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1
Theberge, Valerie Bennett. "Government policy and rural-urban migration : a comparative study of India and China /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21240735.
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Xu, Liyan Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Urbanization process models, internal rural-urban migration, and the role of institutions in China : three essays on urbanization and migration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107084.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This dissertation is a collection of three essays on urbanization and migration. The first essay is a treatment on the urbanization theory. I discuss the ambiguity in the urban concept, and propose a comprehensive urban concept which includes the demographic, physical, economic, social, and cultural dimensions of urban characteristics. Based on the concept, and through analyses of the countries' preference over specific urban definition methods, I propose the Kuznets Curve for urban definition complexity, and the Hypothesis of the Unbalanced Urbanization Process. I test the hypothesis with a case study of five countries: the United States, Mexico, China, India, and Ethiopia. With the findings I call for a paradigm shift in the study of the urbanization process, which constitutes the general framing of the dissertation. The next two essays concern the application of the framework in a specific country - China, and relevant studies on the country's internal migration. The studies are based on two nation-wide, large-sample surveys on the migrants and rural households' living conditions in 2008-2009 (n=2398) and 2014-2015 (n=2097). In the second essay, I study the life-cycle migration behavior pattern of China's internal rural-urban migrants. I first conduct a statistical treatment of the general demographics as well as individual-level migration-related behavioral patterns of the migrants, and then reconstruct the life history of the migrants through survival analyses on their migrating and return migrating behaviors, and also two Cox proportional hazard models respective to the two survival processes which examine the determinants of such behaviors. Results give rise to an overlapping generational and iterative pattern of the migrants' migration behavior with a filtration mechanism, which I call "the Circle of Life" model. Lastly, in the third essay, I examine the role of China's institutional environment in shaping the unique migration behavior pattern. I conduct a thorough documentation on the evolution, and especially the recent development of China's Hukou (household registration) and land ownership policies, and show the shift of a dual social structure as a result of the policy change. Furthermore, I develop two groups of discrete choice models to examine the formation of the migrants' urban settlement intentions. Overall, I conclude that China's institutions have played an empowering function, thus giving rise to an institution-bound rational choice behavior concerning migration and settlement. Lastly, I briefly discuss the implications of the findings on urbanization and development theories, as well as the policy suggestions.
by Liyan Xu.
Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Planning
3
Luo, Baozhen. "The impact of rural-urban migration on familial elder care in rural China." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/sociology_diss/38/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2009.Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed June 8, 2010) Heying Jenny Zhan, committee chair; James Ainsworth, Elisabeth Burgess, Charles Jaret, committee members. Includes bibliographical references (p. 187-195).
4
Afsar, Rita. "Causes, consequences and challenges of rural-urban migration in Bangladesh." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha258.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 331-404) Attempts to contribute toward greater understanding of the urbanization process in Bangladesh. Focuses particularly on the rural-urban migration process, explaining the causes of mobility and stability and the consequences flowing from that movement for the wellbeing of migrants and their families.
5
Carrillo, Garcia Beatriz. "New urban space in China: towns, rural labour and social inclusion." University of Technology, Sydney. Institute for International Studies, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/367.
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Since the late 1970s internal migration has become a fundamental feature of economic and social change in the People’s Republic of China. So has rapid urbanization as the rural population moves to the cities and towns in search for work. In the process, new urban spaces have been created that not only provide the springboard for economic development but also present challenges for social coherence and stability. Considerable attention has been focussed on the impact of this migration on the larger cities and on the migrants to those cities; processes that inevitably highlight the difficulties of China’s socio-economic transformation. Nonetheless, the experiences of those cities represent but one of the country’s urban realities. In fact, the majority of China’s urban population live in a highly dispersed system formed by thousands of small cities and towns. Through the examination of a county in North China (Hongtong County, Shanxi Province) and its county town (Dahuishu Town) this study suggests that outside the larger cities there may be alternative accounts of urban social change and the integration of rural migrant workers. Empirical findings point to greater openness and flexibility in the incorporation of rural workers. Though shortcomings are still observed, there is also considerable governmental and social awareness of the problems brought by rural -urban migration and urbanization processes; a willingness to act and a capacity to promote and deliver greater social inclusion. Dahuaishu Town’s distinct development experience has allowed for the construction of a more inclusive social environment, one which provides all inhabitants, including rural workers with a platform towards advancing their economic and social well-being. Impossible as it is to be representative of town development throughout China, this study provides an example of and a guide to alternative development processes to those documented in large urban centres. Small town urban development in Hongtong County is not a resolved issue, but it suggests that China’s transformation may not necessarily result in dysfunctional and socially polarized urban environments.
6
Carrillo-Garcia, Beatriz. "New urban space in China: towns, rural labour and social inclusion." University of Technology, Sydney. Institute for International Studies, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/367.
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Since the late 1970s internal migration has become a fundamental feature of economic and social change in the People’s Republic of China. So has rapid urbanization as the rural population moves to the cities and towns in search for work. In the process, new urban spaces have been created that not only provide the springboard for economic development but also present challenges for social coherence and stability. Considerable attention has been focussed on the impact of this migration on the larger cities and on the migrants to those cities; processes that inevitably highlight the difficulties of China’s socio-economic transformation. Nonetheless, the experiences of those cities represent but one of the country’s urban realities. In fact, the majority of China’s urban population live in a highly dispersed system formed by thousands of small cities and towns. Through the examination of a county in North China (Hongtong County, Shanxi Province) and its county town (Dahuishu Town) this study suggests that outside the larger cities there may be alternative accounts of urban social change and the integration of rural migrant workers. Empirical findings point to greater openness and flexibility in the incorporation of rural workers. Though shortcomings are still observed, there is also considerable governmental and social awareness of the problems brought by rural -urban migration and urbanization processes; a willingness to act and a capacity to promote and deliver greater social inclusion. Dahuaishu Town’s distinct development experience has allowed for the construction of a more inclusive social environment, one which provides all inhabitants, including rural workers with a platform towards advancing their economic and social well-being. Impossible as it is to be representative of town development throughout China, this study provides an example of and a guide to alternative development processes to those documented in large urban centres. Small town urban development in Hongtong County is not a resolved issue, but it suggests that China’s transformation may not necessarily result in dysfunctional and socially polarized urban environments.
7
Neill, Dawn B. "The effect of urbanization on parental investment decisions among Indo-Fijians /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6449.
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Sherkin, Samantha G. "Forever united : identity-construction across the rural-urban divide /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs5523.pdf.
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Magnér, Johan. "Rural-Urban Migration in the Context of Babati Town, Tanzania : Causes and Effects on Poor Peoples' Quality of Life." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-20089.
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The objective of this research is to study peoples’ reasons for rural-urban migration in the Babati district of Tanzania and the outcomes of such a migration on the migrants’ quality of life in Babati town. This qualitative study is based on semi-structured interviews and secondary sources. The interviews were performed with poor people in urban Babati town and two villages in rural Babati district. In the last thirty years the population of Babati town has increased more than threefold. The causes of rural-urban migration to Babati town are to be found in economical, social and cultural factors. The economic predominate, with the search for employment mentioned by all the migrants in the study. The migrants in Babati town emphasized adequate housing as a very important factor for a good life in town. This need was in many cases not fulfilled. Many were also still lacking social services and could not afford to buy basic necessities. The greatest asset for the people who have moved to Babati town was the diverse market of employment. The benefits of living in Babati town seem to outnumber the problems for most of the urban migrants. For the villagers of Mutuka the greatest asset was good natural conditions for agriculture and lifestock. In Magugu a great advantage was trade, the affordability of houses, food and necessary things. Due to differences of the dynamics of the two villages the people of Mutuka were more eager to move to Babati town than the inhabitants of Magugu. Small harvests and an insufficient market for farming products were great concerns as well as lack of social services.
10
Tavanti, Marco. "For God so loves the city- today's big cities as the new frontier of mission /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1996. http://www.tren.com.
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Thompson, Eric C. "In K.L.-and-Kampung : urbanism in rural Malaysia /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6571.
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Johansson, emanuel, and Petter Wikström. "Att avvika från det urbana : En studie kring flyttmotiv & känslan efter flytten till en landsbygdskommun från en urban kommun." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-72798.
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Det urbana betraktas ofta som en norm, studien syftar till att lägga ett fokus mot landsbygden och studera berättelser från de som flyttar från stad till land. Där studien baseras på att undersöka flyttmotiv i kontext till migrantens liv före och efter flytten. Studien har ämnat att besvara vad det är som påverkar upplevelser av platser före- och efter flytt, vilka motiv som kan påverka personer att vilja flytta samt vad som kännetecknar den som flyttar till landsbygden. Den tidigare forskningen i studien bygger huvudsakligen på en bred genomgång av migrationsforskning. Forskning som behandlar ämnet migration har försökt förstå vilka faktorer som påverkar människors val att flytta. Studien utgår från ett humanistiskt perspektiv då vi vill komma åt informanternas berättelser och upplevelser av både den gamla och nya platsen. Där studien genomförts med en kvalitativ metod bestående av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna genomfördes i Värmland som är studiens geografiska avgränsning och informanterna kommer från fyra olika landsbygdskommuner. Sammantaget genomfördes tio intervjuer med tolv informanter. Empirin är baserad på de tre teman som ingick i intervjuguiden - bakgrund och erfarenheter, motivet och platsen. Detta för att komma åt informanterna berättelser om varför de flyttat samt hur de upplevt/upplever den gamla och den nya platsen. I diskussionsdelen sammanvävs empirin med den tidigare forskningen. Där framkommer skilda motiv till flytt samt berättelser om hur informanterna upplever det urbana och landsbygden före och efter flytt. Studiens slutsats uttrycker, övergripande, informanternas upplevelser av en bättre vardag på landsbygden med mer livskvalite såsom lägre levnadsrytm, mindre stress och större närhet till natur. Det lyfts fram hur det kan tolkas att den urbana miljön bidrar till en undanträngningseffekt och hur landsbygden som plats är socialt annorlunda jämfört med staden. Där landsbygden ses som mer välkomnande och med mer spontant umgänge.The urban area is seen as the norm today, this study aims to focus on the countryside and study the stories from those who move from the city to the countryside. Where the study is based on examining moving motives in context to the migrant's life before and after the move. The study is intended to answer what is affecting experiences of places before and after moving, which motives can affect people wanting to move and what characterizes the person who moves to the countryside. The previous research in this study is mainly based on a broad review of migration research. Research that deals with the subject of migration has tried to understand which factors affect people's choices to move. The study starts from a humanistic perspective as we want to access the informants' stories and experiences of both the old and the new place. Where the study was conducted with a qualitative method consisting of semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted in Värmland which is the study's geographical delimitation and the informants come from four different rural municipalities. Overall, ten interviews were conducted with twelve informants.The empirical data is based on the three themes that were included in the interview guide - background and experiences, motive and place. This is to access the informants' stories about why they moved and how they experienced/experiencing the old and the new place. In the discussion section, the empirical data is interwoven with the previous research. Where there are different motives for moving and stories about how the informants experience the urban and rural areas before and after the move. The study's conclusion expresses, overall, the informants' experiences of a better everyday life in the countryside with more quality of life such as lower life rhythm, less stress and greater proximity to nature. It is emphasized how it can be interpreted that the urban environment contributes to a displacement effect and how the rural as a place is socially different from the city. Where the countryside is seen as more welcoming and with more spontaneous interactions.
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Mvuyana, Bongekile Y. C. "A study of the relationship between rural-urban migration and housing delivery : a case of Clermont Township in the Province of KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1504.
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Rural-urban migration appears to be an ongoing process in South Africa. This is attributed to various reasons. In itself, the process contributes towards an ongoing demand for services such as housing, water, sanitation and transportation systems. Rural – urban migration plays a key role in urbanization. The living conditions in rural areas appear to be the main contributing factors towards rural-urban migration. This indicates that the challenges facing rural communities include the creation of conducive environments within those communities. Hence, the issue of rural-urban migration should be addressed from the spatial and socio – economic perspectives. In an attempt to address human settlements needs, South Africa has a policy framework which supports the right to housing as it has been accorded to South African citizens by their Constitution. The objective is to ensure that there is adequate housing for South Africans. This study investigated and analysed the relationship between rural-urban migration and housing delivery in Clermont Township in the Province of KwaZulu-Natal. The participants included the residents of Clermont Township and the representatives of the eThekwini Municipality. Among others, the study found that rural-urban migration is an ongoing process which affects housing delivery in urban areas. As a result it continues to make the objective of ensuring that there is adequate housing for South Africans unattainable. Hence, attention should be paid to the effects of rural-urban migration in housing delivery.
14
Loem, Senghuo. "Labor Mobility and Industrialization in Post-Socialist Cambodia." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1494934181936051.
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Gentile, Michael. "Studies in the Transformation of Post-Soviet Cities : Case Studies from Kazakhstan." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Dept. of Social and Economic Geography [Kulturgeografiska institutionen], Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4306.
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Van, Niekerk Jacomina. "Kultuurtekste oor verstedeliking 'n vergelyking van Afrikaner- en swart verstedeliking in literêre tekste /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08032009-182300.
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Wang, Xiaodong. "Rethinking the nonmetropolitan turnaround: renewed rural growth or extended urbanization?" Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4947.
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This dissertation proposes a new, synthesized perspective for explaining the
âÂÂNonmetropolitan Turnaroundâ in the 1970s and 1990s. By studying the definition of
urbanization carefully, using the human ecological perspective, many processes
happening during the âÂÂNonmetropolitan Turnaroundâ in the 1970s and 1990s, such as
suburbanization, deconcentration, and counterurbanization, can be understood as
different forms of the urbanization processes. When the majority of the population was
rural, the dominant pattern of urbanization was rural-urban migration. When the majority
of the population became urban, the dominant urbanization pattern reversed to urbanrural
migration because urban centers had reached beyond their optimal density and
processes operated to reduce their density. This paper hypothesizes that the two
âÂÂturnaroundsâ were simply the result of different aspects of urbanization complicated by
metropolitan status reclassifications. The perspectives of suburbanization,
counterurbanization and deconcentration are integrated into the urbanization perspective.
Using migration flow data compiled by the Census Bureau from 1975 to 1980 and from 1995 to 2000, the summary analyses confirmed that the net migration due to the three
forms of urbanization largely accounted for all of the net migrant flows. This dissertation
further tested the validity of optimal density theory with net migration data and
confirmed the utility of this perspective in predicting the direction of net migration.
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Rohlin, Carl-Johan A. J. "The role of migration in urban transition : studies of the relationship between migration and modernisation for Brisbane and Stockholm /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18874.pdf.
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Reitzig, Markus. "Berlin-Wedding in der Zeit der Hochindustrialisierung (1885 - 1914)." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15495.
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Die Zeit der Hochindustrialisierung veränderte das Gesicht der Städte in Europa und Nordamerika grundlegend. Ein hohes natürliches Bevölkerungswachstum, ausgeprägte Land-Stadt-Wanderungen gepaart mit einer intensiven baulichen Verdichtung nach innen und außen prägten das Geschehen. Das steigende Arbeitsplatzangebot in der Industrie und dem tertiären Sektor griff tief in die traditionellen Arbeits- und Lebenswelten des Einzelnen ein. Von den Veränderungen war Berlin als Hauptstadt des Deutschen Reiches und eines der wichtigsten Wirtschaftszentren im besonderen betroffen. Ein Stadtteil Berlins, der an der ehemaligen nördlichen Stadtgrenze gelegene Wedding, steht im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Dissertation. Dieser Stadtteil zeichnete sich durch eine besonders dynamische Entwicklung aus. Die noch vorhandenen großen Freiflächen wurden innerhalb weniger Jahre in Bauland verwandelt. Großbetriebe der Elektro- und Chemischen Industrie ließen sich im Wedding nieder und bestimmten in zunehmendem Maße den lokalen Arbeitsmarkt. Auf der Grundlage einer Auswertung der Kirchenbücher der lokalen Gemeinden mit insgesamt 95.623 erfaßte Personen konnte für das Untersuchungsgebiet im Zeitraum 1885-1914 der Nachweis erbracht werden, dass selbst innerhalb eines eng umrissenen Stadtgebietes erhebliche sozio-ökonomische und städtebauliche Gegensätze bestanden. Diese Gegensätze werden durch die Zahlen der amtlichen Statistik nur allzu leicht verdeckt, wirken aber in ihrer Konsequenz bis in die Gegenwart nach. Zahlreiche der aktuell zu beobachtenden Problemkomplexe - u.a. eine Arbeitslosenquote von weit über 20 Prozent, Gewerbebrachen und eine überdurchschnittlich starke Konzentration ausländischer Bevölkerungsgruppen - haben demnach ihren Ursprung bereits im Kaiserreich.The era at the peak of industrialization fundamentally altered the appearance of cities in Europe and North America. A high level of natural population growth and extensive migration movements from rural to urban areas coupled with an intensive architectural expansion to the inside and outside characterized the events. The increasing number of employment opportunities in the industrial and tertiary sectors profoundly interfered with the people’s traditional working and living environments. These changes particularly affected Berlin as the capital city of the German Empire and as one of the most important commercial centers. The Wedding, a city district of Berlin located along the former northern city limit, is at the core of this dissertation. This district stood out through its especially dynamic development. The large undeveloped areas that still existed at the time were transformed into built-up areas within a few years’ time. Large-scale enterprises in the electronic and chemical industries settled down in the Wedding district and took an increasing influence on the local job market. On the basis of an evaluation of church records (from the local Wedding parishes) that altogether contain information on 95,623 people, this study of the time period from 1885 to 1914 demonstrates the existence of significant socio-economic and urban developmental contrasts recognizable even within a narrowly defined city area (such as the Wedding district). These contrasts are all too easily concealed by the numbers of official statistical data, yet their consequences continue to produce an after-effect, even in the presence. An unemployment rate of well above 20 percent, widespread unoccupied commercial infrastructure, and a significantly above-average concentration of foreign population groups is among numerous currently recognizable problem clusters that already originated in the time of the German Empire.
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Mataboge, Nungi Samuel. "Management of urban in-migration in South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23772.
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Potts, Deborah. "Urbanization in Malawi with special reference to the new capital city of Lilongwe." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1986. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317532/.
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This thesis examines the process of urbanization in Malawi, with special reference to the new capital city, Lilongwe. At independence Malawi inherited an extremely underdeveloped urban system. It is argued that colonial Nyasaland's involvement in the migrant labour system and its reluctant membership of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland were contributory factors, both of which related to Nyasaland's economically and politically subordinate position in Southern Africa. Analysis of the static and dynamic nature of independent Malawi's urban system shows it to be very simplistic. It is emphasized that the growth of the truly 'urban' population in most of the small centres in the urban hierarchy has been slow, and that institutional hindrances and government perceptions of the urban process may dissipate the impact of policies designed to promote their development. The major aspect of urban policy since 1964 has been the development of Lilongwe, which the government emphasized had two objectives: to create a new capital replacing the colonial creation of Zomba, and to develop a growth centre to promote greater regional equality and act as a counterattraction to the commercial 'capital' of Blantyre. President Banda's key role in the: instigation of this project is empahasized, and it is suggested that the second objective was rhetorically promoted as a justificatory expedient. The results of original research on urban policy implementation and private sector investment in Blantyre and Lilongwe support the contention that government commitment to Lilongwe as a growth centre is weak, and also draws attention to problems inherent in applying such strategies in small, underdeveloped economies such as Malawi's. Lilongwe's economic development has not been in theoretical accordance with that of a growth centre. Nevertheless although it is proposed that a new capital programme per se cannot be used as a surrogate for a regional development policy, major infrastructural developments in Lilongwe have allowed it to provide a degree of economic competition to Blantyre. These are argued to be mainly associated with government commitment to its development as the capital city rather than its weakly developed growth centre role.
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Seckiner, Vildan. "Cinematic Representation Of Gecekondu As An Urban Memory." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611382/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this study is to assess Turkish squatters, namely &lsquogecekondu&rsquo
over the image in cinema in terms of a visual urban archive. In order to analyze this representation in cinema as an urban image, both the cinematic production and urban theoretical approaches about migration and gecekonduzation process are discussed in order to find out the parallelism between the stories of gecekondu in these two fields, and to crosscheck the cinematic image of gecekondu. Therefore, the study is held in accordance with the epochs due to the break points of the history of the phenomenon. The movies are analyzed through a critical discourse analysis after the depiction of each epoch. Finally, the picture of the phenomenon is compared with the actuality of the epochs, academic framework and the cinematic image with the purpose of revealing the cinematic memory about it.
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Malmberg, Gunnar. "Metropolitan growth and migration in Peru." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi och ekonomisk historia, 1988. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-93813.
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Abstract: The study deals with the interplay between migration and metropolitan growth in Peru during the last decades. The key question is to what extent Peru's rural-urban migration and rapid urban growth is triggered by opportunities within the formal and informal sectors in the growing metropolis of Lima. Aggregated data about migration have been related to information of socioeconomic and geographical conditions in rural and urban areas. Multivariate models of interregional migration are constructed and tested. A study of the life paths of a limited group of migrants has generated hypotheses about causes of migration and the assimilation of migrants in the city. Migration is related to historical changes in Peruvian society and to structural and individual conditions affecting migrants. The historical transformation of the rural and urban sectors is one important precondition for the increasing rural-urban migration in 20th century Peru, including the declining importance of the traditional socio-economic structure (the hacienda system and the peasant communities), population growth, and the increasing importance of capitalistic forms of exchange and production as well as of interregional interaction and non-agrarian sectors. Regional disparities appear to be the most important structural condition affecting migration in Peru, in accordance with the so-called gap-theories, which indicate that changes and conditions in urban areas are more important for temporal and spatial variations in the migration pattern, than corresponding changes in rural areas. Furthermore, young and better educated individuals are overrepresented in the migrant groups and outinigration seems to be highest from rural areas with well-established urban contacts. Urban pull is more important than rural push. The study reveals that personal contacts are essential as a generator of migration, for information flows and for the migrants' adaptation to the urban society. In general, the rural-urban migration can be regarded as a rational adaptation to living conditions in rural and urban areas, since most migrants seem to have a higher living standard in the cities in comparison with their former situation in rural areas. A significant conclusion is that informal solutions are important for solving migrants' housing and subsistence problems. The informal sector is interpreted as an integrated and often dynamic element in the urban economy, rather than as an indicator of over-urbanization. The study provides empirical support for a conjecture termed metropolitan informal sector pull, in which the informal sector of Lima is a major part of the magnet that pulls people from the rural areas and generates metropolitan growth and migration in Peru.Diss. Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1988 ;
digitalisering@umu
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Phan, Thien. "Social relationships of migrants living in dormitories in the process of urbanization: a focus on Binh Tri Dong, Viet Nam." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/239.
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In the last decade there has been a substantial increase of new migrants into large cities in Việt Nam, changing the social, cultural, and political fabric of Hồ Chí Minh City. Rapid urbanization and land use changes in Hồ Chí Minh City have occurred alongside mass internal migration. The movement of people has become an important piece in the 1986 economic reforms of đổi mới and a main focus of Vietnamese public policy from the late 1990s until today. With the influx of new actors comes a new set of social interactions and negotiations between people in daily life that are embedded within a broader socio-economic framework.
New liberal policies on internal migration have spurred great mass internal migration into cities which has several implications for not only the entire country, but specific to this research, for the social dynamics of how Bình Trị Ðông ward is managing the influx of migrants. Not only did this field research seek to explore the social relationships and integration among migrants living on the urban fringe but the issue of local governance and infrastructure provisions in the form of migrant housing is central to this research. In short, this thesis asks: what are the social experiences of migrants living in Bình Trị Ðông? What is the role of local government, if any, in managing the social and cultural changes among migrants? My research finds that migrants are each striving towards their own individual goals of economic gains, treating Bình Trị Ðông as a temporary living space, thus preventing a strong sense of community and social bonds from flourishing. Meanwhile, more equitable planning policies of prioritizing the needs of ordinary citizens over economic development signal a shift in local development policies. Yet the government’s shift towards greater participation has not necessarily changed the lived experiences of residents. Migrants here are oriented towards their own goals thus stunting interpersonal relationships and deepening social segregation, leading one to question what ties, if any, unite people in this neighborhood.
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Basaib, Ridhwan. "The growth and characteristics of peri-urban communities : a case study in Jakarta, Indonesia /." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08222009-040235/.
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Demétrio, Natália Belmonte 1987. "População e dinâmica econômica na região de governo de Jales no século 21 : o "outro" rural do oeste paulista." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279343.
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Orientador: Rosana Aparecida BaeningerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: A emergência de novas ruralidades tem animado o debate em torno das instâncias teóricas e empíricas definidoras de rural. Nesse trabalho, nossa análise concentra-se nas diferenças que esse fenômeno encerra quanto aos processos de redistribuição de população, levando-se em consideração a Região de Governo de Jales, no extremo Noroeste Paulista. A construção de novas espacialidades rurais tem suas raízes históricas nos processos desencadeados pela reestruturação produtiva dos anos 1980. Por um lado, a abertura econômica forçou o país a aumentar a produção de commodities exportáveis com a finalidade de equilibrar nosso balanço de pagamentos. Por outro, o acirramento da competição capitalista levou à valorização de pequenas diferenças espaciais relacionadas à oferta de força-de-trabalho, infraestrutura e recursos diversos. Essas duas tendências características da nova fase de acumulação capitalista têm reforçado a heterogeneidade do rural paulista, demarcando a existência de pelo menos dois tipos bem específicos de rural, com aspectos sociais, econômicos e demográficos diferenciados
Abstract: The emergence of new ruralities has sparked the debate on theoretical and empirical instances that define the concept of rural. In this work, our analysis focuses on the differences that this phenomenon reverberates on the processes of redistribution of population, taking into consideration the Region Government of Jales, in the North West of the state of São Paulo. New rural spatiality has its historical roots in the processes triggered by the restructuring process of the 1980s. On the one hand, economic liberalization has forced the country to increase the production of exportable commodities in order to equilibrate our balance of payments. On the other hand, the increased competition has led to capitalist exploitation of small spatial differences related to the provision of work-force, infrastructure and various resources. These two characteristic tendencies of the new phase of capitalist accumulation have reinforced the heterogeneity of rural areas in the state of São Paulo, marking the existence of at least two types of very specific "rurals", with social, economic and demographic differences
Mestrado
Demografia
Mestra em Demografia
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Frey, Henrique. "O processo de ocupação do espaço urbano na cidade de Sorocaba e sua região." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281814.
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Orientadores: Daniel Joseph Hogan, Aurílio Sérgio Costa CaiadoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo entender o processo de ocupação do espaço na Aglomeração Urbana de Sorocaba-SP. Trata-se de uma importante aglomeração, com mais de um milhão de habitantes, localizada em uma área de grande dinamismo econômico, no entorno da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. No atual cenário de transformações na rede urbana paulista destacam-se novos padrões de articulação regional que, no caso da mobilidade espacial da população, pode ser apreendida pelos movimentos migratórios de curtas distâncias e por meio dos deslocamentos entre casa e trabalho, os chamados movimentos pendulares. O estudo acompanha, portanto, a tendência dos estudos urbanos recentes e deve contribuir para a compreensão da dinâmica de uma das regiões que compõe a macro metrópole de São Paulo, que tem sido pouco estudada. A estrutura e dinâmica da AU de Sorocaba serão observadas a partir do processo da redistribuição espacial da população com os dados do censo demográfico do ano 2000. O estudo considera, portanto, que a dinâmica demográfica orientada pelo fenômeno migratório participa decisivamente do processo de produção e reprodução social que consolida a estruturação do espaço urbano. Cabe destacar ainda que os desdobramentos do processo de desconcentração produtiva verificados para o estado de São Paulo e a consequente inflexão dos tipos e modalidades migratórias, com a emergência de novas modalidades de deslocamento espacial da população, constituem-se como pano de fundo da presente análise
Abstract: This study aims to understand the process of occupation of space in the Urban Agglomeration of Sorocaba. This is a major conurbation, with over one million inhabitants, placed in an area of great economic dynamism surrounding Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo. In the current scenario of the transformations of the Sao Paulo urban network stand out new patterns of regional division, in the case of spatial mobility of population, can be perceived by the migratory movements of short distances and through travel between home and work, the so called commuting. This study focuses, therefore, the trend of recent urban studies and it should contribute to understanding the dynamics of the one of the regions that makes up the macro metropolis of Sao Paulo, which has been less studied. The structure and dynamics of the AU Sorocaba will be observed from process of spatial redistribution of population with data from the census of 2000. The study, therefore, considers that the population dynamics driven by the migration phenomenon decisively involved in the process of social production and reproduction that consolidates the structuring of urban space. It is worth pointing out that the ramifications of the devolution process production recorded for the state of Sao Paulo and the consequent reversal of migration types and migratory modalities, with the emergence of new forms of spatial displacement of the population, they constitute the background of this analysis
Mestrado
Demografia
Mestre em Demografia
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Silva, Vilma Aparecida da. "A campesinidade presente na construção do espaço geográfico da cidade de Cubatão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-21062007-144525/.
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O presente estudo tem o objetivo de analisar a ampla ocorrência de práticas rurais na cidade de Cubatão atualmente. Para tanto, considera o processo de urbanização dessa cidade, iniciado com a industrialização. Nesse sentido, o conceito de campesinidade de Woortmann (1990) assume importância central para a análise do contexto cultural que envolve a realização dessas práticas e o significado que elas apresentam para os sujeitos sociais nelas envolvidos. Cubatão se destacou por muitos anos como local estratégico de ligação entre o planalto e o litoral (Baixada Santista), exercendo a função de porto e posto fiscal. Com a instalação de colonos açorianos em suas terras em 1803, deu-se início a algumas atividades agrícolas no município. A partir da instalação da Estrada de Ferro Santos-Jundiaí, as atividades comerciais entraram em declínio e Cubatão passou a se dedicar à cultura da banana que se tornou uma importante atividade econômica até 1950, quando a cidade se tornou industrial. A produção agrícola foi drasticamente reduzida, ao passo que a indústria passou a atrair uma grande massa de trabalhadores migrantes, sendo muitos provenientes do campo. O tipo de urbanização advinda dessa industrialização produziu um espaço fragmentado, em sua maioria composto por favelas. A partir da realização de atividades agrícolas, a espacialização do migrante de raiz camponesa revela uma tentativa de apropriação do espaço através da lógica do uso. No entanto, essa prática é atravessada pela racionalidade do capital, através da ação estatal. Esse embate é vivenciado pelo migrante no plano do vivido, onde as insurgências do uso se impõem como o irredutível, não sucumbindo à opressão da equivalência; ou seja, as atividades realizadas por esse sujeito social são praticadas independente de serem permitidas, toleradas, proibidas ou negadas. Dessa forma, a cidade expõe suas contradições relativas à sua forma e seu conteúdo.The aim of this study is to analyse the widespread incidence of rural practices that currently take place in the city of Cubatão. For this purpose, it considers the city\'s urbanization process, which began following the industrialization process. In this context, Woortmann\'s concept of peasant moral order (1990) assumes central importance in the analysis of the cultural context involving the accomplishment of these practices and its significance given by the social actors involved. For many years, due to its strategic localization, Cubatão played a relevant role in linking the plateau and the coastline (Baixada Santista), operating as a port and fiscal site. With the settlement of Azorean colonists in its land, in 1803, agriculture was introduced in the city. After the Santos-Jundiai Railway was built, commerce declined and Cubatão started concentrating on the culture of banana which became an important economic activity up to 1950, when the city became industrial. The agricultural production was then drastically reduced at the same time that the industry began to attract a great mass of migrant workers, constituted mainly by peasant individuals. The type of urbanization created by the industrialization process produced a fragmented space, formed in majority by slums quarters. As a result of rural practices, the spacialization of the migrant from a peasant background, discloses an attempt of spacialization through the logic of the use. However, these practices are crossed by the rationality of the capital, supported by State action . This conflict is experienced by the migrant in the realm of the lived, where the insurgencies of the use impose themselves as the irreducible, not succumbing to the oppression of equivalence; that is, the activities carried out by this social actor are practised independently of being allowed, tolerated, forbidden or denied. In this way, the city displays its contradictions relating to its form and content.
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Muhsen, Mohammad. "Les Transformations Urbaines en Cisjordanie ‘Palestine’ Facteurs explicatifs et conséquences : Le cas de La Région de Ramallah." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0001/document.
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Cette étude présente des éléments de compréhension du processus de transformation de la zone de Ramallah en Palestine après 1993, suite aux accords d'Oslo. L'introduction souligne l'énoncé du problème, les principaux objectifs de l'étude et l'importance de la méthodologie. L'étude est divisée en deux parties, contenant chacune trois chapitres. La première partie donne une brève description de l'évolution chronologique du peuple palestinien et des enjeux socioéconomiques urbains, ainsi qu’une analyse en profondeur de la zone d'étude avec un focus sur le rôle de l'occupation israélienne qui a contribué à la démarcation de la zone palestinienne.La deuxième partie analyse les facteurs qui ont affecté le processus de migration interne et la croissance urbaine. L'étude tente ensuite d'enquêter sur les principaux changements intervenus dans le modèle urbain à travers différents modèles.L'étude a permis de constater que la zone de Ramallah a été témoin au cours des deux dernières décennies, d’un processus de transformation urbaine ; elle coïncide avec des transformations en termes sociaux, économiques et politiques. En outre, l'avènement de l'Autorité palestinienne dans les années 1990 à Ramallah est un point important pour les Palestiniens du point de vue de leur territoire, avec également des répercussions néfastes sur le modèle urbain et sur le paysage. Cette thèse révèle un mécanisme de « leapfrog », une accélération dans le processus de croissance urbaine et l'expansion pour faire face à ces changements et à l'émergence de demandes urbaines en raison de la migration interneThis study presents an attempt to understand the process of transformation in Ramallah area of Palestine after 1993 due to the Oslo accord. The Introduction highlights the problem statement, the main aims of the study and its importance; also, the methodology has bee nfollowed. While the study contain two parts, each part have three chapters.Part one contains a brief description of the chronological development of the Palestinian urban and socio economic scene, in addition; in-depth analysis for the study area focusing on the role of the Israeli occupation that was contributed in demarcating the Palestinian scene.Otherwise, part two has analyses the drivers that have affected in the process of internal migration and urban growth. Then, the study tried to investigate the main changes that had occurred in the urban pattern through number of urban model.The study found that Ramallah area, during the past two decades, had witnessed an urban transformation process; coincide with the difference transformation in social, economic and political terms.Further more, the advent the Palestinian Authority in 1990s to Ramallah area gives the opportunity to be as an attractive point for the Palestinians over the Palestinian territory. In addition, affected adversely on the urban pattern and landscape.This thesis concludes that has revealed a leapfrog and acceleration in the process of urban growth and expansion in order to cope with and responded to the emergence of urban demands due to the internal migration
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Castelani, Sergio André. "Forests and cities: essays on urban growth and development in the Brazilian Amazon." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-06022014-171117/.
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The Brazilian Amazon has been undergoing a process of population growth and urbanization in recent decades. Its urban population increased from 42% to 71% between 1960 and 2010, and in the last decade, its overall population grew around 21%. Such rises bring important consequences not only economically, but also in environmental terms, especially considering that the largest remaining rainforest in the world is located within this region. Nevertheless, this scenario is still poorly addressed by literature. Bearing this in mind, this thesis aims to examine some economic and environmental aspects related to this context, and is specifically divided into three essays. Firstly, a spatial econometric approach is implemented, based on the framework of spatial economics models, in order to investigate whether this process of urbanization has been generating local economic growth and development. In the second essay, aiming to measure the environmental impacts of such population growth and urbanization, an Interregional Input-Output model is built, for the year of 2004, merging data regarding the productive structure and land use transition in the Brazilian Amazon. Specifically, this method allows the measurement of how much local deforestation may be attributed to the consumption of goods and services demanded by households living within the region, considering all direct and indirect production of inputs and outputs in every region of Brazil. Moreover, in order to capture the effects of local urbanization, special focus is given to the demands of the families living within the five Brazilian Amazon metropolitan regions. Finally, in the third essay, given that population growth and urbanization processes are directly related to migration flows, an econometric model was implemented in order to investigate the determinants of immigration and emigration flows between the Brazilian Amazon and the rest of Brazil. This estimation allowed the comparison of the reasons that have been driving the exit and the entry of individuals in the region. Such methodology makes use of estimators which take into account econometric problems commonly attributed by literature to the modeling of migration flows, such as the sample selection issue regarding the potential differences in skills between migrants and non-migrants. As main results, we find evidence that these local processes of urbanization and population growth have been causing a \"trade -off\" in the region: on the one hand, such processes seem to be driving local economic growth and development, but on the other, they also tend to increase regional deforestation. Furthermore, we find evidence that although the immigration and emigration flows of the Brazilian Amazon have been currently well-balanced, local vegetative growth still has been fueling such population growth and urbanization. Moreover, we find that the motivations which lead individuals to immigrate to the Brazilian Amazon are quite distinct from those that encourage people to leave it: whereas the former seek immediate higher levels of real income, the latter seem to move to cities with higher levels of education.A Amazônia Brasileira vem passando por um processo de crescimento populacional e urbanização nas últimas décadas. Sua população urbana passou de 42% para 71% entre 1960 e 2010, e na última década o crescimento populacional da região foi de 21%. Tais processos trazem consigo consequências importantes não apenas em termos econômicos, mas também em termos ambientais, especialmente se considerando que a maior floresta tropical do mundo está localizada nesta região. No entanto, este aspecto é ainda pouco estudado pela literatura econômica. Tendo isto em vista, este trabalho se propõe a estudar alguns aspectos econômicos e ambientais relacionados este quadro, divididos em três ensaios. No primeiro, são utilizados métodos de econometria espacial, baseados em modelos de economia espacial, para investigar se este processo de urbanização tem causado crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico local. No segundo ensaio, a fim de medir os impactos ambientais do crescimento populacional e da urbanização locais, informações a respeito da estrutura produtiva e do uso do solo na Amazônia Brasileira são cruzadas em um modelo Inter-regional de Insumo-Produto, que mede o quanto do desmatamento anual da floresta Amazônica é devido ao consumo de bens e serviços por parte das famílias que vivem na região, considerando toda a cadeia produtiva brasileira. A fim de capturar os efeitos da urbanização, foco especial é dado às demandas das famílias que vivem nas cinco regiões metropolitanas da Amazônia Brasileira. Por fim, no terceiro ensaio, devido ao fato de que urbanização e crescimento populacional são processos diretamente relacionados à migração de indivíduos, é desenvolvida uma metodologia econométrica que investiga os determinantes dos fluxos imigratórios e emigratórios entre a Amazônia Brasileira e o restante do Brasil, no intuito de comparar os motivos que causam a entrada e saída de pessoas na região. Tal metodologia faz uso de estimadores que levam em conta problemas comumente atribuídos pela literatura na modelagem de fluxos migratórios, como a questão da seleção amostral relativa a potenciais diferenças de habilidade entre populações de migrantes e de não migrantes. Como principais resultados, encontramos evidências de que tais processos de urbanização e crescimento populacional têm causado um \"trade-off\" econômico-ambiental na região: por um lado tais processos têm promovido o desenvolvimento e crescimento econômico local, mas por outro lado, eles também vêm causando aumento dos níveis do desmatamento regional. Além disso, encontramos evidência de que embora os fluxos imigratórios e emigratórios relativos à Amazônia encontrem-se equilibrados atualmente, o crescimento vegetativo local ainda alimenta os processo de crescimento populacional e urbanização. Finalmente, nossos resultados apontam que as motivações que levam indivíduos a se mudarem para a Amazônia são distintas daquelas que levam pessoas a se deixarem a região: enquanto os primeiros buscam maiores níveis imediatos de renda real, os últimos buscam mais claramente se mudarem para municípios com melhores níveis educacionais.
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Silva, Késia Anastácio Alves da 1988. "Circulando entre mares e morros : dinâmica migratória e tecnificação do espaço na Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte 1991/2010." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279656.
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Orientador: José Marcos Pinto da CunhaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Desde o século passado, o território brasileiro vem sendo caracterizado por profundas mudanças. Assim, observaram-se os processos incipientes de uma urbanização que, a princípio foi seletiva, com a concentração de atividades econômicas e de sua população em poucas cidades, com o incremento demográfico substancialmente nas metrópoles. A partir do terceiro terço do século XX a urbanização se tornou generalizada, mas, mesmo assim, concentrada. Todo esse processo de urbanização foi conduzido por mudanças nos modos de trabalho, observa-se que o desenvolvimento da história do território brasileiro foi acompanhado pelo desenvolvimento de técnicas, sendo que através desse instrumental, normativo e de trabalho, o homem produz, cria e realiza sua vida. O processo de tecnificação do espaço brasileiro foi da simples mecanização do espaço à criação de um meio técnico-científico-informacional. Porém, todo esse arcabouço técnico não é distribuído de forma igualitária pelo espaço, observa-se a concentração de meios mais modernos em determinadas regiões do país, como a região Sudeste, onde a divisão territorial do trabalho é mais intensa. No bojo desse processo de urbanização e modelagem do território por diferentes meios técnicos, distintos fluxos e dinâmicas demográficas caracterizaram os espaços, porém em alguns lugares com mais intensidade, por exemplo, a região Sudeste. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem o objetivo de depreender a relação entre tecnificação do espaço e o fenômeno da mobilidade espacial da população. Como unidade espacial de análise, tem-se a Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte. Localidade onde os processos históricos delinearam diferentes meios técnicos, observando-se em alguns a presença de um meio-técnico-cientifico-informacional e uma divisão territorial do trabalho mais intensa, tais lugares são caracterizados por uma maior circulação de pessoas, bem como pelas regularidades dos fluxos migratórios. As análises do fenômeno da mobilidade espacial da população bem como as características da população residente e migrante foram feitas com base nos censos demográficos de 1991, 2000 e 2010, evidenciando as distintas realidades demográficas e socioespaciais que demarcaram a região
Abstract: In the course of the last century, the Brazilian territory has been experienced hardly changes. In this way, incipient process of a initially selective urbanization was observed with a highly concentration of the economic activities and inhabitants located in a few towns mainly in the metropolitan regions. From the last five decades, the urbanization becomes widespread however in a concentrated form. All of these urbanization process was acconpanied by changes on it's ways of working, it show that the development from history of the brazilian territory and also was accompanied by techniques which through that worktool and procedure the men manufacture, get and come true in their lives. The technification process of brasilian space was from simple mechanization of space and a setting up of mean technical scientific informational. However, all these technique framework is not delivered equality by space, but it show a concentrated means more moderns on determinated regions like the Southern Region where the work division territorial is more intense. In the couse of this urbanization process and modelling territory by differents tecnics means, distincs flows and demograph dinamics circumscribed space, however in some places with more intensity, for instance, the southern region. Seen in this terms this work has the objective of surmising the relation between space technification and the phenomenon of population spatial mobility. Like analyisis spatial unit has a Metropolitan Region of Paraiba Valey and North Coast locality where the historic process circumscribed differents technical means, noting in something else the presence of a technical scientific informational milieu and a intense work territory division, such places are circumscribe by one of the most crowed people,just as well by regularities migration flows. The phenomenon analysis of population spatial mobility , such as the population characteristics migrant and resident were done based on demographic census of 1991.2000 and 2010 evidencing the different current demographic and socio-spatial which demarcated the region
Mestrado
Demografia
Mestra em Demografia
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Tzimakas, Menelaos. "La Macédoine grecque, populations, migrations et territoires depuis le début du XXème siècle." Phd thesis, Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales- INALCO PARIS - LANGUES O', 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024320.
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L'objet de l'étude est l'évolution de la composition et de la répartition géographique de la population de la Macédoine grecque de l'année 1913 (fixation de frontières actuelles) à nos jours. Les principales populations étudiées sont les populations grecque, musulmane, bulgare, population macédonienne orthodoxe de langue slave, juive, valaque, albanaise (selon les acceptions courantes qui seront définies). Cette évolution sur un siècle se décompose en cinq périodes, chacune étant liée à un ou plusieurs événements qui ont provoqué des migrations. Les causes, la modification de la composition des populations, les problèmes en découlant ainsi que des cartes et des statistiques sont présentées. Une synthèse permet de tirer des conclusions sur l'évolution de la population de la Macédoine et les problèmes associés à l'intégration des différentes minorités.
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Chagnollaud, Fanny. "La comunidad andine, du village au quartier : l’invention d’une culture andine urbaine à Ayacucho (Pérou)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100036.
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Située dans les Andes sud-centrales du Pérou, la ville d’Ayacucho a connu une expansion urbaine accélérée à partir des années 1950, nourrie par l’arrivée massive de migrants andins originaires des districts ruraux de la région. Aujourd’hui peuplée de plus de 151.000 habitants, elle apparaît comme un ensemble de quartiers agglomérés autour du centre historique colonial. La très grande majorité de ces quartiers est le résultat d’une invasion collective de terrains organisée par les migrants. Ce travail analyse les processus de formation et les modalités du fonctionnement quotidien de ces quartiers. Il montre comment, pour les fonder et assurer leur pérennité, les migrants ont reproduit les structures et les mécanismes sociaux andins traditionnels en les accommodant au milieu urbain. L’objectif de cette étude est de montrer comment ces migrants ont ainsi inventé une culture andine urbaine. Ces quartiers qu’ils ont construits constituent en effet une transposition en milieu urbain de la « comunidad » andine, généralement considérée comme une institution ruraleLocated in the south-central Andes of Peru, the city of Ayacucho underwent an accelerated urbanization process from the 1950’s, nourished by the massive arrival of immigrants from the Andean rural districts of the area. Peopled today with more than 151.000 inhabitants, it appears like a conglomerate of settlements gathered around the historical colonial centre of the city. A large majority of these settlements is the result of collective lands invasions organized by the immigrants. This work analyses the formation process and daily functioning of these settlements. It shows how, to found them and ensure their permanence, the immigrants reproduced the traditional Andean social structures and mechanisms, adapting them to the urban context. The objective of this study is to show that, by doing so, these immigrants invented an urban Andean culture. Those settlements they built are indeed a transposition in the urban environment of the Andean “comunidad”, generally considered a rural institution
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Camuçatto, Daniel Santana. "Religião e Periferia Urbana: as dinâmicas entre os processos urbanos e migratórios na Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus em Vila Alpina." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2014. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/322.
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Previous issue date: 2014-09-18Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This dissertation studies the dynamics between religion, urbanization, migration and urban sprawl in the Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus in Vila Alpina, a neighborhood in the city of São Paulo. The Brazilian urbanization process that began in the 1930s profoundly changed society, especially in the southeastern region of the country. Urbanization encouraged another important Brazilian phenomenon, migration flows, which collided to create in large cities centers of segregation, exclusion and social anomie. The present study analyzes which aspects of the Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus em Vila Alpina exerts an emancipatory role on the migrant population, reconstructing identities that were fragmented by constant migration and adaptation to new, and often, inadequate cultures. The social indicators of the Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus are studied, obtained from the statistical field, and are also linked and compared to the data with the statistics collected by the city, district and neighborhood Censo 2010. From this dense analysis, ethnographic aspects of church services are observed in order to provide an study on the practices of the church, its message, as well as to describe the religious identity of its participants. Lastly, questionnaires, interviews, and field observation of dense ethnographic aspects of the supporters of the church are investigated to verify the existence of sociais networks embraced by the church, religious associations and the accumulation of symbolic capital, aimed at emancipation and restructuring of the migrant subject.
Esta dissertação estuda as dinâmicas entre religião, urbanização, migração e periferia urbana na Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus em Vila Alpina. O processo de urbanização brasileiro inicia na década de 1930 e transforma profundamente a sociedade brasileira, especialmente a região sudeste do país. A urbanização incentivou importantes fenômenos sociais como: os fluxos migratórios, alta densidade demográfica e especulação imobiliária que ao colidiram nas grandes metrópoles criaram polos de segregação, exclusão e anomia social. O estudo análise em quais aspectos a Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus em Vila Alpina exerce papel de emancipadora da população migrante, reconstruindo identidades fragmentas pelos constantes fluxos migratórios e a adaptação a inadequação das novas culturas. São estudados os indicadores sociais da Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus, a partir do campo estatístico, vinculando e comparando os dados obtidos com as estatísticas realizadas pelo Censo 2010 da cidade, do distrito e do bairro. A partir de uma observação densa é levantado aspectos etnográficos dos cultos da igreja a fim de estabelecer uma análise das práticas da igreja, mensagem e identidade religiosa de seus participantes. Por fim é elaborada, a partir de aplicação de questionários, realização de entrevistas e densa observação de campo aspectos etnográficos dos adeptos da igreja, e verificação da existência de redes sociais abarcadas na igreja, associativismo religiosos e o acumulo do capital simbólico, visando a emancipação e reestruturação do sujeito migrante.
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Bechini, Thibault. "Des villes migrantes : Marseille, Buenos Aires : construire et habiter les périphéries urbaines au temps des migrations italiennes (1860-1914)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H090.
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Entre le milieu du XIXe siècle et la Première Guerre mondiale, Marseille et Buenos Aires connaissent une expansion urbaine sans précèdent, étroitement liée à l'arrivée dans ces deux villes de nombreux migrants originaires de la péninsule italienne. Dans une perspective comparée, ce travail étudie la territorialisation de la présence italienne dans les quartiers périphériques des deux ports ; il met en évidence la contribution des migrants aux mutations techniques et typologiques qui affectent le secteur de la construction dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle. Dans une perspective translocale, la thèse étudie des circulations humaines et matérielles qui permettent de faire une lecture réticulée des transformations urbaines au temps des migrations italiennes. Après avoir rappelé le rôle joué par les Italiens dans la mise en contact des deux ports et avoir analysé l'organisation sociale dans les quartiers périphériques au début de la période, ce travail étudie la contribution des migrants italiens à la transformation des modes de production de la ville ordinaire entre les années 1860 et le début du XXe siècle. Pour ce faire, l'analyse recourt principalement aux minutes des juridictions civiles, justice de paix et tribunal de première instance, qui sont compétentes pour régler un grand nombre de litiges ayant trait à la propriété, à la construction et aux marches immobilier et locatif. La reconstitution de trajectoires résidentielles et professionnelles permet d'observer la manière dont les migrants italiens investissent les périphéries urbaines, comme habitants et comme travailleurs spécialistes du bâtiment. Selon les contextes d'installation, il est alors possible de souligner des différences en matière de spécialisation professionnelle ; parallèlement, sont mises en évidence les appropriations divergentes des techniques et des matériaux de construction dont on suit la circulation dans l'espace euro-américain. Enfin, l'étude montre comment changement technique et changement social modifient les interactions économiques et les aspirations politiques dans les quartiers périphériques à la veille de la Première Guerre mondialeBetween the mid-19th century and the First World War, Marseille and Buenos Aires experienced unprecedented urban expansion, closely linked to the arrival in these two cities of many migrants from the Italian peninsula. In a comparative perspective, this work studies the territorialisation of the Italian presence in the peripheral districts of the two ports; it highlights the contribution of migrants to the technical and typological changes which affected the construction sector in the second half of the 19th century. In a translocal perspective, the thesis studies human and material circulation which allows a reticulated reading of the urban transformations at the time of the Italian migrations. After recalling the role played by Italians in bringing the two ports into contact and analysing the social organisation in the peripheral districts at the beginning of the period, this work studies the contribution of Italian migrants to the transformation of the modes of production of the ordinary city between the 1860s and the beginning of the 20th century. To do so, the analysis mainly uses the minutes of the civil courts, justice of the peace and the court of first instance, which are competent to settle a large number of disputes relating to property, construction and the real estate and rental markets. The reconstruction of residential and professional trajectories allows us to observe how Italian migrants settled in the urban peripheries, both as inhabitants and as construction workers. According to the contexts of settlement, it is then possible to highlight differences in professional specialisation; at the same time, the construction techniques and materials whose circulation is followed in the Euro-American space are the subject of divergent appropriations. Finally, the study shows how technical and social change altered economic interactions and political aspirations in the peripheral neighbourhoods on the eve of the First World War
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Cumoli, Flavia. "Periferie e mondi operai: immigrazione, spazi sociali e ambiti culturali negli anni '50." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210345.
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Notre thèse analyse le rapport entre pratiques sociales d’intégration d’immigrés, modèles d’installation et processus de transformation de la morphologie urbaine dans deux études de cas qui se prêtent à une comparaison stimulante. D’un côté, nous avons le cas de l’émigration italienne interne vers un pole industriel de la banlieue métropolitaine milanaise (Sesto San Giovanni); de l’autre côté, celui de l’émigration italienne internationale dans une agglomération des bassins miniers wallons (La Louvière). Il s’agit de deux contextes d’insertion fort différents du point de vue de la morphologie sociale et de l’organisation territoriale, qui profilent des espaces hybrides entre rural et urbain en profonde et rapide transformation, à cause des flux massifs de la main d’œuvre immigrée. Ces différences nous permettent de mettre à l’épreuve de l’analyse comparée les conceptions sociologiques et les parcours historiques de l’intégration, du tissu sociale qui en est à la base, de la citoyenneté, de la construction d’identités collectives, afin de dépasser les dichotomies stéréotypées entre rural/urbain, tradition/modernité, intégration/conflit, migration interne/internationale. La thèse développe une analyse parallèle des deux études de cas en suivant un fil argumentatif unitaire, qui s’ouvre avec une enquête sur les flux migratoires et les contextes d’accueil des migrations. Dans les deux premiers chapitres nous avons analysé le contexte économique, social et territorial dans lequel s’inscrivent les processus migratoires. Pour le cas belge, nous avons analysé le cycle de l’industrie charbonnière, le processus de dépopulation de la Wallonie et les mécanismes qui règlent les flux, c'est-à-dire une migration contractée par les deux gouvernements. En ce qui concerne le cas milanais, nous avons tracé les contours de la très rapide urbanisation, qui a conduit toute une série de communes limitrophes à Milan à entrer dans l’orbite métropolitaine et à se qualifier comme des pôles périphériques.
Après avoir tracé les contours du cadre général, nous avons fait face, dans la deuxième partie, à la question plus spécifique du logement et des formes d’installations. Pour le cas louviérois, nous avons reconstruit les conditions de logement et la très difficile confrontation des premiers immigrés avec le monde du travail charbonnier, l’absence d’une initiative publique dans le secteur du logement jusqu’en 1954, faiblement compensé par l’initiative patronale, et la phase suivante des années 1950, qui a mené à la stabilisation des immigrés dans la région. De Sesto San Giovanni nous avons reconstruit la transition complexe vers la périphérie métropolitaine, à partir des installations rurales jusqu’aux politiques publiques locales et nationales de construction de grands ensembles, en soulignant comment cette intervention urbanistique était au centre d’un débat très vif sur l’aménagement du territoire, qui a débouché sur la création d’institutions administratives régionales. Dans la dernière partie de la recherche nous avons plutôt approfondi les aspects sociaux et culturels des parcours d’installation et d’intégration dans les deux tissus urbains. C’est en cette partie que nous avons utilisé davantage les sources orales, afin d’analyser les perceptions de soi, les mécanismes de construction de l’identité sociale et donc tous les changements que la migration, le rencontre avec la ville et l’industrie ont entraîné dans les organisations familiales, dans les perspectives de vie, les aspirations et les projets des migrants. À partir de l’analyse de ces parcours, dans le chapitre conclusif nous avons interrogé quelques catégories historiques et sociologiques classiques des études migratoires: d’abord le sens d’appartenance à la communauté d’origine et le développement d’un sens d’identité nationale, ensuite le processus de formation d’une solidarité de classe, qui dans les deux contextes a pris des formes sensiblement distinctes surtout par rapport aux différences dans la mémoire de l’expérience migratoire.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Guang, Lei. "The state, market and the political economy of peasant migration in contemporary China." 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/46977057.html.
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Miheretu, Birhan Asmame. "Causes and consequences of rural-urban migration: the case of Woldiya town, North Ethiopia." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4756.
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In developing countries like Ethiopia rural-urban migration affects development in both urban and rural areas. As such, this study aims at establishing the major causes and consequences of the movement of people from rural to urban areas. To achieve the objective 500 migrant household heads were selected randomly from three kebeles of the town. Both primary and secondary data were employed and were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The study revealed that migrants came to Woldiya in search of employment and to utilize urban services and education. Hence, the out flow of economically active people from the rural agricultural sector has a negative effect on production in the areas of origin and the receiving area now experiences problems such as a shortage of housing, unemployment, increasing cost of living, lack of access to social services, Therefore, to mitigate the problem of rural-urban migration is launching of integrated rural development policyGeography
M.A. (Geography)
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Christensen, Peter Richard. "Relevance of the Todaro model in explaining Black migration to and within the Durban Functional Region." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/6446.
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Until recently it was fashionable to describe Durban as one of the fastest growing cities in the world. For those who held this view, the proliferation of informal settlements in and around the city pointed to massive rural-urban in-migration from the rural areas. Migration, itself, it was conceived, was typically the outcome of a direct move from the rural areas, whereby the migrant simply arrived in the city and took to squatting on any available land he or she could find. In actuality, while research has pointed out that substantial rural-urban in-migration is indeed a feature of the urban landscape, little light has been shed on the extent and nature of such migration. The aim of this dissertation is therefore to elucidate on these two features of the migration phenomenon. Through the application of the Todaro model of migration it is hoped that an understanding of the driving force behind migration to and within the Durban Functional Region could also be achieved.Thesis (M.Com.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1994.
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Kihato, Caroline Wanjiku. "Migration, gender and urbanisation in Johannesburg." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2693.
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This thesis interrogates the dynamics of urbanisation, gender and migration in
contemporary Johannesburg through the voices and images of migrant women
from the rest of the African continent, now living in Johannesburg. By revealing
the lives of a population group that is often hidden from view, it provides details
of women’s migration to Johannesburg, and their everyday encounters in the
host city. Using these experiences, it sheds light on contemporary migration and
urbanisation processes on the continent, expanding our knowledge of the contours
of power that shape urban life in Johannesburg and elsewhere.
Using the metaphor of the “border” or “borderlands” this thesis explores
how women negotiate, cross and remain “in between” the multiple physical,
social and imagined borders they encounter in the city. It finds that analyses that
read the city through class relationships and capital accumulation do not give
adequate weight to the multiple identities and forms of solidarity that exist in
cities. Women’s narratives reveal that while their class is an important identity,
other identities such as ethnicity, nationality and gender also powerfully shape
solidarity and modes of belonging in the city. Moreover, state-centric governance
frameworks that have dominated urban policy and scholarly work on the
continent are often blinded to the ways in which urban dweller’s actions shift our
understanding of the nature and character of state power. Women’s encounters
with the state reveal the multiple regimes of power that constitute the city, and the
ways in which these subvert, fragment, and yet at times reinforce state power in
unpredictable ways.
The epistemological approach and findings of this research bring to the
fore broader questions around the paradigmatic lenses used to read, interpret and
understand African cities. Dominant paradigms tend to draw on western models
of cities in ways that undermine African cities’ empirical realities and theoretical
potential. For as long as scholars and policy makers fail to see African urbanity in
its own terms rather than in relation to how cities elsewhere have evolved, we will
continue to miss critical socio-political and economic dynamics that are shaping
urbanisation in the twenty first century.Sociology
D. Phil. (Sociology))
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Heřmanová, Marie. "Doma cizincem: hledání indiánské identity na předměstí glokálního mexického města." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-296489.
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of diploma thesis Title: Strangers at home - In Search of Indigenous Identity at the Suburbs of a Glocal Mexican City Student: Marie Heřmanová Tutor: Mgr. Radovan Haluzík The presented thesis is based on a fieldwork realized during five months in the city of San Cristobal de Las Casas, Chiapas in south of Mexico and deals with different strategies through which are young Tzotziles and Tzeltales living in the new suburbs of the old colonial city constructing their identity. Main axes of the thesis are first the relationship of these young people to the native communities of their parents and second to the rich and turistic city centre. As a main ethnographic method I use participant observation and also the material culture studies ( the tesis focus mostly on identification through visage and consequently on the consitution of identity through styles and modes of dressing).
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Bariola, Nino. "Migration, ethnic economy and precarious citizenship among urban indigenous people." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/27556.
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This thesis contributes to our understanding of the impacts of political, social and economic dynamics of contemporary “free-market cities” on indigenous people that leave their traditional territories to settle on Latin American metropolises. The thesis examines the case of indigenous Shipibo migrants from the Amazon that have occupied in Lima, Peru a landfill site owned by the municipal government, and developed there a shantytown. The analyzes of the case sheds light on the innovative strategies that the Shipibo resort to in order to survive in the absence of formal jobs and social programs, and even despite recurrent threats to their social and cultural rights. Through the production of traditional handicraft, they collectively become ethnic entrepreneurs and enter the vast urban informal economy. Beside its interesting consequences for local politics and gender relations, this ethnic economic practice also becomes a way of group making and community building. After prolonged waits –during which the state appeared intermittently and with ambiguous messages–, the Shipibo finally face they most dreaded fear: eviction. Upon confronting this situation, and lacking the clientelistic networks in which Andean migrant peasants could count on in past decades, the Shipibo utilize a innovative repertoire of contained contention to appeal to the leftist municipal authority and thus articulate functional alliances with the goal of gaining land tenure.text
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Zaidi, Syed Hashim. "Urban poverty in Pakistan." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3355.
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This report analyzes the spatial shift occurring in the nature of poverty in Pakistan. Given the rapid urban growth in Pakistan, poor families residing in cities are confronted with limited employment opportunities, poor living conditions, minimal access to services, and face environmental and health risks. Macroeconomic factors such as slow economic growth, Structural Adjustment Programs, food inflation, low job creation rate and housing crisis have all contributed to the rise in urban poverty. The weak local government structure and a lack of community involvement in governance decisions have only worsened the situation. With a burgeoning urban population, it is imperative that the government introduces a holistic pro-poor development package that focuses on interventions in the education, labor and housing markets across Pakistan.text
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Bahizi, Thierry. "The response of the Anglican Diocese of Bujumbura to the challenge of urbanization in Burundi." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22022.
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The study explores the response of the Anglican diocese of Bujumbura to the challenge of urbanization, especially in the area of urban poverty. The introductory Chapter provides the framework within which the study will be conducted. It also includes a literature review, which is devoted to urban poverty showing how it could be addressed. In Chapter 2, the study analyses the context of urbanization in Burundi, particularly in the Bujumbura municipality, where urban poverty is reported to be high. It then highlights the Church’s missionary calling when it comes to the challenges of urbanization. Chapter 3 reports the findings of interviews and focus groups conducted with members of the nine Anglican parishes serving the Bujumbura residents. These findings are interpreted in Chapter 4 through the lens of the praxis cycle. Chapter 5 provides an effective model in the context of urban poverty.
The study explored through the reasons behind urban poverty and proposes effective solutions to it. It aims at sensitizing the Church to be concerned about urban ministry and suggests an efficient model for eradicating poverty and bringing about a transformed community to be enjoyed by all the residents. This model will inspire both the Anglican Church, the other denominations, the faith-based organisations and whoever strives to serve urban residents.Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology
D. Th. (Missiology-with specialisation in Urban Ministry)
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Mabudusha, Sekgololo Angel. "The policing of illegal squatting in the greenbelts within Weltevreden Park area." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3458.
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After South Africa’s democratisation in 1994, the areas which had been deemed “only for whites” within the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality (CoJ) were opened to all citizens. These changes attracted a high in-migration of people seeking better living in the CoJ. This influx not only challenged the provision of employment but also impacted negatively on the availability of land and housing and on the maintenance of safety and security by the police. Lack of accommodation forced immigrants to squat in the open spaces (including in the greenbelts) within the CoJ.
A literature review provided an understanding of this problem locally and internationally. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with the affected stakeholders. The findings showed that the measures needed to combat the causes of illegal squatting are beyond police control. The involvement of departments such as Human Development, Labour, Home Affairs and Environmental Management is needed for a successful solution to the problem.Police Practice
M. Tech.(Policing)