final analysis, the arguments exposed in this paper highlight the multitude of ways in which Nigerians navigate the treacherous waters of modernity and globalization.

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Ehiorobo, Abraham Osa. "Efficient Resource Allocation and Utilization: The Missing Link in Nigeria’s Quest for Sustainable Development." Economics and Business 32, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eb-2018-0020.

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Abstract This study examines resource allocation and utilization in Nigeria as the missing link in the nation’s quest for sustainable development. The main objective of the research is to examine how inefficient allocation and utilization of material, human and financial resources has made the attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGs) elusive in Nigeria. Given the abundant resources at the disposal of successive regimes in the country, it is difficult to explain why the citizens remain desperately poor with 70 percent living below poverty line. The excruciating poverty faced by the rural majority and the urban poor has led some people into indulging in unwholesome practices such as armed robbery, pipeline vandalism, prostitution, risky migrations, advanced fee fraud and other forms of social vices. The paper utilizes a qualitative design based on the interpretivist philosophy while the ontological orientation is subjectivism. Findings from the study indicate that there has been gross inefficiency in resource allocation and utilization in Nigeria due to corruption, ethnic prejudices, bad governance practices, absence of accountability, lack of transparency and wasteful spending on frivolous activities. Conclusion drawn from the study indicates that if proper project planning, execution, monitoring and evaluation are carried out in a transparent manner, and resources are efficiently allocated and utilized, Nigeria would be on the path to sustainable development. The paper therefore recommends that economic and technical efficiencies should be embraced in resource allocation and utilization for Nigeria to attain sustainable development goals.

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Oladele, A. "Urbanization, housing and environmental quality indicators." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (February 17, 2015): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v11i2.5.

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The migration of human populations from rural to urban settlements known as urbanization in its most basic sense suggests an improvement in various facets of life. Urbanization ideally should also imply an enhancement of housing quality and other components of human settlements such as power supply, portable water, good roads, proper refuse and sewage disposal facilities, maintenance of ecological balance and a reduction in environmental pollution. Globally, the urbanization process has occurred in a disorganized and nearly uncontrollable manner. The spontaneity in growth of urban settlements has affected negatively several components of the urban fabric such that these components (previously mentioned) are either severely inadequate or non-existent in majority of instances where urbanization has taken place. Arguably, the success of any urbanization process can be measured by the quality of the environments produced and the housing stock found within such environments. This paper seeks to identify and evaluate the components of urban settlements that can be used as indices for establishing quality of our housing, environments and urban clusters particularly for the Nigerian context. The research methodology is a reconnaissance survey, field observation and comparison of four main areas within Ido Local Government Area of Ibadan, Oyo State, namely Apete, Elebu, Elenusonso and Ologuneru.Key words: Urbanization, Environmental quality indicators.

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Ejikeme Johnson, Kanu, and Ukonze Ifeoma. "Rural development as a panacea for rural–urban migration in Nigeria." Arts & Humanities Open Access Journal 2, no. 5 (September 19, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ahoaj.2018.02.00065.

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Lordaah, Sedoo, Agba Solomon, and Nwafor Solomon. "Effect of Rural-Urban Migration on Food Security of Rural Households in Kwande Local Government Area of Benue State." Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research, May 21, 2019, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2019/v9i430011.

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This study investigated the effect of rural-urban migration on food security of rural households in Kwande local government area of Benue State, Nigeria. Using multistage sampling technique and a semi-structured questionnaire as instrument, data for the study was collected from a sample of three hundred and eighty four (389) rural dwellers in the state. The study revealed the major causes and determined the effect of rural-urban migration of the food security of Kwande local government area and suggested measures to reduce the rate of rural-urban migration. Given that the F- statistics of 98.094 is significant at 1% level of significance, it implies that the computed F- value was higher than the F-tabulated value of (1.94) at 5% level of significance and (2.51) at 1% level of significance. Therefore, and the alternative hypothesis which states that factors such as search for job, quest for skill acquisition, search foe better education, quest for marriage, insecurity, social amenities, and natural disasters are the determining factors of rural urban migration was accepted. Therefore, the study concluded that reduction rural-urban migration and improvement in food security are dependent on these factors. Based on the effects of rural-urban migration, it was recommended that government/policy makers come up with policies that would lead to increased rural development and farm mechanization.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rural-urban migration – Nigeria'

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