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1

Fortenbery, Elizabeth C. "Women, language, and respect in rural St. Vincent and the Grenadines /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6526.

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2

Peoples, Susan J., and n/a. "Farm women : diverse encounters with discourse and agency." University of Otago. Department of Geography, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20071127.160311.

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This thesis contributes to the established literature on farm women within the context of family farming. It recognises that not enough is yet known about the discourses and agency which influence their lives. Consequently, this study has sought to establish what dominant discourses shape the lives of farm women, their responses to these discourses and how their discursive positioning influences their agency. This study employed a qualitative case study approach involving interviews with a diverse mixture of independent farm women, along with women farming in marital relationships. This thesis engages these narratives to showcase the colourful, complex life-experiences of farm women. In addition, and where present, women�s partners were interviewed to provide male farmers� perspectives about women in family farming. This research has found that women�s lives are shaped by positioning and contextualising discourses, with which they comply to ensure that the family farm survives. Their subservient discursive positioning limits the agency they can express, although they are able to mobilise indirect agency through supporting their partner; an implicit form of agency which has previously been unrecognised or understated. Cumulatively, this thesis highlights the need to recognise the diversity of farm women, and how they are able to exercise agency from their constrained subject positions within the family farming context. Furthermore it emphasises that agency is a dynamic, and far more varied concept than previously understood.
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3

Lennie, June. "Troubling empowerment: An evaluation and critique of a feminist action research project involving rural women and interactive communication technologies." Queensland University of Technology, 2001. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/18365/.

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Participatory research methodologies and the use of interactive communication technologies (ICTs) such as email are increasingly seen by many researchers, including feminists, as offering ways to enhance women’s inclusion, participation and empowerment. However, from critical and poststructuralist perspectives, some researchers suggest the need for greater caution about claims that participatory methodologies and certain communication technologies automatically enhance inclusion and empowerment. These researchers argue that issues of power, agenda and voice in the research context require greater attention (LeCompte, 1995). The major argument made in this thesis is that feminist researchers need to adopt a more critical and rigorous yet pragmatic approach to evaluating women’s empowerment, inclusion and participation, and that this approach needs to include an analysis of diversity and difference, macro and micro contexts, power-knowledge relations, and the contradictory effects of participation. The outcomes of this study suggest that this approach can create new knowledge and understanding that will enable the development of more effective strategies for women’s empowerment and inclusion. To explore and support this argument, findings are presented from a detailed evaluation and critique of a major feminist action research project that involved women in rural, regional and remote Queensland, Australia and elsewhere, a university research team and several government and industry partners. The project made extensive use of ICTs, including email and the Internet, and aimed to be empowering and inclusive. Given the many contradictory discourses of empowerment that currently circulate, empowerment is seen as a problematic concept. The multiple meanings and discourses of empowerment are therefore identified and considered in the analysis. With the increasing importance of communication technologies in rural community development, this study also evaluates the effectiveness of ICTs as a medium for empowering rural women. The ‘politics of difference’ (Young, 1990) that underpins attempts to include a diversity of rural women in feminist research projects presents many challenges to feminist praxis. Chapters 1 and 2 propose that, in evaluating such projects, researchers need to take diversity and difference into account to avoid reproducing stereotyped images of rural women, and to identify those who are included and excluded. This is because of the complex nature of the identity ‘rural woman’, the multiple barriers to women’s participation, and the diverse needs, agendas and ideologies of participants and stakeholders. The concept of seriality (Young, 1994) is used in this study to avoid reproducing ‘rural women’ and feminist researchers as women with a singular identity. Chapters 1 and 2 argue that a comprehensive and critical analysis of these complex issues requires an eclectic, transdisciplinary approach, and that this can be fruitfully achieved by using a combination of two feminist frameworks of theory and epistemology: praxis feminism and feminist poststructuralism. While there are commonalities between these frameworks, the feminist poststructuralist framework takes a much more cautious and critical approach to claims for empowerment than praxis feminism. The praxis feminist framework draws on feminist theories that view power as social, cooperative and enabling. Women’s diverse needs, values, issues and experiences are taken into account, and the analysis aims to gives voice to women. The purpose of this is to better understand the processes that meet women’s diverse needs and could be empowering and inclusive for women (or otherwise). In contrast, the feminist poststructuralist framework uses Foucault’s (1980) analytic of power as positive and strategic, exercised in all our interactions, and intimately connected to knowledge. The power-knowledge relations, and the multiple and shifting discourses and subject positions that were taken up in various research contexts are identified and analysed. The purpose of this is to highlight the contradictions and dangers inherent in feminist practices of empowerment that often go unnoticed. To achieve its practical and critical aims, this study uses two different, but complementary, research methodologies: participatory feminist evaluation and feminist deconstructive ethnography, and multiple research methods, which are outlined in Chapter 3. This eclectic approach is argued to provide maximum flexibility and creativity in the research process, and to enable the complexity and richness of the data to be represented and understood from a diversity of perspectives. Triangulation of the multiple methods and sources of data is employed to increase the validity and rigour of the analysis. Assessing how well feminist projects that use ICTs have met the aim of including a diversity of women requires an analysis of a wide range of complex social, economic, cultural, technological, contextual and methodological issues related to women’s participation. Analysing these issues also requires giving voice to a diversity of participants’ and stakeholders’ assessments and meanings of ‘diversity’ and ‘inclusion’. The results of this analysis, set out in Chapter 4, suggest that differences in perceptions of diversity and inclusion are strongly related to participants’ and stakeholders’ political and ideological beliefs and values, and their degree of commitment to social justice issues. The evaluation found that a limited diversity of women participated in the project, and identified many barriers to their participation. Feminists argue that women-only activities are often more empowering than mixed gender activities. The evaluation findings detailed in Chapter 5 suggest that the project’s women-centred activities, particularly the workshops and online groups, were very successful in meeting the multiple needs of most participants. However, contradictory or undesirable effects of the project’s activities were also identified. This analysis demonstrates the need to consider the various groups of participants and their diverse needs in assessing how well feminist methods and activities have met women’s needs or are empowering. Chapter 6 identifies various forms and features of empowerment and disempowerment and categorises them as social, technological, political and psychological. A model is developed that illustrates the interrelationships between these four forms of empowerment. Technological empowerment is identified as a new under-theorised form of empowerment that is seen as increasingly important as ICTs become more central to women’s networking and participation. However, the findings suggest that the extent to which participants want to be empowered needs to be respected. While many participants were found to have experienced the four forms of empowerment, their participation was also shown to have had various disempowering effects. The project’s online group welink (women’s electronic link), which linked rural and urban women, including government policy-makers, was assessed as the most empowering project activity. The discourse analysis and deconstructions, undertaken in Chapter 6, identify competing and contradictory discourses of new communication technologies and feminist participatory action research. The various discourses taken up by the researchers and participants were shown to have both empowering and disempowering effects. The analysis demonstrates the intersection between empowerment and disempowerment and the shifting subject positions that were taken up, depending on the research context. It was argued that the discourses of feminist action research operated as a ‘regime of truth’ (Foucault, 1980) that regulated and constrained the discourses and practices of this form of research. An analysis of a highly contentious welink discussion challenges feminist assumptions that giving voice to women will lead to empowerment, and suggests that silence can, in some circumstances, be empowering. This analysis highlights the intersection of voice and silence, the limitations of the gendered discourse of care and connection, and how this discourse, and other factors, regulated the use of more critical discourses. Critical reflections on the study are made in Chapter 7. They include the suggestion that an ‘impossible burden’ was placed on the project’s feminist researchers who used an egalitarian feminist discourse that produced expectations of ‘equal relations’ between participants and researchers. However, these relations had to be established in the context of a university-based project that involved senior academic, government and industry staff. Drawing on the new knowledge and understandings developed, this study proposes several principles and strategies for feminist participatory action research projects that seek the inclusion and empowerment of rural women and use ICTs. They include the suggestion that feminists need an awareness of the limits to the politics of difference discourse when power-knowledge relations are ignored. A further principle is that there is value in adopting a Foucauldian analytic of power, since this enables a better understanding of the complex, multifaceted and dynamic nature of power-knowledge relations in the research context. This approach also provides an awareness of how processes that attempt to empower will inevitably produce disempowerment at certain moments. Principles and strategies for undertaking participatory feminist evaluations are also suggested.
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4

Kesby, Michael. "Geographies of power : state and patriarchal spatial discourse and practice in Zimbabwe." Thesis, Keele University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241304.

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5

Hardin, Pamela K. "Women, bodies, and self-surveillance : recovery from anorexia : a discourse of social analysis and an analysis regarding discourse /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7366.

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6

MacLeod, Nicola Joan. "Police interviews with women reporting rape : A critical discourse analysis." Thesis, Aston University, 2010. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15206/.

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This study investigates the discursive patterns of interactions between police interviewers and women reporting rape in significant witness interviews. Data in the form of video recorded interviews were obtained from a UK police force for the purposes of this study. The data are analysed using a multi-method approach, incorporating tools from micro-sociology, Conversation Analysis and Discursive Psychology, to reveal patterns of interactional control, negotiation, and interpretation. The study adopts a critical approach, which is to say that as well as describing discursive patterns, it explains them in light of the discourse processes involved in the production and consumption of police interview talk, and comments on the relationship between these discourse processes and the social context in which they occur. A central focus of the study is how interviewers draw on particular interactional resources to shape interviewees? accounts in particular ways, and this is discussed in relation to the institutional role of the significant witness interview. The discussion is also extended to the ways in which mainstream rape ideology is both reflected in, and maintained by, the discursive choices of participants. The findings of this study indicate that there are a number of issues to be addressed in terms of the training currently offered to officers at Level 2 of the Professionalising Investigation Programme (PIP) (NPIA, 2009) who intend to conduct significant witness interviews. Furthermore, a need is identified to bring the linguistic and discursive processes of negotiation and transformation identified by the study to the attention of the justice system as a whole. This is a particularly pressing need in light of judicial reluctance to replace written witness statements, the current „end product? of significant witness interviews, with the video recorded interview in place of direct examination in cases of rape.
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7

Santy, Fertiana. "Representation of Muslim women in French jurisprudence : critical discourse analysis." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0293.

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Les questions du laïcisme et de l’égalitarisme se trouvent être en contradiction dans la société française d’aujourd’hui. On pourrait légitimement avancer que, les minorités musulmanes, peuvent y être confrontées à des discriminations religieuses, sociales et économiques. Cet état de fait a affecté de façon démesurée les musulmanes qui portent des attributs religieux ou des vêtements à caractère religieux, donnant ainsi lieu à une série de litiges juridiques dans le contexte des lois laïques et de la laïcité française.Cette recherche porte sur les discours de la jurisprudence française à travers l’analyse de décisions juridiques s’appliquant à des musulmanes devant les cours suprêmes nationales (Cour de Cassation et Conseil d’État). Afin de disséquer plus finement le problème, la thèse comporte deux études de cas, communément appelés l’affaire Baby-Loup et l’affaire du burkini.Cette étude s’inscrit principalement dans le cadre théorique de l’ACD, avec une analyse secondaire reposant sur la théorie du constructionnisme social. L'analyse corrobore la conclusion selon laquelle les jurisprudences soulèvent des questions de nature sociopolitique sur le pouvoir de l'idéologie dominante présente au sein des institutions juridiques et sur la façon dont elles influencent la représentation des musulmanes en France. En dépit de jugements divergents, l’ACD révèle que les discours juridiques soutiennent également l’idée d’une inégalité de traitement envers elles, en tant que citoyennes « non préférées », constituant, de fait, un fardeau pour une société majoritairement libérale et laïque, renforçant ainsi leur vulnérabilité et exacerbant l’inégalité globale
The issues of secularism and egalitarianism are at odds with each other in today’s French society. Arguably, minorities, including female Muslim immigrants encounter inequality and bigotry – everywhere from public spaces to employment opportunities – particularly social, economic, and religious discrimination. This has disproportionately affected Muslim women who wear religious attire, or the attire which is considered has religious character, and has led to a series of legal disputes in the context of secular laws and the French laïcité.The research investigated the discourses within French jurisprudence by looking at the decisions of two national Supreme Courts (Cour de Cassation and Conseil d’État) concerning Muslim women. To dissect the problem more closely, the dissertation features two case studies which are commonly called the Baby-Loup case and the burkini case. The main theoretical framework utilised in this study is CDA, with secondary analysis using the social constructionist theory. Applying CDA to the legal sphere renders valuable insight into legal texts and decisions through sociological lens. The analysis supports the conclusion that the jurisprudences raise issues of socio-political nature about the power of dominant ideology present within law institutions, and thus how they influence the representation of Muslim women in France. Despite divergent judgements, the CDA reveals that legal discourses support the notion on unequal treatment of them as non-preferred citizens – a burden within a majoritarian, liberal secular society – thus deepening their vulnerability and exacerbating overall inequality
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Wanless, Deanna. "Health differentials among elderly women : a rural-urban analysis /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2041.

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Qiao, Yaping Pimpawun Boonmongkon. "Being women living with HIV in rural China : discourse, sexuality, and experiences of sexual and reproductive health /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd415/4938054.pdf.

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Lam, Wai-keung. "A discourse analysis in "Kong boy" and "Kong girl"." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4320983X.

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Hartley, Joanne Kay. "Fair enough? : an analysis of discourse about women in the church /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsh3321.pdf.

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Souta, Aliki Anna. "A Critical Discourse Analysis of Cosmetic Products for Women and Men." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21090.

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By making a CDA the linguistic and semantic features in cosmetic products are going to be examined. For the purpose of this study, 99 products, from two companies, are analysed in order to find out if the marketing teams of the companies are using different linguistic and semiotic features in order to persuade their target group. Theories of masculinity and femininity are presented and the relationship between gender and language is analysed. Furthermore, Aristotle’s theory about the three proofs of persuasion ethos, pathos and logos is discussed. After analyzing and discussing the data that have been gathered in relation with the background theories, significant differences are noticed on the products for the two genders. In the research appears that the two genders are targeted in different ways and that different linguistic and semiotic features are used for each gender.
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Parveen, Shahnaj. "Empowerment of rural women in Bangladesh a household level analysis." Weikersheim Margraf, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2681912&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Khalfallah, Noran. "Women and the Environment in Tunisia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160454.

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This study investigates the underlying factors of what connects gender and social status with environmental exploitation in the Tunisian society. It starts from an Ecofeminist theoretical basis, which explores the male domination over women and the natural environment. Furthermore, it uses a top-down and a bottom-up approach to test the hypothesis of the study. The top-down approach relies on Dryzek’s discourse analysis while the bottom-up approach is based on empirical data and Schwartz’s seven cultural value orientation theory. Through the discourse analysis elements of a Sustainable Development environmental discourse were identified. Moreover, Schwartz’s culture value orientation theory showed that even though Tunisian women live in harmony with nature, because the society emphasizes values such as embeddedness and hierarchy, the culture is not likely to promote equality. Thus, the hypothesis of the study was fulfilled, i.e. there is a relationship between the subordination of the Tunisian woman and the degradation of the environment.
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Bycott, Valerie M. "Urban versus rural patterns of mammography use an analysis of two Southeastern states /." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-09282007-175629/.

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Thesis (M.Ph.)--Georgia State University, 2007.
Title from file title page. Russ Toal, committee chair; Rebecca Cowens-Alvarado, Ike Okosun, committee members. Electronic text (119 p. : col. maps) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 4, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-96).
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Limki, Rashné Marzban. "Beeran ki kai jaat ...? the figure of the woman in Partition discourse /." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p1464672.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 2, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-119).
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Breaden, Katrina Margaret, and katrina breaden@flinders edu au. "Rare and tragic: Young women diagnosed with advanced breast cancer; a discourse analysis." Flinders University. Medicine, 2009. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20091023.145507.

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Recent research into advanced breast cancer has suggested that young women in general tend to have more aggressive disease, present at a later stage of disease progression and suffer many more issues and concerns than their older counterparts. Whilst breast cancer in women in general has been the target of a vast amount of research and public attention, values and beliefs surrounding advanced breast cancer have not been a focus of concern. The aim of this thesis is to explore scientific journals, the media and to listen to the young women themselves in order to identify the understandings of advanced breast cancer in young women and the ways in which these understandings are perpetuated and sustained over time. The goal is to illuminate the various discourses that are currently being drawn upon to understand this life-limiting illness and the impact these discourses have on the lives of young women concerned. Poststructuralism is the theoretical perspective within which this thesis is located. This approach allowed for a focus on language, power and text. Discourse analysis of three data sets was used. These data sets were drawn from scientific and medical journals (251), medical texts (5), clinical practice guidelines (2), newspaper articles (230) and transcribed conversations with 12 young women diagnosed with advanced breast cancer. The main discourses identified within and across the various data sets were; the discourse of numeracy, the discourse of tragedy and several discourses of the body; the thin body, the declining body, the object body and the gendered body. While the emphasis of each of these discourses varied across the three data sets, they were all present in each to some degree, reflecting broader cultural stories within which the individual stories are located. Young women diagnosed and living with advanced breast cancer are currently being portrayed as living with a tragic disease, controlled and constrained by the statistics and probabilities and played out within and on a body in ‘perpetual disintegration’. The discourses of tragedy, numeracy and the thin, object, gendered and declining body all relate to larger stories of what it is to be dying before one’s time in Western society today.
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Kevci, Perisan. "Women journalists on the path of truth -an intersectional and critical discourse analysis." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45970.

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Møller, Silke. "Do Afghan women need saving? : A Critical Discourse Analysis of Laura Bush’s representation of the women in Afghanistan." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45801.

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Do Afghan women need saving? This study focuses on the discourse of the USA’s First Lady Mrs. Laura Bush in the years (2001-2009) and how she represents the women in Afghanistan in the context of the USA-led intervention in Afghanistan. My aim is to understand how the USA intervention can be legitimized through Mrs. Bush’s argumentation of bringing human rights to Afghan women. In the analysis in this thesis, Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis is used in combination with feminist and postcolonial theory to understand her discourse about the women in Afghanistan and how her resulting discourse functions in connection with the USA-led intervention in Afghanistan. The study concludes that Mrs. Bush constructs the Afghan women as in need of help and in connection the USA as the helping hand who have an obligation to save the women in Afghanistan. In combination with strategic use of ‘embedded feminism’ and an oriental discourse Mrs. Bush’s discourse functions to make the USA-led intervention in Afghanistan seem legitimate.
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Chilibeck, Gillian. "Moving mountains through women's movements : the"feminization" of development discourse and practice in the Indian Himalayas." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82696.

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This thesis examines the varied and contradictory ideas about rural women and their needs that are produced and circulate within development discourses and projects. It pays particular attention to the multiple actors involved in the production of such ideas and the relations of power that determine which ideas gain authority. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in the Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh, India, it looks at women's participation in three different development projects: a women's savings and credit group, a broad-based development NGO, and the women's village organizations (mahila mandals ). These case studies demonstrate how development organizations engage with local gender meanings, often working to reinforce or even exploit inequalities, rather than challenge them. As women are targeted by such projects, they creatively receive, shape, and negotiate the ideas and representations that they encounter about themselves. These encounters limit, and sometimes foster, women's potential for new political identities and agency.
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SCOTT, WENDY MICHELLE STONE. "UNDERSTANDING THE NEEDS OF RURAL WOMEN WITH LOW INCOME: AN ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1122557535.

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林偉強 and Wai-keung Lam. "A discourse analysis in "Kong boy" and "Kong girl"." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4320983X.

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Pratt, Tara. "The analysis of the interconnectedness of women, population and environment in the development discourse." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0019/MQ47683.pdf.

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Cutler, Haley. "The Construction of Womanhood in a Campaign Training Program for Women| A Discourse Analysis." Thesis, Prescott College, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1605873.

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Women are underrepresented in public office throughout the United States. Candidate recruitment and training are understood to be crucial interventions for increasing women’s representation in elected leadership (Rozzell, 2000; Carroll & Sanbonmatsu, 2009; Carroll & Sanbonmatsu, 2010). In response to this need, campaign programs for women have become increasingly prevalent across the country. However, the implications of what happens within campaign training programs and the impact particular training content has on participants, women’s political participation, and the political arena are still poorly understood. Using discourse analysis, this study seeks to understand the construction of womanhood in a campaign training program for women. The program for the purposes of this study is called Women in Politics (WiP). The WiP program is a multi-faceted, non-partisan, issue-neutral program geared towards encouraging and training women to run for public office and is located in a small city in the Southeast United States. Data was gathered using participant observation during three of six workshops in the series that were free and open to the public. Discourse about the intersections of candidacy, gender, race, age and class; family; and, appearance, perception and public judgement are examined to reveal how womanhood is constructed in ways that both reify and challenge or complicate hegemonic standards. The findings of this study indicate that for women to become elected to public office, a field in which women have been historically underrepresented, they must contend with and in many ways maintain hegemonic womanhood.

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Gerbais, Juliette. "Women Representation in Disaster Risk Reduction : A Critical Discourse Analysis of the UNDRR Frameworks." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-18446.

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While early relocation is not makeable, disaster risk reduction seems to be the most effective tool to decrease the impact of a disaster. This case study focuses on three UNDRR frameworks as they appear to be the greatest instance of international documents referring to disaster risk reduction (DRR). Especially, this research examines the representation of women within these frameworks and how their portrayal in DRR has changed over the last two decades. To do so, a critical discourse analysis of the three UNDRR frameworks is conducted. This study benefits from a social vulnerability approach and further engages with the Feminist Political Ecology theory. The analysis finds that even though women are increasingly represented in the frameworks, their roles as active participants remain negligible. Their knowledge and interest are still not recognised as valuable in DRR. Rather, women seem to be employed as tools to include more gender-sensitive programmes. This study recommends a greater and more complex emphasis on women in future DRR policies.
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Pal, Mariam S. "An analysis of the role of women in economic development /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66051.

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Al-Hejin, Bandar. "Covering Muslim women : a corpus-based critical discourse analysis of the BBC and Arab news." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627632.

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Despite a proliferation of research on Islam and Muslims in the media, very little work has focused on Muslim women, a much-debated social group that clearly merits special consideration. More specifically, no studies have approached the topic with any comprehensive methodologies, certainly not from a critical linguistic perspective. The overall aim of this thesis is therefore to investigate how Muslim women are represented in the BBe News compared to Arab News, as major 'Western' and 'Muslim' news sources respectively. The textual analyses are based on two purpose-built corpora, the BBCC (1.9 million words in 3,269 articles) and the ANC (2.2 million words in 3,111 articles), comprising all available articles mentioning Muslim women in the two news organisations' web sites from 2001 to 2007. Drawing on theory from critical discourse studies, the research employs analytical tools and concepts from the Dialectical-relational, Socio-cognitive, Discourse-historical, and Sociosemantic approaches to critical discourse analysis. These are combined with corpusbased methodologies to investigate linguistic patterns associated with Muslim women across thousands of texts in each corpus. The analysis therefore stands apart from previous studies in two respects. The first is its exhaustive approach to identifying a wide range of salient as well as underreported issues related to Muslim women in news discourse. The second is demonstrating a more integrated approach to conducting the quantitative and qualitative analyses that uniquely enhances the synergy between critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics. Findings suggest that Muslim women's representations are largely restricted in terms of regional coverage. Semantic macro structures related to conflict and crime are more prevalent in the BBC than Arab News. Muslim women in Arab News also appear in a wider range of contexts reporting their achievements and concerns in areas such as education, business and employment. Another contrast manifests itself in the way the two news sources construct the religion of Islam, especially in the context of women's rights where religious and cultural practices are often conflated. The hijab is a nodal discourse surrounding Muslim women in both news sources, but it was statistically more prominent in the BBe and its discourse prosody was more negative than in Arab News. The function of the hijab as a descriptive feature in some texts is often unclear, raising serious questions about its relevance. Overall, the representations of Muslim women are often problematic. Western 'liberal' narratives supported by 'evidence' from 'moderate' Muslim voices tend to be preferred in the BBe's reporting, especially with regard to the hijab. This results in a marginalisation of a majority of female Muslim voices. A number of recommendations are made for journalists to avoid recurrent misrepresentations of the experiences, hopes and concerns of different Muslim women. Keywords: critical discourse analysis, corpus linguistics, Muslim women, BBe, Arab News, media, newspapers, online news
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Adams, Joanne. "Therapists' constructions of practice in relation to women experiencing orgasm difficulty : a Foucauldian discourse analysis." Thesis, University of East London, 2016. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/5393/.

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The aim of this thesis is to explore how clinicians construct their practice with women experiencing difficulty with orgasm, by adopting a Foucauldian Discourse Analysis (FDA). In the first part, a critical review of the literature is presented, which illustrates the socio-historical constructions of female orgasm in relation to three distinct temporal periods; classical, modern and contemporary. The discursive constructions of orgasm within these epochs are considered in relation to research and treatment development. The thesis then presents the analysis which used semi-structured interviews to explore how six clinical psychologists and two psychosexual therapists make sense of the work they do with women experiencing difficulty with orgasm. The transcripts were analysed using a FDA. A critical realist social constructionist epistemological position was adopted in this research to facilitate the exploration of the constructed nature of orgasm, both at the local level of the text and the wider institutional level, to explore contextual and social factors and their implications for subjectivity. The analysis identified that clinicians construct their understanding of therapy with women experiencing difficulty with orgasm in three main ways. They constructed their practice in terms of pursuing expert knowledge to secure professional power. They constructed the women with whom they work as ‘problematic’ yet ‘untreatable’ in the context of dominant biomedical discourses. Finally, they constructed the broader service context as regulating the ways in which they are able to conceptualise and ‘treat’ this presentation, thus perpetuating a pathologising construction. This thesis recommends that clinicians should focus on interventions that promote a strength-based and systemic approach, which adopt a preventative stance towards addressing this phenomenon, involving social action and community development. Finally, supervision and reflective practice is recommended to increase awareness of the impact of social discourses on the subjectivity of the women who present for ‘treatment’.
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Rush, Ed. "A reflective analysis of a transformative pedagogical approach at a rural Thai University." Rush, Ed (2007) A reflective analysis of a transformative pedagogical approach at a rural Thai University. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2007. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/284/.

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Mass culture in Thailand creates idealizations about female beauty which cause many women to engage in destructive behavior such as starvation dieting and forced vomiting. In this dissertation I describe efforts to develop awareness among a group of predominately female students at a rural Thai university about the ideological purposes of these idealizations. Using a CD-based multimedia research template, the students reported the 'common sense' beliefs which help create the beauty ideal and the effects of these beliefs on their own lives and the lives of other women. The major finding of their research was that mass culture creates beauty ideologies to maintain social stratification, in that those women who are made to feel 'ugly' because they do not resemble the white-skinned underweight ideal tend not to be members of the elite social class which has the resources and time to achieve these ideals. The significance of this dissertation lies in the emancipatory effects that it produced; although a Critical Discourse Analysis showed that the students continued to assimilate some of the values and interests which they had identified as 'oppressive', they also demonstrated to varying degrees that they had ceased to think and behave in ways which had caused them mental and physical damage in the past.
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30

Shaver, Amy Susan Douglass. "Attaining "healthy life" as perceived by rural elderly community dwellers a narrative analysis /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.

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31

Chenge, Violet Wambui. "The correlate between fertility and landholding among rural women in kenya: a multivariate analysis." University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4038.

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Masters of Science
The present study is an understanding of the relationship that exists between landholding and the reproductive behaviour of rural women in Kenya. Traditional women have rights to cultivate land as well as control income from the resulting crop production but rarely have rights to allocate or alienate land. Men are the rightful owners of the land. When the rightful owner person passes away, the eldest son of the family automatically takes ownership of the land and subsequent care of the family. This period of land ownership supported high fertility rates. However, in current spaces this practice has changed. Land is scarce and people are opting for other alternatives of limiting their family sizes. The aim of the study is to address the dissimilar changes of fertility behaviour among women in rural Kenya. Particularly, landholdings and low fertility behaviour, focusing on how this change happened. Data used is from the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) 2008/2009. We acquire a representative sample size of 6761 women age 15-49 from the data. A multiplicity of statistical parameters like chi-square test, p-value, logistic regression, and multivariate analysis are adopted. In this regard, the relationship that exists between fertility and landholdings leads to large family sizes. In addition, land decrease has lead to the search of alternatives such as education, employment, and increase in age at marriage. The introduction of these factors has promoted smaller family sizes. This study is immensely useful for the policy makers, planners and other interested stakeholders in population and development spheres in this juncture.
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Alvarado, Beatriz Rosa. "Issues of voice and agency in Andean rural young women's education an ethnographic study /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155670273.

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33

Larsson, Anna. "Women's Empowerment Through the Lens of UN Women : A Qualitative Discourse Analysis from a Feminist Perspective." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-274199.

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Despite the breakthrough of ‘women’s empowerment’ in the international development field and the continuous emphasis on its importance, there is still no consensus on the concept’s meaning. Many feminist scholars argue that this has affected the concept’s transformative potential as development institutions have tended to adopt overly simplistic understandings. The recent establishment of UN Women can be understood as marking an institutionalization of the women’s empowerment agenda as it was created through development institutions’ joint forces for the increased advancement of gender agendas. With this new institution and the still ambiguous meaning of women’s empowerment, this study examines how UN Women understands women’s empowerment and explores possible implications of this understanding for its practice of empowering women. Via ideal types this study uses feminist critique and visions as reference points to discuss whether UN Women has managed to change previous simplistic understanding of women’s empowerment. The study concludes that UN Women’s understanding of women’s empowerment is similar to the international development institutions’ often adopted understanding of the concept. The results therefore imply that despite the institutionalization of the women’s empowerment agenda via the creation of UN Women, the transformative project of women’s empowerment is likely to be absent.
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Heenan, Mary Colleen. "The application of discourse analysis to a feminist psychodynamic psychotherapy group for women with eating disorders." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361972.

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35

Ross, Avina. "Black feminist discourse analysis of portrayals of gender violence against Black women: A social work dissertation." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4578.

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This study explored media discourse of gender violence against Black women in Black contemporary films. Four Tyler Perry films were examined using a novel, qualitative and analytical framework: Black Feminist Discourse Analysis. Discourses that were studied include, but were not limited to: portrayals of gender violence and victims, character dispositions and interactions, stereotypes, relationship dynamics as well as portrayals of race, gender, sexuality and religion. The use of new and existing controlling images based on systems of race, gender, sexuality and religion were revealed in a transitional and systemic model. Common themes across the films are provided. This research closes with concluding assertions grounded by existing literature and the current study’s findings, as well as recommendations for future film writing and production and implications for social work.
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Jeevan, Shopna Sri Ranga. "How do Indian and Pakistani women in the community talk about domestic violence? : a discourse analysis." Thesis, University of East London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532947.

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This research aimed to consider how South Asian women in the community talked about 'domestic violence', attending to their understanding of domestic violence and their construction of those who experienced domestic violence. A qualitative study was conducted in which seven South Asian women who did not have previous experience of domestic violence (that is women from a nonclinical population) were individually interviewed. A discourse analysis was then undertaken. The discourse analysis focused on the 'interpretative repertories' which women used in their interactions with the researcher. It focused on how people use discursive resources and with what effects. This analysis highlighted that women who participated in the current research constructed domestic violence as being cultural. Tolerance and acceptance of domestic violence were understood as being part of women's role in South Asian culture. Women who experienced domestic violence were constructed as being responsible in some way for the violence that they experienced. Although these women were constructed as being powerless, they were positioned as being more responsible than men for maintaining a good family life, which led to the tolerance and acceptance of violence. However, in contrast, men were constructed as being powerful but not responsible for the impact that domestic violence had on the family. Based on the research findings, there appears to be imbalances between men and women in terms of power and responsibility, which seems to be grounded in their socially constructed gender roles. The present research suggests that there appears to be no image of 'the couple' in South Asian relationships (particularly for individuals involved in domestic violence), instead men and women were constructed as individuals with different roles. This has implications for clinical practice. Further implications relating to mental health service provision and community interventions are also discussed.
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Mansour, Garni. "VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN TIMES OF CONFLICT : A textual analysis of media representations of Yazidi women during ISIS conflict in Iraq and Syria." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Umeå centrum för genusstudier (UCGS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-177936.

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Sexual violence against women in the time of conflict is a problem that appeared in many cases during wartime. Despite that it is a common problem, media and especially Western media through its coverage of war and rape during war did not give this concept its focus but rather researcher argued that media focus’s in its coverage on its ideology and agendas. In this study, which focus on media coverage during ISIS war in Iraq and Syria, critical discourse analysis was carried out on Western media and Arab media in order to understand media representation for Yazidi women who been subject to sexual violence and the potential outcomes for their representation. The results of the analysis showed that Western media represented Yazidi women as victims, on the other hand Arab media represented them as survivors, Western media portray put Yazidi women in the box of being the “other”, while both Western and Arab media had specific ideologies in their coverage, Western media with a political agenda and Arab media in justifying Islam from ISIS actions. In both cases media did not took sexual violence against Yazidi women in the wartime rape discourse.
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Persson, Isabelle. "The Good, The Bad, and the Women." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23033.

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This study focus on Western constructions of two categories of women – the female Kurdish fighters of the YPJ and the Western Muhaajirat – actively engaging in the Syrian conflict at the time of writing. Using Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis in combination with postcolonial feminist theory, I have scrutinized 12 news pieces selected from Swedish, British and North American influential news media houses, in order to provide a deeper understanding of the discourses underpinning these constructions. The outcome of the analysis show that news media tend to reproduce reductionist and orientalist views on these particular women. The YPJ is generally constructed as the liberated woman and the ideal Other, whereas the Western Muhaajirat tend to be understood as the victim and/or conservative and backwards, thus neatly positioning them as opposites so as to promote specific (Western) ways of progression, development and gender equality. Women’s agency is constructed and judged according to Western standards, and results in the continuous reproduction of imperialist discourses and the European gender order where femininity remains less valuable than masculinity.
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39

Thawley, Sarah. "Discursive space in the discourse of a woman school leader." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/262/.

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40

Bycott, Valerie Miranda. "Urban Versus Rural Patterns of Mammography Use: An Analysis of Two Southeastern States." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/15.

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Mammography is widely recognized as the best method to detect breast cancer. This study examined the screening rate differences among women who live in urban and rural counties in Georgia and North Carolina. Data on the mammography screening rates was obtained from the Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for 2002 and 2004. To assess the availability of mammography facilities, data was obtained from the Mammography Facility Database provided by the FDA. Multivariate logistic regression showed that having a usual source of care in urban counties was a positive predictor of women 40-59 years of age getting screened in both states; having a personal doctor and health care coverage was significantly associated with women ages 60 and above getting screened. Getting screened was negatively predicted for women 60 years of age and older who had only a high school education. Data pertaining to mammography screening rates at the state level needs to be made publicly available to compare differences that exist among states. To better address an individual’s access to mammography facilities, a survey should be developed by the American Cancer Society which addresses the facility’s hours of operation, populations served from neighboring counties, translation services available and number of mobile versus permanent facilities in each county. INDEX WORDS: mammography, screening, breast cancer, urban, rural, barriers, access, state cancer plan, metropolitan, non metropolitan
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Horan, Geraldine Theresa. "'Ebenso echt weiblich wie echt nationalsozialistisch' : an analysis of female discourse in National Socialism, 1924-1934." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322878.

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42

Ujevic, Danica. "(Re)Presentations of Sexual Violence Against Women: An Analysis of Media Reports of Rape." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32069.

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There is a problem with attitudes that blame the victim of sexual assault: these attitudes are widespread and show popular adhesion to assumptions about rape that have been criticized and combatted by feminists. These assumptions are known as “rape myths.” It is important to look at the role newspapers play in contemporary discourse around rape and the extent to which they reproduce rape myths or, alternatively, incorporate a feminist critique. This research examines how sexual assault is constructed in three English-language newspapers, The Toronto Star, The Globe and Mail, and The National Post in the year 2012. Using qualitative content analysis, themes of rape myths and the presence of feminist discourse are categorized. The power of language when describing rape in the media is recognized and a description of rape-supportive culture, within a feminist theoretical framework, is provided. The ultimate aim of this research is to identify and challenge myths and stereotypes surrounding rape as well as identify possible feminist discourse on rape in print news media in Canada.
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Nuraddin, Nabila. "Women and the Media : The Representation of Muslim Women in Liberal-nonpartisan Italian Newspapers." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36391.

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Muslim women are misrepresented through frames and stereotypes that the media uses to further an established narrative. Through a Critical Discourse Analysis, the study analyzes three liberal-nonpartisan Italian newspapers and their approach towards two themes, which are the burkini debate that occurred in late August 2016 and the analysis of three different Muslim women within the Italian society. The study concludes that Muslim women are negatively framed through the usage of a discourse that stereotypes them and constructively misrepresents their reality.
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Andersson, Sara. "Women’s sports : A discourse analytic investigation into the representation of women in sports media." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-47891.

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Language is affected by the society in which it is used. Men and women have not had the same status in society, which means that the language used about them may potentially be different. A domain in society that was created for men is sports, yet, nowadays women also feature in sports. The aim of this study is to explore how women and their performances in sports are represented in newspapers. Previous research in the field of language, gender and sports has found that women are not depicted in the same way as men (Lundquist Wanneberg, 2011; Bissel, 2006; Segrave, McDowell and King III, 2006). To study how women are represented in sports articles, six articles about female athletes were analyzed through Critical Discourse Analysis. The analysis was based on Fairclough and Wodak’s (2010) framework that focuses on the domains of representation, relations and identities. These domains were divided into five categories: terms used to refer to the athletes, attributes, performance, sport descriptions and emotions. This allowed an analysis which showed how the world of sports views women, how women are represented as athletes, and the relation between the athletes and their sports. The analysis showed that women are depicted as ‘female’ athletes, not just athletes. This could be found through the usage of, for example, the noun and possessive marker women’s, which is used as a premodifier to describe the sports throughout the texts. It was also found that the world of sports is normally one where men are active and therefore it had to be explained when women were excellent at their sport, even when compared to men. This could be found through the usage of explanatory language, which clearly stated that the female athletes in question are or can be better than men.
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Lee, Ka-yan Maggie, and 李嘉欣. "Advertising discourse analysis : a case study of female identities in a Hong Kong local female magazine." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207134.

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Although Hong Kong ranked 15th globally in the United Nations Gender–related Development Index 2013 (UNDP, 2014), a discrepancy was identified between female images portrayed in print media and the actual gender equality progresses achieved (Equal Opportunities Commission, 2009). Media portrayals of female, particularly body beauty advertisements, disseminate female stereotypes and unequal gender ideologies. According to Wolf (1992, p.12), evaluating females with reference to a “culturally imposed physical standard” is the “last, best belief system that keeps male dominance intact”. The research investigated the current female identities textually and visually constructed in beauty culture magazine advertisements from an issue of the popular local female magazine, the (More) Oriental Sunday. It also explored how local consumers are approached with the female portrayals visually. It differs from the existing studies on local female portrayals in the media in terms of its approach and focus. As opposed to adopting content analysis, survey or focus group discussion, the research is based on a systematic linguistic analysis of beauty culture advertisements. It adopted a Dialectical-Relational Approach to Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough, 2009) and utilized Systemic Functional Linguistics (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004), Visual Social Semiotics (Kress & van Leeuwen, 2006) as well as Goffman‘s gender display categories (1987). The findings show that discourses of objectification and self-objectification were concurrently represented in the female identities constructed textually and visually. The study implies that, in general, beauty culture magazine advertisements perpetuate the ideologies of beauty myth, emphasized femininity and patriarchy to enforce the social dominance of male and maximize profit simultaneously.
published_or_final_version
Applied English Studies
Master
Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics
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46

Sirén, T. (Tea). "Representations of men and women in English language textbooks:a critical discourse analysis of Open Road 1–7." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201805312348.

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The purpose of the current thesis is to investigate possible gender bias and sexism and the description of masculinity and femininity in the Open Road textbook series, a series that is used in Finnish high schools in the teaching of English. A critical discourse analysis was conducted on seven Open Road books. The research materials consisted of the entirety of the books; main texts in the chapters, illustrations on the pages, exercises that had text and the materials found in the teacher’s file in https://opepalvelu.otava.fi/. I examined the research materials on the basis of five themes which were overrepresentation of men, social gender roles, activities, sexualization and language. Stereotypical and traditional ways of portraying both men and women were found but, also, patterns that broke the stereotypes appeared on the pages of the textbooks. What sets this research apart from earlier studies is that it does not exclude men in the analysis. Further research on gender representation in school textbooks should be continued because we have not reached gender equality in the school world
Tämän pro gradu -tutkielman tarkoitus on selvittää kriittisen diskurssianalyysin keinoin, miten maskuliinisuus ja feminiinisyys ilmenee Open Road oppikirjoissa, joita käytetään englannin kielen opetuksessa Suomen lukioissa. Tarkoitus on myös selvittää, ilmeneekö kirjasarjassa seksismiä tai sukupuoleen liittyviä ennakkoluuloja. Tutkimusmateriaali koostui seitsemästä oppikirjasta, niiden pääteksteistä, kuvista, tehtävistä sekä internetistä löytyvästä opettajan oppaasta. Tutkimus paljasti, että kirjoista löytyy stereotyyppisiä sekä perinteisiä tapoja esittää sekä miehiä että naisia, mutta myös stereotypioita vastaan taistelevia esimerkkejä esiintyi. Tarkastelin tutkimusmateriaaleja viiden teeman näkökulmasta, jotka olivat: miehien yliedustus, sosiaaliset sukupuoliroolit, aktiviteetit, seksualisointi sekä kieli. Aikaisemmista tutkimuksista tämä työ eroaa siinä, että se ottaa huomioon myös miehet ja sen, kuinka heistä luodaan kuvia tutkittavassa kirjasarjassa. Tutkimusta sukupuolien näkyvyydestä tulee jatkaa sillä emme ole tavoittaneet tasa-arvoisuutta sukupuolikysymyksissä koulumaailmassa
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47

Jacobsson, Emma. "What women cannot not want? : - a critical discourse analysis of Swedish gender equality policy in development cooperation." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Umeå centrum för genusstudier (UCGS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161969.

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Gender equality is an important attribute in Sweden, much connected to the country’s selfimage. This thesis analyzes Swedish state policy strategies for Sweden’s works with gender equality abroad, in development cooperation. From a feminist postcolonial perspective, the thesis conducts a critical discourse analysis of the policy framework regulating Swedish development cooperation in relation to gender equality. The result show that women and men are constructed as discursively different in the policy framework. Further, the issue of gender inequality, as portrayed within the policy framework, constructs women as particular vulnerable and subordinated to men. A discursive construction which paradoxically reinforces the traditional, stereotypical gender norms which the policy framework aims to abolish. In line with this paradox the result also show that men are not recognized as responsible for gender inequalities nor are they lifted as agents of change in gender equality work. A result that suggests that women are both the ones in need of and the ones responsible for creating a gender equal future in developing nations according to the discourse of Swedish development cooperation policy.
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Kopf, Susanne. "A Critical Discourse Analysis: The Representation of Hillary Rodham Clinton and Women in the New York Times." Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4618/1/Kopf_(2013)._chapter_13.pdf.

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This Critical Discourse Analysis investigates the representation of Hillary Rodham Clinton and women in the New York Times during the presidential candidacy campaigns 2008. First, relevant aspects of social practice in the United States of America are introduced. The concept of "women" in U.S. society, prevalent gender stereotypes, the public's perception of Rodham Clinton and leadership ideals are among the facets of social practice that are dealt with in the course of this essay. This is followed by a discussion of how aspects of social practice are drawn upon and utilised in the representation of Rodham Clinton and women by the New York Times. Excerpts of an in-depth linguistic analysis carried out on the article "Clinton's Message, and Moment, Won the Day", which was published in the New York Times on 10 January 2008, are used to exemplify how the Times' represents the candidate and women in general. Besides drawing conclusions with respect to which facets of social practice the New York Times draws upon in its representation of Rodham Clinton and women, this essay also attempts to give a short insight into how the newspaper's reporting, in turn, might affect social practice with regard to "women".
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Lee, Ann-Gee. "Female fabrications an examination of the public and private aspects of Nüshu /." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1225660015.

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50

De, Vaal Amelia. "Vrouetydskrifte as sosiokulturele joernale : prominente diskoerse oor vroue en die beroepswêreld in agt vrouetydskrifte uit 2006." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11202007-135658.

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