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Journal articles on the topic 'Rural Water Supply Development Project (Kenya)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

KANASAKA, Kiyonori. "The Conditions of Drinking Water Supply and its Project in Rural Turkey." Japanese Journal of Human Geography 37, no. 5 (1985): 422–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.37.422.

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2

Cook, Joseph, Jake Wagner, and Gunnar Newell. "A decision support tool for rural water supply planning." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 3 (2020): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.017.

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Abstract Over a dozen studies have examined how households who travel to collect water (about one-quarter of humanity) make choices about where and how much to collect. There is little evidence, however, that these studies have informed rural water supply planning in anything but a qualitative way. In this paper, we describe a new web-based decision support tool that planners or community members can use to simulate scenarios such as (1) price, quality, or placement changes of existing sources, (2) the closure of an existing source, or (3) the addition of a new source. We describe the analytic

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3

Rose, J. E. "The Management Component of the Kafr El Sheikh Water Supply Project, Egypt." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 9 (1993): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0175.

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The Kafr El Sheikh Water Supply Project is a comprehensive endeavour to provide the physical and institutional resources for an effective and sustainable water supply system for 2 million persons in a developing rural Governorate in the Delta region of Egypt. The paper describes the aims of the Management Component, the institutional development of an integrated water supply and sewerage company and the main activities to-date. These include training, operational improvements, health education and finance development. Further support is required until all engineering and institutional developm

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Folifac, Fidelis, and Susan Gaskin. "Joint water supply projects in rural Cameroon: partnership or profiteering? Lessons from the Mautu–Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) project." Water Supply 11, no. 4 (2011): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.061.

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The Government of Cameroon's lack of priority for rural water supply has motivated rural communities to harness their internal capacity and networks for self-help community water supply projects. The emerging paradigm of joint water supply projects between communities in rural Cameroon and large corporations, with both parties as principal beneficiaries (unlike self-help projects where the principal beneficiary is the community), is examined. Our findings, based on the Mautu community and the Cameroon Development Corporation (CDC) joint project, suggest that this paradigm can be an attractive

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5

Liang, Ji, Haitao Zhang, and Jinbo Qin. "Thoughts on Strengthening Safety of Rural Water Supply in the New Era-Taking Binxian County, Shaanxi Province as an Example." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 01111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824601111.

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At present, our country has entered a new era. The report of the 19th National Congress of CPC pointed out that we must always put the top priority of the Party’s work on solving the problem of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. The safety of rural water supply safety is the direct and realistic interest-related problem that the rural masses most concern. In the new era, we should further strengthen the safety work of rural water supply, gradually promote the integration of urban and rural water supply, and effectively solve the increasingly serious safety-related demand of water supply of

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Alderwish, Ahmed M., and Jane Dottridge. "Evaluation of user satisfaction of rural water supply in Yemen." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 3 (2013): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.067.

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This paper compares rural water supply (RWS) and sanitation project schemes where national policies on RWS had been adopted against schemes constructed by public authorities as part of the General Authority for RWS Project. This evaluation tests the policies and provides a comparison of donor supported and government projects. The results indicate that policies will result in relatively high levels of beneficiary satisfaction and will increase the likelihood that the communities will sustain the systems over their design lives. More confidence in Water User Associations as governing and manage

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Rahman Abu Hamed, Abdel, and A. M. H. Sannen. "The Development of Rural Water Supply in the Province of Fayoum, Egypt." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 9 (1993): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0176.

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The paper provides a case study of rural water supply in Fayoum. First, the present state-of-affairs is described and analyzed with respect to production, consumption and coverage. A water balance is drawn up and the projected trends up to the year 2000 are indicated. Nearly full coverage has been achieved already but still more than 50% of the population is served by public standposts. Considerable demand for house connections is apparent. Based on the present trend it is expected that by the year 2000, 75% of the population could be served by private connections, provided sufficient producti

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Tigabu, Aschalew D., Charles F. Nicholson, Amy S. Collick, and Tammo S. Steenhuis. "Determinants of household participation in the management of rural water supply systems: A case from Ethiopia." Water Policy 15, no. 6 (2013): 985–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2013.160.

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Access to safe drinking water supply in Ethiopia is among the lowest in sub-Saharan Africa. While both governmental and non-governmental organizations have implemented water supply projects in recent years, many fail shortly after construction due to improper management. In this paper, we examine socio-economic, institutional and exogenous factors affecting household participation in the management of water supply systems for drinking purposes. A survey was carried out involving 16 water supply systems and 160 households within the Achefer area, in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. The results show

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9

Dahal, Dhundi Raj, and Tatwa P. Timsina. "Impacts of Melamchi Water Supply Project in Socio-Economic Development of Sindhupalchowak District of Nepal." Journal of Advanced Academic Research 2, no. 2 (2017): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v2i2.16610.

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The Melamchi Water Supply Project (MWSP) is considered to have been the most viable long-term alternative to ease the chronic water shortage situation within the Kathmandu Valley. The project has launched the separate project 'Social Upliftment Project' to improve the quality of life of community people. Besides that the project has divided its support field as buffer zone, health, education, income generation and rural electrification etc. to make the program more effective. So, the study aim is to explore the impact of Melamchi Water Supply Project in socio-economic status of local people of

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10

Mwamsamali, O. K. K., and A. W. Mayo. "Gender mainstreaming in integrated rural water supply and sanitation project in Mzimba, Malawi." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 4, no. 2 (2014): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2014.111.

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Gender mainstreaming in the water sector in Malawi was analyzed using the Mzimba Integrated Rural Water Supply and Sanitation (IRWSS) project as a case in point. Information required for the study was obtained through interviews, administering a set of questionnaires and data collecting from existing documents. The results show that women in decision-making positions at head office of the Ministry responsible for water affairs only constitute about 11.1%. Assessment of the budget allocations has revealed that previously no budgetary allocations were made for gender issues, and that since the 2

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Prokopy, Linda Stalker. "The relationship between participation and project outcomes: Evidence from rural water supply projects in India." World Development 33, no. 11 (2005): 1801–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.07.002.

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Adank, Marieke, Sam Godfrey, John Butterworth, and Eyob Defere. "Small town water services sustainability checks: development and application in Ethiopia." Water Policy 20, S1 (2018): 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.004.

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Abstract With rising coverage figures and the advent of the Sustainable Development Goals, there is increasing attention given to assessing and monitoring the sustainability of water services. Previous efforts in the rural water supply sector have included the development of sustainability checks, while in the urban water supply sector, benchmarking of water services and the performance of utilities has become common practice. This paper argues that neither rural sustainability checks, nor urban benchmarking frameworks, are entirely suitable for monitoring small town water services. It present

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Padawangi, Rita. "Community-driven development as a driver of change: water supply and sanitation projects in rural Punjab, Pakistan." Water Policy 12, S1 (2010): 104–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2010.116.

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This paper examines the question: how effective is a community driven development (CDD) approach to rural water supply? Some theoretical advantages of CDD approaches include: (1) community choices are more attuned to local needs; (2) sustainable O&M is more likely; (3) social capital is built; (4) more participation yields better oversight and less corruption; and (5) communities become active partners in development, itself a worthy objective. Using quantitative and qualitative data from a water supply and sanitation project in Punjab, Pakistan, the study finds that the CDD approach, cons

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Wijesinghe, Lalith, Darshani Ilangangedara, and L. H. P. Gunarathne. "Sustainable Rural Water Supply Schemes and Sri Lankan Community-based Organisations." Indian Journal of Public Administration 65, no. 3 (2019): 702–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556119840924.

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With a majority of the world’s poor living in rural areas, focusing on rural water supply, sanitation and hygiene is necessary if Millennium Development Goals are to be achieved. Therefore, donor agencies invest a significant amount of funds on rural water and sanitation projects. These rural water supply schemes (RWSS) are usually proposed to be managed by community-based organisations. Therefore, sustainability has become a widely discussed aspect in the agendas of programmes related to these projects. Benefits can be obtained by developing a framework for measuring sustainability and identi

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Dr Daniel Muasya Nzengya, Paul Mutinda Kituku; Dr David Gichuhi;. "Examining the Benefits of Lake Kenyatta Water Users Association (LAKWA) Water Kiosks Project to Women." Editon Consortium Journal of Economics and Development Studies 2, no. 1 (2020): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjeds.v2i1.136.

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This research focused on examining examine the benefits that women's have realised from the implementation of Lake Kenyatta Water Users Association (LAKWA) water kiosks for supplying water to households in Mpeketoni Lamu County, Kenya. The research used mixed-method design in which quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect and analyse data. Data was collected using open and closed-ended questionnaires. They were administered using questionnaires. The research had 200 respondents comprising of 100 women from the rural settlements and 100 women in Mpeketoni division of Lamu Count

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Adadzi, Patrick, Harrison Coffie, and Emmanuel Afetorgbor. "Sustainability of Rural Water Supply Systems: A Case Study of Kwamekrom Water System in the Volta Region of Ghana." Journal of Sustainable Development 12, no. 5 (2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n5p30.

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This paper review and analyze the sustainability of rural water systems facilitated by Community Water and Sanitation Agency (CWSA) in Ghana in both their capacity to continue to deliver adequate, safe and quality water for all the people of Kwamekrom township and surrounding villages. The paper focus on a case study of the sustainability of small-town piped water systems; the main used technology in rural areas of the Volta Region in Ghana. Part of the project was the implementation of infrastructure and building capacities in the community to manage and use their system after project complet

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17

He, Lian. "Research on Appropriate Automatic Control Model in Rural Waterwoks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 964–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.964.

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In rural waterworks automatic control application and development situation are discussed in this paper, aiming at the characteristics of rural waterworks, the design principles of automatic control system are put forward, and the rural waterworks automatic control system model and unit control technology solutions are analyzed, in order to provide scientific and effective means for rural water construction, and promote modernization operation and management level of rural water supply project.

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Mbandi, Antony Musyoki, and Mary Nyawira Mwenda. "Influence of Project Implementation Strategies by Religious Organizations on Rural Development: A Case of Kitui Catholic Diocese, Kitui County, Kenya." European Journal of Business and Management Research 6, no. 1 (2021): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.1.673.

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It has been documented that religious institutions have influenced the development of education systems, health facilities, infrastructure such as roads, water provision structures and even building designs. This study sought to find out the influence of project implementation strategies by religious organisations on rural development in Kenya. The study focused on the Catholic Diocese of Kitui, in Kitui County and sought to document how project implementation strategies by Catholic Diocese of Kitui influence rural development in Kitui County of Kenya. The target population for this study was

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19

Prajapat, Mahendra. "Village Sanitation System for Village." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (2021): 1804–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36753.

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Sanitation is important of few years development goals which covers the important aspects of management of human excreta, domestic and industrial wastewater and hazardous substances .Hence, this project focuses on a selected rural area to plan a suitable water supply scheme in accordance with their demands and requirements. It hasnt be feasible to cover all villages with piped water supply because of various constraints such as Scattered and inaccessible nature of villages, Nonavailability of nearby water sources. The project also covered planning of facilities to maintain better sanitation an

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20

Whittington, Dale, Jennifer Davis, Linda Prokopy, et al. "How well is the demand-driven, community management model for rural water supply systems doing? Evidence from Bolivia, Peru and Ghana." Water Policy 11, no. 6 (2009): 696–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.310.

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This paper reports the main findings of a multi-country research project designed to develop a better understanding of the performance of community-managed rural water supply systems in developing countries. Data were collected from households, village water committees, focus groups of village residents, system operators and key informants in 400 rural communities in Peru, Bolivia and Ghana. Our findings suggest that the demand-driven, community management model, coupled with access to spare parts and some technical expertise, has come a long way toward unraveling the puzzle of how best to des

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Bhandari, B. S., M. Grant, and D. Pokharel. "Sustainable community water: managing supply systems in the mid-hills of Nepal." Water Policy 7, no. 2 (2005): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2005.0013.

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This study examines the sustainability of rural drinking water supply (DWS) projects installed by non government organizations (NGOs), international non government organizations (INGOs) and government organizations (GOs) in two districts in the mid-hill region of Nepal. Comparative analyses of different systems installed by NGOs, INGOs and GOs, which portray the work and improvements needed for sustainability, are determined. This study shows that INGO installed projects are moving forward to sustainability in terms of performance compared to NGOs and GOs. One of the prime reasons of failure t

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White, Pamela, Indra Raj Badu, and Parikshit Shrestha. "Achieving sustainable water supply through better institutions, design innovations and Water Safety Plans – an experience from Nepal." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 5, no. 4 (2015): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2015.002.

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Sustainable functionality of rural water infrastructures is a major challenge in Nepal, as elsewhere. This paper looks at systems for improved community-based water supply and sanitation management in the Rural Village Water Resources Management Project (RVWRMP), in mid and far west Nepal. The paper analysed 496 rural, community-managed drinking water and sanitation schemes (with 30 to 250 beneficiary households per scheme) supported by RVWRMP (2006–2014). Observed results are: 91.5% fully functional, 8.3% partially functional and 0.2% of schemes closed due to natural disasters and social conf

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Hoque, Sonia Ferdous, and Robert Hope. "The water diary method – proof-of-concept and policy implications for monitoring water use behaviour in rural Kenya." Water Policy 20, no. 4 (2018): 725–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.179.

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Abstract Africa is lagging behind global progress to meet the Sustainable Development Goal for ‘universal access to safe and affordable drinking water’ services. New knowledge needs to understand and respond to water service inequalities which are not revealed by high quality, but snapshot and infrequent, household surveys. We have designed and piloted a ‘water diary’ in Kenya to document the daily sources, uses, cost and sufficiency of water, along with weekly household expenditures. Water use behaviours vary across water supply alternatives, rainfall extremes and economic conditions to affec

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Roland, Nathalia, Léo Heller, and Sonaly Rezende. "Access to the Brazilian agenda of the National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project (1985)." Revista de Administração Pública 54, no. 6 (2020): 1654–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7612201900392x.

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Abstract This article seeks to understand the circumstances that culminated in the formulation and implementation of the National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project (PNSR) in the 1980s, using the Multiple Streams Model as its theoretical reference. The results show that the theme’s ascension to the government agenda stemmed from a conjuncture marked by intense transitions that contributed to opening a policy window. The struggle to guarantee social rights in the Brazilian re-democratization process; the activities of social movements like the grassroots public health movement; the large

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Dhoba, L. "Going to scale with rural water supply: a reflection on experiences from sustaining community managed piped water schemes in rural Zimbabwe." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 3 (2020): 527–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.081.

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Abstract Access to safely managed water is a basic human right, yet rural water supply still remains a challenge in Zimbabwe. This study sought to assess sustainability of community managed piped water schemes developed under the rural WASH program as a model for rural water supply. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used in the collection of data. The program developed 33 schemes out of which 36.4% have since broken down. System failure is high amongst diesel and electricity powered schemes compared to solar powered. Alarmingly, all the schemes have water point committees

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Nayar, Vibhu, and A. J. James. "Policy Insights on User Charges from a Rural Water Supply Project: A Counter-intuitive View from South India." International Journal of Water Resources Development 26, no. 3 (2010): 403–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2010.491973.

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Ibrik, Imad. "Micro-Grid Solar Photovoltaic Systems for Rural Development and Sustainable Agriculture in Palestine." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (2020): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101474.

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The objective of this paper is to study the impact of using micro-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in rural areas in the West Bank, Palestine. These systems may have the potential to provide rural electrification and encourage rural development, as PV panels are now becoming more financially attractive due to their falling costs. The implementation of solar PV systems in such areas improves social and communal services, water supply and agriculture, as well as other productive activities. It may also convert these communities into more environmentally sustainable ones. The present paper de

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Adhikari, Rabin. "Changing Social Behavior in Drinking Water Projects: A Revision of Water Supply Scheme in Western Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural Studies 14, no. 1-2 (2017): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdrs.v14i1-2.19651.

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This paper explored changing social behaviors of the service beneficiaries in drinking water supply schemes. The study included five most accepted types of water schemes like; overhead tank system, shallow tube well system, gravity system, rainwater harvesting and water lifting system. Intrinsic case study methodology was applied to evaluate eleven drinking water project of western region of the country. Field observation, focus group discussion, and key informant interview methods were deployed during collecting information. This study found that all the drinking water schemes are running pre

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Etongo, Daniel, G. Fagan, Consolata Kabonesa, and Richard Asaba B. "Community-Managed Water Supply Systems in Rural Uganda: The Role of Participation and Capacity Development." Water 10, no. 9 (2018): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091271.

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Over 85% of Uganda’s 34 million people depend on rural water supply systems and the current water and environment sector performance report (2017) reports an 84% functionality of rural water sources such as boreholes and shallow wells with a hand pump. Ensuring the continued operation of water points, and in keeping with participatory theory, the water user’s committees (WUCs) should also be a vehicle for empowering communities while bringing about greater equity of use. However, WUC members do not acquire the knowledge and skills they need by default but require different types of training. T

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Van Houweling, Emily, Ralph Hall, Marcos Carzolio, and Eric Vance. "‘My Neighbour Drinks Clean Water, While I Continue To Suffer’: An Analysis of the Intra-Community Impacts of a Rural Water Supply Project in Mozambique." Journal of Development Studies 53, no. 8 (2016): 1147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1224852.

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Stalker Prokopy, Linda. "Women's participation in rural water supply projects in India: is it moving beyond tokenism and does it matter?" Water Policy 6, no. 2 (2004): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2004.0007.

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Evidence supporting the claim that women's participation in large-scale rural water supply projects leads to improved project outcomes is largely limited to isolated case studies. This paper attempts to fill this gap by examining data from 45 villages in two World Bank-assisted projects in India. Using data from a variety of sources, including water committee members, household surveys and focus groups, women's participation is quantified - what percentage actually attend meetings or are involved at higher levels of participation such as decision-making? While it is determined that, in some ca

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Daniel, D., Julivius Prawira, Trimo Pamudji Al Djono, S. Subandriyo, Arya Rezagama, and Aries Purwanto. "A System Dynamics Model of the Community-Based Rural Drinking Water Supply Program (PAMSIMAS) in Indonesia." Water 13, no. 4 (2021): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040507.

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The sustainability of the water supply program in developing countries is influenced by many inter-linked and dynamic factors, suggesting the need to analyse the system behaviour of the water supply program. However, no study analyses factors influencing the sustainability of rural drinking water supply programs holistically, and this study aims to fill that gap. This study utilized a system dynamics approach based on a case study of a community-based rural drinking water supply program (PAMSIMAS in Bahasa) in Magelang Regency, Indonesia. Five sustainability aspects were considered in the mode

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Thai, Nguyen Van, and Jose Roberto Guevara. "Women and Water Management: A Policy Assessment—A Case Study in An Giang Province, Mekong Delta, Vietnam." Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development 29, no. 1 (2019): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1018529119860949.

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Women in developing countries are domestic water managers and therefore can be regarded as the primary beneficiaries of water supply project, particularly domestic water supply services (DWSSs). Globally, women are active in water supply policymaking, planning and implementation. However, women are often excluded from water management activities; this can result in the failure of water projects. Research to date shows that women’s exclusion from water management processes stems from top-down approaches and traditional norms and gender differences. The work described in this research involved a

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Soma, Katrine, Benson Obwanga, and Charles Mbauni Kanyuguto. "A New Rural-Urban Fish Food System Was Established in Kenya–Learning from Best Practices." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (2021): 7254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137254.

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Kibera, the largest slum in Nairobi, Kenya, is increasing in size and complexity due to migration from rural areas. Reaching the objectives of zero hunger and sustainable cities and communities (SDGs2 and 11) are urgent and complex challenges to future development. In this survey a new fish value-chain has been set up between a rural area called Nyeri district and the inhabitants of Kibera, to supply small-sized affordable and accessible fish. The main aim of this article is to investigate this best practice example to assist future initiatives to overcome the complex challenges and discuss re

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Luostarinen, Matti. "Integrated environmental research and networking of economy and information in rural areas of Finland." Agricultural and Food Science 7, no. 2 (1998): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72856.

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This article uses material from many extensive research projects starting from the construction of the electric power supply network and its water supply systems in northern Finland in 1973-1986, to the Agropolis agricultural strategy and networking for the Loimijoki project. A list of the material and references of the publications is available in Agronet on the Internet. All these projects applied integrated environmental research covering biology, the natural sciences, social sciences, and planning methodology. To be able to promote sustainable agriculture and rural development there is a p

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Senbeta, Fekadu, and Yang Shu. "Project Implementation Management Modalities and Their Implications on Sustainability of Water Services in Rural Areas in Ethiopia: Are Community-Managed Projects More Effective?" Sustainability 11, no. 6 (2019): 1675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061675.

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The study examines the impact of project implementation management approaches on the sustainability outcomes of rural water services in Ethiopia. A random selection of 102 water access points managed by the community, local government, and other external actors (charity and non-governmental organizations (NGOs)) were made to comparatively assess the sustainable outcomes of each. The analysis of the study is based on a unique set of data that constitutes interview results gathered from 612 beneficiary households, observation of 102 water access points, and another set of interviews held with 38

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Kauark-Leite, L., B. Vinçon-Leite, J. F. Deroubaix, A. Loireau, D. Silveira, and E. Haddad. "Projeto <i>Vida no Vale</i>: universal access to water and sanitation in the North East of Minas Gerais (Brazil)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 4 (2008): 1075–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-12-1075-2008.

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Abstract. In the rural areas of the developing countries, the access to water supply and sanitation services is still largely inadequate. Poor governance of the water sector is frequently singled out as a cause and reforms are required. Studies analyzing the great diversity of restructuring efforts currently being undertaken in the water sector have not succeeded in determining the most appropriate institutional and economic framework for such reforms. Moreover they underline the lack of documentation on actual projects and call for concrete models and tools for improving water and sanitation

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Farrokhi, M., M. Hajrasoliha, G. Meemari, M. Fahiminia, M. Talebi, and M. Kohansal. "The creation of management systems for funding priorities in wastewater project in rural communities in the Islamic Republic of Iran." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 6 (2008): 1181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.347.

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For sustainable development an integrated cost-effective approach focused on the goal of health and environmental protection is necessary. In Iran more than 22 million people live in rural communities. A little more than 92% of the rural population in Iran have access to safe drinking water supply, but only less than 0.2% have sanitary wastewater disposal system. Groundwater is the main resource of water supply in rural communities in Iran and contaminated or untreated groundwater can be the major reason for waterborne diseases outbreak and wastewater discharge is the main cause of groundwater

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Kauark-Leite, L., B. Vinçon-Leite, J. F. Deroubaix, A. Loireau, D. Silveira, and E. Haddad. "Projeto <i>Vida no Vale</i>: universal access to water and sanitation in the North East of Minas Gerais (Brazil)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 4, no. 4 (2007): 2683–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-4-2683-2007.

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Abstract. In the rural areas of the developing countries, the access to water supply and sanitation services is still largely inadequate. Poor governance of the water sector is frequently singled out as a cause and reforms are required. Studies analyzing the great diversity of restructuring efforts currently being undertaken in the water sector have not succeeded in determining the most appropriate institutional and economic framework for such reforms. Moreover they underline the lack of documentation on actual projects and call for concrete models and tools for improving water and sanitation

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Melis, M. T., F. Dessì, P. Loddo, et al. "FLOWERED-GEODBAPP: AN APPLICATION BASED ON CROWD-GENERATING DATA USING SENTINEL2 IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W2 (July 5, 2017): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w2-121-2017.

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This study is part of the EU H2020 research Project FLOWERED (de-FLuoridation technologies for imprOving quality of WatEr and agRo-animal products along the East African Rift Valley in the context of aDaptation to climate change). FLOWERED project aims to develop technologies and methodologies at cross-boundary catchment scales to manage the risks associated with high Fluoride water supply in Africa, focusing on three representative test areas along the African Rift Valley (i.e. Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania), characterized by high fluoride contents in waters and soils, water scarcity, overexpl

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Wambua, Raphael Muli. "Drought Estimation-and-Projection Using Standardized Supply-Demand-Water Index and Artificial Neural Networks for Upper Tana River Basin in Kenya." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 10, no. 4 (2019): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2019100102.

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Drought occurrence, frequency and severity in the Upper Tana River basin (UTaRB) have critically affected water resource systems. To minimize the undesirable effects of drought, there is a need to quantify and project the drought trend. In this research, the drought was estimated and projected using Standardized Supply-Demand-Water Index (SSDI) and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Field meteorological data was used in which interpolated was conducted using kriging interpolation technique within ArcGIS environment. The results indicate those moderate, severe and extreme droughts at varying m

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Lopa, Dosteus, Iddi Mwanyoka, George Jambiya, et al. "Towards operational payments for water ecosystem services in Tanzania: a case study from the Uluguru Mountains." Oryx 46, no. 1 (2012): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605311001335.

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AbstractSustaining the regular flow of water from mountain forests is important for downstream stakeholders in seasonally dry tropical countries, and a watershed payment for ecosystem services (PES) scheme that links rural ecosystem service providers to urban water users through economic transfers may help to maintain water supply and forest habitat. A CARE/WWF project in the Uluguru Mountains of Tanzania has established a pilot watershed PES scheme. We trace the development of this scheme and outline its initial impacts. Memoranda of Understanding between companies in Dar es Salaam (the downs

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G. Nambudiri, Abhilash, and Sam Thomas. "Hierarchy of Effects of Social Capital: An Evidence-based Study on World Bank-aided Rural Water Supply Project in Kerala, India." International Journal of Sustainability in Economic, Social, and Cultural Context 15, no. 2 (2019): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2325-1115/cgp/v15i02/15-26.

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Bailey, I. W., and L. Archer. "The impact of the introduction of treated water on aspects of community health in a rural community in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 1 (2004): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0031.

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A project was designed by Umgeni Water (funded by the Water Research Commission of South Africa) to monitor the implementation of water reticulation in Vulindlela and evaluate the Water Supply Scheme from a community and environmental health perspective. The findings would hopefully contribute toward the development of criteria for Health Impact Assessment on Water Reticulation Projects. One objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of diarrhoeal disease as opposed to other health indicators for water-associated diseases. The innovative methodology followed in the study, a “steppe

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Dao, Anh Dzung, Duc Canh Nguyen, and Moo Young Han. "Design and operation of a rainwater for drinking (RFD) project in a rural area: case study at Cukhe Elementary School, Vietnam." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 7, no. 4 (2017): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.055.

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Abstract Since 2014, a well-designed rainwater for drinking (RFD) project has been successfully operating at Cukhe Elementary School, near Hanoi, Vietnam. During that time, daily rainfall data, water consumption, water quality and questionnaires to the community were prepared. Several concerns over the design and operation of RFD projects, such as lack of sufficient rainfall data, water quality concerns, and public acceptance, are identified and overcome. Modeled results from using observed daily rainfall data, and using a simplified method from insufficient monthly data, are compared. The sim

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Humphreys, Elena, and Klaas Schwartz. "In the shadow of the city: financing water infrastructure in small towns in Burkina Faso." Water Policy 20, S1 (2018): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.005.

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Abstract The abundant praise awarded for the development of the urban water services sector in Burkina Faso stands in stark contrast with the development of the rural water services sector. This article examines the funding of water infrastructure in four small villages in Burkina Faso. The article finds that public funding for water infrastructure for these municipalities is largely nonexistent. First of all, central government makes very little funding available for rural areas. Funding that is made available is then also prioritized for regions that already are relatively well covered. Seco

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Vorobiev, M. I. "Initiative budgeting in small towns and rural areas as a mechanism for involving citizens in local decision-making." Regional nye issledovaniya, no. 1 (2020): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/1994-5280-2020-1-8.

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An example of integrated development of the territory in the context of budget deficit at the grassroots level is the practice of initiative budgeting. Based on statistical data, the article reveals territorial patterns of development of local practices in Non-Chernozem municipalities. The paper summarizes the forms of implementing initiative budgeting in Russia by the degree of public participation. The article analyzes the number and cost of implemented projects within the framework of the program for support of local initiatives (PPMI) over a 5-year period from 2014 to 2018 in the Kirov, Tv

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Herawati, Henny, Kartini, Aji Ali Akbar, and Tatang Abdurrahman. "Strategy for Realizing Regional Rural Water Security on Tropical Peatland." Water 13, no. 18 (2021): 2455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13182455.

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Fulfilling the need for clean water and proper sanitation is, globally, a basic human requirement, and Indonesia is no exception. Clean water and adequate sanitation are the sixth goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and targets include to ensure the availability of clean water and sustainable sanitation for all by 2030. The achievement of targets in water supply and sanitation in Indonesia is still lagging behind other fields. There are differences in the ease of obtaining access to clean water sources in urban and rural areas, especially for rural communities living on peatlands

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Moldovan, Oana Teodora, Andreea Baricz, Edina Szekeres, et al. "Testing Different Membrane Filters for 16S rRNA Gene-Based Metabarcoding in Karstic Springs." Water 12, no. 12 (2020): 3400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123400.

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Introduction: Karstic springs are used worldwide by rural communities as sources of fresh water for humans and livestock. In Romania, one-third of the population has no direct access to a public water supply. The present study is part of a country-wide project to develop simple, quick and cheap methods for seasonal environmental and microbiological monitoring of karstic springs used as drinking water by rural populations. Critical steps for monitoring workflow consist of evaluating water quality and selecting suitable membrane filters to efficiently capture environmental DNA for further microb

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Ovharhe, Oghenero Joseph, Oghenesuvwe Okpara, and Caritas Asedegbega. "Assessment of stakeholders’ contributions to livestock development in Delta State, Nigeria: Rural infrastructure intervention." Open Agriculture 5, no. 1 (2020): 656–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0067.

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AbstractThe study assessed the contributions of stakeholders to livestock development through provision of infrastructure to rural areas of Delta State, Nigeria. The objectives were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of respondents, appraise the role of external stakeholders in livestock development, verify any existing relationship between livestock development and rural development indicators and identify the challenges faced by respondents. A purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select the three major towns and 180 respondents. Data were collected by ques

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