Relevant bibliographies by topics / Rural-urban migration Vanuatu Case studies

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Academic literature on the topic 'Rural-urban migration Vanuatu Case studies'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Rural-urban migration Vanuatu Case studies"

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Haberkorn, Gerald. "Temporary versus Permanent Population Mobility in Melanesia: A Case Study from Vanuatu." International Migration Review 26, no. 3 (September 1992): 806–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839202600304.

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Melanesia's urban population tripled from a mere 7 percent of the region's total population in 1955 to 20 percent by 1985. The recency and magnitude of this development and the absence of any established forms of urban living in the region's precolonial history virtually rules out natural population growth as the principal cause behind this process of rapid urbanization and suggests massive internal population mobility as the most likely cause. The overall picture conveyed by the Melanesian mobility literature, however, emphasizes rural-based circular mobility as the predominant form of population mobility in the region. Seeking to reconcile this contrast, this article argues that much of the alleged continued predominance of circular mobility owes more to its underlying operationalizations, ways of measurement, and theoretical conceptualizations than reflects contemporary reality. This argument is substantiated by an analysis of recent developments in Vanuatu mobility set in the local and historical conditions of migration from the island of Paama. It is demonstrated how specific structural transformations on the island and in urban areas throughout this century were not only conducive to a change from temporary to long-term or permanent rural absences, but how they also have emerged as the direct result of mobility, thus highlighting the latter's dialectical nature. Evidence for this mobility change is derived from a comparative analysis of lifetime mobility histories of urban and rural Paamese men and women.
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Petrou, Kirstie, and John Connell. "Rural-urban migrants, translocal communities and the myth of return migration in Vanuatu: the case of Paama." Journal de la société des océanistes, no. 144-145 (December 15, 2017): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/jso.7696.

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Findlay, A. M. "Rural-urban migration and identity change: case studies from the Sudan." Applied Geography 10, no. 3 (July 1990): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-6228(90)90032-k.

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Peker, K. "The causes and results of internal migration from rural areas: case of Eastern Anatolia." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 50, No. 10 (February 24, 2012): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5235-agricecon.

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Migration from rural has been an important problem in Turkey for the last four decades. This issue has been investigated with regard to its different aspects since the late 1970’s. Research studies focused on its impacts on urban areas. Although the studies on migration in urban areas are more extensive, unfortunately, the studies of migration in rural Turkey are very poor and the effects of this phenomenon on the farms have been untouched. Migration from rural areas starting in the 1950’s was supported, since it was regarded as the locomotive for the rapid urbanization, industrial improvement and development until the late 1970’s. The conventional wisdom in the 1970’s concluded that the best way to eliminate lower incomes was helping farmers to move to urban jobs but nowadays there is widespread agreement that incentive for migration to urban areas does not solve the problem of rural or urban poverty in Turkey. For that reason, Turkish Government spends millions of dollars annually on agricultural policies, and additional funds on rural development to hold people in the rural. In this study, causes and result of migration from the rural was investigated with regard to the mobility of the resources and the success of the farms in a city of Eastern Turkey, Erzurum. The results of the study showed that some causes of migration such as economical, social, and cultural from rural in Turkey are different than the causes in other countries. As a result, it can be concluded that migration from rural areas has not reached the point at which migration has a negative effect on the success of agribusiness.
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Lesetedi, Gwen N. "Urban-rural linkages as an urban survival strategy among urban dwellers in Botswana: the case of Broadhurst residents." Journal of Political Ecology 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2003): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v10i1.21649.

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This paper studies the role of urban-rural linkages as survival strategies and as a form of economic security in the face of increasing levels of urban unemployment. The study focuses on the residents of Broad hurst,a suburb of Gaborone, Botswana and presents the result of a survey of 360 households.The households contained 1560 people of whom 90.9% were 45 years old or less. Urban-rural linkages included the continuation of part time work and residence in the rural area and the continued management of land and livestock in the rural area. In all, 91.9% of the households interviewed owned property in rural areas while 70.3% owned residential land, 64.7% owned farmland, 63.9% owned livestock, 56.7% owned grazing lands, 14.4% owned business plots and an additional 9.4% owned other forms of rural property. Linkages with the rural area were reinforced through participation in social activities, exchange of goods and services, and the consultation with rural people primarily over family matters and the consultation by rural relatives on work or financial matters.Key words: urban-rural linkages, survival strategy, economic security, Botswana, Gaborone, Broadhurst, rural-urban migration, migrants, land tenure, property, livestock, household, rural development, urban survey.
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Peng, Wenjia, Brian E. Robinson, Hua Zheng, Cong Li, Fengchun Wang, and Ruonan Li. "Telecoupled Sustainable Livelihoods in an Era of Rural–Urban Dynamics: The Case of China." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 13, 2019): 2716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092716.

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Recently, increasingly sophisticated studies have investigated the relationship between agrarian livelihoods and the environment, as well as rural–urban interactions in developing countries. The policies developed to respond to these dynamics can constrain livelihood options or provide additional opportunities. In the present study, using a modified version of the telecoupled sustainable livelihood framework to generalize dynamic livelihood strategies in the context of rural–urban transformation and by focusing on recent research in China, we review important factors that shape rural livelihood strategies as well as the types of strategies that typically intersect with livelihood and environmental dynamics. We then examine telecoupled rural–urban linkages given that the dynamics of the livelihood strategies of farmers can cause flows of labor, capital, ecosystem services, and other processes between rural and urban areas, thereby placing livelihood strategies in a dynamic context, which has not been considered widely in previous research. We show that most previous studies focused on the reduction of environmental impacts via livelihood diversification and rural–urban migration. We propose several areas for future policy development and research.
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Duman, Ezgi, and Beyza Sat. "New Approaches on Urban Agriculture: A Case Study in Ataköy." Journal of Design Studio 4, spi1 (April 9, 2022): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.46474/jds.1075873.

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In today's world, cities are developing and expanding rapidly. One of the critical factors of this growth is migration from rural areas to cities. As migration to the urban areas increases, the city needs to grow its resources to be sufficient. According to the 2019 statements made by TUIK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu), the city that received the most immigration in Turkey was Istanbul with a rate of 42.5%. Urban agriculture is enhancing the capacity of urban resilience. This study aims to examine the concept of urban agriculture in the context of sustainability and examine practical examples especially from Ataköy, Bakırköy in a comparable style. Idle industrial areas or vacant lots and urban agriculture potentials are examined based on the R-URBAN strategy through methodologies of literature review and feasibility and field studies that carried out in Ataköy. A scenario produced and an implementation model has been developed for Ataköy in the context of urban agriculture at the basis of R-URBAN strategy.
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Rye, Johan Fredrik. "The Western European Countryside From An Eastern European Perspective: Case Of Migrant Workers In Norwegian Agriculture." European Countryside 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 327–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2014-0018.

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AbstractIn the wake of the EU enlargements in 2004 and 2007, large numbers of migrant workers from Eastern Europe in-migrated to the Western European countryside. In this paper I discuss how these migration streams in important ways challenge the dominant perspectives in contemporary rural studies, in particular their focus on lifestyle-related rural in-migration, on the post-productivist character of the countryside, and on the social constructions of the rural as idyllic space. These perspectives are examined based on qualitative material from in-depth interviews with 54 migrant workers in the Norwegian agricultural industry. These migrants’ everyday experiences in the rural West add important nuance to the dominant scholarly images of rural idylls and dullness, descriptions of rural communities as less marked by class structures than urban regions, and traditionalist presentations of rural social life and communities.
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Hidayat, Ar Rohman T., Kenichiro Onitsuka, Corinthias P. M. Sianipar, and Satoshi Hoshino. "Distance-Dependent Migration Intention of Villagers: Comparative Study of Peri-Urban and Remote Villages in Indonesia." Administrative Sciences 12, no. 2 (April 8, 2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci12020048.

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Rural-to-urban migration disturbs essential factors of rural development, including labor forces, land ownership, and food production. To avoid late responses to emigration, scholars have begun investigating earlier stages of rural emigration. However, prior studies have focused on a single spatial entity only while also leaning toward trends in developed countries. Therefore, this study fills gaps by focusing on the differences in migration intention between villages in less developed settings. In observing the differences, this research takes peri-urban and remote villages as cases located at different distances from their nearest urban destination. This study treats migration intention as the dependent variable while using single-indicator place attachment and multi-indicator information sources as the independent variables. This work applies the Mann–Whitney U, ANOVA, and Brown–Forsythe tests on three hypotheses. This research also uses SEM-PLS to investigate the correlation model of the observed variables for each case. The results show that information sources negatively affect migration intentions in peri-urban settings. Remote rural areas also show similar results for the information sources variable; however, place attachment in remote settings significantly contributes to migration intention. These results show that place attachment and information sources contribute differently, depending on the distance to the urban area. We argue that access to public services and infrastructure contributes to the results. The findings suggest that an increased availability of information sources impedes the formation of migration intentions. Thus, this study suggests the necessity of improving rural infrastructure and public services to improve information literacy. It helps the government control rural emigration while fulfilling its obligation for rural development. It also offers better rural livelihoods during the development progress, providing economic incentives for villagers to stay in villages.
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Zhang, Xiao-xiao, Jian Zheng, Li Liu, Xian Zhao, and Xiao-min Sun. "The Effect of Group Boundary Permeability on Intergroup Prejudice: The Case of Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China." Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 8, no. 2 (December 2014): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/prp.2014.7.

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The developing world is witness to a major urban transformation. How to facilitate intergroup relations between new migrants and long-time urban residents is a critical issue in developing societies globally. The current research explored the effect of group boundary permeability on intergroup prejudice by the case of rural-to-urban migration in China. As the boundary between rural-to-urban migrants and permanent urban residents in China can be ascribed to China's uniquehukousystem, we conducted three interrelated studies to approach the topic from the perspective of thehukousystem and its reforms. Study 1 used a correlational investigation and found a negative correlation between group boundary permeability and prejudice against rural-to-urban migrants. In Study 2, we manipulated the group boundary permeability using the points accumulation system scheme of thehukousystem reform, and found a causal effect of the group boundary permeability on the social distance of urban dwellers to migrants. In Study 3, using a more generalhukoureform scheme, that of gradually abolishing thehukousystem, we replicated the findings from Study 2 and further found that a permeable group boundary could reduce prejudice. These three studies suggest that the group boundary based on the Chinesehukousystem is an institutional cause of prejudice against rural-to-urban migrants. Our experimental manipulations can be interpreted as analogues to potential policy arena actions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rural-urban migration Vanuatu Case studies"

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Sherkin, Samantha G. "Forever united : identity-construction across the rural-urban divide /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs5523.pdf.

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Akbar, Jahangir M. (Jahangir Mohammad). "Rural-urban migration in Bihar : a case study of the Village Saurath." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77831.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-102).
This thesis undertakes both a comparative study and a logistical regression analysis on household level data from Saurath, India, to better understand the inducing factors of outmigration. A considerable body of literature related to migration already exists; however, this study contributes to the literature by providing a case study of migration in Bihar, a state that is in the process of an economic transformation. This thesis determines that migration from Saurath is occurring within the middle-class; this is an interesting finding because migrants typically come from more economically depressed groups. The departure of individuals from the middle-class indicates a shift in village life that could have profound consequences in the decades to come. Additionally, from the regression analysis: caste, local occupation, and local household income per capita, are significant inducing factors of rural-urban migration in Saurath. Any organization or individual interested in understanding the phenomena of rural-urban migration may find compelling insights from this thesis, and it is hoped that further exploration of the topic occurs in the near future. Keywords: India, Bihar, Saurath, migration, remittances, caste, economic development, logistic regression
by Jahangir M. Akbar.
M.C.P.
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Valencia, Mestre Gabriela L. "From rural to urban studying informal settlements in Panama /." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/446.

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Ahmad, Supian bin. "Rural-urban migration and regional policy in Peninsular Malaysia : a case study of the Klang Valley region." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329714.

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Paredes, Orozco Guillermo Alberto. "The Role of Community Context Factors in Explaining International Migrant Flows and their Composition: Three Studies Based on the Mexico-U.S. Case." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1593624280497468.

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Gentile, Michael. "Studies in the Transformation of Post-Soviet Cities : Case Studies from Kazakhstan." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Dept. of Social and Economic Geography [Kulturgeografiska institutionen], Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4306.

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Boyles, Julie. "Women's Actions and Reactions to Male Migration: A Case Study of Women in San Juan Guelavía, Oaxaca, Mexico." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/659.

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Using a mixed methods, interdisciplinary case study approach, this research project explores the benefits, risks, and challenges of male migration for women who reside in San Juan Guelavía, Oaxaca, Mexico. In a unique approach in the field of migration studies, this project considers not only women whose husbands have migrated--absent husbands--but also the impact of male migration on women whose husbands have returned as well as women whose husbands have never left--anchored husbands. Women with returned husbands and even women with anchored husbands feel the threat, worry, and fear that male migration could, at an unknown point in the future, fragment their family. This case study approach looks at how women's work responses are differentiated by husbands' migration status, by age, and by husband's control over women's activities. Women with absent husbands tend be income-producing women as well as women ages 35 to 50 far more than women 35 and under and 50 and over. With motherhood as a cultured priority of rural Mexican women, women's income-producing opportunities are primarily limited to options within the home or in venues that can accommodate their children until the children enter school. Although this case study showed little or no connection between male migration and educational attainment, substantial policy-worthy findings suggest that the lack of value that residents of San Juan Guelavía place on the local public high school curriculum negatively impacts educational attainment of children beyond middle school. Women's traditional and cultural emphasis of marriage for their daughters as well as their reluctance to expose daughters to the negative influences of the city sway the decisions that women make for their daughters.
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Munishi, Emmanuel J. [Verfasser], and Axel W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Drescher. "Rural-urban migration of the Maasai nomadic pastoralist youth and resilience in Tanzania : case studies in Ngorongoro District, Arusha Region and Dar es Salaam city = Land-Stadt-Migration junger Maasai-Nomaden und Resilienz in Tansania : Fallstudien zum Ngorongoro District und der Stadt Dar es Salaam." Freiburg : Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/112274241X/34.

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Sherkin, Samantha G. "Forever united : identity-construction across the rural-urban divide / Samantha G. Sherkin." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19530.

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Bibliography: leaves 339-372.
372 leaves : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm.
Maintains, and substantiates in the ethnographic context, that cultural identity is both a conscious and symbolic construction. The ethnography is situated in the Shepherd (Central) Region of the Republic of Vanuatu, a Y-shaped archipelago in the south west Pacific Ocean. Fieldwork was conducted between July 1995 and February 1997 on two islands - Mataso and Efate. Mataso and Matah Keru communities have gradually become distinct, each possessing particular structural organizations, customs (kastom) and histories. Yet, the two groups remain united. Credence in historical ancestors, indigenous mythologies and territorial places continually cement an ethnic commitment between urban and rural dwellers, a bond that is forever reinforced through the movement of persons between places.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Anthropology, 2000?
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Sarrafi, Mozaffar. "Rural out-migration and rural development in Iran : implications for the roles of infrastructure in case of Hamadan province." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8961.

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Large scale rural out-migration has gained momentum over the past four decades in Iran, contributing to urbanization at unprecedented rates. In the wake of the Islamic Revolution, it was recognized that in order to reduce reliance on oil revenues and foster self-sufficiency and social equity, it was essential to ensure the viability of agriculture and rural settlements. As a part of this new strategy, a rural infrastructure provision policy (RIPP) was undertaken in order to bring about rural prosperity and to curb out-migration. Yet, the plight of villagers and out-migration persist. This dissertation focuses on the village end of the problem, and on permanent outmigration in post-revolutionary Iran. It investigates the causes of rural out-migration and their impacts on the remaining rural households. Further, it examines the potential of RIPP to reduce out-migration and enhance village viability. In terms of methodology, a cross-analysis was conducted at the levels of individual, household, and community. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources. While the latter served analysis needs at the macro-level, the former, which included case studies in five villages in Hamadan Province, served those at the micro- and meso-levels. The macro-level analysis reveals population pressure on agricultural resources and rural-urban disparities as the overriding causes of rural out-migration in Iran. Correspondingly, the micro- and meso-level analyses: (a) highlight the critical importance of the middle strata (MS) for the future viability of rural Iran; (b) identify household insecurity, resulting from precarious and uncertain rural livelihoods as the root cause of out-migration for MS; and (c) suggest that the ongoing migration of youth from MS must be contained to ensure the next generation of farmers. Finally, five roles are identified for RIPP to target the overriding causes as well as those pertaining specifically to MS. While there is need for policy changes in the macro-economic sphere in Iran, RIPP has the potential to reduce rural out-migration. More fundamentally, it suggests that it is not merely the presence of physical infrastructure and its direct role, but rather an effectively functioning social infrastructure and its intermediary roles that are vital to curbing excessive out-migration and ensuring village viability.
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Books on the topic "Rural-urban migration Vanuatu Case studies"

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Ken, Dean, and Brown Bryan J. H, eds. Counterurbanisation: International case studies of socio-economic change in the rural areas. Norwich, UK: Geo Books, 1986.

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1948-, Simard Myriam, ed. International migration and rural areas: Cross-national comparative perspectives. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Pub. Company, 2009.

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Shi, Anqing. Migration in towns in China, a tale of three provinces: Evidence from preliminary tabulations of 2000 census. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2006.

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van, Hove Erik, ed. Stadsvlucht?: Een eeuw demografische ontwikkeling in het Antwerpse. Leuven: Acco, 1986.

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Prasātkun, Prāmōt. Patčhai thī mī phonkrathop tō̜ kānyāithin khō̜ng chāochonnabot: Karanīsưksā khō̜ng ʻAmphœ̄ Nāng Rō̜ng, Čhangwat Burīram = Factors affecting migration of rural population : a case study of Nang Rong District, Buriram Province. Nakhō̜n Pathom: Sathāban Wičhai Prachākō̜n læ Sangkhom, Mahāwitthayālai Mahidon, 1999.

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Ken, Spooner, ed. Goodbye city, hello country. Grand Junction, Colo: Highland Books, 1985.

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Migration of rural poor to urban slums and their poverty situation: Case studies of selected metropolitan cities in Bangladesh. Comilla: Bangladesh Academy of Rural Development, 2004.

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Bühler, Hans-Eugen. Die Einwanderung von Berg- und Hüttenleuten aus den Montanzentren Sachsen, Harz und Tirol in den Mosel-Saar-Nahe-Raum: Ein Beitrag zur Montangeschichte der linksrheinischen Territorien Kurtrier, Sponheim, Nassau-Saarbrücken und Pfalz. Birkenfeld: Kreisvolkshochschule, 1991.

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Oberai, A. S. Determinants and consequences of internal migration in India: Studies in Bihar, Kerala amd Uttar Pradesh. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.

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Paek-su, Kim, ed. Kwinongin 22-in ŭi sam kwa nongch'on sahoe chŏgŭng: A life and adjustment of 22 urban-to-rural migrants in Korea. Kwangju Kwangyŏksi: Chŏnnam Taehakkyo Ch'ulp'anbu, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rural-urban migration Vanuatu Case studies"

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Hupp Williamson, Sarah. "Conclusion." In Human Trafficking in the Era of Global Migration, 100–109. Policy Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529214635.003.0007.

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This chapter concludes the book by bringing together the findings at the comparative level and the within-case level. The integrated theoretical framework of institutional anomie theory, migration systems theory, and critical global feminism drew attention to the ways that historical processes of development and social change at a global level have impacted countries globalization and the dominance of the economy. These shifts have resulted in deepening inequalities and increasing rates of migration that work at the local level to make individuals vulnerable to trafficking. The case studies of Cambodia, Bolivia, and Gambia demonstrate the importance of considering how there may be more than one pathway through which human trafficking flows originate. The implications of this research are explored for both researchers and policy makers. Avenues for the future research include exploring the links between policy and individual migration decisions and pathway distinctions such as urban versus rural trafficking, or labour versus sex trafficking. The findings highlight the need for policy to move beyond a law-and-order approach to anti-trafficking efforts, and instead focus on the root factors identified. This includes understanding the migration-trafficking nexus and crafting initiatives that are highly localized and specific.
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Benjaminsen, Tor A., and Connor Cavanagh. "Conservation, Land Dispossession, and Resistance in Africa." In The Oxford Handbook of Land Politics, C23.S1—C23.N2. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197618646.013.23.

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Abstract While conservation organizations work to expand the network of protected areas in Africa to 30 percent or more of terrestrial land area, the flip side of such expansion is the mounting dispossession of rural land users, including subsistence-oriented farmers and pastoralists. This may result in forced migration to urban areas or elsewhere, but also to various forms of resistance: both covert and more overt instances of opposition to conservation. This chapter examines the risks and determinants of these variable constellations of overt resistance. In doing so, it assesses whether or to what extent recent developments in violent resistance, including the growth of jihadist groups, can be linked to the expansion of a top-down environmental conservation agenda. Drawing on case studies from throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, the chapter suggests that mainstream conservation interventions often underestimate the risks of local resistance to these initiatives. In a similar vein, ideology-focused explanations of violent extremism also tend to overlook the material determinants of violence and associated grievances rooted in the loss of access to land, natural resources, and customary forms of livelihood. Empirical studies of the latter factors—and particularly those which eschew single-factor determinism in favor of qualitative, multifactor explanation or contextualization—represent a promising new area for future research on resistance to conservation in political ecology, critical agrarian studies, and related fields.
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Conference papers on the topic "Rural-urban migration Vanuatu Case studies"

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Chanden, Mysore Chandrashekar, J. S. Aadithyaa, P. S. Prakash, and Haridas Bharath. "Machine learning for building extraction and integration of particle swarm optimization with sleuth for urban growth pattern visualization for liveable cities." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/pukd9844.

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Rapidly increasing population and migration from rural areas to nearby urban agglomerations develop tremendous pressure on system of the existing cities without compromising socioeconomic and cultural linkages. Policy interventions, both at global and local scale, have created newer avenues for the researchers to explore real-time solutions for problems world-wide. For instance, the outcome of 2015 United Nations agenda for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the year 2030 primarily focuses on urbanization issues and probabilistic modelling of future scenarios to obtain a robust alternative for resource utilization and further for maximizing sustainability through land use pattern analysis. This is the clear indication toward the very important role of “ever dormant” urban planning, especially in the case of a rapidly developing country such as India. Remote sensing and geo informatics along with Machine learning can provide extremely relevant information about the pattern change in cities and as input to visualize the future growth pockets. In this context, potential of cellular automata (CA) in urban modelling has been explored by various researchers across the globe. In the recent past, models have been drawing majority of the attention along with geographic CA processes about urban growth and urban sprawl studies. Most recent approaches include optimization of transition rules based on machine learning techniques and evolutionary algorithms that follow nature-inspired mechanism such as Genetic Algorithm, Ant colony optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), simulated annealing, Grey Wolf optimizer etc. Irrespective of any modelling technique, model calibration remains one of the challenging and most crucial steps towards obtaining realistic results. This research communication tries to demonstrate a novel idea of integrating PSO with SLEUTH post calibration of the spatial-temporal footprint of urban growth from the year 1990 to 2017 for Kolkata, a historical megacity of Eastern India. Results were evaluated and validated using statistical fit measuresreveals PSO-SLEUTH performed substantially better compared to traditional Brute Force calibration method (BFM). Another significant development was in terms of computation time of optimized values from days (BFM) to hours (PSO). The study identifies Kolkata region to be sensitive to spread and road gravity coefficients during calibration procedure. Results indicate growth along the transport corridors with multiple agents fuelling the growth. Further, with the aid of high spatial resolution data, buildings were extracted to understand the growth parameters incorporating neural networks. Using the results, renewable energy aspects were explored to harness and provide a suitable local solution for energy issues in energy gobbling cities. Pattern of landscape change, development of better process of modeling and extraction of building from machine learning techniques for planning smart cities with self-sustaining energy is presented in this research work.
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