Academic literature on the topic 'Rural-urban migration strategies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Rural-urban migration strategies"
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Gugler, Josef. "The Son of the Hawk Does Not Remain Abroad: The Urban–Rural Connection in Africa." African Studies Review 45, no. 1 (April 2002): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000202060003153x.
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Abstract:Most rural–urban migrants maintain significant ties with their communities of origin in Africa south of the Sahara. Contrary to “modernist” assumptions that these ties would fade away, they often continue to be strong. This urban–rural connection has important consequences for rural–urban migration, for urban–rural return migration, for the rural economy, and for the political process. To understand the processes underpinning the urban–rural connection we need to distinguish different migration strategies and to deconstruct the notion of “rural.” Depending on their migration strategies, urban residents connect with a range of actors at the rural end: more or less closely related kin, kinship groups, non-kin groups, villages, larger political entities. These connections play out differently for men and women.
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Guang, Lei. "The State Connection in China's Rural-Urban Migration." International Migration Review 39, no. 2 (June 2005): 354–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2005.tb00270.x.
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This study explores the role of China's rural local state-owned and urban state-owned units in its rural-urban migration process. Most studies on Chinese migration have focused on migrants moving from rural to urban areas through informal mechanisms outside of the state's control. They therefore treat the Chinese state as an obstructionist force and dismiss its facilitative role in the migration process. By documenting rural local states' “labor export” strategies and urban state units' employment of millions of peasants, this article provides a corrective to the existing literature. It highlights and explains the state connection in China's rural-urban migration. Labor is … a special kind of commodity. What we do is to fetch a good price for this special commodity. Labor bureau official from Laomei county, 1996 If we want efficiency, we have to hire migrant workers. Party secretary of a state textile factory in Shanghai, 1997
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Cheng, Yang, Mark Rosenberg, Rachel Winterton, Irene Blackberry, and Siyao Gao. "Mobilities of Older Chinese Rural-Urban Migrants: A Case Study in Beijing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (February 8, 2019): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030488.
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Along with the rapid urbanization process in Beijing, China, the number of older rural-urban migrants is increasing. This study aims to understand how Chinese rural-urban migration in older age is influenced by, and impacts on the migrants’ mobilities. This study draws on a new conceptual framework of mobile vulnerability, influenced by physical, economic, institutional, social and cultural mobility, to understand older people’ experiences of migration from rural to urban areas. Forty-five structured in-depth interviews with older rural-urban migrants aged 55 and over were undertaken in four study sites in Beijing, using the constant comparative method. Results demonstrate that rural household registration (hukou) is an important factor that restricts rural older migrants’ institutional mobility. As older migrants’ physical mobility declines, their mobile vulnerability increases. Economic mobility is the key factor that influences their intention to stay in Beijing. Older migrants also described coping strategies to improve their socio-cultural mobility post-migration. These findings will inform service planning for older rural-urban migrants aimed at maintaining their health and wellbeing.
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Peng, Wenjia, Brian E. Robinson, Hua Zheng, Cong Li, Fengchun Wang, and Ruonan Li. "Telecoupled Sustainable Livelihoods in an Era of Rural–Urban Dynamics: The Case of China." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 13, 2019): 2716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092716.
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Recently, increasingly sophisticated studies have investigated the relationship between agrarian livelihoods and the environment, as well as rural–urban interactions in developing countries. The policies developed to respond to these dynamics can constrain livelihood options or provide additional opportunities. In the present study, using a modified version of the telecoupled sustainable livelihood framework to generalize dynamic livelihood strategies in the context of rural–urban transformation and by focusing on recent research in China, we review important factors that shape rural livelihood strategies as well as the types of strategies that typically intersect with livelihood and environmental dynamics. We then examine telecoupled rural–urban linkages given that the dynamics of the livelihood strategies of farmers can cause flows of labor, capital, ecosystem services, and other processes between rural and urban areas, thereby placing livelihood strategies in a dynamic context, which has not been considered widely in previous research. We show that most previous studies focused on the reduction of environmental impacts via livelihood diversification and rural–urban migration. We propose several areas for future policy development and research.
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Bakre, Olayemi, and Nirmala Dorasamy. "Driving urban-rural migration through investment in water resource management in subsistence farming: the case of Machibini." Environmental Economics 8, no. 1 (April 12, 2017): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.08(1).2017.07.
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The once thriving subsistence farming community of Machibini is currently defunct due to water shortages, inadequacy of governmental support and better livelihood in urban communities. This community alongside its neighbouring communities is characterized by poverty. A variety of strategies and initiatives has been initiated to address the cyclical poverty amongst these communities. This paucity has driven the youths to urban centres as a means of securing a better livelihood. More so, the constant ebb of mass rural-urban migration has created voluminous challenges. As an agendum to creating a viable farming community in Machibini and “instigating an urban-rural migration”, the paper recommends the reallocation of the surplus budgets of this community to the investment of water resource management as a strategy of transforming the subsistence into commercial farming, thereby creating employment opportunities for the unemployed rural, as well as urban dwellers, while reducing poverty to a reasonable extent.
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Mpandeli, Sylvester, Luxon Nhamo, Sithabile Hlahla, Dhesigen Naidoo, Stanley Liphadzi, Albert Thembinkosi Modi, and Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi. "Migration under Climate Change in Southern Africa: A Nexus Planning Perspective." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 4722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114722.
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Population increase is exacerbating resource insecurities due to increased demand for already depleted resources. Coupled with climate change, they are the main drivers of both intra- (rural-urban and urban-urban) and inter-migration (from one country to the other). We carried out a systematic review of literature, focusing on available options to ensure water and food security, as well as improve the socio-economic environment, highlighting the drivers of migration in southern Africa. The aim was to develop informed adaptation strategies and build resilience in the advent of accelerated migration. We developed a migration conceptual framework based on the nexus between water, food and socio-economic interlinkages. Urban areas in southern Africa are under immense pressure to accommodate climate refugees from resource stressed rural areas, a situation that is impacting on agricultural production. Most urban areas are exceeding their ecological thresholds to support the built environment, causing some socio-ecological challenges. Nexus planning can inform adaptation planning on permissible migration that are aligned with regional goals such as regional integration, poverty reduction and improved livelihoods. This would also contribute to the region’s achievements of the Sustainable Development Goals. Furthermore, through the identification of synergies and trade-offs, nexus planning can inform regional adaptation strategies for positively managing migration leading to sustainable outcomes.
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Agwu, A. E., I. Q. Anugwa, and C. F. Ifeonu. "Stemming rural-urban migration through agricultural development: Can Nigeria apply the lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic?" Agro-Science 20, no. 4 (October 27, 2021): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v20i4.5.
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Nigeria has one of the highest population growth rates in the world resulting to rapid urbanization and an enormous increase in the population leaving rural areas and now living in urban centres. In spite of the increased emphasis on rural development, rural-urban migration has persisted mainly due to the farmerherder conflict situation, poverty, lack of job opportunities, insecurity and gross inadequacy of social infrastructures in the rural areas. This mass migration and other factors have put Nigeria in an emergency food and nutrition insecure situation. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, there was already an existing gap in the Nigerian food system, which led to the importation of food items to augment local production in order to meet local demand. However, the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic undermined efforts to achieve SDG 2 as the country witnessed not only a major disruption to food supply chains in the wake of lockdowns and movement restrictions triggered by the global health crisis, but also a major economic slowdown. The commerce, service, and agricultural sectors were the hardest hit by the spread of the virus and the effects are different along the rural-urban continuum. The vacuum created by the migration of people from the rural to urban areas led to reduction of farm yields, while the urban areas were particularly affected in terms of food supply from rural areas as a result of movement restrictions made during the height of the pandemic. More urbanised areas may be harder hit than remote rural areas if connectivity remains broken down, as most food crops are produced in the rural and semi-rural areas. This paper recommends strategies and policies aimed at reducing poverty, food insecurity and inequality across the urban-rural continuum through agricultural development. This will assist in addressing the adverse drivers of migration with particular focus on improving the social and economic conditions of rural areas.
Key words: agricultural development, COVID-19, food security, rural-urban migration
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Liu, Ran. "Incomplete Urbanization and the Trans-Local Rural-Urban Gradient in China: From a Perspective of New Economics of Labor Migration." Land 11, no. 2 (February 13, 2022): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11020282.
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The urbanization in China is “incomplete” and the migration of non-hukou migrants is circular, wherein rural migrants often keep their rural land in the home village as a social safety net. The informal housing market is one of the main housing providers for migrant workers. Existing studies see informal housing as the migrants’ passive choice under the discriminatory hukou system, while underplaying the migrants’ familial multi-site tenure strategies between village homes and city places. As suggested by New Economics of Labor Migration (NELM), attachment to a place of origin (such as keeping hometown lands), while choosing informal housing at the destination, is a familial utility maximization strategy that can control risks when migrating between locations. Informal housing areas, therefore, become a trans-local rural-urban gradient and semi-urban landscape. We use the 2017 Migrant Dynamics Monitoring Survey data and the binary logistic regression to examine (a) whether hometown landowning is a significant predictor of the migrants’ choosing of a temporary stay in informal settlements in urban destinations, and (b) which kind of hometown land arrangement (farmland or homestead holding or both of them) is the strongest indicator of the higher probability of staying in informal settlements in urban destinations? The data analysis reveals that homestead in hometown is a more prominent pulling factor than farmland to “glue” rural migrants together within an integrated rural land “insurance regime” between the migrant-sending and -receiving places. The land-use and informal housing governance (including urban village demolition) ignore the trans-local nature of the migratory networks and semi-urbanizing dynamics. The traditional analysis of the rural-urban gradient with many landscapes should consider the functional and tenurial linkage between the locations at different points along with the complex migration activities.
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Lesetedi, Gwen N. "Urban-rural linkages as an urban survival strategy among urban dwellers in Botswana: the case of Broadhurst residents." Journal of Political Ecology 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2003): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v10i1.21649.
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This paper studies the role of urban-rural linkages as survival strategies and as a form of economic security in the face of increasing levels of urban unemployment. The study focuses on the residents of Broad hurst,a suburb of Gaborone, Botswana and presents the result of a survey of 360 households.The households contained 1560 people of whom 90.9% were 45 years old or less. Urban-rural linkages included the continuation of part time work and residence in the rural area and the continued management of land and livestock in the rural area. In all, 91.9% of the households interviewed owned property in rural areas while 70.3% owned residential land, 64.7% owned farmland, 63.9% owned livestock, 56.7% owned grazing lands, 14.4% owned business plots and an additional 9.4% owned other forms of rural property. Linkages with the rural area were reinforced through participation in social activities, exchange of goods and services, and the consultation with rural people primarily over family matters and the consultation by rural relatives on work or financial matters.Key words: urban-rural linkages, survival strategy, economic security, Botswana, Gaborone, Broadhurst, rural-urban migration, migrants, land tenure, property, livestock, household, rural development, urban survey.
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Carson, Dean, Katherine Punshon, Matthew McGrail, and Rebecca Kippen. "Comparing rural and regional migration patterns of Australian medical general practitioners with other professions: implications for rural workforce strategies." Australian Population Studies 1, no. 1 (November 19, 2017): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37970/aps.v1i1.12.
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Background: The shortage of professional workers in rural and regional Australia continues as a major policy challenge. There has been substantially more strategy investment for the medical general practitioner (GP) profession than for other professions, particularly at the start of their careers.
Aims: To examine differences between domestic migration patterns of GPs and other professionals to rural and regional zones in Australia for younger, mid-life and older workers.
Data and methods: Data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2011 Census were used to examine five-year migration rates for professionals in five ABS occupational classifications: generalist medical practitioners (GPs); engineering professionals; legal professionals; education professionals; and other health professionals. Migration volumes were benchmarked for GPs and compared both for other professions and career stage.
Results: GPs were less likely than other professionals to migrate from major urban to rural zones, regional to rural zones, or rural to regional zones. Younger GPs had the highest rural migration rates, while mid-life and older GPs were least likely to migrate to rural and regional zones. In contrast, increasingly age was associated positively with migration to rural zones for those in the other four professions.
Conclusions: Despite concerted policy efforts to encourage more GPs to move to rural areas, overall rural migration rates for GPs are lower than for other professionals, especially for older workers. Further investigation of the links between GP migration patterns and workforce policies needs to be undertaken to inform the application or otherwise of workforce strategies used by other professions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rural-urban migration strategies"
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Sinclair, Marion Ryan. "The experience of exclusion : strategies of adaptation among immigrants in post-apartheid urban South Africa /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10833.
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Siciliano, Giuseppina <1976>. "Integrated approaches for evaluating development strategies in rural areas: case studies from Italy and China." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/933.
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L’obbiettivo della presente tesi e’ duplice: (i) analizzare la possibile integrazione di modelli multiscala e multicriteriali per valutare l’efficacia di politiche di sviluppo rurale nel raggiungimento di obiettivi di sostenibilita’; (ii) esplorare, tramite l’applicazione dei suddetti modelli, gli impatti economici, ambientali e sociali di specifiche strategie di sviluppo rurale in due aree di studio localizzate in Italia e Cina. L’analisi si basa sulla selezione e valutazione di indicatori multidimensionali, che fanno riferimento ai principali obiettivi delle politiche studiate. Inoltre, un’analisi multiscala e’ realizzata per definire i possibili limiti e trade-off di future politiche di sviluppo a diverse scale di analisi. L’utilizzo delle due metodologie si e’ dimostrato particolarmente efficace per la realizzazione di uno studio integrato in grado di rappresentare, tramite analisi qualitative e quantitative, l’aspetto multidimensionale delle politiche di sviluppo rurale.The objective of this thesis is twofold: (1) to investigate the synergies arising from the implementation of multi-scale and multi-criteria approaches in the evaluation of rural development policies (RDP); (2) to explore the impacts and trade-offs of RDP in two selected case studies located in Italy and China. The thesis argues that multi-criteria and multi-scale approaches can be combined to provide a useful framework with which to structure an integrated analysis of RDP in order to assess their effectiveness in achieving sustainability goals across scales. The analysis is performed by selecting and evaluating multidimensional criteria, which represent the main goals of development policies in the areas of study. Moreover, multi-scale analysis is performed to define boundary conditions and trade-offs for future local development. The use of the two methodologies appears to be very significant to capture both the multidimensional and multi-scale aspects of the Rural Development Policies analysed and to generate several sets of “view-dependent” representations of rural systems that are useful for trade-off assessments.
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Bove, Sarah. "Migration strategies in Africa: the role of gender, households and social networks." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/2561.
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Esta tese é uma reflexão sobre as relações que se estabelecem entre o género, o agregado familiar e redes sociais, realçando a forma como se articulam, através do espaço e do tempo, para caracterizar os padrões da migração rural-urbana na África Subsariana. A migração interna e externa não será diferenciada aqui, sendo que os migrantes vêm a migração intra-regional e intra-continental como extensão do movimento interno.
Partindo do pressuposto que a migração é uma construção social que influencia e é influenciada pelo género, a contribuição desta tese é realçar o papel do género nos processos migratórios, e acentuar como afecta cada fase das estratégias de migração do agregado familiar e das redes sociais em África. Até agora, estas estratégias dinâmicas foram concebidas à luz de padrões de migração de fluxos migratórios da América Latina e Ásia para América do Norte e Europa; enquanto as migrações Africanas são normalmente analisadas numa perspectiva mais estática, tendo por base explicações históricas, económicas e de desenvolvimento.
A perspectiva genderizada da migração mostra como o género penetra várias identidades e instituições ligadas às migrações, e como esta estabelece as bases para analisar os factores estruturais, como o agregado familiar, que condicionam as relações de género. Uma perspectiva genderizada da estratégia do agregado familiar, da teoria das redes sociais nas migrações e do transnacionalismo demonstra como as relações de poder dentro do agregado formam os processos de decisão, redes sociais genderizadas e as ligações entre amigos e família que facilitam e sustentam a migração feminina.This thesis is a reflection on the complex relationships that are established between gender, households and social networks, highlighting the way in which they come together, across space and time, to characterise rural-urban migration patterns in Sub-Saharan Africa. Internal and international migration will not be differentiated in this dissertation, as migrants tend to regard intra-regional and intra-continental migration in Africa as an extension of internal movement. Based on the premise that migration is a social construct that influences and is influenced by gender differentiation, the contribution of this thesis is to highlight the role of gender in migration processes, and stress how it affects every phase of household and migration network strategies in Africa. Until now, these dynamic strategies have been conceived in light of migration and assimilation patterns of migration flows from Southern Europe, Latin America and South Asia into North America, Europe, and other traditional countries of immigration; whereas Sub-Saharan African migrations have usually been analysed in view of a more static historical, economic or development perspective. A gendered perspective of migration shows how female and male gender permeates various practices, identities and institutions related to migration and how it lays the foundation for analysing the structural factors, in this case households, which condition gender relations. A gendered perspective of household strategy, migration network theory and transnationalism demonstrates how intra-household relations of power shape migration decision-making processes, the gendered nature of social networks and the ties between friends and family that facilitate and sustain female migration.
Books on the topic "Rural-urban migration strategies"
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Igbozurike, Martin. Strategies for rural development in Nigeria. Zaria, Nigeria: Ahmadu Bello University Press, 1989.
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Holm, Mogens. Urban migrants' strategies for a better living through education: The experiences from a study of migrant households in two Tanzanian intermediate towns. Copenhagen, Denmark: Centre for Development Research, 1996.
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Kaufmann, Lena. Rural-Urban Migration and Agro-Technological Change in Post-Reform China. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729734.
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How do rural Chinese households deal with the conflicting pressures of migrating into cities to work as well as staying at home to preserve their fields? This is particularly challenging for rice farmers, because paddy fields have to be cultivated continuously to retain their soil quality and value. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and written sources, Rural-Urban Migration and Agro-Technological Change in Post-Reform China describes farming households' strategic solutions to this predicament. It shows how, in light of rural-urban migration and agro-technological change, they manage to sustain both migration and farming. It innovatively conceives rural households as part of a larger farming community of practice that spans both staying and migrating household members and their material world. Focusing on one exemplary resource - paddy fields - it argues that socio-technical resources are key factors in understanding migration flows and migrant-home relations. Overall, this book provides rare insights into the rural side of migration and farmers' knowledge and agency.
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Rajagopalan, S. Rural-Urban Migration: Trends, Challenges and Strategies. SBS Publishers & Distributors, 2012.
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Sun, Li. Rural Urban Migration and Policy Intervention in China: Migrant Workers' Coping Strategies. Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.
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Sun, Li. Rural Urban Migration and Policy Intervention in China: Migrant Workers' Coping Strategies. Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.
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Circular Migration And Multilocational Livelihood Strategies In Rural India. Oxford University Press, USA, 2009.
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Zhang, Mingqiong Mike. Institution of Hukou-Based Social Exclusion in Contemporary China and Strategies of Multinationals: An Institutional Analysis. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2016.
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LaRoche, Cheryl Janifer. Destination Freedom. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038044.003.0010.
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By focusing on the geography of resistance and its landscape features in four different Black settlements, this book has cast a different light on the nature of Black escape from slavery and the history of Underground Railroad activities. It has shown that free Blacks carried out much of the clandestine work of the Underground Railroad as they sought freedom in pre-Civil War America, thus contributing in a significant way to the efforts inside one of the world's most successful resistance movements. Whether urban or rural, Black settlements positioned at the borders between northern and southern states or at other critical junctures acted as the first line of freedom while simultaneously offering sanctuary to escaping captives. The book has also highlighted migration as a means of escape for fleeing slaves, as well as the crucial roles played by Black churches, Black families, and Black abolitionists in the success of the Black underground. This concluding chapter summaries the book's research strategies and the future implications of its findings for reshaping modern interpretation of the Underground Railroad.
Book chapters on the topic "Rural-urban migration strategies"
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Kelly, Ashley Scott, and Xiaoxuan Lu. "Western Alternative Development and Chinese Development." In Critical Landscape Planning during the Belt and Road Initiative, 127–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4067-4_6.
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AbstractThis chapter, Western alternative development and Chinese development, presents two strategic planning proposals that are generated from frictions between rural development as construed by western aid agencies and forms of Chinese aid, especially regarding the speed of development and their cache of neoliberal ideologies. These programs dominated northern Laos in the 1990s and 2000s and have resulted in a patchwork landscape of development assistance and foreign investment. One featured strategic planning proposal references these earlier programs in Laos’s Muang Sing valley to help guide a strategy for basin-scale agricultural pollution remediation and increased water security, while the other proposal traces the legacies of opium’s replacement, primarily via Chinese investment, with rubber in northern Laos and the how the resultant patchwork of rubber, subsistence and cash crops, and ethnic diversity might deal with increasing rural–urban migration and significant associated strain on the rural agricultural labor force. These proposals exhibit the difficult balancing act between participating in the language and valuation metrics of development but with design concepts and approaches that actively resist easy constitution or reduction. The emphasis of alternative development on livelihood security, environmental sustainability and social development may be commendable, but the building of social capital takes time.
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Kaufmann, Lena. "Land-Use Strategies." In Rural-Urban Migration and Agro-Technological Change in Post-Reform China. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729734_ch05.
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This chapter describes the land-use and land-arrangement strategies that Chinese migrant and left-behind rice farmers use to manage their farmland and off-farm migration. These include both social and technical strategies – only some of which accord with state expectations – such as leaving behind family members, building houses on farmland, using labour-saving technologies, switching from rice to cash crops, or even abandoning fields. Using specific household cases, the chapter demonstrates how peasants draw on a wide repertoire of available resources to handle their situation. Shedding light on the logics behind these decisions, it argues that, in taking seemingly technical agricultural decisions, farmers are in fact pursuing various long-term and short-term projects that best match their fluctuating current and anticipated future household situation.
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"Land-Use Strategies." In Rural-Urban Migration and Agro-Technological Change in Post-Reform China, 187–228. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1hp5hkt.9.
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Fan, C. Cindy, and Wenfei Winnie Wang. "THE HOUSEHOLD AS SECURITY: STRATEGIES OF RURAL-URBAN MIGRANTS IN CHINA." In Migration and Social Protection in China, 205–43. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812790507_0011.
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"5. Land-Use Strategies." In Rural-Urban Migration and Agro-Technological Change in Post-Reform China, 187–228. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9789048552184-007.
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Sowunmi, Fatai Abiola, and Funmi Lydia Adeduntan. "Impact of Rural-Urban Migration on the Food Consumption Pattern of Farming Households in Ibadan/Ibarapa Agricultural Zone of Oyo State, Nigeria." In Research Anthology on Strategies for Achieving Agricultural Sustainability, 1130–53. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5352-0.ch060.
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The study examined the impact of rural-urban migration on the food consumption pattern of farming households. The study revealed that 73.8% of the households had migrants, while 80.2% of the migrants were male. The highest level of education of most of the migrants was secondary school (71.4%). The study showed that the major reason (63.3%) for migration was for job. The average remittance sent per year was ₦108,119.14. The study revealed that household expenditure on carbohydrate food group accounted for 54.4% of the total households' expenditure on food. The average dietary diversity indices for the migrant (0.345) and non-migrant (0.346) households were low. The study revealed that migration (short and long term) positively influenced per capita food expenditure of respondent. Despite the remittance from some of the migrants, the need to develop the rural areas in terms of provision of basic infrastructures by government is imperative in order to reduce rural-urban migration.
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Kaufmann, Lena. "Conclusion: A Skill Perspective on Migration." In Rural-Urban Migration and Agro-Technological Change in Post-Reform China. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729734_concl.
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This concluding chapter discusses four advantages of investigating migration settings from a socio-technical skill perspective. First, it provides an understanding of a particular form of peasant agency that is commonly overlooked. Second, focusing on skill allows us to better understand farmers’ decision-making. Third, it provides new insights into technology and Chinese modernity. Finally, it contributes to understanding migration beyond the common dichotomies such as between people and things, or migrants and those left behind. It concludes that even those who move to the cities remain part of their village communities of practice. They maintain their ties to the land through the ongoing management of their paddy fields – whether hands-on in person or at a distance using other household farming strategies.
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Kaufmann, Lena. "How the Predicament Arose." In Rural-Urban Migration and Agro-Technological Change in Post-Reform China. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729734_ch01.
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This chapter describes how the paddy field-migration predicament has emerged. It argues that the Chinese state has been a major driver of the current situation through its rural policies, which provide both constraints and opportunities with regard to possible household strategies at the nexus of farming and migration. Special attention is paid to the widespread adoption of post-Green Revolution farming technologies that have set free agricultural labour. These transformations are placed into the context of de-collectivization and marketization, the abolition of the collective welfare system, the new urban economy, and loosened migration restrictions – all of which have pushed peasant farmers to migrate and enhanced their precarity, which in turn makes them want to protect their fields as a safety net.
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Kaufmann, Lena. "Introduction." In Rural-Urban Migration and Agro-Technological Change in Post-Reform China. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729734_intro.
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This introduction introduces the basic predicament being faced by rice farmers in post-reform China: the conflicting pressures to both migrate into cities and yet preserve their family land resources in the countryside. It posits that paddy fields play a crucial role in shaping farmers’ migration strategies. More generally, it proposes that socio-technical resources and related skills are key factors in understanding migration flows and migrant-home relations. Furthermore, the chapter proposes a socio-technical approach to investigating this paddy field predicament and explains how this approach contributes to existing literature at the intersection of the literature on agriculture, migration, and skill. Finally, it introduces the main field site, a rice-farming village in southern China, and briefly discusses the data and sources.
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Hope Ezeadichie, Nkeiru, Vincent Aghaegbunam Onodugo, and Chioma Agatha John-Nsa. "Dialectics of Mainstreaming Agriculture in Urban Planning and Management of Cities of the Global South." In Sustainable Development Dimensions and Urban Agglomeration. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104269.
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Most cities in the global south have evolved overtime with significant organic changes in their wake. One of the noticeable changes is the emergence of pockets of city-based agricultural activities, a previously rural-based activity. There are varying interpretations behind this new trend. With increased agglomeration arising from rural-urban migration, residents resort to farming as a panacea to urban challenges. Even employed urban residents resort to agriculture for supplementary income. This emerging scenario has generated debates, dialectics, and polemics among stakeholders as to the propriety or otherwise of this development. This chapter, therefore, takes a panoramic view to all the sides of the issue through review scoping of desktop research method. Specifically, it examines the scope of increase in urban agriculture (UA), the types and nature of UA; urban planners’ attitude towards UA, and then propose the management strategies such as promoting agriculture-friendly urban plans for access to agricultural land and practices. The findings revealed that UA takes place on residential land, undeveloped private/public lands, and riverbanks. The prominent UA activities are animal husbandry, aquaculture, cultivation of food and cash crops, etc. The urban-planning measures for integrating UA into the urban environment include inculcating UA-responsive policies in broad plans.
Conference papers on the topic "Rural-urban migration strategies"
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Yücel, Mustafa, Yaşar Aktaş, and Neslişah Taner. "What are the New Functions of Agriculture Cooperatives in the Progress of Globalization? The Case of Agriculture Cooperatives of Kastamonu." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01231.
Full textAbstract:
While production and markets have been becoming more integrated since barriers to the international trade reduced, capital movements and the speed of spreading of technology increased with the progress of globalization, issues regarding to agriculture, environment, women, employment, and education became more critical.
In this research, “by which functions and missions can agricultural cooperatives sustain their assets under globalized conditions” is the major research question. In the research, 19 cooperatives were chosen among 308 cooperatives, depending on their distance to Kastamonu, foundation year, and the amount of member. Subjects were determined by their traits and occupations. 164 subjects were interviewed via survey questions in 2014-2015. In research, “The situation-specific approach” model, developed by Hartmut Albrecht was applied.
Because of the progress of change in organizational values, agriculture cooperatives have to undertake new functions in addition to maintaining agricultural production. The functions can be classified into 4 categories as socio-economic (taking local goods to international markets, recording incomes in the agriculture sector, and creating new employment positions to reduce migration to urban), international relations (developing new projects toward internationalizing to collaborate with other cooperatives), planning (making long-term strategic plans), and education (training women in rural areas, and obtaining their collaboration in cooperative campaigns, and educating future's cooperative managers).
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Scientific Committee, EAAE-ARCC-IC. "EAAE-ARCC International Conference & 2nd VIBRArch: The architect and the city. Vol. 2." In EAAE-ARCC International Conference & 2nd VIBRArch. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/eaae-arcc-ic.2020.13832.
Full textAbstract:
Contemporary thinking regarding architecture is nowadays rather dispersed. But most authors totally agree in the characteristics of the modern subject who inhabits it. This subject is rational, employs several logics and language resources, has articulated complex societies and organizational structures and has created cities to meet and grow. This anthropological relation between architecture and city has gone through different stages in recent times. In the first half of the twentieth century, cities took the initiative by means of their experts as a direct extension of a society which was questioning many aspects of obedience. However, the second half of the twentieth century was marked by a more acquiescent temper, with profitability and productivity in the foreground. As a result, their remarkable growing often has blurred them, habitational products are not connected with social subjects and development initiative is taken by productive sectors. Facing this situation, architecture has recently made a move and has retaken the initiative leaded by a third revisionist generation which employs different cultural variables such as alterity, applied sociology or social activism. Debates on sustainability, landscape, environment, new documentary frameworks and mapping processes, have set the place for new reflections on: limits, borders, traces, surroundings-city interaction, compact or diffuse cities, and many more. Along with such a themed view new topics such as revisiting the rural, have emerged. This third way has collaterally connected with new parameters derived from committed activism such as cooperation, development, third world, urban overcrowdings, residual fabrics, refugee camps, and others which have incorporated new material and strategic discourses on recycling, crowdfunding or low-cost. The profusion of divisions of the problem has characterized a time of fragmented tests, with a noticeable loss of general perspective and where the architects’ responsibility about the cities has again broken through but in a fairly hesitant and slow way. Against this background, a fourth and contemporary and critical generation is characterized by the cohesion of speeches, positions and approaches. With an inclusive, transversal and revisionist nature, incorporates and revisits concepts such as feminism, gender, childhood, shelter, migration, wealth, transversality, glocality, interculturality, multiculturality and many more. Hence, we nowadays face the challenge of refounding the concept of city for the future generations, subjected to the duality of the inherited city and its expansion, to the duality of what is consigned and what is missing. The 2020 edition of the EAAE-ARCC International Conference to be held in Valencia, Spain, along with the 2nd edition of the Valencia International Biennial of Research in Architecture will welcome keynote speakers and papers that explore the future of cities and the regained leading role that architects should have in its design.
Reports on the topic "Rural-urban migration strategies"
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McCall, Jamie. Assessing the Evidence: Promoting Economic Development in Rural North Carolina with Education, Workforce Development, Infrastructure, Healthcare, and Leadership. Carolina Small Business Development Fund, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46712/rural.economic.development.
Full textAbstract:
Like many other states, North Carolina’s population dynamics have shown a definitive shift toward greater urbanization. Some of the population increase in urban areas is in-migration from outside the state. However, net population loss in many of North Carolina’s rural areas has been on the rise for years. Population outflows of this magnitude can bring an array of unique challenges for rural small firms. Chronic rural issues like unfavorable geography, endemic poverty, and poor infrastructure for business can pose serious economic development challenges. According to some scholars, level of rurality or geographical isolation is the primary variable in explaining why economic development outcomes vary across the United States. We assess the literature to determine what role small business development and complimentary strategies have in rural economic growth.