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1

Stoner, Kathryn. "Russia’s 21st Century Interests in Afghanistan." Asian Survey 55, no. 2 (2015): 398–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2015.55.2.398.

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The Russian government under Vladimir Putin has long-term geostrategic interests in Afghanistan: stability, economic development, and curbing narcotics flowing into Central Asia and thence to Russia. Moscow is in the difficult position of not wanting American forces to stay in Afghanistan but also not wanting the drawdown of forces to leave behind chaos.
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2

Dyakov, Ignaty. "On some aspects of business-state relations in Russia." Perspectives of Innovations, Economics and Business 10, no. 1 (2012): 28–34. https://doi.org/10.15208/pieb.2012.03.

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This article looks at the transition from the model of relationship between business and state, which dominated in Russia in the 1990s, to the one at the beginning of the 21st century. Russian history provides extensive evidence that business and state had always been closely connected and interdependent in this country. However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, interdependency changed to dependency: while in the 1990s business was dominating the state, on the edge of two centuries the state took control over business. The tradition of close co-operation has been destroyed.  
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3

Cherkasov, P. "“Think Tank of the 21st Century” (Part One)." World Economy and International Relations 68, no. 4 (2024): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2024-68-4-131-141.

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When Alexander Dynkin took up the position of Director of IMEMO in 2006, he had a clear program of action. The main point of this program was the transformation of the Institute into a modern world-class think tank, capable of deeply and objectively analyzing the processes of world development and the current situation. This was possible only on the basis of fundamental scientific research. Another task was to raise the prestige of IMEMO in public opinion, in the media space and in government bodies. Finally, the new director intended to attract talented young people to the Institute. Acting i
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4

Gutorow, Władimir. "O niektórych cechach swoistych ewolucji współczesnego rosyjskiego sytemu politycznego." Politeja 12, no. 7 (34/2) (2015): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.12.2015.34_2.02.

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On some peculiarities of evolution of the contemporary Russian political system
 The article deals with the problem of Russian political system evolution at the turn of the 20th and 21th centuries. The author attempts to answer the following question: if contemporary Russian state system does not fit a classical model of liberal democracy, is it reasonable to talk about hopeless stagnation of political system in Russia, generated by the process of new bureaucratic deformation, or is it possible to outline some tendencies of Russian state system evolution that fit the process of global deg
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5

Akimov, A. "Demographic Burst, Population Ageing and Labor-saving Technologies: Interaction in the 21st Century." World Economy and International Relations 60, no. 5 (2016): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2016-60-5-50-60.

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The ageing of population in the coming decades is becoming a constraint on economic growth in developed economies and countries of Eastern Asia, but labor-saving technologies including robotics and artificial intelligence may remove this limitation. At the same time, population growth in South Asia and Africa will face lower demand for cheap and low-qualified labor. Pairs of scenarios (success and failure) are proposed for principal regions and countries. For the West, a positive scenario is “the West closes”, which foresees high level of the industrial application of robots and no labor immig
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6

Sibarani, Dame Maria-Nova. "Economic Policy in Indonesia and Prospects of Russian-Indonesian Trade and Economic Cooperation." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 19, no. 3 (2019): 450–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-3-450-462.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of the current economic situation in Indonesia and the prospects for RussianIndonesian economic cooperation. The author covers the economic development of Indonesia since 1998 Asian economic crisis, the domestic economic agenda and the policy of new President D. Widodo, as well as the history and potential for the further development of trade and economic relations between Russia and Indonesia. The relevance of the research is determined by the increasing role of Indonesia in international politics in the 21st century. Indonesia is the fourth largest coun
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7

Olszowska, Karolina Wanda. "Turkey forever balances between East and West." Nowa Polityka Wschodnia 37, no. 2 (2023): 239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/npw20233711.

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When looking at contemporary Turkish politics, an incorrect notion is often circulated that Turkey has only in recent years, as far back as under Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, begun a policy of balancing between East and West. The purpose of this article is to analyze Turkey’s posture – in terms of balancing between spheres of influence – after the end of World War II until Turkey joined NATO and then compare it with Turkey’s stance during the Justice and Development Party government in the context of relations with the United States and Russia. This will help answer the question: to what extent is An
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8

Syrtypova, Surun-Khanda. "Buddhist Studies in Russia: “Eastern Project” by Stcherbatsky in the light of the 21st Century." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 6 (2023): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080028772-6.

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Almost two hundred years ago Buddhist studies were began by Russian missionaries (Iakinf Bichurin (1777–1853), Palladiy Kafarov (1817–1868) and academic scientists (J.I. Schmidt (1779–1847), V.P. Vasiliev (1818–1900), I.P. Minaev (1840–1890). At the beginning of the 20th century, in the Silver Age of Russian culture, the intellectual elite was so embraced by Buddhist ideas and charmed by East that it’s able to convince the government to build a Buddhist temple in St. Petersburg, to plan the rapprochement of the Russian Empire with Tibet, which was claimed by England, and to negotiate with the
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9

Słomski, Wojciech. "Теория и практика «политического исихазма» в России в XXI веке". Elpis 26 (2024): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/elpis.2024.26.13.

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The article is devoted to the revival of the so-called “political hesychasm” in the Russian Federation in the 21st century. The key document defining the church’s attitude to politics, society and the state is the “Fundamentals of the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church”, adopted at the Church Council in 2000. The purpose of this article is to clarify the conception of “political hesychasm” by analyzing the “Fundamentals of the Social Concept” and researches published on the issue, as well as to assess the implementation of this conception to modern political and social processes, th
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10

Bature, Bello Ahmad. "The new scramble for Africa: how global powers are competing for influence in the 21st century." British Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 2, no. 6 (2025): 65–82. https://doi.org/10.31039/bjir.v2i6.43.

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The paper examines the contemporary competition for influence in Africa among global powers, drawing parallels to the 19th-century colonial "Scramble for Africa." it analyzes how major powers, like China, the United States, Russia, and European nations, compete for strategic partnerships through various means such as infrastructure investments, military cooperation, and diplomatic engagement. By employing a qualitative analysis of recent developments in Africa-global power relations, the paper utilizes secondary data from international organizations, government reports, and academic sources to
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11

Josephson, Paul R. "EMPIRE-BUILDING AND FRONTIER OF SOVIET AND POST-SOVIET TIMES." Ural Historical Journal 73, no. 4 (2021): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2021-4(73)-88-96.

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The paper deals with the strategies of colonization and assimilation of frontier in Soviet Union and post-Soviet Russia in relation to, Siberia and the Far East. These frontier spaces were disturbing the Soviet leadership for they were both vulnerable for an external invasion and unsupportive of the new socialist order. Thus, countryside of Soviet Russia was also seen as frontier of its own kind. The conquest of frontier and its integration into the socialist, industrial economy was implemented by Stalinist leadership through the violent collectivization, which was accompanied by colonization
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12

Timofeev, Ivan N., Ekaterina Y. Arapova, and Yulia A. Nikitina. "The Illusion of “Smart” Sanctions: The Russian Case." Russia in Global Affairs 22, no. 2 (2024): 156–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31278/1810-6374-2024-22-2-156-178.

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The 21st century has seen a gradual shift from overwhelming sanctions, mainly trade embargoes, towards targeted or “smart” sanctions. The latter target designated natural and legal persons associated with a country’s government, while ostensibly imposing minimal hardship on its general population. However, many empirical studies prove the existence of significant spillover effects and collateral damage from targeted sanctions. This research aims to determine whether “smart” sanctions are a reality, or a myth created to legitimize their use. The analysis shows that targeted sanctions against Ru
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13

Vulfovich, Revekka M. "Use Possibilities of "Diverse Democracy" Forms under Modern Russia Conditions: Constitutional Principles and Political Reality." Theoretical and Applied Law, no. 1 (June 7, 2020): 10–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15389829.

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In the 21st century the place and role of different social institutions changes essential. An independent and self-sufficient person becomes in a greater measure a political actor and demands the participation right enlargement not only in public activities but in the decision making about the main issues of his / her life. It leads under the informatization and digitalization conditions to the rapid individual actions’ volume growth and to the individual rationality increase which can have positive and negative consequences as well. The local self-government — the nearest institut
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14

Kosevich, Ekaterina. "Russia-Venezuela Relations (and US Interests): A Fully-Fledged and Long-Term Strategic Partnership?" Russian Politics 8, no. 4 (2023): 493–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/24518921-00803010.

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Abstract The strengthening of cooperation between Russia and Venezuela has become one of the characteristics of the system of international relations at the beginning of the 21st century. The previously “unfamiliar” states showed a rapid rapprochement in less than two decades, rewriting the established paradigm that only Cuba could be considered as the Kremlin’s strategic partner in Latin America. Russia’s “special operation” in Ukraine, which began on February 24, 2022, unexpectedly led to rapid positive changes in US-Venezuelan relations, once again reminding the world that these countries h
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15

Volosyuk, Olga. "Inter Arma Silent Musae: the Role of Public Diplomacy in Relations between Russia and Spain." ISTORIYA 13, no. 10 (120) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023487-4.

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The article deals with the role of public diplomacy in Russian-Spanish relations; puts forward a hypothesis, that public diplomacy plays an independent role, sometimes even replacing traditional diplomacy, in the “political vacuum”, when political ties between the two countries were frozen or even broken off. The author points out that some examples of public diplomacy can be traced in Russian-Spanish relations in the 18—19th centuries, but they transferred into state policy only in the 20th century. It was at that time that the Soviet government started to maintain a purposeful public policy
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16

Baklanov, P., and V. Larin. "Far Eastern Regions of RF in Modern Russian-Chinese Cooperation." World Economy and International Relations 67, no. 6 (2023): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2023-67-6-5-16.

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The article discusses the favorable prerequisites for the development of cross-border cooperation between Russia and China, the announced intentions of the parties and compares them with the concrete results of economic cooperation in the last decade. The analysis shows that in the second decade of the 21st century, trade and economic ties between the territories of the Far Eastern Federal District and China developed unevenly and by the end of the decade stagnated at the level of 2011–2013, and the share of this district in Russian-Chinese trade decreased from 14 to 9.5%. The Far Eastern Fede
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17

И.В., Бочарников. "НЕЙТРАЛИЗАЦИЯ УГРОЗ ДЕСТАБИЛИЗАЦИИ ВНУТРИПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ СИТУАЦИИ В РОССИИ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ". Человеческий капитал, № 9(153) (29 жовтня 2021): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25629/hc.2021.09.01.

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В статье рассматриваются основные направления реализации информационных технологий по дестабилизации внутриполитической ситуации с целью обеспечения контроля над государствами и политическими процессами, происходящими в них. Зародившиеся в Античный период информационные технологии по дестабилизации внутриполитической ситуации, на протяжении столетий использовались как основное средство и форма подготовки и осуществления государственных переворотов и достижения власти на государственном уровне. Технологии дестабилизации внутриполитической ситуации с целью подрыва основ государственности активно
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18

Aminov, I. I. "Ethics of Russian parliamentarian as a subject matter of normative and legal regulation." Actual Problems of Russian Law, no. 8 (September 20, 2019): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.105.8.047-054.

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Professionalization of ethics in the first quarter of the 21st century leads to the fact that it increasingly acts as a regulator of behavior of representatives of all branches of government: legislative, executive and judiciary. To this end, scholars — authors of modern concepts of political ethics — increasingly correlate fundamental ethical values with the features of modern politics, law, democratic organization of the society that put forward as fundamental such ethical qualities as professionalism, discipline, financial integrity, political correctness, prevention of malpractice and powe
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19

Wojnarowska-Szpucha, Sylwia. "Geopolitical and geostrategic situation of Lithuania in the context of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation - with an outlook to 2019." Przegląd Nauk o Obronności, no. 15 (February 1, 2023): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37055/pno/159601.

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ObjectivesThis paper discusses the problems faced by Lithuania in its current geopolitical and geostrategic situation, as a post-Soviet state that has fairly recently joined the structures of the European Union and NATO. As one of the Baltic States with a relatively small territory and without significant natural resources, it must rely on cooperation with other states and the trade exchange, mainly with the Russian Federation. Lithuania is a small state, which - seemingly - would be capable of pursuing only regional politics, not geopolitics in the strategic sense.Methodsanalysys, inference,
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20

Petrusev, D. S. "INTERDEPARTMENTAL INTERACTION AND LEGAL BASIS FOR BUILDING A MODEL OF ESTATE SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE CITIES OF SMOLENSK PROVINCE AT THE LATE 18TH - FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURIES." Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 63, no. 01 (2025): 85–97. https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2023-09-01-85-97.

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The article analyzes the features of interdepartmental interaction of key structures of the state apparatus of the Russian Empire based on the regulatory framework in the context of an attempt to build a model of estate self-government in the cities of the Smolensk province of the late XVIII – first half of the XIX centuries. The study is devoted to the topical issues of the heyday of the provincial city, which is related to the construction of the state administrative apparatus, refracted in the plane of domestic politics. The latter requires special attention in the urban space as a result o
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21

Iwanowski, Z. W., and D. M. Rozental. "Venezuela: Political Confrontation and the World Community." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 12, no. 2 (2020): 71–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-2-71-111.

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The paper examines a complex web of domestic and external issues which have both provoked a systemic crisis in Venezuela and, at the same time, determined its specificity in comparison with the wave of protests sweeping across Latin America in 2019.The authors conclude that the escalation of the conflict in Venezuela was caused not only by the standoff between the legislative and the executive branches of the government, but also by the split of the whole society into proponents and opponents of ‘socialism of the 21st century’. The contradictions have led to the formation of the parallel branches
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22

Drinova, Elena. "Political and Communicative Interaction in Public Space Between the Russian Government and the Russian Orthodox Church: Directions and Priorities." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 4 (August 2021): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.4.4.

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Introduction. The aim of the work was to analyze the leading directions of interaction between the state and religious authorities in the modern public space. It is shown that the result of this interaction was the politicization of the Russian Orthodox Church (hereinafter ROC). It is proved that in recent decades the Church continues to exert direct and indirect influence on the state, which, in turn, uses its spiritual potential to stabilize the socio-political system. Methods and materials. Institutional and modernization approaches were used as the research methodology. Within the framewor
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23

Pavlov, N. "Russia and Germany Facing Challenges of 21st Century." World Economy and International Relations, no. 6 (2012): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2012-6-34-41.

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The state of Russia-Germany relations is examined in the article. In Moscow, Russia-Germany strategic partnership is regarded as one of the key factors in European and global politics. The bilateral dialogue is tonified by intensive, eventful contacts of the two countries' leaders. Today, in the bilateral relations there are no unsolvable problems, which could block the interaction across a broad range of international life issues.
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24

Ли, И., and Ч. Пэн. "Features and development of Chinese-Russian relations in the context of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative." Russian Economic Bulletin 7, no. 2 (2024): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.58224/2658-5286-2024-7-2-121-127.

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Аннотация: в условиях современности изучение отношений между КНР и РФ, особенно в рамках инициативы «Один пояс, один путь», представляется весьма актуальным, посколькупереплетаются международная политика, экономика и стратегическое партнерство. Речь идёт о глобальной стратегии развития, принятой китайским правительством, которая направлена на укрепление региональных связей и создание более светлого хозяйственного будущего посредством формирования обширной сети, охватывающей Азию, Европу и прочие регионы. Эта инициатива стала фундаментальной в понимании динамики китайской внешней политики и ее
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Lukina, Anna, and Ekaterina Mishina. "Teaching Soviet Law in the 21st Century." Soviet and Post-Soviet Review 51, no. 3 (2024): 322–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763324-05103003.

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Abstract This article, addressing the need to cultivate an understanding of the interplay between law and politics, aims to explore the possibility—and necessity—of teaching Soviet law, where this mutually beneficial relationship assumed a particularly palpable form. In doing so, firstly, it analyses how Soviet law was taught both within the Soviet state and abroad historically, locating the main challenges in doing so in lack of academic freedom and immersion in the political context respectively. Secondly, it makes a case for reviving these practices in the modern day as Soviet law can say a
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Cherkasov, P. "“Think Tank of the 21st Century” (Part Two)." World Economy and International Relations 68, no. 8 (2024): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2024-68-8-129-140.

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As a head of IMEMO, the Academician Alexandr Dynkin focused on forecasting the main directions of world development – in the economy, ideological, social and political spheres, as well as in the field of international security. The Institute prepared both annual and long-term (15–20 years) forecasts, which have been published since 2008 under the general title “Russia and the World”. This large prognostic project was headed by Alexandr Dynkin and Vladimir Baranovskii. The IMEMO analysts concentrated on issues of key importance for ensuring Russia’s stable economic development. The annual forec
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D. G, Sri Hanumanthappa. "INDO-RUSSIAN RELATION IN 21st CENTURY." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 1, no. 5 (2014): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v1i5.3052.

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This Paper Focuses on a major problem likely to occur in Indo-Russian foreign policy leveraged by internal policy contradictions the Russia is facted with the foreign policy experts are facing baffling situation as to share what shape the indo-Russian foreign policy would take in view of festimently changing international political enlivenment with regard to co-operation and co-ordination in the arena of myriad strategic developments and on the other hand the native factors in case of Russia like concentration of power in the president himself in the presidential form government in the newly a
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Zaman Khan, Qamar, Imran Wakil, and Ghulam Mustafa. "The Dynamics of Pakistan-Russia Relations in the 21st Century and the Role of U.S. Influence." Global Political Review IX, no. II (2024): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2024(ix-ii).03.

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This qualitative study aims to evaluate the influence of the US and the possibility of Pakistan developing strategic relations with Russia in the 21st century. Historical legacies, an overemphasis on Western dependency and Pakistan's Endocentric viewpoint have all tarnished relations between Pakistan and Russia. Although their relationship has had numerous highs and lows, viewing Russia through Indian eyes and Pakistan through a Western lens. In the context of 21st-century regional stability, economic cooperation, and defense collaboration, the research looks at the evolving dynamics of Pakist
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Hassan Farooq and Muhammad Khan. "Sino-Russian Role in the 21st Century World Order." Central Asia 86, Summer (2020): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54418/ca-86.79.

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China and Russia have developed an underlying empathy on the transition of the contemporary US-led hegemonic world order. Since the dawn of the 21st century, the two Eurasian powers have been striving for transforming the global system to a multipolar world system. As Beijing and Moscow, along with other emerging powers were already weary of Washington’s unipolar moment and its self-proclaimed authority of overriding the entire international system. In the American worldwide hegemony, the rest of the nations; neither alone nor collectively could challenge its supremacy; as the political, econo
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Johnson, Karin. "21st Century International Higher Education Hotspots." Journal of International Students 10, no. 1 (2020): v—viii. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i1.1851.

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The Institute of International Education (IIE) 2018 Open Doors report highlighted that the United States is the leading international education destination, having hosted about 1.1 million international students in 2017 (IIE, 2018a). Despite year over year increases, U.S. Department of State (USDOS, 2018) data show that for a third year in a row, international student visa issuance is down. This is not the first decline. Student visa issuance for long-term academic students on F visas also significantly dropped following the 9/11 attacks (Johnson, 2018). The fall in issuances recovered within
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31

Lubardic, Bogdan. "Serbia and Russia mirroring obtainment in philosophy 1920-2020: Synoptic reflexion." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 173 (2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn2073001l.

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The author endeavours to reconstruct the ways in which the relations between Russia and Serbia in the 20th and 21st century are reflected through the philosophies of both, respectively. Reasons are given for the importance of institutional reception of Russian philosophy into Serbian cultural space, and vice versa. It is demonstrated that the relating of Russia and Serbia in philosophy is important theoretically and spiritually, and equally as a form of identity politics in culture.
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Ikhenoba, Williams. "Woodrow Wilson's 1887 Essay on Administration and the Challenges Before 21st Century Scholars." AKSU Journal of Administration and Corporate Governance 2, no. 1 (2022): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.61090/aksujacog.2022.004.

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Woodrow Wilson in his epoch making essay, “The Study of Administration” in 1887 said: “it is getting to be harder to ran a constitution (government) than to frame one” (politics). Wilson’s argument on the job of government being harder than politics has remained as relevant in today’s world as at when it was first propounded. Regrettably, the variables that continue to make the task of running the government harder are yet to be clearly identified and articulated with solutions provided. This article x-rayed contemporary factors that makes the task of running the government (public administrat
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33

Vashchuk, Angelina. "The Russian Far East in the First Quarter of the 21st Century." ISTORIYA, E21 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840017834-6.

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The publication is devoted to the history of the Far East of the first two decades of the 21st century compared to the previous period of the 1990s. It demonstrates the Russian leaders developed innovative approaches to manage the Far East: some transformation of the administrative-territorial division and the establishment special bodies for the regional development. It provides data on demographic and migration processes. Addresses problems of economic sector and specific measures the Government had taken to solve them. Evaluates all outcomes and contradictions of the regional development.
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Mahamat, M. M. "History of international relations development among Russia and African countries in the beginning of the XXI century." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 10 (December 4, 2024): 126–30. https://doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2024-10-126-130.

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Dynamics of economic relations development among Russia and African countries in the beginning of the 21st century has been analyzed. At that time there was the economic relations strengthening among Russia and African countries, which was caused by several factors: 1) the interest of Russian companies in the resource potential of Africa; 2) the support of the Government of the Russian Federation for the export of goods and services to African countries; 3) the growth of trade among Russia and African countries; 4) the increase in investments of Russian companies in African countries. At the b
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35

LIJPHART, AREND. "Democracy in the 21st century: can we be optimistic?" European Review 9, no. 2 (2001): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798701000163.

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The prospects for the spread of democracy around the world in the 21st century appear to be bright, but there are also important reasons for pessimism. One is that politicians and constitution-writers in the democracies are not aware of, or choose to ignore, compelling social science evidence concerning the superiority of parliamentary systems of government and proportional representation (in contrast to presidential government and majoritarian electoral systems). The older democracies are not in danger of failing, but they are losing much of their democratic vitality, as seen in the decline o
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Dmitriev, M. E. "Scenarios of greenhouse gases emissions for Russia." Journal of the New Economic Association 56, no. 4 (2022): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-2022-56-4-10.

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The purpose of this study is to develop and quantify possible scenarios for the implementation of climate policy, as well as the opportunities for achieving carbon neutrality by the middle of the 21st century or earlier. For this purpose, two scenarios are considered — basic and transformational. The baseline scenario includes measures that least affect the existing socio-political and economic interests with the greatest contribution from deforestation, modernization of technologies for the use of hydrocarbons in industry and cleaner transport. The limitations of the baseline scenario will no
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Kawasaki, Tsuyoshi. "Canada as a peninsula state: Conceptualizing the emerging geopolitical landscape in the 21st century." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 74, no. 3 (2019): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702019874798.

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An unprecedented geopolitical landscape, driven by the reduction of Arctic ice and the rise of China as “a Polar power,” is emerging. What does this mean for Canada, and how should Canada respond to it in a systematic and strategic manner? We need a coherent and holistic conceptual framework to answer these key policy questions. Yet, the current literatures do not offer us such a concept. In an attempt to fill the void, this article presents a vision that conceives of Canada as “a peninsula state” exposed to great power politics in its vicinity, involving China as a rising power as well as the
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Kang, Bong-koo. "Bandwagoning and Balancing: The World Politics and Russia-U.S. Relations in the 21st Century." Korean Journal of International Relations 45, no. 3 (2005): 263–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14731/kjir.2005.09.45.3.263.

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Peng, Siyuan, Hanyue Wang, and Tuoyi Zhou. "Causes of Intense Sino-America Relations in the 21st century: Multi-Perspective Analysis." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (February 7, 2023): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4296.

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The Sino-America relations is changing constantly, but not in a specific instant. From 1949 to 1972, The United State of America start to embargo to People’s Republic of China. It is a beginning of the relationship between China and America go to deteriorate slowly. American government also imposed policies to limit visa issue [1] of the most of Chinese officials and some national company and strict control visa for Chinese visitors. This increases the ossification between America and China. In addition, during the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the Ukraine shows a pro-American position and Chinese
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Guslin, Guslin, and Amarulla Octavian. "The impact of the Bolsheviks Revolution on the political development and system of government of the new state of the 20th century." Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review 6, no. 2 (2021): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ipsr.v6i3.31484.

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The Bolshevik Revolution forced the end of Tsar Nicholas II's imperial rule in Russia. Furthermore, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, Russia formed a new government in the form of the Republic. The main power of this government is entirely under the Dictatorship of the Proletariat. Subsequent changes in the form of government in Russia, especially after World War I, inspired newly independent countries in the mid-20th century to follow the same system of government. Through theories about the state, politics, and government system, this study will analyze the influence of the Bolshevik r
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Кайдашова, А. К., Е. Ю. Сизганова, and А. А. Ашин. "Regional and sectoral profile of the 21st century crises." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 2(127) (April 11, 2021): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2021.127.2.073.

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В статье представлена характеристика кризисов 2008 г., 2014 г. и 2020 г. Проведенный сравнительный анализ позволил авторам статьи построить отраслевой профиль каждого из кризисов, в том числе и в региональном срезе, дать оценку силы их воздействия на разные территории России, и Владимирскую область в частности. Авторское исследование может быть интересным государственным органам при разработке и реализации стратегии регионального развития. The article presents the characteristics of the crises of 2008, 2014 and 2020. The comparativeanalysis allowed the authors of the article to build an indust
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Adins, S. "Bilateral relations between Peru and Russia in the 21st century: a Peruvian perspective." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 9, no. 4 (2022): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2021-9-4-84-100.

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Since the beginning of the 21st century, Russia has tried to regain its status as a great power in world politics, leaving behind its ideological profile that characterized it during the Soviet era. Although it is true that Russian influence in Latin America is still far from reaching the levels of the United States, the European Union or China, Moscow has recently managed to increase its presence in the region. In turn, Peru aspires to position itself as an “emerging regional power”, with an important economic projection towards Asia-Pacific, although maintaining – for now – its strategic ali
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Litvin, Margaret. "21st-Century Arabic Literary Remixes of the Arab-Soviet Romance." International Journal of Middle East Studies 56, no. 3 (2024): 516–20. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0020743824000989.

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After an absence of more than fifteen years, Russian and Soviet themes began to reappear in contemporary Arabic fiction around 2005, as Russia started to regain prominence in Arab politics and Arabic writers began rediscovering some of the transnational entanglements that the Cold War’s unipolar ending had largely occluded. Contemporary Arabic fiction writers have put Russian and Soviet material to many uses; this essay focuses on four: satirizing Soviet internationalism through depictions of dormitory racism; mocking the gender assumptions behind Arab nationalism and internationalism; humaniz
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VASHCHUK, A. S. "FAR EASTERN POLICY OF THE POST-SOVIET RUSSIA IN THE END OF THE XX CENTURY AND THE BEGINNING OF THE 21st CENTURY: CONCEPTS, EXPERT OPINIONS AND PUBLICISTS’ VIEWPOINTS." Historical and social-educational ideas 10, no. 3/1 (2018): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2018-10-3/1-30-45.

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Investigation of Russia’s turnabout to the East is a bright feature of the national humanitarian space of the early 21st century. Publications on this topic include the works of economists, geographers, sociologists and historians. It contains various viewpoints on the part that the Far Eastern region played in the social and economic development of Russia, as well as different genres (varying from publicism to scientific research), and expert assessments and recommendations to the government. The article deals with historiographic review of the emerging scientific trend and complements it wit
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Romanowski, Dymitr. "Nowa lewica w Rosji." Politeja 19, no. 2(77) (2022): 311–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.19.2022.77.14.

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THE NEW LEFT IN RUSSIA: BORIS KAGARLITSKY: PRACTICE AND THEORY
 This article examines the essential ideas of the theory and practice of New Left politics in the work of the well-known scientist and politician Boris Kagarlitsky. Since he is actively involved in the political life of the New Russian Left, the exposition of theoretical issues is impossible without placing them in the context of the socio-political situation of contemporary Russia. The collapse of the USSR and the socialist bloc revived the ideas of the ‘free market’ and liberalism. Today the liberal capitalist system is in c
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Miarka, Agnieszka. "Stosunki mołdawsko-rosyjskie w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 9, no. 1 (2018): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.3395.

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The purpose of this article is to characterize the relations between Moldova and Russia in the second decade of the 21st century. The author describes influence of presidential elections in Moldova (2016) on Moldovan – Russian relations. The new president, Igor Dodon, wants to return to a strategic partnership with Russia. Presidential activity has improved the relations of Chisinau–Moscow in many areas. The paper also presents problematic issues: Transnistrian case and Moldovan-Ukrainian border. The current diplomatic crisis and the position of the Moldovan government towards Russia are also
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Rahman, Md Sayedur, and Shakila Tul-Kubra. "Economic dimension of India’s foreign policy towards Russia: Late 20th- early 21st century." Contemporary Research: An Interdisciplinary Academic Journal 4, no. 1 (2020): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/craiaj.v4i1.32757.

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In the international framework India is finding a larger position for itself. This hope is focused on the belief that India is a prosperous democracy with substantial human and material resources; it is an increasingly strong economic power; it has a proven record as a responsible and law-abiding regime, and as a member of the non-aligned party it has consistently shared the interests of the developing nations. Indian foreign policy makers argue that India wants to re-invent itself at this point of 'take-off' as a great force. India needs new alliance for the proposed new position, including t
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Fiszer, Józef. "Will China Take Over the World in the Middle of the 21st Century?" Studia Polityczne 50, no. 1 (2022): 11–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/stp.2022.50.1.01.

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The subject of this article is China and the analysis of its chances of gaining the status of the number one superpower in the world by the middle of the 21st century. I try to answer two fundamental questions here: Will China take over the world in the middle of the 21st century and will the United States and its allies allow this to happen? I try to answer these in both theoretical and utilitarian terms. I refer to several research theories, including the theory of equilibrium support and George Modelski’s long cycle theory. Above all, I refer to the theory of the state’s foreign policy, the
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Alexey, Yu. Mamychev, O. G. Danilyan, G. Kravchenko Artur, A. Blochina Natalya, and H. V. Anisimova. "POLITICAL AND LEGAL MODELS OF INSTITUTE TRANSFORMATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY." Revista Científica Orbis, Especial Internacional (año 14) (May 4, 2023): 55–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7897009.

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In this research, the key theory and doctrines submitting predictive projects of political and legal transformation of state institute in the 21st century are analyzed. it was an analytical research and our finding shows that transfer of the fundamental functional obligations of state institute by others to political subjects will result in dysfunctionality of public and power institutes and instability of political process. In the present work of institutes of the government and the strategy of their development in the globalized world, as well as criteria and characteristics, type-defining &
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Ahmed, Dr Mansoor. "Power Transition in New Great Game: Strategic Options for Pakistan." Journal of Research in Social Sciences 13, no. 1 (2025): 71–84. https://doi.org/10.52015/jrss.13i1.280.

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Power transition in international politics is an ever-evolving approach owing to the rise and fall of the superpowers and great powers. Historically, the quest for more territories and resources has led to conflicts and wars between powerful empires and states, resulting in colonization, imperialism, and power transition. The first half of the 20th century witnessed long-running conflicts and wars among the great powers concerning power transition, which caused unheard-of violence and destruction in the history of humankind. However, in the second half of the foregoing century, the competing s
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