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1
Sireni, Maarit. "Reinventing rural femininities in the post-productivist Finnish countryside." European Countryside 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/euco-2015-0003.
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Abstract This paper examines how Finnish farm women interpret their own position as women on family farms. Following the poststructuralist approach in rural gender studies, the analysis focuses on the meanings which women produce regarding agrarian femininity. For this purpose, interview material on their everyday life stories are compared with the discourses on rural femininities in the Koti magazine, which is published by the most important organization representing farm women in Finland. It is concluded that the positions in which farm women present themselves are in accordance with the discourses on rural femininity produced and mediated by this magazine. Farm women present themselves, and they are expected to be, economically active agents in the post-productivist countryside
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Channa, Abdul Razaque, and Tayyaba Batool Tahir. "Be a Man, do not Cry like a Woman: Analyzing Gender Dynamics in Pakistan." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.2.28.
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Contrary to the view that gender is fluid, as concurred by several social scientists, in traditional Pakistani understanding, gender is seen in fixed binaries, i.e., either you are a man or a woman. The third category is known as the third gender in Pakistan. It is interesting to note that although gender is seen as fixed in Pakistani cultures, in informal discussions, varied shades of gender are highlighted by informants based on gender performativity. By drawing on the postmodern feminist theory of gender performativity, this paper does a discourse analysis of informant’s views about gender construction and dynamics in rural Sindh. Ethnographic fieldnotes have been used as primary data to analyze gender nuances implicit in Pakistani men's informal discourse. This paper argues that contrary to unchanging gender identities as endorsed by Pakistan society's patriarchal structure, men dismiss these fixed identities during an informal discussion. Instead, they shuffle gender identities by branding men and women as feminine men and masculine women, respectively, based on their gender performativity. We conclude that irrespective of physical outlook, the power lies in hegemonic forms of agency. Gender relationships and gender performance shape the sexual and gender identity of subjects.
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Weiler, Kathleen. "Reflections on Writing a History of Women Teachers." Harvard Educational Review 67, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 635–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.67.4.jr17u2244k168470.
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In this article, Kathleen Weiler reflects on the historiography of Country Schoolwomen, her recent study of women teachers in rural California. Using a broad definition of feminist research, Weiler summarizes some of the most salient issues currently under debate among feminist scholars. She raises questions about the nature of knowledge, the influence of language in the social construction of gender, and the importance of an awareness of subjectivity in the production of historical evidence. Using several cases from Country Schoolwomen, Weiler discusses the importance of considering the conditions under which testimony is given, both in terms of the dominant issues of the day — for example, the way womanliness or teaching is presented in the authoritative discourse — and the relationship between speaker and audience. She concludes that a feminist history that begins with a concern with the constructed quality of evidence moves uneasily between historical narrative and a self-conscious analysis of texts.
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Tolstova, M. A. "Verbalization of the Concept WOMAN (On the Material of Female Dialect Discourse)." Critique and Semiotics 38, no. 2 (2020): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2020-2-114-128.
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This article is devoted to the development of a linguistic model for describing the concept WOMAN. The material is women’s dialect discourse. The sources of the material are the Tomsk dialect corpus which includes materials of expeditions organized by dialectologists of Tomsk State University from 1946 to the present days on the territory of Middle Ob dialects spread. In the article we used modeling method based on the idea of the nominative field of a concept, as well as an interpretation technique relying on analysis of contexts, and a method of quantitative calculations used in relation to units that represent the concept. Lexical and phraseological units that make up the nominative field of the concept were revealed during the research. These units were divided into the following lexical-semantic groups: 1) the general nominations of a female person; 2) age and status in marriage; 4) status in the family hierarchy; 5) anatomical and biological characteristics; 6) character traits and behavior; 7) appearance characteristics; 8) profession and work processes. Elements of different layers of the concept are revealed in each lexical- semantic group. All of them give a general picture of ideas about women. So, the basis for identifying of gender conceptualizations and stereotypes is the presence of linguistic oppositions of male and female; the presence of a large number of lexical units that reflect the status of marriage (girl, bride, young woman, wife, mistress, old woman, widow, old girl, brooch and so on); lexical pairs that are opposed to each other on the basis of evaluation “positive” – “negative” (clean, clean – dirty, mistress – disheveled, etc.). A large number of words that negatively assess certain qualities and behavior of women (gossip girl, market woman, stramovka, etc.) indicate the high requirements imposed on the woman, the condemnation of deviations from social norms. The content of the concept of WOMAN depends on the specifics of rural existence, which is based on work, the presence of patriarchal gender stereotypes, social and historical events and processes. The significance of the research is determined by the possibility of using its results for development of a new interdisciplinary scientific field – gender dialectology that studies the gender characteristics of the dialect.
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Musavengane, Regis, Henry Bikwibili Tantoh, and Danny Simatele. "A Comparative Analysis of Collaborative Environmental Management of Natural Resources in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Study of Cameroon and South Africa." Journal of Asian and African Studies 54, no. 4 (January 31, 2019): 512–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909618825276.
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In Africa, rural communities thrive on social capital and tend to have a number of commonalities that force them to share natural, physical and social resources. It has been a trend in sub-Saharan Africa to have either formal or informal collaborative management agreements to manage common pool resources (CPRs) to accommodate different actors and interests. This paper draws lessons from past and contemporary collaborative schemes in Cameroon and South Africa to enhance the practice and governance processes of natural resources in sub-Saharan Africa in order to promote sustainable development. Using research methods inspired by the tradition of participatory research to collect field-based data and complemented by reflections on previous and existing studies, the paper highlights the importance and benefits of participatory democracy as opposed to representational democracy in co-management of natural resources in rural spaces. It further discusses the need to redefine the roles of national and local governments, the youths and women in ensuring effective participation and the essence of unifying the judicial and culture. To guarantee sustainability of collaborative community-based natural resources, the paper emphasises the role and importance of youth and women empowerment. These issues have been discussed within the broader sustainability discourse.
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Niraula, Tirtha Raj. "Interplay of Power Relations in Neeharika’s Yogmaya: A Foucauldian Discourse Analysis." Dristikon: A Multidisciplinary Journal 10, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dristikon.v10i1.34560.
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This article aims at exploring how Neelam Karki Niharika‘s Yogmaya presents the complex web of power relations that comprise domination, submission, and resistance. It mainly draw son Michel Foucault‘s idea that power is pervasive, not just oppressive but productive as well. Viewed from the Foucauldian notion of power as a theoretical framework, the study reveals the interplay of dominant and counter discourses in propagating knowledge and truth that are constructed and reconstructed. The novel is treated as a site of struggle where the state power along with the discourses of religion, patriarchy, and gender roles prominently operate so as to suppress the voice of the dissent. Yogmaya, a rural woman of the humble background, continuously resists both verbally and physically against various forms of power in the face of threats. She exercises her power in the same way as those who traditionally believe they possess it. In this connection, the focus lies on the protagonist‘s persistent attempts of resistance through the bold interrogation of the hegemonizing discourses and regimes of truth. As the text under study is written in Nepali, I use transliteration and free translation in order to cite the lines for analysis.
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D'Antona, Álvaro de Oliveira, Jessica Andrea Chelekis, Maria Fernanda Lirani de Toledo D'Antona, and Andrea Dalledone Siqueira. "Contraceptive discontinuation and non-use in Santarém, Brazilian Amazon." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 25, no. 9 (September 2009): 2021–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2009000900016.
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In this paper we discuss the causes of non-adherence to reversible contraceptives, especially hormonal methods, among women in rural Santarém in the Brazilian Amazon. The analysis is based on questionnaires with 398 women and visits to health centers. We consider the motives reported by women who: never used contraception; used some method in the past; and who at the time of the survey were using a different method from the ones they used in the past. The results indicate a rejection of hormonal contraception and a preference for female sterilization, an option possibly influenced by the characteristics of health services in the region. The side effects of hormonal contraceptive use reported by part of the interviewees contribute to a generalized fear of the side effects even among women who have never used such methods. To improve women's health services in the Amazon, we recommend further studies of the relationship between reported side effects and available services and prescriptions, as well as an analysis of women's discourse and perceptions.
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Baatiema, Linus, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Aliu Moomin, Mukaila Mumuni Zankawah, and Doris Koramah. "Does Antenatal Care Translate into Skilled Birth Attendance? Analysis of 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey." Advances in Public Health 2019 (April 28, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6716938.
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Background. Despite the high antenatal care attendance rate in Ghana, skilled birth attendance is relatively low. There is limited evidence on whether antenatal care attendance translates into skilled birth attendance in the Ghanaian research discourse. This study investigates whether antenatal care attendance translates into skilled birth. Methods. We extracted data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Data were analysed using descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses at 5% confidence interval. Results. The descriptive findings indicated a vast variation between antenatal care attendance and skilled birth attendance. Skilled birth attendance was consistently low across almost all sociodemographic characteristics as compared to antenatal care attendance. The binary logistic regression analysis however indicated higher inclination toward skilled birth attendance among women who had at least four antenatal care visits [OR=5.87, CI=4.86-7.08]. The category of women noted to have higher tendencies of skilled birth attendance was those with higher/tertiary education [OR=9.13, CI=2.19-37.93], the rich [OR=4.27, CI=3.02-6.06], urban residents [OR=2.35, CI=1.88-2.93], women with maximum of four children [OR=1.36, CI=1.08-1.72], and those using modern contraceptives [OR=1.24, CI=1.03-1.50]. Conclusion. We recommend that interventions to enhance skilled birth attendance must target women who do not achieve at least four antenatal visits, those with low wealth standing, those not using contraceptives, and women without formal education. Again, an in-depth qualitative study is envisaged to deepen the understanding of these dynamics in the rural setting.
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Ladegaard, Hans J. "Language competence, identity construction and discursive boundary-making: Distancing and alignment in domestic migrant worker narratives." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2020, no. 262 (March 26, 2020): 97–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2019-2071.
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AbstractMany people in developing countries are faced with a dilemma. If they stay at home, their children are kept in poverty with no prospects of a better future; if they become migrant workers, they will suffer long-term separation from their families. This article focuses on one of the weakest groups in the global economy: domestic migrant workers. It draws on a corpus of more than 400 narratives recorded at a church shelter in Hong Kong and among migrant worker returnees in rural Indonesia and the Philippines. In sharing sessions, migrant women share their experiences of working for abusive employers, and the article analyses how language is used to include and exclude. The women tell how their employers construct them as “incompetent” and “stupid” because they do not speak Chinese. However, faced by repression and marginalisation, the women use their superior English language skills to get back at their employers and momentarily gain the upper hand. Drawing on ideologies of language as the theoretical concept, the article provides a discourse analysis of selected excerpts focusing on language competence and identity construction.
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ISHAQUE, NAUSHEEN. "The Burden of the Female Body: An Islamic Feminist Reading of Qaisra Shahraz’s Typhoon." International Journal of Islamic Thought 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24035/ijit.19.2021.198.
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A sequel to The Holy Woman(2001), Typhoon(2003) is Qaisra Shahraz’s second novel. This paper analyses how Shahraz continues problematizing female sexuality and the politics attached to it, especially in rural Pakistan. It dilates upon the discourse that surrounds the female body and sexuality in Pakistan society within and outside the framework of marriage. What is at stake is that women’s own sexuality becomes a burden for them. On the contrary, men take pride in their masculinity which gives authenticity to their voice. The cultural colonization of women’s lives (as it appears in Shahraz’s novel) is addressed under the theoretical rationale of Islamic feminism. This is done with the aim to locate the space granted to women in Islam, especially when it comes to the female body and its sexuality.
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Kumar, Avanish. "Citizen-centric model of governmental entrepreneurship." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 13, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-03-2018-0023.
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PurposeThe paper aims to examine a citizen-centric model of governmental entrepreneurship that transforms public service management for the empowerment of marginalized women.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts a qualitative methodology to analyze the distinctive model of a rural livelihoods program in India. A fieldwork was conducted in four villages, a total of 250 women were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire and eight focus-group discussions were conducted. The data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis and discourse analysis. Finally, the findings were shared with women in the study area.FindingsThe analysis suggests that the adoption of distinct management for social welfare program results in social legitimacy and social value creation. JEEViKA illustrates that citizen-centric social entrepreneurship model is an outcome of internal and external governance mechanisms, strategy that thrusts on skills and capacity as investment, tools local women (community resource persons) as instruments and targets spatial saturation as an intervention creates political and economic participation, and that marketability promotes power over economic resources that enable freedom from servitude.Research limitations/implicationsThe model provides a direction to overcome multiple barriers to addressing poverty and marginalization.Practical implicationsPoor and government can leverage through the collaborative capacity to meet ever-evolving social needs by developing a state-society partnership in citizen-centric governmental entrepreneurship.Social implicationsThe policies to overcome large-scale marginalization can adopt citizen-centric model to create social legitimacy that furthers social value among the poor and marginalized rural women.Originality/valueThis study provides a model that illustrates government ability to transform marginalized poor as co-producers of development benefits.
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Sakanko, Musa Abdullahi. "Financial inclusion and women participation in gainful employment: an empirical analysis of Nigeria." Indonesian Journal of Islamic Economics Research 2, no. 1 (August 26, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/ijier.v2i1.3517.
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The paper examines the effect of financial inclusion on women participation in gainful employment in Nigeria for the period 1980 – 2018, employing the ARDL method. Both in the short run, and long-run the results obtained indicated a positive relationship between financial inclusion and women participation in gainful employment. Thus, the paper recommends that the government should ensure that the barriers to financial inclusion is reduced or removed. This will increase women participation in economic activities, since measures regarding financial inclusion is adjudged as convenient, safety and prompt. Measures that will enhance private deposit and expansion of more commercials banks branch in rural areas to enhance women’s access to financial services which discourage the use of informal financial services should be encouraged.
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Reid, Donald. "Industrial Paternalism: Discourse and Practice in Nineteenth-Century French Mining and Metallurgy." Comparative Studies in Society and History 27, no. 4 (October 1985): 579–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500011671.
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In recent years paternalism has become one of the most discussed concepts in social history. While historians of women invoke paternalism and patriarchy to help explain relations of male domination, Marxist historians have found paternalism useful in expanding their analyses of class consciousness. Eugene Genovese organized his interpretation of slavery in the American south around paternalism. For E. P. Thompson, the breakdown of the ideology and practice of rural paternalism underlay the development of “class struggle without class” in eighteenth-century England. Despite Genovese's warning that paternalism is an inappropriate concept for understanding industrial society, several recent studies have identified paternalism as an important factor in the history of industrial labor during the nineteenth century. Daniel Walkowitz and Tamara Haraven have analyzed paternalism in the textile industries of upstate New York and southern New Hampshire. Lawrence Schofer and David Crew have studied paternalism in nineteenth-century German heavy industry, and Patrick Joyce has recently argued for its centrality in the restructuring of class relations in the late Victorian textile industry.
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Tello Divicino, Aleida Leticia, Monica Violeta Morales Jiménez, and Dulce María Quinterio Romero. "El discurso periodístico de la participación de las mujeres en el Movimiento de los 43 = The journalistic discourse of women’s participation in the Movement of the 43." Cuestiones de género: de la igualdad y la diferencia, no. 13 (June 19, 2018): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/cg.v0i13.5401.
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<p class="Cuerpodetexto"><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>El 26 de septiembre de 2014, policías municipales desaparecieron a 43 estudiantes de la Escuela Normal Rural de Ayotzinapa en Iguala, Guerrero, México. Las madres de los desaparecidos fueron las primeras y principales participantes del movimiento social nombrado por los medios de comunicación como el Movimiento de los 43. Sin embargo, en el discurso de la prensa fueron invisibilizadas o relegadas a los roles tradiciones establecidos por el sistema patriarcal, de acuerdo con los resultados de un Análisis Crítico del Discurso realizado a tres diarios de circulación local y estatal del estado de Guerrero, que nos permite documentar que la práctica periodística sin perspectiva de género violenta los derechos humanos de las mujeres.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>On September 26, 2014, municipal police were involved in the disappearance of 43 students from the Normal Rural School of Ayotzinapa in Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico. The mothers of the missing students were the first and main participants in the social movement labeled by the media as the Movement of the 43. Nevertheless, in the press discourse they were made invisible or relegated to traditionally established patriarchal roles, in accordance to the results of a Critical Discourse Analysis made of three local and state newspapers in circulation in the state of Guerrero, which allows us to document that journalistic practice without the perspective of gender violates the human rights of women.</p>
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Demeshkina, Tatiana A., and Maria A. Tolstova. "The Communicative Strategy of Self-Presentation in Female Dialect Discourse (Based on Autobiographical Stories)." Tekst. Kniga. Knigoizdanie, no. 24 (2020): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/23062061/24/3.
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The article examines the communicative strategy of self-presentation in female dialect discourse. Female dialect discourse is understood as a gender-marked type of dialect discourse. On the one hand, it incorporates all the features of dialect discourse; on the other, it has a number of features due to the gender of the subject. The sources of the study were oral autobiographical stories recorded during dialectological expeditions organized by the staff of Tomsk State University from 1946 to the present time in the areas where Russian old-timer dialects of the Middle Ob region are in use. The description of self-presentation strategy tactics in the female dialect discourse includes the following stages: identification and typification of the main tactics; analysis of their content; description of their linguistic expression. Based on the nature of the data provided (presence or absence of a subjective evaluative component), the authors identified the key tactics implementing the strategy of self-presentation: transferring objective information and transferring subjective information. The tactic of transferring objective information about oneself involves the transfer of factual information of a logical nature, which is based on facts: age, marital status, presence/absence of children, profession, place of residence, etc. The tactic of transferring subjective information contains the respondent’s evaluation of their appearance, character traits, intellectual level, life experience, description of the emotional state, interests, demonstration of attitudes. A positive impression of oneself in female dialect discourse is verbalized through the creation of a worthy image that corresponds to social and moral norms. Women demonstrate the following character traits and life principles: diligence, honesty, decency, calm temper, cleanliness, hospitality, negative attitude to alcohol, etc. Life values and principles are expressed through a positive description of close relatives, contrast with other people, negative evaluation or condemnation of actions and moral qualities of other people. The transmission of negative information about oneself is associated with evaluations of one’s intelligence, memory, speech abilities, appearance, age-related changes, as well as the informants’ belonging to rural culture, low educational level, lack of qualifications and profession. The communicative self-presentation strategy tactics in female dialect discourse are verbalized using multilevel linguistic means: evaluative vocabulary, metaphors, comparisons, numerals, adverbs, and various types of statements.
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Boström, Lena, and Rolf Dalin. "Young People’s Opinions on Rural Sweden." International Education Studies 11, no. 6 (May 29, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v11n6p45.
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This study focus on adolescents motivations about remaining in rural areas in the Mid Sweden Region, a part of Sweden with decreasing school performance scores and high out-migration. The study is based on 1,500 young people’s responses to a Web-based survey within the framework of a regional school development project. The research questions focused on: whether youths were going to stay there or move the future in urban or rural areas, influences, and the future choices and differences among genders, regions, and age groups. The empirical data are processed with statistical analysis. The study confirms previous research on young people’s relocations from rural areas; jobs and education are important motives, and the most prone to move are women. What is new knowledge is that lessons about the region’s importance have a positive, significant effect on individuals’ plans to remain in their home municipality. This can and should be highlighted in local, regional, and national politics, but more importantly in school discourses. Since school plays a role in students’ thinking and future choices, a larger formation effort could be of great value for norms and regional political standpoints. The study has relevance to the international terms of similar geographical areas.
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SIMELANE, HAMILTON SIPHO. "THE STATE, CHIEFS AND THE CONTROL OF FEMALE MIGRATION IN COLONIAL SWAZILAND, c. 1930s–1950s." Journal of African History 45, no. 1 (March 2004): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853703008612.
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Human migration has played an important role in the construction or dissolution of states in southern Africa. With the coming of the colonial period there was an intensification of the process of migration, mainly for work. Such movements were premised on the uneven development of colonial economies in which some areas became suppliers of labour while others became labour markets. In the case of Swaziland, the migration of labour was dominated by male migrants as the existing labour markets offered more opportunities for men. This view has become a conventional interpretation of the disparity in the mobility of men and women within states or across borders. This article uses the experience of Swaziland to extend the discourse on why men dominated the migration currents in Swaziland during the colonial period. It points out that it is no longer useful to rely on purely economic explanations of why more men were migrating than women in colonial Swaziland. The argument pushes the frontier of analysis beyond economics and argues that a more significant explanation is to be found in the power relations at the homestead level, whereby men had the power to determine if and when women could migrate. The discussion shows that Swazi men, in collaboration with colonial administrators, employed different strategies to control the mobility of women. The intention of the men was to keep women in the rural areas and they used their power in the homestead and their influence on the colonial administration to create barriers against female migration to local and cross-border industrial centres.
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Halwati, Umi. "PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI MEDIA MASSA (DISCOURSE ANALYSIS PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DALAM RUBRIK “SOSOK” HARIAN KOMPAS TAHUN 2016)." KOMUNIKA: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 10, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/komunika.v10i2.943.
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This research is motivated by the fact that every society has the power that can be empowered. In reality, women’s empowerment can not be separated from the mass media. Media plays an important role in community development activities in addition to those factors that physically exists, the costs that are physically visible, and a program that systematically reads as a motor of an empowerment. Can not be denied that the media be a factor that plays a role in social change. The metodology used is a discourse analysis of Teun Van Dijk that include text analysis, social cognition and social analysis. The results of this study are in terms of thematic, news in Kompas on community empowerment more women are taking the theme of the spirit of environmental conservation, the management of waste into valuable goods and high economic value, the spirit of education for the rural women, education for the children of scavengers and businesses by empowering residents. In the schematic aspect, Kompas has a systematic scheme from the start the title, lead and mutually continuous body. In terms of semantics (meaning that will be emphasized), Kompas in its message emphasizing the importance of community empowerment. The characters are raised in rubric “sosok” is the inspiring figures are considered “essential” and interesting. From the aspect of syntax, Kompas taking shape, sentence structure with many uses elements of coherence, namely by using conjunctions to show that the attitude of painstaking, diligent, not easily discouraged and high social sensitivity is the foundation of community empowerment. From the stylistic aspects (choice of words) Kompas uses words that are universal, humanistic and not dry. In the aspect of rhetorical style repression by Kompas uses graphic elements to highlight or emphasize deemed important by using a full color photo or image be equiped complete biodata. From the aspect of the analysis of Social Cognition, can be dissected that reality carries the ideology of Journalists Kompas humanistic ideology. idealism Kompas journalist for the achievement of the mission that the mandate of the People’s Conscience. Kompas vision that promotes the vision of making transcendental humanism humanistic Kompas use language in presenting the facts to the reader. In speaking, Kompas does not use language that dry, formal, abstract and rational, but that involves feelings of intuition, and human emotions. From the aspect of social analysis, that ownership is held by a group or its members, in this case that directly or indirectly affect the discourse of empowerment is a character or figure, journalist, and editor of Kompas. In terms of “akses” (access) each group has access enabler respectively in disseminating the empowerment of communities through printed and electronic mass media. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh fakta bahwa setiap masyarakat memiliki daya (potensi) yang dapat diberdayakan. Realitanya, pemberdayaan masyarakat perempuan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari media massa. Mediasangat berperan dalam aktivitas pemberdayaan masyarakat di samping faktor orang-orang yang secara fisik ada, biaya yang secara fisik tampak, dan program yang secara sistematis terbaca sebagai motor dari sebuah pemberdayaan. Tidak dapat ditolak bahwa media menjadi faktor yang berperan dalam perubahan sosial masyarakat.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis wacana Teun Van Dijk yang mencakup analisis teks, kognisi sosial dan analisis sosial. Hasil penelitian ini adalah dari segi tematik, pemberitaan di Kompas tentang pemberdayaan masyarakat perempuan lebih banyak mengambil tema semangat pelestarian lingkungan, pengelolaan sampah menjadi barang berharga dan bernilai ekonomi tinggi, semangat pendidikan untuk masyarakat perempuan desa, pendidkan untuk anak-anak pemulung dan bisnis dengan memberdayakan warga. Dalam aspek skematik, Kompas mempunyai skema yang sistematis dari mulai judul, lead dan body saling berkesinambungan. Dari sisi semantik (makna yang ingin ditekankan), Kompas dalam pemberitaannya menekankan pentingnya pemberdayaan masyarakat. Tokoh-tokoh yang diangkat dalam rubrik “sosok” adalah tokoh inspiratif dianggap “penting” dan menarik. Dari aspek sintaksis, Kompas memakai bentuk, susunan kalimat dengan banyak menggunakan elemen koherensi, yaitu dengan menggunakan kata penghubung untuk menunjukkan bahwa sikap telaten, tekun, tidak mudah putus asa dan sensitivitas sosial yang tinggi adalah landasan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Dari aspek stilistik (pemilihan kata) Kompas menggunakan kata-kata yang universal, humanistis dan tidak kering. Dalam aspek retoris, gaya penekanan yang dilakukan Kompas menggunakan elemen grafis untuk menonjolkan atau menekankan yang dianggap penting dengan menggunakan foto atau gambar full color dilengkapi biodata lengkap. Dari aspek analisis Kognisi Sosial, dapat dibedah bahwa realitas ideologi Jurnalis Kompas mengusung ideologi humanistik. Idealisme jurnalis demi tercapainya misi Kompas yaitu “Amanat Hati Nurani Rakyat”. Visi Kompas yang mengutamakan visi humanisme transendental menjadikan Kompas menggunakan bahasa humanistis dalam menyajikan fakta kepada pembaca. Dalam berbahasa, Kompas tidak memakai bahasa yang kering, formal, abstrak dan rasional, tetapi yang menyangkut perasaan intuisi, dan emosi manusia. Dari aspek Analisis sosial, bahwa kepemilikan yang dimiliki oleh suatu kelompok atau anggotanya, dalam hal ini yang secara langsung maupun tidak langsung mempengaruhi wacana pemberdayaan masyarakat adalah tokoh atau sosok, wartawan, dan redaksi Kompas. Dari sisi akses (access) setiap kelompok pemberdaya mempunyai akses masing-masing dalam menyebarluaskan pemberdayaan masyarakat, baik melalui media massa cetak maupun elektronik.
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Amaral, Anelize Queiroz, Paola Alves, and Isabella Cristina Galvan Dias. "Os discursos de mulheres atingidas por barragem bordados em Arpilleras : resistência ou silenciamento?The discourses of women affected by barrages embroidered in Arpilleras: resistance or silencing?Los discursos de mujeres golpeadas por represas bordados en Arpilleras: resistencia o silenciamiento?" REMEA - Revista Eletrônica do Mestrado em Educação Ambiental, no. 1 (November 26, 2018): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/remea.v0i1.8573.
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Este artigo é um encaminhamento após a finalização de uma pesquisa mais ampla de doutorado, tem como objetivo analisar aspectos da dimensão política da Educação Ambiental presentes nos discursos de mulheres de um município atingido pela barragem da Usina Hidrelétrica de Itaipu Binacional. Além de explorar significados e mobilizar possíveis sentidos passíveis de serem construídos referentes à temática ambiental, tais discursos foram bordados em Arpilleras por mulheres trabalhadoras rurais que fazem parte do Coletivo Educador de Educação Ambiental de um município no oeste do estado do Paraná, e que também participam do Movimento a Marcha das Margaridas na busca de conquistas para as mulheres. Mas, afinal, que discurso vem sendo veiculado numa região que foi amplamente impactada pela construção de uma grande barragem? Para responder essa questão, a presente pesquisa está alicerçada na abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa, estudo de caso, e sua perspectiva teórico-metodológica está embasada na análise do discurso proposta por Bakhtin e o Círculo.
This article is a routing after the finalization of a doctoral research, whose objective is to analyze aspects of the political dimension of Environmental Education present in the discourses of women from a municipality affected by the dam of the Itaipu Binacional Hydroelectric Power Plant. Beyond to exploring meanings and mobilizing possible constructible meanings related to the environmental theme, these discourses were embroidered in Arpilleras by rural female workers who are part of the Environmental Education Educator Collective of the municipality - PR, and also participate in the “ Movimento a Marcha das Margaridas” in search of achievements for women.But, after all, what discourse has been relayed in a region that has been greatly impacted by the construction of a large dam? To answer this question, the present research is based on the qualitative research approach, case study, and its theoretical-methodological perspective is based on the discourse analysis proposed by Bakhtin and the Círculo.
Este artículo es un encaminamiento después de la finalización de una investigación más amplia de doctorado, tiene como objetivo analizar aspectos de la dimensión política de la Educación Ambiental presentes en los discursos de mujeres de un municipio afectado por la represa de la Usina Hidroeléctrica de Itaipú Binacional. Además de explorar significados y movilizar posibles sentidos pasibles de ser construidos referentes a la temática ambiental, tales discursos fueron bordados en Arpilleras por mujeres trabajadoras rurales que forman parte del Colectivo Educador de Educación Ambiental del municipio - PR, y que también participan del Movimiento a Marcha de las Margaritas en busca de conquistas para las mujeres. Pero, al final, ¿qué discurso viene siendo vehiculado en una región que fue ampliamente impactada por la construcción de una gran represa? Para responder a esta cuestión, la presente investigación está fundamentada en el enfoque de investigación cualitativa, estudio de caso, y su perspectiva teórico-metodológica está basada en el análisis del discurso propuesto por Bakhtin y el Círculo.
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Botello-Hermosa, Alicia, and Rosa Casado-Mejia. "Fears and concerns related to menstruation: a qualitative study from the perspective of gender." Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem 24, no. 1 (March 2015): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072015000260014.
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The aim of this article is to analyze the fears about menstruation and health that have been passed down to us by oral transmission from a gender perspective. A qualitative study, whose design was the Grounded Theory, performed in Seville, Spain, with 24 rural and urban women from different generations, young (18-25, 26-35 years), middle aged (36-45, 46-55, 56-65 years) and elderly (> 65 years). The semi-structured interview was used as a data collection technique. The discourses were subjected to content analysis, following the steps of Grounded Theory. The results highlight the abundant fears related to use of water during menstruation, with very harmful effects to health. As a conclusion to highlight the lack of women's knowledge about reproductive health and that despite Health Education campaigns there are still ancient misconceptions present about menstruation.
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Jamshed, Ali, Irfan Ahmad Rana, Joanna M. McMillan, and Joern Birkmann. "Building community resilience in post-disaster resettlement in Pakistan." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 10, no. 4 (August 29, 2019): 301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-06-2019-0039.
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Purpose The extreme flood event of 2010 in Pakistan led to extensive internal displacement of rural communities, resulting in initiatives to resettle the displaced population in model villages (MVs). The MV concept is quite new in the context of post-disaster resettlement and its role in building community resilience and well-being has not been explored. This study aims to assess the role of MVs in building the resilience of relocated communities, particularly looking at the differences between those developed by governmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Design/methodology/approach Four MVs, two developed by government and two by NGOs, were selected as case studies in the severely flood-affected province of Punjab, Pakistan. A sample of 145 households from the four MVs was collected using a structured questionnaire to measure improvements in social, economic, physical and environmental domains and to form a final resilience index. Supplementary tools including expert interviews and personal observations were also used. Findings The analysis suggests that NGOs are more successful in improving the overall situation of relocated households than government. Core factors that increase the resilience of communities resettled by NGOs are provision of livelihood opportunities, livelihood skill development based on local market demand, training on maintenance and operation of different facilities of the MV and provision of extensive education opportunities, especially for women. Practical implications The results of this study can guide policymakers and development planners to overcome existing deficiencies by including the private sector and considerations of socioeconomic development whenever resettling communities. Originality/value In resilience discourse, resettlement of communities has been extensively debated based on qualitative arguments. This paper demonstrates an approach to quantify community resilience in a post-disaster resettlement context.
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Wahidin, Azrini, and Jason Powell. "“The Irish Conflict” and the experiences of female ex-combatants in the Irish Republican Army." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 37, no. 9/10 (September 12, 2017): 555–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-05-2016-0052.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to critically explore the importance of the experiences of female former combatants during the Irish Conflict, colloquially known as “The Troubles” and outline key moments of resistance for female political prisoners during their time at Armagh jail. The paper will situate the analysis within a Foucauldian framework drawing on theoretical tools for understanding power, resistance and subjectivity to contextualise and capture rich narratives and experiences. What makes a Foucauldian analysis of former female combatants of the Conflict so inspiring is how the animation and location of problems of knowledge as “pieces” of the larger contest between The State, institutions of power and its penal subjects (ex-female combatants as prisoners). The paper has demonstrated that the body exists through and in culture, the product of signs and meanings, of discourse and practices. Design/methodology/approach This is primarily qualitative methodology underpinned by Foucauldian theory. There were 28 women and 20 men interviewed in the course of this research came from across Ireland, some came from cities and others came from rural areas. Some had spent time in prisons in the UK and others served time in the Republic of Ireland or in the North of Ireland. Many prisoners experienced being on the run and all experienced levels of brutality at the hands of the State. Ethical approval was granted from the Queens University Research Committee. Findings This paper only examines the experiences of female ex-combatants and their narratives of imprisonment. What this paper clearly shows through the narratives of the women is the gendered nature of imprisonment and the role of power, resilience and resistance whilst in prison in Northern Ireland. The voices in this paper disturb and interrupt the silence surrounding the experiences of women political prisoners, who are a hidden population, whilst in prison. Research limitations/implications In terms of research impact, this qualitative research is on the first of its kind to explore both the experiential and discursive narratives of female ex-combatants of the Irish Conflict. The impact and reach of the research illustrates how confinement revealed rich theoretical insights, drawing from Foucauldian theory, to examine the dialectical interplay between power and the subjective mobilisation of resistance practices of ex-combatants in prison in Northern Ireland. The wider point of prison policy and practice not meeting basic human rights or enhancing the quality of life of such prisoners reveals some of the dystopian features of current prison policy and lack of gender sensitivity to female combatants. Practical implications It is by prioritising the voices of the women combatants in this paper that it not only enables their re-positioning at the centre of the struggle, but also moves away methodologically from the more typical sole emphasis on structural conditions and political processes. Instead, prioritising the voices of the women combatants places the production of subjectivities and agencies at the centre, and explores their dialectical relationship to objective conditions and practical constraints. Social implications It is clear from the voices of the female combatants and in their social engagement in the research that the prison experience was marked specifically by assaults on their femininity, to which they were the more vulnerable due to the emphasis on sexual modesty within their socialisation and within the ethno-nationalist iconography of femininity. The aggression directed against them seems, in part, to have been a form of gender-based sexual violence in direct retaliation for the threat posed to gender norms by their assumption of the (ostensibly more powerful) role as combatants. They countered this by methods which foregrounded their collective identity as soldiers and their identification with their male comrades in “the same struggle”. Originality/value This paper is one of the first to explore the importance of the experiences of female former combatants during the Northern Irish Conflict with specific reference to their experience of imprisonment. The aim of this significant paper is to situate the critical analysis grounded in Foucauldian theory drawing on theoretical tools of power, resistance and subjectivity in order to make sense of women’s experiences of conflict and imprisonment in Ireland. It is suggested that power and resistance need to be re-appropriated in order to examine such unique gendered experiences that have been hidden in mainstream criminological accounts of the Irish Conflict.
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Forbang-Looh, Gilda N. "The Fallacy of the “Metropolis” in Postcolonial Feminist Discourses: Reading Osonye Tess Onwueme’s Tell it to Women: An Epic Drama for Women." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 8, no. 4 (July 31, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.8n.4p.51.
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This paper focuses on intra-gender representations and difference, using Osonye Tess Onwueme’s Tell it to Women: An Epic Drama for Women, the major concern being the controversies in universalising Western Oriented Feminist discourses in non-Western contexts. Among these are questions of patriarchy, oppression, mothering and universal sisterhood which tend to dominate metropolitan discourses, yet do not represent non-western Feminist ideologies and the other. Postcolonial Feminism is used to discuss these fallacies and the need for assertiveness of the other-Idu women in the stronghold of Eurocentric Feminism as espoused by Ruth and Daisy. Analyses show that it is fallacious not to consider, study and understand other contexts/people or supposed others before theorising about them and their needs. There is need to assert and preserve one’s identity in the face of Western impositions. Thus, the need for reorientation of the perception and consideration of modern intellectual women towards rural women is necessary. This is imperative because uncritically propagating western discourses in non-western spaces has remained unproductive and will for a long time be so.
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Santos Tanús, Araceli, Elda Miriam Aldasoro Maya, Coral Rojas Serrano, and Helda Morales. "Food Species of Collection and Culinary Culture: Biocultural Heritage of the popoloca community Todos Santos Almolonga, Puebla, Mexico." Nova Scientia 11, no. 23 (November 29, 2019): 296–342. http://dx.doi.org/10.21640/ns.v11i23.1772.
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The Food Collection Species (EAR) are the set of foods (herbs, fruits, seeds, flowers and animals) that grow naturally and are part of the diet of different cultural groups. These foods allow the conservation of biodiversity, offer the possibility of diversifying the consumption of food and have healthier diets. Mexico is one of the countries with the greatest biological and cultural diversity: biocultural, which has originated the creation and conservation of biocultural kitchens. Of these, rural people, indigenous communities and women cooks, who reproduce their food practices and appropriate their natural riches through them, are primarily guardians. The biocultural kitchens are the essence of the preservation of the food culture. The analysis of this is relevant because through it the common dietary patterns are determined. The present investigation analyzes the alimentary culture between the settlers of Todos Santos Almolonga from the Biocultural Heritage focus, which contributes to the permanence of the consumption of 23 EAR; as well as the assessment and perception. The study was qualitative with mixed methods, for this a survey was carried out to 59 domestic units, two routes to the collection areas, 9 semi-structured interviews were applied, informal talks and activities were carried out to prepare local stews with the EAR The surveys, interviews, field notes and field diary were coded. It was found that there is a food culture based on the consumption of EAR, which is found in families that are engaged in field activities (52.5%), are those who mainly conserve local knowledge, produce-collect and present the highest consumption of collection food. There are two forms of access to these foods: by direct harvesting given their proximity and access and by commercial exchange for their remoteness or laborious harvesting. The forms of consumption of the EAR are primarily raw, roasted and boiled. The two factors that contribute most to the EAR are present in the diet of the inhabitants are: the sociocultural factor, reinforces the part of the collective identity and social fabric, and the health factor, where the population identified its importance from the nutritional, wellness and in the prevention of diseases. In the community, the sociocultural factor in the consumption of EARs on the economic criterion that is the dominant discourse in recent times and that downplays the entire cultural construction and view of indigenous peoples and communities was highlighted.
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Miles, Lesley. "Women, AIDS, Power and Heterosexual Negotiation: A Discourse Analysis." Agenda, no. 15 (1992): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4065579.
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Traphagan, John W. "Power, Family, and Filial Responsibility Related to Elder Care in Rural Japan." Care Management Journals 7, no. 4 (December 2006): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/cmj-v7i4a006.
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This article explores the discourse on filial responsibility as it intersects with familial roles and power relationships as represented by women living in rural Japan. Using case studies, I consider some of the intergenerational and intragenerational issues that arise as Japanese women contemplate or attempt to cope with care of elder parents and consider the manner in which the concept of filial piety, or filial responsibility, is expressed and conceptualized in relation to these issues. I argue that many continue to think about elder care in ways that emphasize the responsibility of children to care for their parents, but that the discourse on filial piety is continually constructed and reconstructed as people provide and contest roles associated with elder care, both from the perspective of the child and from that of the parents. To explore these issues, I consider the cases of two women who were facing issues related to provision of care to elder parents and who structured these in terms of notions about filial responsibility. The cases were obtained during extended fieldwork in an agricultural community in northern Japan.
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Brown, Anita C., Gene H. Brody, and Zolinda Stoneman. "Rural Black Women and Depression: A Contextual Analysis." Journal of Marriage and Family 62, no. 1 (February 2000): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00187.x.
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Al-Hejin, Bandar. "Linking critical discourse analysis with translation studies." Journal of Language and Politics 11, no. 3 (November 26, 2012): 311–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.11.3.01alh.
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This paper argues for closer interdisciplinarity between critical discourse analysis (CDA) and translation studies (TS). There has been very little CDA investigating discursive representations by news organisations across linguistic, political and cultural boundaries. Similarly researchers in TS have pointed out that the sensitive role news translation plays in discursive phenomena such as globalisation and political discourse remains largely underestimated. To address this gap, three methodological models are proposed for linking the dialectical-relational approach to CDA (Fairclough 1992, 1995, 2003) with text-based approaches in TS. A mini-case study will illustrate such links by analysing talks by Saudi women translated by BBC News into Standard Arabic and English. Findings reveal substantial transformations which cannot be dismissed as inevitable constraints of the news genre or translation, but are more likely to reflect prevailing narratives of Muslim women being ‘submissive’ and ‘oppressed’.
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Zulkifli, Che Nooryohana. "The Construction of Career Women in Cleo: Critical Discourse Analysis." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 208 (November 2015): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.179.
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Lupton, Deborah. "'Where's me dinner?': food preparation arrangements in rural Australian families." Journal of Sociology 36, no. 2 (August 2000): 172–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/144078330003600203.
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In the wake of the second-wave feminist movement and related social changes, including the participation of more women in the paid workforce, an egalitarian discourse has dominated notions of the ideal division of domestic labour in heterosexual households, including those tasks involving food preparation. Some critics have argued, however, that this discourse is not taken up in practice, with women still taking more responsibility than their partners for cooking for the family. This article presents findings from a qualitative study involving interviews with 34 heterosexual couples living in a rural region of Australia about their food preparation arrangements. The findings demonstrate that for most of the couples the female partner did indeed take major responsibility for cooking for the family. Three dominant rationales were expressed by the participants to explain why the division of labour remains unequal in relation to cooking: those of expertise, enjoyment and fairness. Importantly, however, there was evidence of a weakening in gendered assumptions about who should cook and of significant participation by men in food preparation. This was particularly the case among younger, more highly educated participants or those in professional occupations or in couples where the male partner was unemployed.
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Lee, Jessica, and Doune Macdonald. "‘Are they just checking our obesity or what?’ The healthism discourse and rural young women." Sport, Education and Society 15, no. 2 (May 2010): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13573321003683851.
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Lenka, Sanjaya Kumar, and Rajesh Barik. "A discourse analysis of financial inclusion: post-liberalization mapping in rural and urban India." Journal of Financial Economic Policy 10, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 406–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-11-2015-0065.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to measure the availability, accessibility and usability of financial products and services in both rural and urban India from 1991 to 2014. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses principal component analysis (PCA) method to construct financial inclusion index that serves as a proxy variable for indicating the inclusiveness of financial products and services among the rural and urban people. To fulfill this objective, the study proposes separate indexes of financial inclusion for both rural and urban India from 1991 to 2014. The paper uses annual time series data from 1991 to 2014 to construct the rural-urban financial inclusion index. The used data have been collected from the basic statistical returns of Reserve Bank of India and Economic Political Weekly research foundation. Findings The study inferences that though there is a remarkable increase in financial inclusion in India from 1991 onwards, it does not result in sizeable growth of financial access to rural masses in comparison to urban masses. The rural India does not substantiate an equivalent growth to that of urban India, contrasting a perceptible increase in financial inclusion. The finding of this study will help the researchers and policymakers to understand the status of financial inclusion in the context of both rural and urban India. Furthermore, policymakers can take appropriate policy initiatives to fulfill the financial inclusion gap that exists between rural and urban people. Additionally, the proposed index is easy to compute and can be used to make comparison across countries for further studies. Originality/value The present paper attempts to include all possible dimensions (and indicators within a dimension) that have been considered so far by various authors. Therefore, the authors hope that this index will be more indicative and accurate than previous index. Again, the authors propose to use PCA for the first time to assign the weight of factors in the financial inclusion index for rural and urban India separately.
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McCardy, Adria, and Jonathan Matusitz. "Power in Hidden Figures: A critical discourse analysis." International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/macp_00035_1.
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This article examines the concept of power in the 2016 movie Hidden Figures. This true story portrays the lives of three mathematicians who prevailed over oppressive racial and gender relations (i.e. as African American women) while working at National Aeronautics and Space Administration in the early 1960s. The method driving this analysis is critical discourse analysis (CDA). The ultimate objective of this analysis is to expose the racial and sexist discrimination experienced by the main protagonists in the movie and, more generally, the inequalities that Black women faced in the post-Second World War era. Several key constructs are emphasized: racial discrimination, sexism and discursive power tools such as word connotations, social semiotics and suppression/lexical absence.
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Nahdi, Khirjan, Usuludin Usuludin, Herman Wijaya, and Muh Taufiq. "Critical discourse analysis on gender relations: women's images in Sasak song." Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan 7, no. 3 (December 30, 2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.29210/139200.
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Sasak song as one form of artistic discourse is used as an instrument of male domination of women in gender relations through various forms of imaging that do not benefit women. The image is understood through the process and mechanism of work of critical discourse analysis. This study aims to reveal the image of women in the Sasak song by discovering the tendency of social construction in gender relations between men and women based on the principles of Critical Discourse Analysis. Through the position of the Sasak song text, the importance of the text, and the consequences of the text in the social reality of gender relations between men and women, found six images of women in the Sasak song text, namely women as male subordination; women as inferior, resigned women, cheap women, dependent women, and women without choice. As a text, discursive reasoning, and social reality, the results of the study show the tendency to dominate women who give birth to forms of discrimination. The six images of women in Sasak song texts are contained in works of art for the purpose of disguising the tendencies behind artistic elements, so that they are accepted as truth and reasonableness in history inherited between generations.
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Panos, Alexandra, and Jennifer Seelig. "Discourses of the Rural Rust Belt:." Theory & Practice in Rural Education 9, no. 1 (May 30, 2019): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3776/tpre.2019.v9n1p23-43.
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This article addresses the ways in which elementary teachers in the rural rust belt both reproduce and contest dominant discourses of schooling, rurality, and poverty in their particular local context. Situated within a 4-year postcritical ethnographic study, this analysis of teacher discourse took part during an embedded, 4-month-long teacher study group. Within this context, the authors examine how the group’s discourse on poverty claimed that inequity was the fault of those experiencing it, as well as that a neoliberal discourse of education emphasized a flattened accountability and growth-only perspective within teacher’s professional interactions. However, through the addition of a spatial lens, they also situate these discourses within a particular rural and rust-belt context. This article teases apart the discursive threads within two teacher study groups, revealing the construction by teachers of their own rural, high-poverty communities as deficient, as well as exploring the complexities of the intersections of these discourses for teachers working in such settings. Their analysis contributes to a more robust understanding of the particular intersecting discourses currently circulating and producing a White-majority, high-poverty rural rust belt where children go to school and are taught by educators with their own complex orientations to schooling, rurality, and poverty.
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Singh, Satvir, and Anton De Man. "PARENTAL ATTITUDES AMONG RURAL INDIAN WOMEN: A STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 18, no. 2 (January 1, 1990): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1990.18.2.239.
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Using the Hindi version of the Parental Attitude Research Instrument, this study investigated the factorial structure of parental attitudes of 100 rural Indian mothers. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation identified three factors: that is, democratic attitudes; authoritarian, suppressive, and restricting patterns; rejection of the maternal role and hostility toward husband and children. Results are compared with findings for American, French-Canadian, and urban Indian samples.
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Islam, M. Saiful, and Tarikul Islam. "Micro-Finance for Women Empowerment: A Rural-Urban Analysis." Information Management and Business Review 10, no. 3 (October 13, 2018): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v10i3.2462.
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This paper examined the micro-finance services towards empowerment of unprivileged women in the southwestern part of Bangladesh. A sample of 300 low profile unprivileged micro-finance service receiving women equally from rural and urban areas of Khulna district were surveyed during May, 2018. Data were collected on the usage and effectiveness of micro-finance services and were analyzed using STATA 12. Multiple regression model and descriptive statistics were used to interpret data. Economic empowerment, social empowerment, interpersonal empowerment and political empowerment were considered to measure women empowerment. The study found that proper use of microcredit, marital status of women, educational status of women and their husbands, personal income and their position in the family were the main determinants of women empowerment. Women empowerment score remained higher in urban areas than in rural areas. The availability of micro-finance services improved the status of unprivileged low profile suburban women in terms of income generation, saving mobilization, the creation of household assets and overall poverty reduction of rural women. Thus, microfinance has been a useful tool for women empowerment and economic development in both areas but more effective in urban areas.
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Wetzel, Janice Wood. "The mental health of rural women: an international analysis." International Social Work 30, no. 1 (January 1987): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087288703000106.
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Zervou, Regina. "Women and Carnival Space." Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 25, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ajec.2016.250204.
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This article focuses on gender relations through the performance of carnival rites in a North Aegean island rural community. Based on qualitative research, it approaches the women’s use of public space during carnival and the changes under the influence of women’s emancipation since the 1970s. The percentage of women, especially young girls, participating in carnival rites has risen dramatically over the last decade. However, not all carnival public spaces are equally open to women. The article examines the way women try to impose their presence on the strictly male universe of the carnival space and especially the marketplace, the traditional and timeless core of the carnival rites, where only men can pronounce the obscene carnival language, fruit of the kafeneion male discourse and the reactions of the male community to the novelties brought by feminism into the village.
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Ali, Rabia, and Saira Batool. "Stereotypical Identities Discourse Analysis of Media Images of Women in Pakistan." Multidisciplinary Journal of Gender Studies 4, no. 2 (June 25, 2015): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/generos.2015.1502.
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<p>Stereotypical portrayal of women through images and text in the media has been discussed and debated widely across the globe. The area remains relatively under published in the context of the third world especially Pakistan. To fill this gap this paper is an attempt to examine the role of the media in creating gender identities. Data for this study comes from selected English language newspaper namely “THE NEWS”. Discourse analysis of text and images - the most common way of producing and transmitting social meaning attached to social realities was employed to interpret of the data. The data reveals that the images and text produced through the media are biased, patriarchal and they reinforce male hegemony and control over women’s bodies and their minds. By doing this the media is strengthening the existing power structure of the Pakistani society. The images of women produced are those of victims of violence both domestic and public, sex objects, passive, dependent, weak and engaged in domestic roles. Consequently, standard images of feminity are idealized and normalized in the real world. Such practices act as barrier for women to escape traditional gender roles and expectations. The study argues that such images reinforce stereotypical roles and hence promote gender inequality instead of emancipation.</p>
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Das, Kamal Kanti, and Brajesh Kumar. "Deriving Relative Worth of Parameters of Women Economic Empowerment:A Discourse Analysis." Jaipuria International Journal of Management Research 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22552/jijmr/2017/v3/i2/162947.
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Debbagh, Mohammed. "Discourse analysis of the representations of women in Moroccan broadcast news." Journal of North African Studies 17, no. 4 (September 2012): 653–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2012.685248.
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Mary Muindi. "Sexism in Language: A Critical Discourse Analysis Perspective." Editon Consortium Journal of Literature and Linguistic Studies 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjlls.v3i1.210.
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Language plays a crucial role in perpetuating sexism and gender inequality. The research draws on the Critical Discourse Analysis, an Interdisciplinary Approach to the study of discourse that views language as a social practice, to explore the existence and nature of sexist language in Kamba Popular Songs. Specifically, this study anchored itself on Grice’s Second Theory of Conversational Implicature (1991). The research had two objectives: to investigate sexist implicatures in Kamba Popular Songs and describe sexist inferences in the lyrics. The study used the descriptive research design and purposively sampled eight songs from the ten most popular Kamba bands with the youths. Besides, the research used content analysis to identify the possible sexist expressions classified into implicatures and inferences. Further, the researcher categorized the two linguistic items into negative and positive sexism, and the number of each type was counted up and described. The study concludes that popular Kamba songs project a sexist perception of women. This research recommends eliminating sexist language in both written and spoken discourse because it contains a lexicon and grammatical structure that trivializes and perpetrates biases against women.
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Beynon-Jones, Siân M. "Untroubling abortion: A discourse analysis of women’s accounts." Feminism & Psychology 27, no. 2 (March 30, 2017): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353517696515.
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In this paper, I highlight key differences between a discourse analytic approach to women’s accounts of abortion and that taken by the growing body of research that seeks to explore and measure women’s experiences of abortion stigma. Drawing on critical analyses of the conceptualisation of stigma in other fields of healthcare, I suggest that research on abortion stigma often risks reifying it by failing to consider how identities are continually re-negotiated through language-use. In contrast, by attending to language as a form of social action, discursive psychology makes it possible to emphasise speakers’ capacity to construct “untroubled” (i.e. non-stigmatised) identities, while acknowledging that this process is constrained by the contexts in which talk takes place. My analysis applies these insights to interviews with women concerning their experiences of having an abortion in England. I highlight three forms of discursive work through which women navigate “trouble” in their accounts of abortion, and critically consider the resources available for meaning-making within this particular context of talk. In doing so, I aim to provoke reflection about the discursive frameworks through which women’s accounts of abortion are solicited and explored.
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Addie, Elizabeth, and Charlotte Brownlow. "Deficit and asset identity constructions of single women without children living in Australia: An analysis of discourse." Feminism & Psychology 24, no. 4 (June 19, 2014): 423–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353514539463.
Full textAbstract:
Construction of adult life course and identity has typically been built around norms of partnering and parenting, placing single women who do not have children outside the norm. Studies undertaken with single women have found that relationship status was a key factor in their identity construction. In this study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with five single women without children living in Australia. Drawing on critical discursive psychology, we found that participants negotiated two contesting discourses to construct their identities: the Heterosexual Relationship and Family Life discourse and the Independent Single Woman discourse. In crafting identities, tensions were identified between the positioning of self and the positioning of self by others, particularly with respect to the Heterosexual Relationship and Family Life discourse. This was evident in some women contesting the positions afforded by the discourse, instead drawing on an asset identity. This asset identity enabled the women to pursue positive life opportunities.
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A. G. Al-Zubaidi, Asst Prof Dr Nassier. "Woman Stereotypes and Patriarchal Hegemony: A Feminist Stylistics Analysis of Iraqi Folk Proverbs." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 58, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v58i1.836.
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The present research examines the stereotypical representations of women and women's position in the discourse practices of Iraqi folk proverbs from a feminist stylistics perspective. Sara Mills' (2008) theoretical framework is adopted to analyze a sample of 315 proverbs drawn from written and oral sources. The analysis reveals that the sub-categories of woman in general and wife in particular are the most frequently targeted in Iraqi proverbs. Personal attributes are the most salient properties associated with Iraqi women compared to physical attributes. Women are generally represented negatively in the Iraqi proverbial discourse where proverbs are generally manipulated to disparage and denigrate women. The traditional ideals of hegemonic masculinity, patriarchal ideology and gender inequality are encoded in the discourse of these proverbs. That is, the institutionalization of male domination and the secondary position of women are grounded in the structure of Iraqi society. Finally, a number of conclusions are presented
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Chadya*, Joyce M. "Voting with their Feet: Women’s Flight to Harare during Zimbabwe’s Liberation War1." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 18, no. 2 (June 11, 2008): 24–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018222ar.
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Abstract This paper explores the experiences of Zimbabwean rural women forced to relocate to the city of Harare during the liberation war in the 1970s. Women found themselves squeezed between a repressive colonial government and coercive guerrilla armies. The accompanying war-induced violence from both sides of the combattants led to massive displacements as women and their families fled from the war-torn areas to urban centres like Harare. Within women’s stories of flight are reflections of gender relations in a war fought largely in the rural areas where women were the majority of the dwellers, and a war in which most of the combattants were male. Gender relations thus informed, and were influenced by the war. Women’s narratives also reveal the socio-economic and emotional costs of the war hardly acknowledged in the nationalist discourse about the liberation war. At the centre of these accounts is a revelation of resistance, courage, fear, and above all agency by rural women under very difficult circumstances.
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Georgalidou, Marianthi. "Addressing women in the Greek parliament." Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict 5, no. 1 (October 2, 2017): 30–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlac.5.1.02geo.
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Abstract In accordance with numerous studies highlighting aspects of political and parliamentary discourse that concern the rhetoric of political combat, verbal attacks and offensive language choices are shown to be rather common in the context of a highly adversarial parliamentary system such as the Greek. In the present study, however, the analysis of excerpts of parliamentary discourse addressed to women reveals not just aspects of the organization of rival political encounters but, as far as female MPs are concerned, aggressive and derogatory forms of speech that directly attack the gender of the addressees. Drawing on data from video-recordings, the official proceedings of parliamentary sittings, and the media (2012–2015), the present study investigates aggressive/sexist discourse within this context. The theoretical issues addressed concern the impoliteness end of the politeness/politic speech/impoliteness continuum in the light of extreme cases of conflict in political/parliamentary discourse.
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Vika Sari, Arini, and Wiyatmi Wiyatmi. "Sexual Politics in Fiksimini: Analysis of Feminist Critical Discourse." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, no. 2 (February 27, 2021): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.2.14.
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This study aims to describe the sexual politics in fiksimini by using feminist critical discourse analysis. This research is a qualitative descriptive study that uses @fiksimini account during January-February 2020 on Twitter as the data source. The research data used is sexual politics discourse contained in literary worksfiksimini which has a total of 267 data with 44 topicsfiksimini. Data collection techniques are conducted by reading and recorded in the data cards. The data collection instrument was the researcher himself (human instrument) using Kate Millett's sexual politics parameters. Data analysis technique in this study used semantic and pragmatic equivalents in analyzing work fiksimini containing sexual politics in fiksimini. The data analysis stage is carried out by the work step of literature research, namely studying libraries related to research objects by reading, taking notes, and interpreting references related to research objects. The results showed that there are six forms of sexual politics contained in fiksimini, namely: sexual slavery, women's domestic work, control of women, abuse of sexuality, rape, projecting women and negotiations conducted by female characters in the story. Sexual politics contained in fiksimini is 80% written by male writers who recount the power of patriarchy. The ideology seen from writing about sexual politics shows that writers use male and female characters emerging from social classes, institutions of marriage, and free sex. The female characters narrated by the fiksimini writers still place women as inferior beings who are in the power of superior patriarchy.
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Abubakr, Zhino J., and Lubna F. Ahmed. "Gender in Ann Veronica: A Critical Discourse Analysis." Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (June 6, 2020): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/kujhss.v3n1y2020.pp8-13.
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This study investigates the differences that can be detected in the language produced by male and female talk. The study’s specific focus is on gender performance by both interlocutors. It concentrates on the way gender is represented in the 20th century British novel by considering social, cultural and ideological factors. The data used for such analysis is a modern British novel “Ann Veronica,” which is written by H. G. Wells, a feminist writer, in 1909. The approach that is used for the analysis is Critical discourse analysis, which is used to investigate the way the characters in the novel perform gender, which also concentrates on revealing gender ideologies and gender power that cause gender inequality. The study also uses conversation analysis to show the organization of the conversation between the characters, male and female, which explain how the conversation is opened and closed and how the sequences are arranged between the characters. The most important conclusions are: gender stereotypes that cause gender inequality are performed in British society. Women are constructed as inferior to men. The study also concludes that women’s gender identities are only limited to domestics. Besides, men have the most power in the society; that is why women are not allowed to be free and independent.