Books on the topic 'Russian Academic art'

Exploration of Armenian art began in the 19th century with French, Russian, German, Finnish, Austrian and Armenian art historians, and continued into the 20th century primarily with Russian, Armenian, Ukrainian, American and Italian scholars, who brought to the attention of a large public – not only of academics –, the artistic heritage of a territory that goes beyond the borders of present-day Armenia and encompasses an area known as Subcaucasia, a term used to indicate the regions from the South Caucasus to Anatolia, Iran and Upper Mesopotamia. Interest in Armenian art, from illuminated manuscripts to khachkars and architecture, has grown in the last twenty years, a fact that provided the knowledge of these works of art with a global dimension. The book illustrates the characteristics, themes and methods of the various research paths, sprouting from different historiographical traditions. In other words, the volume intends to trace a map capable of orientating the reader among the artistic and cultural phenomena of this complex territory, thus offering different keys to understanding them and also useful insights for future scientific research.

This book is a collection of some of the most interesting work by Maria Di Salvo compiled on the occasion of her sixty-fifth birthday. These articles reflect her intellectual curiosity, her clarity of exposition and the capacity to apply and amalgamate different methodologies and disciplines, blending them into a coherent whole despite the variety of topics and subjects of study. We have favoured the essays that are harder to get hold of, making selections that enable the identification of two essential groups: the philological and literary studies and those related to the relations between Russia and Italy. We trust that the choices made will offer an organic overview of the intellectual and academic career of Maria Di Salvo, including the latest 'new path' of research, that on punctuation in the Slavic languages, and while awaiting the imminent publication by Edizioni dell'Orso, of the part devoted to Russia in the memoirs of Filippo Balatri, the famous castrato sent by the Grand Duke of Tuscany to the Russian court at the end of the seventeenth century.

Russian Russian Language and Culture of Speech textbook consists of two books: "Russian language and culture of speech. Theory" and "Russian language and speech culture. Practicum".
 The study of the Russian language in professional educational organizations implementing the educational program of secondary general education has its own characteristics depending on the profile of vocational education, which is expressed through the content of training. When mastering the professions of technical, natural-scientific, socio-economic profiles of vocational education, the Russian language is studied at the basic level of secondary education. When mastering the specialties of secondary vocational education in the humanities, the Russian language is studied in depth as a specialized academic discipline that requires a higher level of language training of students. In this regard, much attention is paid to functional styles of speech, especially the official business style, and the specifics of the use of language units in accordance with the speech situation, which has practical application not only for students of secondary vocational education, but also for a wide range of business people.
 Russian Russian vocabulary and stylistics are outlined in the textbook, which instills the skills of using the norms of Russian speech. In addition, attention is drawn to the norms of Russian literary pronunciation, the rules of text construction are given. The main part is devoted to the culture of Russian speech in the study of grammar and syntax. A separate chapter is devoted to punctuation of the Russian language.
 Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
 For students of secondary vocational education, applicants and high school students.

The textbook is a didactic material for the textbook "Russian language and culture of speech. Theory". Russian Russian vocabulary and stylistics are outlined in the books, which instills the skills of using the norms of Russian speech.
 The study of the Russian language in professional educational organizations implementing the educational program of secondary general education has its own characteristics depending on the profile of vocational education, which is expressed through the content of training. When mastering the professions of technical, natural-scientific, socio-economic profiles of vocational education, the Russian language is studied at the basic level of secondary education. When mastering the specialties of secondary vocational education in the humanities, the Russian language is studied in depth as a specialized academic discipline that requires a higher level of language training of students. In this regard, much attention is paid to functional styles of speech, especially the official business style, and the specifics of the use of language units in accordance with the speech situation, which has practical application not only for students of secondary vocational education, but also for a wide range of business people.
 The manual contains practical material: tasks of varying complexity; answers to questions and tasks; historical references, as well as historical information on the history of the origin of words related to all parts of speech; entertaining and reference materials that can be useful for reports, abstracts and other independent works.
 Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
 For students of secondary vocational education, applicants and high school students.

The textbook provides information about the philosophy of science and theology as academic disciplines. The primary purpose of the manual is not only to inform students about the content of various concepts of religious philosophy, but also to promote their intellectual and spiritual growth.
 It contains information on several theological disciplines that have only recently been introduced into the educational space of the Russian Federation. Among these are The History and Methodology of Theology, Methods and Tasks of Theology of Western Christian Thought, and The History of Theological Thought in the Russian Orthodox Church.
 Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
 It is intended for students receiving higher education in theological and religious studies specialties.

The textbook was prepared by a team of teachers of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, who have extensive experience in universities and are engaged in scientific research on the theory and practice of modern domestic and foreign accounting.
 Contains all program questions on the academic discipline "Accounting". The material is presented on the basis of the current accounting regulations in the Russian Federation, which correspond to International Financial Reporting Standards.
 Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
 For university students studying in the field of training 38.03.01 "Economics", students of centers and advanced training courses. It can be used by accountants and other economists, as well as managers of enterprises and organizations.

This book is a tribute to Giovanna Brogi Bercoff, Full Professor of History of Russian at the State University of Milan and a leading authority on Polish studies, mediaeval Russian literature and Ukrainian studies, both in Italy and abroad. Former Chairman of the Associazione Italiana degli Slavisti, she contributed to project Italian Slavic studies into an international dimension. Among the most significant aspects of her intense academic and teaching career we should mention the pioneering studies on historiography and the Baroque culture in the Slavic area, as well as the introduction of Ukrainian studies at the University of Milan. The authors of the essays collected here, which range from linguistics to philology, and from literary theory to history, are Italian and foreign scholars of different generations and different cultural backgrounds.

The commentary discusses the features of application of measures of administrative responsibility
 for different types of offenses in the field of environmental protection, as well as in various fields of environmental management. Special attention is paid to the analysis of criteria of differentiation of the components of administrative offences and related criminal offences under the Criminal code of the Russian Federation. Taking into account all the changes and additions made to Chapter 8 of the Code of the Russian Federation on administrative offences as of November 1, 2019, are examples of administrative and judicial enforcement, as well as a synthesis and recommendations contained in the resolutions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.
 For practitioners - judges, prosecutors, environmental agencies, leading
 proceedings for environmental offences, the police and other law enforcement agencies, attorneys, and administrative staff of business structures, experts of self-regulating organisations, academics, teachers, graduate students, undergraduates and law students and faculties.

The textbook presents the theoretical and practical issues of the methodology of material and technical support, as well as the developing provisions of the academic disciplines "Material Resource Management" and "Logistics of supply" of railway transport. Such issues as the concept of strategic management, breakthrough transformations in the supply system, quality management, lean manufacturing, process approach, logistics analysis and cybernetics of business technologies, development strategies, management innovations based on the ARIS modeling environment, production inventory management in railway transport, and many others are considered in detail.
 It is intended for students studying in the areas of "Management", "Economics", as well as for all those interested in the economics of railway transport and supply logistics. It will be useful for managers and specialists of JSC "Russian Railways".

The textbook contains information on new technologies of radiation diagnostics and therapy of oncological diseases, new and promising therapeutic and diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals, new directions in nuclear medicine in Russia and in developed foreign countries, as well as on the coordination of efforts of international organizations to maintain and improve the health of the population of different countries.
 The active activity of the Rosatom State Corporation on the introduction and development of programs for the non-energy use of nuclear and radiation technologies to improve the health of the world's population, as well as training and training programs for high-tech medicine, combating widespread epidemic diseases, improving health systems in Russia and developing countries is shown.
 The basic nuclear-physical and therapeutic-diagnostic requirements for radionuclides and radiopharmaceutical drugs used in nuclear medicine are described. Information on the clinical application of new therapeutic and diagnostic tools developed in Russia for the needs of nuclear medicine is presented. In a comparative aspect, a brief description of educational programs of academic training of specialists for high-tech medicine in Russia and developed countries is given.
 Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation 03.04.02 "Physics" (profile "Medical physics", educational programs "Medical physics of nuclear medicine"
 and "Medical physics of radiation diagnostics and therapy") and 30.05.02 "Medical biophysics".
 It is intended for students of master's programs and postgraduates of various specialties — biomedical, physico-chemical, biological, environmental, pharmaceutical. It can be useful for university teachers, as well as for specialists in the application of nuclear and radiation technologies, developers of new methods, systems and technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in humans.

The textbook presents in a systematic form the main content of the eponymous academic discipline, which is based on the results of the work of foreign and domestic specialists in the field of management of socio-economic systems, as well as the authors ' own research. The specifics of the activities of future specialists in the field of management, who carry out management in the conditions of modern Russia, are taken into account.
 Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
 It is developed in accordance with the working programs of the discipline and is intended for students studying in the areas of training 38.03.01 "Economics" and 38.03.04 "State and Municipal Management", as well as for undergraduates, postgraduates and teachers.

The Oxford Handbook of Russian Religious Thought is an authoritative new reference and interpretive volume detailing the origins, development, and influence of one of the richest aspects of Russian cultural and intellectual life – its religious ideas. After setting the historical background and context, the Handbook follows the leading figures and movements in modern Russian religious thought through a period of immense historical upheavals, including seventy years of officially atheist communist rule and the growth of an exiled diaspora with, e.g., its journal The Way. Therefore the shape of Russian religious thought cannot be separated from long-running debates with nihilism and atheism. Important thinkers such as Losev and Bakhtin had to guard their words in an environment of religious persecution, whilst some views were shaped by prison experiences. Before the Soviet period, Russian national identity was closely linked with religion – linkages which again are being forged in the new Russia. Relevant in this connection are complex relationships with Judaism. In addition to religious thinkers such as Philaret, Chaadaev, Khomiakov, Kireevsky, Soloviev, Florensky, Bulgakov, Berdyaev, Shestov, Frank, Karsavin, and Alexander Men, the Handbook also looks at the role of religion in aesthetics, music, poetry, art, film, and the novelists Dostoevsky and Tolstoy. Ideas, institutions, and movements discussed include the Church academies, Slavophilism and Westernism, theosis, the name-glorifying (imiaslavie) controversy, the God-seekers and God-builders, Russian religious idealism and liberalism, and the Neopatristic school. Occultism is considered, as is the role of tradition and the influence of Russian religious thought in the West. The collection includes two responses from contemporary Russian academic and Church life.

The international conference is organized jointly by Dorodnicyn Computing Center of Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of Russian Academy of Science and Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia. The talks presented at the conference discuss actual problems of computer algebra — the discipline whose algorithms are focused on the exact solution of mathematical and applied problems using a computer.

The book was compiled on the materials of the scientific conference “Anthropomorphic and zoomorphic representations of nations and states in the Slavic cultural discourse” (2019), held at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) and devoted to the history of the nations’ personifications and generalized ethnic images in period of “imagined communities” formation. This process is reconstructing on verbal and visual sources and by methods of various disciplines. The historical evolution of such zoomorphic incarnations of nations as an Eagle (in the Polish patriotic poetry of the first third of the 19th cent), a Falcon (in the South Slavic and Czech cultures in the 19th cent), a Griffin (during the formation of the Cassubian ethnocultural identity) is considered. The animalistic national representations in the Estonian caricature of the interwar twenty years of the 20th cent., so as the functioning of the Bear’s allegory as a symbol of Russia in modern Russian souvenir products are analyzed. The originality of zoomorphic symbolism in Polish and Soviet cultures is shown оn the examples of para- and metaheraldic images in XXth cent. The transformation of the verbal and visual images of “Mother Russia” personifications in Russian Empire was reconstructed. The evolution of various allegories of ethnic “Self” and “Others” is presented by caricatures of 19th – 20th cent. in Slovenian periodic and in Russian “Satyricon” journal (1914–1918).

This collection contains articles by Russian participants of the tripartite (Belgium–Russia–Bulgaria) international research project “Diversity and interaction of written cultures of Southern and Eastern Slavs in the 11th — 20th centuries”, which won the EU ERA NET RUS Plus competition. It was overseen by a scholarly team at the Institute of Slavic studies of RAS with the financial support of the RFBR (grant No 18–512–76004). Their articles are intended for the thematic halls of the virtual Museum of Slavic Cultures and will be published on the websites of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the Belgian Ghent University in Russian and English. They relate to the written cultures of Russia, Belarus’, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. These articles discuss the oldest monuments to the written word in these countries, famous saints and scribes, first typographers and writers, Slavist scholars, collectors of book treasures, and so on. The work is addressed not only to narrow specialists, but also to a wider audience — everyone who is interested in the culture of Southern and Eastern Slavs.

Arnautoff became more isolated in the 1950s. In 1955, he made national news when he was asked to remove a cartoon criticizing McCarthyism from an art show. The event brought a subpoena from the House Un-American Activities Committee and two hearings at Stanford to determine if he should be terminated. In a decision extending academic freedom, the faculty committee did not recommend termination. The California Labor School and the Russian American Society both closed down, and the Communist party shrunk significantly. Victor and Lydia again applied to emigrate to the Soviet Union, were accepted, and traveled there as tourists. Upon returning to the U.S., Lydia died in a car accident.

The collection includes articles based on the results of the self-titled International Scientific Conference in 2019. On the basis of archival materials, the authors of the articles investigate the Russian classical heritage, inviting readers to get acquainted with source research and a full bibliographic description of all poetic texts by P.A. Vyazemsky, with the history of archiving manuscripts, autographs and biographical documents of A.S. Pushkin, as well as with various textological and traditional problems of preparing academic editions of the complete collected works of N.V. Gogol and L.N. Tolstoy. Among the works about which the authors write in detail are “Leaving the Theater” and “The Carriage” by Gogol, “Anna Karenina”, “Resurrection” and folk stories by Tolstoy. The authors are employees of Russian universities, archives, IWL RAS. The collection will be interesting and useful to philologists, university teachers and readers interested in classical Russian literature.

The Collection contains selected research articles and proceedings of participants of the session «Kuzbass Region Strategic Universitarium» of the Fouth International Research-to-Practice Conference «Strategizing: Theory and Practice». The Kuzbass Region session of the conference is attended by members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, professors, doctors of sciences, PhD candidates, postgraduate students and graduates, researchers and professionals in the field of strategizing, heads of industrial enterprises of various levels and industries from many regions of Russia, including from Moscow, Kuzbass Region, St. Petersburg, as well as foreign researchers from Armenia, China, France, Germany, Israel, Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Slovenia, USA, and Republic of Uzbekistan. Research studies describe the theoretical, methodological and practical issues of regional and regional-sectoral strategies. Research articles and proceedings of the conference published in this collection are useful for researchers and scientists, practitioners in the field of strategizing, as well as postgraduates, graduates students and students of higher educational institutions.

The Collection contains selected research articles and proceedings of participants of the session «Kuzbass Region Strategic Universitarium» of the Fouth International Research-to-Practice Conference «Strategizing: Theory and Practice». The Kuzbass Region session of the conference is attended by members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, professors, doctors of sciences, PhD candidates, postgraduate students and graduates, researchers and professionals in the field of strategizing, heads of industrial enterprises of various levels and industries from many regions of Russia, including from Moscow, Kuzbass Region, St. Petersburg, as well as foreign researchers from Armenia, China, France, Germany, Israel, Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Slovenia, USA, and Republic of Uzbekistan. Research studies describe the theoretical, methodological and practical issues of regional and regional-sectoral strategies. Research articles and proceedings of the conference published in this collection are useful for researchers and scientists, practitioners in the field of strategizing, as well as postgraduates, graduates students and students of higher educational institutions.

This bio–bibliographic index continues a series of publications dedicated to outstanding scientists – graduates and professors of the Russian State Agricultural Academy – the K.A. Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. Yu.A. Yuldashbayev - Professor, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, made a huge contribution to the development of domestic animal science, the creation of new breeding achievements, the development of innovative technologies for the production and processing of sheep products and goat breeding. This publication fully reflects the multifaceted and successful activities of Yu.A. Yuldashbayev and includes a description of his works grouped in chronological order. For the convenience of using the materials presented in the publication, the compilers have prepared an alphabetical index of works. The index is intended for all students and teachers of the Academy who are interested in the scientific and pedagogical activities of Professor Yu.A. Yuldashbayev, whose works have received recognition among scientists and production workers in our country and

The book of includes abstracts of the ninth Russian conference "Computational experiment in aeroacoustics and aerodynamics" held September 26 - October 1, 2022. The organizer of the conference is the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences. With the support of the of the World-Class Research Center “Supersonic” and the Baltic Federal University named after Immanuel Kant. The materials included in the book are devoted to modern approaches to numerical modeling of noise and the prospects for their application to solve actual industrial-oriented problems of aeroacoustics and aerodynamics, including the dynamics of unsteady turbulent flows that create pulsating loads on the surface of an aircraft and participate in the formation of acoustic sources.

The results of fi eld and laboratory studies of multilayer archaeological sites on the territory of Montenegro, conducted by a joint expedition of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS and the Center for Archaeological Research of the Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts in 2008–2021, are presented. The main objects of study were the Bioče and Mališina Stijena sites, as well as the Trlica Cave. The paper presents data on the lithology and stratigraphy of the sites Pleistocene deposits, paleontology and archaeology, the dynamics of the Middle and Upper Paleolithic cultural traditions in the Eastern Adriatic. The publication is addressed to archaeologists, paleontologists, as well as to all those interested in the ancient history of the southeastern part of Europe.

The collective monograph is written by disciples and colleagues of N. M. Solntseva. The edition features a wide range of literary phenomena and writers’ names of the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries (the creative works of F. Dostoevsky, M. Gorky, Z. Gippius, S. Sergeev-Tsensky, I. Shmelev, A. Blok, A. Gaidar, V. Shalamov etc.) and of the second half of the 20th century (the heritage of E. Kropivnitsky, V. Makanin, P. Sanaev, N. Abgaryan etc.). All the studied issues are related with the field of prof. N. M. Solntseva’s literary research. The long-term creative communication with her has been an origin of inspiration for the authors of these researches. The participants of the book sought to reflect the profoundness and the breadth of academic interests of their colleague and teacher. Every chapter in some way or another bears the imprint of the abundant and versatile personality of the anniversarian, whose name in literary studies became a symbol not only of an analytical philological excellence, but of an unsurpassed stylistic mastery too.

The second book of collected scholarly articles The Work of Mayakovsky: Vladimir Mayakovsky in the Context of World Culture is a continuation of the series of scholarly publications that accompanies the publication of The Complete Works of V.V. Mayakovsky (20 volumes). Articles by Russian and foreign scholars deal with the poetics of Mayakovsky’s works, textual criticism used on his works, his multifaceted creative connection to other authors, the reception of his poems, new ways to understand the features of the literary processes of the 1910s — 1920s, and previously unknown archival material. Several of the articles are dedicated to the 90th year since the birth of A.M. Ushakov (1930–2018), the irreplaceable director of the group of scholars preparing The Complete Works of Mayakovsky (20 volumes) at the A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This book is intended for Russian twentieth century literature specialists as well as college teachers and their students in the humanities.

Rutherford extended his satellite model to encompass an explanation of the alpha decay of radioactive nuclei, which was abruptly disproven in the summer of 1928 by Russian theoretical physicist George Gamow, while visiting Max Born’s institute in Göttingen, and simultaneously by English theoretical physicist Ronald Gurney and American theoretical physicist Edward Condon at Princeton University, who showed that alpha decay is a quantum-mechanical tunneling phenomenon. That December, Gamow, now in Bohr’s institute in Copenhagen, also conceived the liquid-drop model of the nucleus, which he presented in January 1929 at a meeting of the Royal Society in London, and which he discussed that April at the first of Bohr’s annual conferences in Copenhagen. He developed that model further in the 1929–30 academic year at the Cavendish and in the 1930–1 academic year in Copenhagen, where he also wrote the first monograph on theoretical nuclear physics in which he cleverly expressed his doubt that electrons are present in nuclei.

The publication is based on a comparison of the variants of the “estate topos” in the works of Russian literature and literature of other nations of the late 19th — early 21st centuries with their real-empirical prototypes, living in the memory and imagination of the creators of artistic images. On the material of the works by L.N. Tolstoy, A.P. Chekhov, I.A. Bunin, G.I. Chulkov, E.N. Chirikov, A.A. Akhmatova, V.V. Nabokov, M.M. Prishvin, S.N. Durylin, B.L. Pasternak, E.R. Dombrovskaya and other Russian writers, the authors of this monography find out the regularities of the transformation of the real elements of the estate complex and facts of author’s biographies into the details of the subject depiction and the multilayered symbolism of the world of the artistic work. The comparative aspect seriously presented in the book allows us to emphasize in the “estate topos” universal features that are relevant both for Russian literature and for the literature of Spain, Italy, England, France, Ukraine and other countries since Antiquity. The authors also continue to consider the phenomenon of dacha in Russian literature and culture, and begin an analysis of the elements of the “dacha topos” and the discourses that fill it. The сollective monograph contains articles by 23 authors, distributed in 6 problem- thematic sections, reflecting the most important “vectors of creative transformation” of empirical reality: innovations in the field of poetics of artistic works, analysis of ego-documents and artefacts, interdisciplinary integration, comparative parallels, etc. The publication is intended both for specialists (academics, teachers, research students and undergraduates) and for the general reader interested in the place of the Russian estate in literature and in world culture.

This is the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Environmental Report for the CBC Programme Kolarctic 2021–2027 in the Russian territory. It has been undertaken by a consortium managed by the Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences on behalf of Managing Authority of Kolarctic CBC. The report includes recommendations on the prevention and reduction of negative environmental impact and activities supporting the Russian program territory development. This report is recommended to take into account applicants and future project partners in the applications development for the period 2021–2027. Disclaimer. The Strategic Environmental Assessment was carried out by the Consortium of Experts for the Russian programme area and does not cover the entire geographic area of the Russian Arctic, to which it, in particular, belongs. The environmental assessment of the indicated area was carried out taking into account the policy objectives, Interreg specific objective, and their corresponding specific objectives selected by the Programming Committee for the period 2021–2027. Preparing the report, the Consortium took into account the current draft documents of the Kolarctic CBC Programme 2021–2027 provided by the Managing Authority, as well as analytic materials and other documents related to the studied territory that the Consortium has available in connection with its activities. This version of report is a subject to regular revision and updates as the key Programme documents are under development. The regulating document between the Consortium (Consultant) and the Managing Authority (Client) is the Consultancy agreement dated 03.06.2021 (Consultancy Agreement –– Strategic Environmental Assessment).

This book presents the outcomes of the research project on “The New Silk Road: Implications for higher education and research cooperation between China and Europe.” It addresses questions regarding how academic mobility and cooperation is taking shape along the New Silk Road and what difference it will make in the global higher education landscape. It presents a rich collection of contributions by scholars from Europe, China, the USA, Russia, and Australia, combining perspectives from anthropology, computer sciences, economics, education, history, law, political science, philosophy, science and technology studies, sinology, and sociology. Introductory chapters present the global context for the NSR, the development of Chinese universities along international models, and the history and outcomes of EU–China cooperation. The flows and patterns in academic cooperation along the New Silk Road as they shape and have been shaped by China’s universities are explored in more detail in the following chapters. The conditions for Sino-foreign cooperation are discussed next, with an analysis of regulatory frameworks for cooperation, recognition, data, and privacy. Comparative work follows on the cultural traditions and academic values, similarities and differences between Sinic and Anglo-American political and educational cultures, and their implications for the governance and mission of higher education, the role of critical scholarship, and the state and standing of the humanities in China. The book concludes with contributions focusing on the “Idea of a University”; the values underpinning its mission, shape, and purpose, reflecting on the implications of China’s rapid higher education development for the geo-politics of higher education itself.

In the collective monography the actual problem of contemporary perception of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 is considered – both in Russian literature, literature of the peoples of Russian Federation and in literatures of foreign countries. The authors’ attention is focused on the most characteristic features and the main trends in interpretation of military topics in a broad chronological framework: they cover not only the years of World War II, but also the pre-war and post-war peri- ods. The book touches upon such important issues as the attitude of A.M. Gorky to the war, the role of writers who became front-line correspondents, their diaries, notebooks and memoirs as primary sources of literary works. The features of the interpretation of military theme in Russian émigré literature, the attitude of Russian émigré writers to fascism, their participation in French Resistance movement are analyzed. There are also articles devoted to perception of the experience of World War II and its consequences in literatures of foreign countries. The subject of articles covers not only individual works, but also affects the sources and textual aspects of the study of the problems under discussion. It includes a comparative analysis of archival materials and features of their reflection in war poetry and prose. A large number of previously unknown documents is introduced into scientific circulation. Here lies the novelty of the collective monography and its main difference from the previously published works on military theme in literature. The authors analyzed the manuscripts from various archives: of A.M. Gorky, A.P. Platonov, A.N. Tolstoy, IMLI RAN, FSB, materials of the Soviet Academy of Sciences Commission on His- tory of the Great Patriotic war. The book includes five parts. This division is due to desire to reflect the diversity of genres in literature devoted to the war, its importance in contemporary historical context, its international character and how the theme of war analyzed by literary critics from different countries. In some articles the prose of war participants is analyzed, at the same time its originality, documentary character, aspiration to epic meaning is noted. Generally speaking, this book touches on the problem of contem- porary understanding of the events of war in literature in comparison with how this topic was interpreted earlier.

This book examines how states integrate cyber capabilities with other instruments of power to achieve foreign policy outcomes. Given North Korea’s use of cyber intrusions to threaten the international community and extort funds for its elites, Chinese espionage and the theft of government records through the Office of Personal Management (OPM) hack, and the Russian hack on the 2016 US election, this book is a timely contribution to debates about power and influence in the 21st century. Its goal is to understand how states apply cyber means to achieve political ends, a topic speculated and imagined, but investigated with very little analytical rigor. Following on Valeriano and Maness’s (2015) book, Cyber War versus Cyber Realities: Cyber Conflict in the International System, this new study explores how states apply cyber strategies, using empirical evidence and key theoretical insights largely missed by the academic and strategy community. It investigates cyber strategies in their integrated and isolated contexts, demonstrating that they are useful to managing escalation and sending ambiguous signals, but generally they fail to achieve coercive effect.

This manual contains a critical generalization of the problems of statehood and stateness of the state as a socio-political organism, based on an interdisciplinary systematic approach. The author reveals the problem of statehood and stateness, sovereignty and viability of the state as a complex socio-political organism. Classical and modern approaches to the study of statehood and stateness are presented. The causal model of the factors of statehood, state capacity and sovereignty proposed in this manual, built on the basis of the teleological concept, can serve as a useful tool for understanding and solving the problems of ensuring the viability and sustainable development of the state in the face of modern global challenges. The manual will be useful to students and graduate students studying social and political sciences, and all those interested in the theory of state formations. The electronic manual "Foundations and factors of the stateness of the modern state: an interdisciplinary study" was prepared as part of the state assignment for the Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences for 2022.

An account, primarily academic, of the eastern Roman frontier extending from northern Syria to the western Caucasus, across a remote and desolate region 800 miles from the Aegean. This is the product of solo exploration of sensitive territory in challenging conditions over four decades, to discover the material remains of Rome’s last unexplored frontier. Barely visited and until now effectively unknown, it followed the Euphrates valley, passed over and through two great ranges, and penetrated the harsh mountains, ‘cleansed’ of Armenians and Greeks, of Armenia Minor and south of the Black Sea. From Trapezus a chain of forts stretched along the Pontic coast to the foothills of the Caucasus. The geographical framework introduces frontier installations as they occur: fortresses and forts, roads, bridges, signalling stations, and navigation of the Euphrates. It is illustrated with large-scale maps, observations of consuls and travellers, memories of Turkish and Kurdish villagers, notes and photographs of a way of life little changed since antiquity, and encounters with the modern world. The process of discovery was mainly on foot, with local guides and staying in villages, following ancient tracks, and conversing with great numbers of people – provincial and district governors, village elders and teachers, police and jandarma, farmers and shepherds, and everyone else. So there are encounters with treasure hunters and apparent bandits; arrests and death threats; Armenian massacres and crypto-Christians; memories of saints, caravans and the Russian advance in 1916; tensions between Kurds and Turks; the menace of the PKK; escorts and village guards; birds, bears and wild boars; rafts and fishing; earthquakes.

This book presents a new stage in the contributions of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) to the development of Competition Law and policy. These countries have significant influence in their respective regions and in the world. The changing global environment means greater political and economic role for the BRICS and other emerging countries. BRICS countries are expected to contribute nearly half of all global gross domestic product growth by 2020. For more than a century, the path of Competition Law has been defined by the developed and industrialized countries of the world. Much later, developing countries and emerging economies came on the scene. They experience many of the old competition problems, but they also experience new problems, and experience even the old problems differently. Where are the fora to talk about Competition Law and policy fit for developing and emerging economies? The contributors in this book are well-known academic and practising economists and lawyers from both developed and developing countries. The chapters begin with a brief introduction of the topic, followed by a critical discussion and a conclusion. Accordingly, each chapter is organized around a central argument made by its author(s) in relation to the issue or case study discussed. These arguments are thoughtful, precise, and very different from each another. Each chapter is written to be a valuable freestanding contribution to our collective wisdom. The set of case studies as a whole helps to build a collection of different perspectives on competition policy.

This chapter examines the state of computational propaganda in Ukraine, focusing on two major dimensions: Ukraine’s response to the challenges of external information attacks, and the use of computational propaganda in internal political communication. Based on interviews with Ukrainian media experts, academics, industry insiders, and bot developers, the chapter explores the scale of the issue and identifies the most common tactics, instruments, and approaches for the deployment of political bots online. The cases described illustrate the misconceptions about fake accounts, paid online commentators, and automated scripts, as well as the threats of malicious online activities. First, we explain how bots operate in the internal political and media environment of the country and provide examples of typical campaigns. Second, we analyze the case of the MH17 tragedy as an illustrative example of Russia’s purposeful disinformation campaign against Ukraine, which has a distinctive social media component. Finally, responses to computational propaganda are scrutinized, including alleged governmental attacks on Ukrainian journalists, which reveal that civil society and grassroots movements have great potential to stand up to the perils of computational propaganda.

Historically, strategic restraint was the dominant approach among nations active in outer space, all of whom understood that continued access to and use of space required holding back on threats or activities which might jeopardize the status quo of peace in space. However, recently there has been a discernible shift in international rhetoric toward a more offensive approach to defense in space. The US move toward establishing a “Space Force” has been echoed by similar announcements in France and Japan. India launched an antisatellite weapon test and announced proudly that it thereby joined the elite group of China, Russia, and the United States, who have all demonstrated this capability in the past. As technologies in space advance, along with our terrestrial dependence on space-based systems for our peaceful civilian lives and for support of terrestrial warfare, the political stability of this vulnerable environment comes under threat. These factors, combined with a lack of transparency about actual capabilities and intentions on the part of all major players in space, creates a cyclical escalation which has led some commentators to describe this as a return to a Cold War–type arms race and to the foreseeability of a space-based conflict. Due to many unique characteristics of the space domain, an armed conflict in space would be catastrophic for all players, including neutral States, commercial actors, and international civil society. Due to the specificity of the space domain, specialized expertise must be provided to decision makers, and interdisciplinary opinions must be sought from a multitude of stakeholders. To that end, this volume provides a wide spectrum of perspectives from experts who have engaged together at a conference hosted by the Center for Ethics in the Rule of Law to discuss these issues. Ethical, legal, and policy solutions are offered here by those with experience in the space sector, including academia, legal practitioners, military lawyers and operators, diplomats, and policy advisers.

Nationalism: Past as Prologue began as a single volume being compiled by Ad Akande, a scholar from South Africa, who proposed it to me as co-author about two years ago. The original idea was to examine how the damaging roots of nationalism have been corroding political systems around the world, and creating dangerous obstacles for necessary international cooperation. Since I (Bruce E. Johansen) has written profusely about climate change (global warming, a.k.a. infrared forcing), I suggested a concerted effort in that direction. This is a worldwide existential threat that affects every living thing on Earth. It often compounds upon itself, so delays in reducing emissions of fossil fuels are shortening the amount of time remaining to eliminate the use of fossil fuels to preserve a livable planet. Nationalism often impedes solutions to this problem (among many others), as nations place their singular needs above the common good. Our initial proposal got around, and abstracts on many subjects arrived. Within a few weeks, we had enough good material for a 100,000-word book. The book then fattened to two moderate volumes and then to four two very hefty tomes. We tried several different titles as good submissions swelled. We also discovered that our best contributors were experts in their fields, which ranged the world. We settled on three stand-alone books:” 1/ nationalism and racial justice. Our first volume grew as the growth of Black Lives Matter following the brutal killing of George Floyd ignited protests over police brutality and other issues during 2020, following the police assassination of Floyd in Minneapolis. It is estimated that more people took part in protests of police brutality during the summer of 2020 than any other series of marches in United States history. This includes upheavals during the 1960s over racial issues and against the war in Southeast Asia (notably Vietnam). We choose a volume on racism because it is one of nationalism’s main motive forces. This volume provides a worldwide array of work on nationalism’s growth in various countries, usually by authors residing in them, or in the United States with ethnic ties to the nation being examined, often recent immigrants to the United States from them. Our roster of contributors comprises a small United Nations of insightful, well-written research and commentary from Indonesia, New Zealand, Australia, China, India, South Africa, France, Portugal, Estonia, Hungary, Russia, Poland, Kazakhstan, Georgia, and the United States. Volume 2 (this one) describes and analyzes nationalism, by country, around the world, except for the United States; and 3/material directly related to President Donald Trump, and the United States. The first volume is under consideration at the Texas A & M University Press. The other two are under contract to Nova Science Publishers (which includes social sciences). These three volumes may be used individually or as a set. Environmental material is taken up in appropriate places in each of the three books. * * * * * What became the United States of America has been strongly nationalist since the English of present-day Massachusetts and Jamestown first hit North America’s eastern shores. The country propelled itself across North America with the self-serving ideology of “manifest destiny” for four centuries before Donald Trump came along. Anyone who believes that a Trumpian affection for deportation of “illegals” is a new thing ought to take a look at immigration and deportation statistics in Adam Goodman’s The Deportation Machine: America’s Long History of Deporting Immigrants (Princeton University Press, 2020). Between 1920 and 2018, the United States deported 56.3 million people, compared with 51.7 million who were granted legal immigration status during the same dates. Nearly nine of ten deportees were Mexican (Nolan, 2020, 83). This kind of nationalism, has become an assassin of democracy as well as an impediment to solving global problems. Paul Krugman wrote in the New York Times (2019:A-25): that “In their 2018 book, How Democracies Die, the political scientists Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt documented how this process has played out in many countries, from Vladimir Putin’s Russia, to Recep Erdogan’s Turkey, to Viktor Orban’s Hungary. Add to these India’s Narendra Modi, China’s Xi Jinping, and the United States’ Donald Trump, among others. Bit by bit, the guardrails of democracy have been torn down, as institutions meant to serve the public became tools of ruling parties and self-serving ideologies, weaponized to punish and intimidate opposition parties’ opponents. On paper, these countries are still democracies; in practice, they have become one-party regimes….And it’s happening here [the United States] as we speak. If you are not worried about the future of American democracy, you aren’t paying attention” (Krugmam, 2019, A-25). We are reminded continuously that the late Carl Sagan, one of our most insightful scientific public intellectuals, had an interesting theory about highly developed civilizations. Given the number of stars and planets that must exist in the vast reaches of the universe, he said, there must be other highly developed and organized forms of life. Distance may keep us from making physical contact, but Sagan said that another reason we may never be on speaking terms with another intelligent race is (judging from our own example) could be their penchant for destroying themselves in relatively short order after reaching technological complexity. This book’s chapters, introduction, and conclusion examine the worldwide rise of partisan nationalism and the damage it has wrought on the worldwide pursuit of solutions for issues requiring worldwide scope, such scientific co-operation public health and others, mixing analysis of both. We use both historical description and analysis. This analysis concludes with a description of why we must avoid the isolating nature of nationalism that isolates people and encourages separation if we are to deal with issues of world-wide concern, and to maintain a sustainable, survivable Earth, placing the dominant political movement of our time against the Earth’s existential crises. Our contributors, all experts in their fields, each have assumed responsibility for a country, or two if they are related. This work entwines themes of worldwide concern with the political growth of nationalism because leaders with such a worldview are disinclined to co-operate internationally at a time when nations must find ways to solve common problems, such as the climate crisis. Inability to cooperate at this stage may doom everyone, eventually, to an overheated, stormy future plagued by droughts and deluges portending shortages of food and other essential commodities, meanwhile destroying large coastal urban areas because of rising sea levels. Future historians may look back at our time and wonder why as well as how our world succumbed to isolating nationalism at a time when time was so short for cooperative intervention which is crucial for survival of a sustainable earth. Pride in language and culture is salubrious to individuals’ sense of history and identity. Excess nationalism that prevents international co-operation on harmful worldwide maladies is quite another. As Pope Francis has pointed out: For all of our connectivity due to expansion of social media, ability to communicate can breed contempt as well as mutual trust. “For all our hyper-connectivity,” said Francis, “We witnessed a fragmentation that made it more difficult to resolve problems that affect us all” (Horowitz, 2020, A-12). The pope’s encyclical, titled “Brothers All,” also said: “The forces of myopic, extremist, resentful, and aggressive nationalism are on the rise.” The pope’s document also advocates support for migrants, as well as resistance to nationalist and tribal populism. Francis broadened his critique to the role of market capitalism, as well as nationalism has failed the peoples of the world when they need co-operation and solidarity in the face of the world-wide corona virus pandemic. Humankind needs to unite into “a new sense of the human family [Fratelli Tutti, “Brothers All”], that rejects war at all costs” (Pope, 2020, 6-A). Our journey takes us first to Russia, with the able eye and honed expertise of Richard D. Anderson, Jr. who teaches as UCLA and publishes on the subject of his chapter: “Putin, Russian identity, and Russia’s conduct at home and abroad.” Readers should find Dr. Anderson’s analysis fascinating because Vladimir Putin, the singular leader of Russian foreign and domestic policy these days (and perhaps for the rest of his life, given how malleable Russia’s Constitution has become) may be a short man physically, but has high ambitions. One of these involves restoring the old Russian (and Soviet) empire, which would involve re-subjugating a number of nations that broke off as the old order dissolved about 30 years ago. President (shall we say czar?) Putin also has international ambitions, notably by destabilizing the United States, where election meddling has become a specialty. The sight of Putin and U.S. president Donald Trump, two very rich men (Putin $70-$200 billion; Trump $2.5 billion), nuzzling in friendship would probably set Thomas Jefferson and Vladimir Lenin spinning in their graves. The road of history can take some unanticipated twists and turns. Consider Poland, from which we have an expert native analysis in chapter 2, Bartosz Hlebowicz, who is a Polish anthropologist and journalist. His piece is titled “Lawless and Unjust: How to Quickly Make Your Own Country a Puppet State Run by a Group of Hoodlums – the Hopeless Case of Poland (2015–2020).” When I visited Poland to teach and lecture twice between 2006 and 2008, most people seemed to be walking on air induced by freedom to conduct their own affairs to an unusual degree for a state usually squeezed between nationalists in Germany and Russia. What did the Poles then do in a couple of decades? Read Hlebowicz’ chapter and decide. It certainly isn’t soft-bellied liberalism. In Chapter 3, with Bruce E. Johansen, we visit China’s western provinces, the lands of Tibet as well as the Uighurs and other Muslims in the Xinjiang region, who would most assuredly resent being characterized as being possessed by the Chinese of the Han to the east. As a student of Native American history, I had never before thought of the Tibetans and Uighurs as Native peoples struggling against the Independence-minded peoples of a land that is called an adjunct of China on most of our maps. The random act of sitting next to a young woman on an Air India flight out of Hyderabad, bound for New Delhi taught me that the Tibetans had something to share with the Lakota, the Iroquois, and hundreds of other Native American states and nations in North America. Active resistance to Chinese rule lasted into the mid-nineteenth century, and continues today in a subversive manner, even in song, as I learned in 2018 when I acted as a foreign adjudicator on a Ph.D. dissertation by a Tibetan student at the University of Madras (in what is now in a city called Chennai), in southwestern India on resistance in song during Tibet’s recent history. Tibet is one of very few places on Earth where a young dissident can get shot to death for singing a song that troubles China’s Quest for Lebensraum. The situation in Xinjiang region, where close to a million Muslims have been interned in “reeducation” camps surrounded with brick walls and barbed wire. They sing, too. Come with us and hear the music. Back to Europe now, in Chapter 4, to Portugal and Spain, we find a break in the general pattern of nationalism. Portugal has been more progressive governmentally than most. Spain varies from a liberal majority to military coups, a pattern which has been exported to Latin America. A situation such as this can make use of the term “populism” problematic, because general usage in our time usually ties the word into a right-wing connotative straightjacket. “Populism” can be used to describe progressive (left-wing) insurgencies as well. José Pinto, who is native to Portugal and also researches and writes in Spanish as well as English, in “Populism in Portugal and Spain: a Real Neighbourhood?” provides insight into these historical paradoxes. Hungary shares some historical inclinations with Poland (above). Both emerged from Soviet dominance in an air of developing freedom and multicultural diversity after the Berlin Wall fell and the Soviet Union collapsed. Then, gradually at first, right wing-forces began to tighten up, stripping structures supporting popular freedom, from the courts, mass media, and other institutions. In Chapter 5, Bernard Tamas, in “From Youth Movement to Right-Liberal Wing Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fidesz and the Decline of Hungarian Democracy” puts the renewed growth of political and social repression into a context of worldwide nationalism. Tamas, an associate professor of political science at Valdosta State University, has been a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University and a Fulbright scholar at the Central European University in Budapest, Hungary. His books include From Dissident to Party Politics: The Struggle for Democracy in Post-Communist Hungary (2007). Bear in mind that not everyone shares Orbán’s vision of what will make this nation great, again. On graffiti-covered walls in Budapest, Runes (traditional Hungarian script) has been found that read “Orbán is a motherfucker” (Mikanowski, 2019, 58). Also in Europe, in Chapter 6, Professor Ronan Le Coadic, of the University of Rennes, Rennes, France, in “Is There a Revival of French Nationalism?” Stating this title in the form of a question is quite appropriate because France’s nationalistic shift has built and ebbed several times during the last few decades. For a time after 2000, it came close to assuming the role of a substantial minority, only to ebb after that. In 2017, the candidate of the National Front reached the second round of the French presidential election. This was the second time this nationalist party reached the second round of the presidential election in the history of the Fifth Republic. In 2002, however, Jean-Marie Le Pen had only obtained 17.79% of the votes, while fifteen years later his daughter, Marine Le Pen, almost doubled her father's record, reaching 33.90% of the votes cast. Moreover, in the 2019 European elections, re-named Rassemblement National obtained the largest number of votes of all French political formations and can therefore boast of being "the leading party in France.” The brutality of oppressive nationalism may be expressed in personal relationships, such as child abuse. While Indonesia and Aotearoa [the Maoris’ name for New Zealand] hold very different ranks in the United Nations Human Development Programme assessments, where Indonesia is classified as a medium development country and Aotearoa New Zealand as a very high development country. In Chapter 7, “Domestic Violence Against Women in Indonesia and Aotearoa New Zealand: Making Sense of Differences and Similarities” co-authors, in Chapter 8, Mandy Morgan and Dr. Elli N. Hayati, from New Zealand and Indonesia respectively, found that despite their socio-economic differences, one in three women in each country experience physical or sexual intimate partner violence over their lifetime. In this chapter ther authors aim to deepen understandings of domestic violence through discussion of the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of theit countries to address domestic violence alongside studies of women’s attitudes to gender norms and experiences of intimate partner violence. One of the most surprising and upsetting scholarly journeys that a North American student may take involves Adolf Hitler’s comments on oppression of American Indians and Blacks as he imagined the construction of the Nazi state, a genesis of nationalism that is all but unknown in the United States of America, traced in this volume (Chapter 8) by co-editor Johansen. Beginning in Mein Kampf, during the 1920s, Hitler explicitly used the westward expansion of the United States across North America as a model and justification for Nazi conquest and anticipated colonization by Germans of what the Nazis called the “wild East” – the Slavic nations of Poland, the Baltic states, Ukraine, and Russia, most of which were under control of the Soviet Union. The Volga River (in Russia) was styled by Hitler as the Germans’ Mississippi, and covered wagons were readied for the German “manifest destiny” of imprisoning, eradicating, and replacing peoples the Nazis deemed inferior, all with direct references to events in North America during the previous century. At the same time, with no sense of contradiction, the Nazis partook of a long-standing German romanticism of Native Americans. One of Goebbels’ less propitious schemes was to confer honorary Aryan status on Native American tribes, in the hope that they would rise up against their oppressors. U.S. racial attitudes were “evidence [to the Nazis] that America was evolving in the right direction, despite its specious rhetoric about equality.” Ming Xie, originally from Beijing, in the People’s Republic of China, in Chapter 9, “News Coverage and Public Perceptions of the Social Credit System in China,” writes that The State Council of China in 2014 announced “that a nationwide social credit system would be established” in China. “Under this system, individuals, private companies, social organizations, and governmental agencies are assigned a score which will be calculated based on their trustworthiness and daily actions such as transaction history, professional conduct, obedience to law, corruption, tax evasion, and academic plagiarism.” The “nationalism” in this case is that of the state over the individual. China has 1.4 billion people; this system takes their measure for the purpose of state control. Once fully operational, control will be more subtle. People who are subject to it, through modern technology (most often smart phones) will prompt many people to self-censor. Orwell, modernized, might write: “Your smart phone is watching you.” Ming Xie holds two Ph.Ds, one in Public Administration from University of Nebraska at Omaha and another in Cultural Anthropology from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, where she also worked for more than 10 years at a national think tank in the same institution. While there she summarized news from non-Chinese sources for senior members of the Chinese Communist Party. Ming is presently an assistant professor at the Department of Political Science and Criminal Justice, West Texas A&M University. In Chapter 10, analyzing native peoples and nationhood, Barbara Alice Mann, Professor of Honours at the University of Toledo, in “Divide, et Impera: The Self-Genocide Game” details ways in which European-American invaders deprive the conquered of their sense of nationhood as part of a subjugation system that amounts to genocide, rubbing out their languages and cultures -- and ultimately forcing the native peoples to assimilate on their own, for survival in a culture that is foreign to them. Mann is one of Native American Studies’ most acute critics of conquests’ contradictions, and an author who retrieves Native history with a powerful sense of voice and purpose, having authored roughly a dozen books and numerous book chapters, among many other works, who has traveled around the world lecturing and publishing on many subjects. Nalanda Roy and S. Mae Pedron in Chapter 11, “Understanding the Face of Humanity: The Rohingya Genocide.” describe one of the largest forced migrations in the history of the human race, the removal of 700,000 to 800,000 Muslims from Buddhist Myanmar to Bangladesh, which itself is already one of the most crowded and impoverished nations on Earth. With about 150 million people packed into an area the size of Nebraska and Iowa (population less than a tenth that of Bangladesh, a country that is losing land steadily to rising sea levels and erosion of the Ganges river delta. The Rohingyas’ refugee camp has been squeezed onto a gigantic, eroding, muddy slope that contains nearly no vegetation. However, Bangladesh is majority Muslim, so while the Rohingya may starve, they won’t be shot to death by marauding armies. Both authors of this exquisite (and excruciating) account teach at Georgia Southern University in Savannah, Georgia, Roy as an associate professor of International Studies and Asian politics, and Pedron as a graduate student; Roy originally hails from very eastern India, close to both Myanmar and Bangladesh, so he has special insight into the context of one of the most brutal genocides of our time, or any other. This is our case describing the problems that nationalism has and will pose for the sustainability of the Earth as our little blue-and-green orb becomes more crowded over time. The old ways, in which national arguments often end in devastating wars, are obsolete, given that the Earth and all the people, plants, and other animals that it sustains are faced with the existential threat of a climate crisis that within two centuries, more or less, will flood large parts of coastal cities, and endanger many species of plants and animals. To survive, we must listen to the Earth, and observe her travails, because they are increasingly our own.

This collective monograph validates the relevance of the complex concept of “Transformational Revolutions” introduced here for the first time in academic circulation, which essentially expands the perspective of revolutionary origins and outcomes in Central and South-Eastern Europe. The authors analyze the prerequisites, course, and results of transformational revolutions in the countries of the region during the thirty-year period of their modern history. The studies describe the features of post-socialist modernization and the domestic and foreign political crises inherent in each country, the pros and cons of their involvement in the processes of European integration, and the benefits of joining NATO. The previously used term, “Velvet” revolution, does not cover the entire set of fundamental transformations in these countries in domestic and foreign policy. The researchers underline the specifics of a democratic political structure combined with a market economy for the countries in the region, with particular emphasis on ideological and political confrontation between the forces of the left and right in the framework of a multiparty system, and characterize the mechanism of changes in power during elections. They portray the correlation of euro-optimism and euro-scepticism in different countries, and their opposition to the dictates of Brussels. The authors emphasize that not only the Soviet perestroika, but also the various versions of revolution in the countries of the region led to the reformatting of the European and even global civilizational space. They reveal that many events of 30 years ago still determine the course of current events in the countries of the region and these countries may have incomplete transformation processes. The authors for the first time conduct a comparative analysis of the inclusion of the former GDR as part of a single German state in the EU and the divergent processes in the former socialist federations of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. They pay special attention to the relationship between European, regional, and national components in the course of the revolutions and also the resulting conflicts. The authors also examine the specifics of the entry of Central European countries and later the Balkan subregions into NATO and the EU, and the role played by religious-cultural factors in individual countries. This monograph examines the lessons of Greece's recovery from the financial and economic crisis, as well as on Turkey's special Balkan interest in a larger Euro-Asian context. These revolutions are investigated from a comparative historical point of view with the reasons, processes, and results of the deep changes in the countries of Central and South-Eastern Europe during their 30-year modern history analyzed. In addition, their experiences of post-socialist modernization, which includes their search and elaboration of optimal models for interaction among themselves as well as with the countries of the East, particularly Russia, and West, is described, and hindering factors are identified.