Journal articles: 'Rural Water supply'

1

Wood, Michael, and Negash Dhinna. "Buying into rural water supply." Waterlines 14, no. 4 (April 1996): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1996.019.

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Baumann, Erich, and Richard Carter. "The Rural Water Supply Network." Waterlines 25, no. 1 (July 2006): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.2006.030.

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Silva Rodríguez de San Miguel, Jorge Alejandro. "Rural Water Supply in Mexico." Cuadernos de Desarrollo Rural 13, no. 78 (December 20, 2016): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.cdr13-78.rwsm.

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The supply of water to rural areas has historically provided the Mexican government with a significant challenge. Years of uncertainty in relation to responsibility for water supply, as well as geographical differences across the country and a division between rural and urban areas, explain this phenomenon. I have reviewed in this paper a substantial proportion of the literature on this topic, the reasons behind its nature, and the solutions to the problem in Mexico, as my main aim. The key conclusion is that while improvements in rural water supply in Mexico have been made, further work is required for equality in its supply.

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Atipoka, F. A. "Water supply challenges in rural Ghana." Desalination 248, no. 1-3 (November 2009): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.057.

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Li, Hongxing, Qi Zhang, Weiwei Li, Qing Luo, Kaitai Liu, and Yong Tao. "Spatial analysis of rural drinking water supply in China." Water Policy 17, no. 3 (September 29, 2014): 441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.193.

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A spatial autocorrelation analysis method was employed to process the spatial change of rural water supply over the past 19 years in the People's Republic of China. Statistical analyses indicate great achievements in rural water supply construction. Two main indices describing rural drinking water supply status, the Rural Popularization Rate of Tap Water and the Rural Popularization Rate of Water Improvement Beneficiaries, were found to be spatially auto-correlated. The Global Moran's I of the latter decreased generally, and local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the regional gap of rural water supply infrastructure is declining. The main factors affecting the spatial pattern of rural water supply were analyzed through the mean centre method. Our research shows that the spatial pattern of economic development and government investment has had a decisive role in the formation and evolution of rural water supply.

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Bah, O. M. "Improving rural water supply in Sierra Leone." Waterlines 6, no. 1 (July 1987): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1987.030.

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7

Nwakonobi, T. U., and D. T. Mbaadega. "A Treatment System for Rural Water Supply." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.5.5094.

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8

Mauclert, Virginie, and Andrew Trevett. "PPP for rural water supply in Cambodia." Waterlines 21, no. 3 (January 2003): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.2003.008.

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9

Gyau-Boakye, Philip. "Sources of Rural Water Supply in Ghana." Water International 26, no. 1 (March 2001): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060108686890.

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10

Bah, Osman. "RURAL WATER SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT IN SIERRA LEONE." Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 8, no. 2 (December 1987): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1987.tb00187.x.

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11

Liang, Ji, Haitao Zhang, and Jinbo Qin. "Thoughts on Strengthening Safety of Rural Water Supply in the New Era-Taking Binxian County, Shaanxi Province as an Example." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 01111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824601111.

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At present, our country has entered a new era. The report of the 19th National Congress of CPC pointed out that we must always put the top priority of the Party’s work on solving the problem of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. The safety of rural water supply safety is the direct and realistic interest-related problem that the rural masses most concern. In the new era, we should further strengthen the safety work of rural water supply, gradually promote the integration of urban and rural water supply, and effectively solve the increasingly serious safety-related demand of water supply of villagers and the contradiction caused by uneven and insufficient development of urban and rural water supply. Binxian County is located in the water shortage area in the west of China. The management model of "urbanizing rural water supply" that the county explored to establish has effectively solved the problem about the construction, operation and maintenance of rural water supply project. It accords with the development idea of rural water supply in the new era, and its successful experience can be duplicated and popularized in Shaanxi Province and even in the whole country.

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12

Gasmi, Hela, Marcel Kuper, Eduardo Sávio Passos Rodrigues Martins, Sylvie Morardet, and Julien Burte. "Sustaining community-managed rural water supply systems in severe water-scarce areas in Brazil and Tunisia." Cahiers Agricultures 31 (2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2022019.

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In many countries, the challenge of sustaining rural water supplies is entrusted to community organizations, which have difficulties in performing durably the operation, maintenance and cost recovery of rural water supply systems. This paper analyzes how rural communities struggle to ensure a sustainable access to water, while seeking close interaction with outside actors such as the State, NGOs, and politicians. The analysis is based on field observations, interviews and participatory workshops in four community-managed water supply systems in Brazil and Tunisia. To sustain the access to water, communities limit their dependance on community-managed water supply systems and diversify water sources for different uses; they adapt the technical and organizational dimensions of water supply systems through bricolage; and use political leverage to obtain financial and technical support. Understanding how communities adapt the infrastructure and the organization of rural water supply, in close interaction with external actors, may inspire water providers in designing more resilient water systems.

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13

Bates, Thomas. "Rural Water Supply Improvements: lessons learned From the Water Decade." Journal - American Water Works Association 80, no. 6 (June 1988): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1988.tb03044.x.

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14

Budhawant, Prathmesh, Pranay Diyewar, Akash Lokhande, Suraj Dhumal, Anurag Waghmare, and Dr Aakanksha Ingle. "Review on Water Supply Scheme for Rural Area." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47792.

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Abstract: The study’s main objective was to create a suitable water supply system. The main goals of water treatment for public supply are to obtain water from the best source possible and put it through a procedure that will provide water of excellent physical quality. Ensuring the water supply’s long-term security. We have covered the design and calculation for the water delivery scheme utilizing CPHEEO regulations in this study. Python and Q-GIS software are used to obtain more precise data and calculations. Water shortages and fast urbanization have made it difficult for many towns to maintain a reliable and secure water supply. A water delivery system is required to overcome these obstacles. In this research, design and analysis of the fundamental parts of a water supply system such as the distribution system and regulation of drinking water quality.

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15

Liu, Zhen Hua. "Analysis of Legal System and Public Policy on Rural Water Source in China." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 4126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.4126.

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Source of water is the beginning of rural drinking water projects, safe water source is the key to rural drinking water safety. Status of rural drinking water source in china and laws and regulations on rural water conservation were analyzed. The population of centralized water supply accounts for 51% of the total population in rural areas in 2008, centralized water supply 49%. Groundwater source accounts for 57% of the population of centralized water supply projects in rural areas in 2008, surface water sources 43%. China has a relatively sound legal system of drinking water source, including basic law, general law, administrative regulations, local regulations.The paper draws a conclusion that sources of drinking water in rural areas is mainly groundwater, water conservation is short of specific laws and regulations and not suitable for rural area,it is necessary to improve laws and regulations on rural water conservation, government must assume responsibility for rural water conservation, especially financial investment and public policy support.

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16

Chukwuma Obeta, Michael. "Rural water supply in Nigeria: policy gaps and future directions." Water Policy 20, no. 3 (January 30, 2018): 597–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.129.

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Abstract The alarming state of safe water deprivation among the residents of rural communities in Nigeria is well recognized. Unfortunately, research that shows the policy gaps in the water supply sector of the country and measures to eliminate them in order to improve water supply sustainability in the country is lacking. This paper investigates the landscape of water service provision to rural communities in Nigeria using investigative and qualitative approaches due to the desire to explore the experience and opinions of previous workers/agencies in the region. Primary and secondary data were used in the study. Findings characterized the rural water supply landscape in the region. The community-based service providers are constrained by several policy gaps that negatively impact on the quality and sustainability of rural water supply in the country. Rural water interventions suffer from a high rate of failures due largely to weak institutional framework in the water supply sector. The paper recommends that for rural water supply sustainability to be improved in Nigeria all the stakeholders must work together to prioritize and address the policy gaps constraining service delivery simultaneously in the region. Working on one factor alone may not result in sustainable services.

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17

Li, Xiaoqin, Xiaomei Wu, Mingzhuang Sun, Shengqiao Yang, and Weikun Song. "A Novel Intelligent Leakage Monitoring-Warning System for Sustainable Rural Drinking Water Supply." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 17, 2022): 6079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106079.

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Leakage occurs in rural water supply pipelines very often and its locating is quite demanding even for specialists, which could result in a poor operation efficiency of rural water supply projects and thus a low rural water supply guarantee rate. In view of this problem, the detection of leakage, as well as its prediction, is of great significance for the operation, maintenance, and administration of rural water supply projects. The traditional monitoring-warning systems for urban water distribution networks cannot be applied to rural water distribution networks, due to various limitations. Meanwhile, as with the traditional models, most new approaches based on machine learning such as the artificial neural network (ANN), probabilistic neural network (PNN), and statistical learning theory (SLT) do not fit rural water distribution networks much better, being unable to converge and force high-accuracy results with small sample sizes, which is a crucial demand to meet when dealing with rural water supply pipelines. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), a model that specializes in small sample sizes and has a high generalization ability, was applied to a rural water supply project in Ningxia, China. In this study, a monitoring-warning system featuring both leakage locating and quantity estimation was established based on XGBoost. The accuracy and F1-score of the leakage locating model were 95% and 93%, respectively, while those of the leakage quantity model reached 96% and 97%, respectively. Furthermore, the pressure of monitoring stations could be obtained through the feature importance analysis enabled by XGBoost, which is essential for leakage warning. These results indicate that this system based on XGBoost could be a promising solution to the leakage issue in rural water supply projects, as a great inspiration for future developments in intelligent monitoring-warning systems, thus providing reliable approaches for the sustainable development of rural drinking water supply projects.

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18

Fun, Oimei, Katie Third, and Jerome Bowen. "Rural water supply: volunteers deliver a sustainable solution." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering 163, no. 1 (February 2010): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/cien.2010.163.1.35.

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19

Katko, Tapio. "The need for champions in rural water supply." Waterlines 12, no. 3 (January 1994): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1994.007.

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20

Boydell, Robert. "Making rural water supply and sanitation projects sustainable." Waterlines 18, no. 1 (July 1999): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1999.026.

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21

Koenig, Peter. "Urban-rural disparity in water supply in Morocco." Waterlines 18, no. 3 (January 2000): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.2000.007.

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22

Ghimire, Rajeeb. "Rural water supply system debugging, servicing and refurbishing." Water Practice and Technology 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2016.052.

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Many community water supply systems in Nepal are suffering from non-functionality. For various reasons, the communities responsible are unable to manage their water assets. External support is needed to improve water asset management. The required external supports were analyzed based on the life cycle curve. Subsequently a new management concept of debugging, servicing and refurbishing of the rural water supply system has been proposed. Debugging decreases the duration of the burn in period, servicing increases the useful life period and refurbishment revitalizes the system at the end of its design life.

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23

Younker, Jessica, Lydia Zamlynny, Claire Spearns, and Jennie Rand. "Nitrate management in a rural drinking water supply." Journal of Water Process Engineering 43 (October 2021): 102301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102301.

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24

Ghosh, Srikumar. "Beneficiary Participation in Rural Water Supply and Sanitation." IABSE Symposium Report 89, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137805796271981.

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25

Li, Qing Guo, Li Jin, and Jian Qiang Liu. "Research on the Optimal Construction Scale for Rural Safe Drinking Water Projects in Qingdao Based on GA and GIS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2969–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2969.

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In order to determine the reasonable construction scales of the water supply projects in rural areas, in this paper, we firstly analyzed the major influencing factors to safe water supply projects construction scale. Secondly we respectively establish correlation equations between scales and water works construction cost, pipeline network cost and running cost. Further, with the correlation equations we propose an optimal model for projects construction scale and suggest a water supply projects construction scales optimization analysis methods in rural area based on GIS & GA. Finally the model and methods are used in Jiaonan rural area in Qingdao, and obtained the optimal solution also the economic reasonable water supply projects scale of this rural area.

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26

Xu, Hang, and Peng Tao Zhao. "Evaluation Research of Rural Potable Water Supply Project Construction in Shaoxing." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 3427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3427.

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Shaoxing has used three water supply models, i.e. urban water supply network extension, township water factory centralized water supply, and mountain area scattered independent water supply, to improve the drinking water conditions for its 2.075 million rural dwellers. Nevertheless, there still exist problems in its water supply systems, such as difficulties in protecting water sources, small and scattered operating entities, and uneven water supply facilities and water qualities. This dissertation therefore brings forward countermeasures such as optimizing project planning and layout, implementing standardized renovation and improvement, practicing the most stringent water resources protection system, and establishing and improving the management system and testing network.

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Anh, Nguyen Tuan, Nguyen Huu Dung, and Dao Thi Thu. "Privatization in Rural Water Supply and Customer Satisfaction: An Empirical Case Study in Vietnam." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (May 5, 2022): 5537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095537.

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This article investigates the private sector participation in investment, management, and operation in rural water supply schemes in Vietnam. Different organizations manage rural water supply facilities, including the private sector, public sector, and others. This paper aims to compare the different characteristics affecting user satisfaction of water supply facilities managed by the private sector and the remaining sectors. An ordered logit model was utilized for calculation with the data collected from semi-structure questionnaires with 1200 households using water from rural water supply systems managed by different sectors in Vietnam. The results indicate that the water-user satisfaction with rural water supply projects managed by the private sector is higher than that in other sectors (community, cooperative, commune people’s committee), whereas there is no significant difference in customer satisfaction between systems managed by the public sector and the private sector (enterprise, private management). The water availability and quality of schemes greatly influence the customer satisfaction. Findings from this study provide considerable information for the private sector on how to improve the management and operation of water supply systems efficiently through customer satisfaction assessment.

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Ye, Bixiong, Yuansheng Chen, Yonghua Li, Hairong Li, Linsheng Yang, and Wuyi Wang. "Risk assessment and water safety plan: case study in Beijing, China." Journal of Water and Health 13, no. 2 (September 9, 2014): 510–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2014.101.

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Two typical rural water utilities in Beijing, China were chosen to describe the principles and applications of water safety plans (WSP), to provide a methodological guide for the actual application and improve the quality of rural drinking water quality, and to establish an appropriate method for WSP applied in rural water supply. Hazards and hazardous events were identified and risk assessment was conducted for rural water supply systems. A total of 13 and 12 operational limits were defined for two utilities, respectively. The main risk factors that affect the water safety were identified in water sources, water processes, water disinfection systems and water utility management. The main control measures were strengthening the water source protection, monitoring the water treatment processes, establishing emergency mechanisms, improving chemical input and operating system management. WSP can be feasibly applied to the management of a rural water supply.

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Bogomolov, Alexandr, Alexandr Nikiforov, and Ultuar Zhalmagambetova. "OPTIMIZATION OF HEAT SUPPLY AND WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS FOR REMOTE RURAL REGIONS." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Energetics series, no. 2,2021 (June 24, 2021): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/yvim5504.

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The problems of providing various types of energy to remote isolated settlements, territorial and climatic features consideration are reviewed, a three – pipe water supply system, a technology working on solid fuel for heat and electricity supply adapted to the conditions of a particular village are proposed. The use of the proposed methods of supply will reduce the cost of electricity, heat, water and gaseous fuel. Which will be quite acceptable for families with medium and small incomes. The described technology for producing gas with an acceptable calorific value is based on partial heat treatment of coal. The presence of gaseous fuel allows you to transfer cooking to the supply of fuel from a single.

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Annala, Linda, Pia Eva Polsa, and Gyöngyi Kovács. "Changing institutional logics and implications for supply chains: Ethiopian rural water supply." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 24, no. 3 (May 7, 2019): 355–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-02-2018-0049.

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Purpose The institutional logic in developing countries is changing from aid toward trade, having implications for institutionally embedded supply chains (SCs) and their members. The purpose of this study is to investigate the transition from aid toward trade through a theoretical lens of institutional logics and the implications of changing logics for SC members and designs. Design/methodology/approach This is a large-scale qualitative study of the SCs of maintenance and repair operations (MRO) of water points. Empirical data were collected via 53 semi-structured interviews, observations, including photographs, and field notes from several echelons of MRO SCs in ten different Ethiopian districts. Findings In spite of the same underlying tenet of a unidirectional trajectory toward a business logic, the study shows that the co-existence or constellation of different institutional logics resulted in diverse practices that impacted SC design. Research limitations/implications The research was carried out in the MRO SC at a time of changing institutional logics, thereby being able to study their transition or constellation of logics. Practical implications The research has implications for policymakers and development practitioners: when designing and implementing rural water supply programs, the presence of co-existing logics and the lack of uniform SC designs should not be viewed as a hindrance. In fact, the study showed how constellations of logics can provide ways through which water points continue functioning and providing clean drinking water to the communities. Originality/value Few studies so far have focused on institutional logics and their implications for SC design.

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Mahmoud, Ahmed Aboelgasim. "Assessment of Water Supply and Demand, a Case Study of Elfasher Rural Area-North Darfur State." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 10, no. 5 (October 28, 2022): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8942.

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This study was conducted in Elfasher Rural Area. The area is located within North Darfur State. The objectives of this study are to assess Water Supply and Demand Assessment in Rural of Elfasher and possible future scenarios; to provide and highlight the status of water resources in Elfasher Rural, and to give recommendations to take remedial actions and potential solutions for identified problems. The study includes the water supply situation in Elfasher Rural for different areas and evaluates the role of the community in the management part. The data collected from field visits and questionnaires were analyzed: It was found that the main problems in quality were the presence of Nitrate, hardness and bacteriological contamination in the hand pump. In the recommendations, some of them are conducting groundwater monitoring to test groundwater depletion. Promote surface water harvesting and aquifer artificial recharge. Taking immediate action to solve the problems that have been identified.

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Marobhe, Nancy Jotham. "Critical review of water supply services in urban and rural areas of Tanzania." Water Policy 10, no. 1 (October 1, 2007): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2007.029.

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Despite several reforms in the water sector coupled with significant external financial assistance for water development projects, a large population in Tanzania faces water supply problems. This paper analyses issues and problems pertaining to urban and rural water supply services in Tanzania by citing examples from Dar es Salaam City and Singida rural district. Desk study, field visits, discussions and personal observations were used for collecting information. Water supply coverage is 73% and 53% for urban and rural areas, respectively. Only 30% of the population in Dar es Salaam is served by piped water. The unserved poorer segments of the population pay higher for water services. The water distribution systems are worn out and account for 60% of water loss. Inadequate coverage of water supply is associated with prevalence of waterborne diseases. Urban water authorities are inefficient in financial management. Water tariffs are low, ranging between US$ 0.25 and US$ 0.35/m3/month and unregistered customers exceed 110, 000. Singida rural water sources include dams, shallow and deep wells. About 70% of installed pumps are impaired owing to poor management. Rural populations use polluted sources which are purified using local seeds. Finally the paper gives recommendations for improving water supply services.

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Gwoździej-Mazur, Joanna, and Kamil Świętochowski. "Non-Uniformity of Water Demands in a Rural Water Supply System." Journal of Ecological Engineering 20, no. 8 (September 1, 2019): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12911/22998993/111716.

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34

Posorski, R. "Photovoltaic water pumps, an attractive tool for rural drinking water supply." Solar Energy 58, no. 4-6 (October 1996): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(96)00060-6.

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White, Gilbert F., and Anne U. White. "Potable Water for All: The Egyptian Experience with Rural Water Supply." Water International 11, no. 2 (January 1986): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508068608686384.

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Kasri, Rahmi, and Paulus Wirutomo. "Determinants of citizen engagement in rural water supply and sanitation services in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 74 (2018): 08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187408001.

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Community-based development approach has been successful in accelerating access to rural water supply and sanitation in Indonesia. However, it suffers with criticism on its effectiveness to sustain services and to protect environment. A transformation of approach to citizen engagement is promoted to achieve better development outcomes. Through case study in four villages, this study diagnosed what define and determine citizen engagement in Indonesian rural water supply and sanitation. Determinants of citizen engagement is synthesized by using narrative thematic analysis for the qualitative data and principal component analysis for 708 household survey data. It found that citizen engagement is an interrelation of structure, culture and process elements of social life. Sustainable service of rural water supply and sanitation should be seen as enriched and restructured management cycle with citizen engagement concept. The study offers an improved service delivery cycle of rural water supply developed by Lockwood and Smith in 2011. Method of analysis and the findings of this study demonstrate the integration of sociological and environmental science perspectives. It also provides input to strengthen rural water supply and sanitation programs, especially Pamsimas and STBM, the two biggest government development programs for rural water and sanitation in Indonesia.

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Dennis Brown, Ewubare, and Ajisafe Femi Sammy. "LONG TERM IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 9 (September 30, 2018): 340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i9.2018.1239.

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This paper examined the effects of climate change on rural development in Nigeria. In this paper, rural development was measured by the percentage of the population with access to improved water supply. On the other hand, the measures of climate change employed in this paper are precipitations, variations in temperature and per capita carbon dioxide emissions. Data on the variables were sourced from the World Development Indicators (WDI) and the analytical techniques include descriptive statistics, unit root test, Hansen cointegration test and Fully-Modified Least Squares (FMOLS). The Kwiatkowski Phillips Schmidt and Shin (KPSS) unit test results show that the variables are mixed integrated with combinations of I(0) and I(1). It was observed from the Hansen test for cointegration that the test statistic with probability value (0.192) indicates that the variables are cointegrated. This suggests that the null hypothesis of parameter stability cannot be rejected. It was found from the estimated cointegrating regression model that precipitation and temperature are significant in influencing changes in access to improved water supply in rural Nigeria. Whilst precipitations negatively influenced access to rural water supply, changes in temperature enhanced rural water supply. The negative effects of precipitations on rural water supply could be attributed to the flooding usually associated with precipitations which tend to contaminate the various water sources in the rural areas. On the other hand, per capita carbon dioxide emissions do not significantly affect access to improved water supply in rural area. Given the findings, it was recommended for policy makers to adopt proactive and innovative approaches by synergizing with the relevant stakeholders to significantly address the problem of climate change and improve opportunities for rural development.

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Azizova, Nodira Mannapovna, and Lobarkhon Kadirjanovna Azizova. "IMPLICATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ON RURAL WOMEN’S WELFARE: CASE OF UZBEKISTAN." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 4, no. 5 (October 27, 2020): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2020/4/5/13.

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Background. Lack of water supply and sanitation infrastructure in rural areas affects people’s health, welfare and living conditions, negatively impacts the rural environment, and can stall rural development and prosperity. Improving equitable and sustainable access to safe and improved water supply and sanitation in rural areas is therefore an important national development objective. This article presents to what extend the welfare level of the rural women in Uzbekistan correlates with socio-economic factors such as access to water supply and sanitation services in Uzbekistan. Methods. This article is based on comparative analysis of the gender aspects of welfare of rural women in Bukhara region. The gender aspects assessment of the water supply and sanitation sector identifies that rural women experience the unequal access to infrastructure in comparison with urban population and urban women. The utilizing of the concept of analysis based on identification of inequalities by going “beyond income, beyond averages and beyond today” demonstrates that there is no direct impact of the socio-economic factors on poverty rate of the family [1;6].

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Akbar, Syed Ali, Sadaf Mahmood, and Anwar ul Haq. "COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY AND COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS: IDENTIFICATION OF SOCIAL REASONS BEHIND DYSFUNCTIONAL RURAL WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 02 (June 30, 2022): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i2.472.

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Using the canon of qualitative research methods this study aimed at answering the pertinent question as to why rural water supply schemes become dysfunctional over a period of time and as a consequence bring untold problems in the lives of common people. The management of rural water supply schemes is a global challenge but it becomes more grievous in developing countries. An appropriate solution proposed global to cater to this problem is engaging Community based organizations (CBOs). However, CBOs too have limited capacity for implementing and monitoring all water supply schemes in the province of Punjab, with the result that around 45% remain non-operational. Using the case study method 5 villages of district Jhelum were selected and interviews were conducted with Community Based Motivators (CBMs) and chairpersons of CBOs. The content analysis of data gathered from these interviews yielded results that revealed the reasons behind the deterioration of water supply schemes. It was found that the most common reason behind the non-functioning was the execution of water supply schemes without need assessment of the areas, political pressure, community clash, theft of the engineering equipment and financial embezzlement issues. These dysfunctional water supply schemes lead to negative consequences, but they fall majorly in three categories; waterborne diseases, lack of water for sanitation and washing purposes, and fetching/ purchasing of drinking water. It can be concluded from the study that the idea of handing over of the rural water supply schemes to local people and their representatives like CBOs for operational purpose is not erroneous or less useful. There were several other socio-political reasons that conspired to have damage the rural water supply systems beyond its utility. Keywords: Rural water supply schemes, Community based organizations, Political pressure on CBOs, Water.

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Thuy, Nguyen Thi. "COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN RURAL WATER SUPPLY: A CASE STUDY IN MY HOA – TRA VINH." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 4B (March 22, 2018): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/4b/12039.

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This study examines the level of community participation in rural water supply in Vietnam from two approaches: (1) the legal documents at the top level as well as implementing guidances and (2) the case study of community practice and awareness about their role in local water supply. Rural water supply policy and regulations are assessed to point out how they allow and support community participation. A survey conducted in My Hoa commune, Tra Vinh province, with the total of 152 households, reveals the levels and types of the community participation, from which some lessons learned can be drawn. The engagement of the community in monitoring and maintenance of the water supply infrastructure is seen as a key for the sustainability of the clean water supply service. Recommendations are given to improve community participation, and therefore to have better clean water supply service in rural areas.

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Adamska, Hanna, and Irena Kropsz-Wydra. "INVESTMENTS IN WATER MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3885.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the implementation of environmental investments in rural areas and prepare a ranking of voivodships. Detailed studies covered Polish rural areas according to voivodship division and were focused on environmental investments related to water management: the sewage network, water supply systems, collective and individual sewage treatment plants, water treatment plants and flood embankments. The research period covered the years 2010-2019. The research uses indicators characterizing investments in water management. The method of zero unitarization was used, which allowed to compare the values of the adopted indicators and establish a synthetic indicator determining a ranking of voivodships according to the implementation of environmental investments. Research shows that more than half of all expenditure are investments related to the sewage and water supply network. The exceptions are the Łódzkie and Podkarpackie voivodships, where greater expenditure is incurred on collective treatment plants than on the water supply network. The values of the synthetic index make it possible to determine the regions where the most and least environmental investments were implemented. The highest values of the synthetic index are found in the Mazowieckie, Wielkopolskie and Małopolskie voivodships. The lowest values of the indicator are recorded for the Opolskie, Podlaskie, Świętokrzyskie and Śląskie voivodships, where the least environmental investments were implemented.

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Obeta, Michael Chukwuma, and Cletus Famous Nwankwo. "Factors Responsible For Rural Residential Water Supply Shortage In Southeastern Nigeria." Journal of Environmental Geography 8, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2015): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jengeo-2015-0009.

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Abstract Efficient water supply is very crucial to sustenance of socio-economic growth, poverty attenuation, and food security. In most rural areas of developing countries including Nigeria water supplies are not commensurate with demand leading to a shortfall in water use and many people suffer from this scenario. This research investigated the factors responsible for rural residential water supply shortage in Southeastern Nigeria. Data were collected through the use of four mixed but complimentary methods namely questionnaire survey, interviews, focus group discussions and secondary data sources. The data generated were analyzed through the use of descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Principal Component Analysis was employed to combine the variables accounting for water supply shortage into a few underlying dimensions. The results indicated that physical environment and inadequate water supply infrastructure; socio-economic and geographical location; management and socio-cultural problems are responsible for water supply shortage in the area. Residential water supply can be sustainable in the area by regulating the influence of these factors impacting on water supply as well as lessen the implications of water deficiency. The research concludes that the process of water supply development should be stepwise in accordance with the participatory and managerial capacity of communities.

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Poonia, Anamika, and Milap Punia. "A question on sustainability of drinking water supply: a district level analysis of India using analytic hierarchy process." Water Policy 20, no. 4 (April 13, 2018): 712–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2018.104.

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Abstract The subject of drinking water supply falls under the legislative jurisdiction of the State governments in India. States have their own mechanism of drinking water supply through urban and rural local bodies. Drinking water supply itself is a multidimensional phenomenon of sources, quality, accessibility, sufficiency, etc. This study combines various aspects of drinking water supply at the district level, by assigning weights through analytic hierarchy process, to result in a drinking water supply index. The spatial pattern of drinking water supply index is not in favor of the areas having abundant natural water endowment. Areas which are low in the natural endowment of water are better in drinking water supply, while areas which have abundant natural water are not able to manage the available water and are low on the drinking water supply index. Among various socio-economic-political factors, water governance is most important in the wake of water supply being the function of urban and rural local bodies.

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Manyena, Siambabala Bernard, Sani Boniface Mutale, and Andrew Collins. "Sustainability of rural water supply and disaster resilience in Zimbabwe." Water Policy 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2008): 563–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2008.066.

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Rural water supply, especially through the provision of village hand pumps, is implicated in the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015 to enhance the resilience of disaster-affected communities. Lessons from past programmes could help the design and implementation of future rural water supply and sanitation interventions as both a means and an end for sustainable and resilient communities, especially in disaster-prone areas. A study was carried out in the disaster-prone Binga District of Zimbabwe to ascertain whether rural water supply has helped in enhancing community resilience. The findings support the argument that, in addition to ‘hard’ technical inputs and ‘soft’ local human resource inputs, rural water supply is only effective if introduced with the ‘right’ reasons identified and made to operate sustainably, rather than for cost-cutting reasons. The latter is likely to reduce rather than enhance and sustain disaster resilience built by communities over centuries.

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Mancy, Khalil H. "A New Perspective on Rural Water Supply and Sanitation." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 9 (May 1, 1993): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0172.

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It is claimed that the United Nations International Decade for Water Supply and Sanitation of the 1980s, has served to provide more than 1.3 billion people with capabilities tor adequate water supplies, and about 750 million with sanitation. The principle impact has been in rural communities of developing countries. Unfortunately, a considerable portion of these facilities are abandoned and inoperative. While completely manageable in the rich industrialized countries, water related diseases, e.g. infant mortality, child diarrhoea, and cholera epidemics persist in the poor countries of South America, Africa and Asia. The situation has been exacerbated by explosive population growth in the poor countries of the world. Despite national and international commitment, water supply and sanitation services are not keeping up with the demand, and many investments have not been sustained. It is clear now that the major constraint, in the less developed countries, has not been the lack of funds or water supply and sanitation technology, but rather an absence of a capacity to develop, utilize and sustain the available resources. Capacity building in a given country must come from within and it is basically a social-political process. The commitment of a country for capacity building of the water sector should be approached on two levels. On the national level this may entail changes in water related policies, establishment of legal, regulatory, and information systems, and the involvement of citizen groups and national professional organizations. On the local level, it is imperative to strengthen local institutional resources, technical, managerial and financial capabilities, and community involvement. Integration of water supply and sanitation agencies with local irrigation districts is frequently advantageous where water reclamation options are feasible. Examples from Egypt are presented.

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Iduseri, E. O., I. I. Abbas, J. U. Izunobi, S. O. Ogedegbe, and D. O. Ogbonna. "Access to Safe Drinking Water in Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis of the Urban and Rural Areas of Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, no. 11 (February 10, 2022): 1869–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i11.4.

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Water is a “sin qua non” for virtually all human activities; a pre-requisite for sustainable development as the consequences of safe water for health, productivity and quality of life as well as implications for economic development are enormous. This study investigated the sources of water supply and challenges faced by inhabitants in accessing these water sources in three districts each of urban and rural Zaria, Nigeria, and compared the results. Descriptive statistics and average mean score (AMS) technique was applied, and requisite data presented in frequency and percentage tables. The results revealed that the urban dwellers had to travel longer distances, than the rural dwellers, to source water and that the sources of water supply varied with the season. Whilst the urban areas accessed wells and water vendors in the wet and dry seasons, respectively, for non-domestic water supply and water vendors for domestic water supply; all year round, residents of the rural areas sourced non-domestic water supply from rainfall in the rainy season and streams in the dry season. Conversely, wells and water vendors were accessed in the wet and dry seasons, respectively, for rural domestic water supply. The corollary is that water vendors and wells are the predominant sources of water in Zaria, Nigeria. The methods of water purification employed by the communities sampled and their challenges to safe and adequate water supply are discussed; and plausible solutions are proffered. In addition, some recommendations to mitigate poor access to water are also volunteered.

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Harnmeijer, Joanne. "Reflections on a rural water supply project in Zambia." Waterlines 7, no. 1 (July 1988): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1988.027.

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Karunakaran, Prashobh, M. Shahril Osman, Lawrence M Nyomui, Clement Langet Sabang, Prashanth Karunakaran, and Shanthi Karunakaran. "Water Supply System for a Rural Village in Malaysia." ASIAN JOURNAL OF CONVERGENCE IN TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33130/ajct.2021v07i01.025.

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Karunakaran, Prashobh, M. Shahril Osman, Lawrence M Nyomui, Clement Langet Sabang, Prashanth Karunakaran, and Shanthi Karunakaran. "Water Supply System for a Rural Village in Malaysia." ASIAN JOURNAL OF CONVERGENCE IN TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33130/ajct.2020v07i01.025.

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Cook, Joseph, Jake Wagner, and Gunnar Newell. "A decision support tool for rural water supply planning." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 3 (July 3, 2020): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.017.

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Abstract Over a dozen studies have examined how households who travel to collect water (about one-quarter of humanity) make choices about where and how much to collect. There is little evidence, however, that these studies have informed rural water supply planning in anything but a qualitative way. In this paper, we describe a new web-based decision support tool that planners or community members can use to simulate scenarios such as (1) price, quality, or placement changes of existing sources, (2) the closure of an existing source, or (3) the addition of a new source. We describe the analytical structure of the model and then demonstrate its possibilities using data from a recent study in rural Meru County, Kenya. We discuss some limits of the current model, and encourage readers and practitioners to explore it and suggest ways in which it could be improved or used most effectively.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rural Water supply'

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