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1
Seržant, Ilja A. "The Independent Partitive as an Eastern Circum-Baltic isogloss." Journal of Language Contact 8, no. 2 (February 27, 2015): 341–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-00802006.
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The paper claims that the independent partitive case in Finnic languages and the independent partitive genitive case in Baltic and East Slavic (henceforth: ip(g)) show considerable correlations that cannot be accounted for but by language contact. Given that both the ip(g) in Baltic and East Slavic as well as the ip(g) in Finnic are inherited from the respective proto-languages, the paper also offers a methodological discussion of how inherited categories may also be shown to be subject to language contact. A typologically not infrequent category must be individualized on the basis of a list of properties. Thus, 13 semantic and 5 morphosyntactic properties have been discussed. While the study reveals that in general the ip(g) is or was subject to intensive language contact, there is no common hotbed for all properties analysed and different properties have different hotbeds and are distinct with respect to their geographical distribution and entrenchment. North Russian and Finnic show the greatest degree of correspondence as, e.g., the aspectuality related functions of the ip(g) or the morphological distinction between the possession (sensu lato) and the partitive-related functions are concerned. Here, Finnic is the donor language. However, other properties such as the semantic and syntactic merger of the acc and ip(g) marking must have spread from Russian to Finnic and, to some extent, Baltic. Similarly, the genitive/partitive-under-negation probably developed first in Baltic and Slavic and spread then into Finnic, since preconditions for this rule are already found in the ancient Indo-European languages. Finnic, however, preserves this rule best.
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Zavyalova, Maria. "Milestones in Baltic Studies in Moscow." Yearbook of Balkan and Baltic Studies 3 (December 2020): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ybbs3.07.
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The article describes the history of research on Baltic languages in Moscow from the second half of the 19th century, when the Lithuanian language began to be taught at Moscow University. At different times, the Moscow State University, the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the “Baltrušaitis House” at the Embassy of the Republic of Lithuania in the Russian Federation, and the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences were the centers of research on Baltic studies in Moscow. The article describes the main directions in development of Balto-Slavic studies in Moscow, gives the names of prominent scholars in this field and provides a bibliography of the major publications.
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Pandžić, Zvonko. "Von Coimbra nach Tobol’sk." Historiographia Linguistica 44, no. 1 (July 21, 2017): 72–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.44.1.03pan.
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Summary Worldwide missionary activities from the 16th century onward were not limited to the New World and overseas in general, but also in East Central Europe in the wake of sectarian struggles following the Reformation. Soon after the Tridentine Council (1545–1563), the Jesuits spread their activities to all countries between the Baltic and Adriatic Seas. Not only Catholic but also Lutheran and Calvinist missionaries went to Poland-Lithuania, Hungary, Slovenia, and other countries. The first Polish grammar (Statorius 1568) was published principally for the Calvinist mission in Poland, while the first Slovenian grammar was printed in Wittenberg (Bochorizh 1584) for the use of Lutheran missionaries in the predominantly Catholic Slovenia. This article examines the missionary background and the vernacular character of two further missionary grammars of the Slavic languages. The first Croatian grammar by Bartul Kašić (1575–1650) was printed in Rome for the use of Catholic Jesuit missionaries from Italy working in Illyricum (Kašić 1604). Kašić’s choice of the što-dialect to be the literary norm in missionary publications substantially determined the further standardization history of the Croatian language. Almost a hundred years later H. W. Ludolf (1696) succeeded in printing the first Russian grammar for the Lutheran-Pietistic mission in Muscovy, a milestone on the way to the “refinement” of the Russian vernacular intended by Ludolf to make it the literary language of the Russian Empire. The first grammars of the Slavic vernacular languages can, therefore, be rightly called missionary grammars. This designation also applies to the first grammars of the non-Slavic languages in the Baltic States and Hungary (and, beyond Europe, in the largely Eastern Orthodox Armenia and Ethiopia). Whatever their sect, the authors of these missionary grammars were motivated by rivalry with other Christian denominations in Slavic and non-Slavic speaking countries of the Christian East.
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Nau, Nicole, and Jurgis Pakerys. "Transitivity pairs in Baltic: between Finnic and Slavic." Lingua Posnaniensis 58, no. 2 (December 20, 2016): 83–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/linpo-2016-0011.
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AbstractIn this paper we examine transitivity pairs in the two modern Baltic languages Lithuanian and Latvian and compare them to neighbouring Finnic (Finnish, Estonian) and Slavic (Russian, Polish) languages. In Slavic the main strategy is to derive the intransitive (noncausal) verb from the transitive (causal) verb, while in Finnic we find a high number of derived causatives. Baltic uses both techniques, and in addition, there is a higher number of pairs where either both verbs are marked, or two etymologically related verbs are underived from a synchronic point of view. Differences and similarities across the six languages are investigated, using a list of 20 notions divided into five groups. Special attention is paid to animacy and to the distinction between inchoative and durative noncausal verbs.
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Mullonen, Irma Ivanovna, and Tatjana Vladimirovna Pashkova. "SEMANTIC MODEL “DILIGENT” IN THE BALTIC-FINNIC LANGUAGES." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 14, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2020-14-2-214-221.
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The article presents a semantic-motivational analysis of twenty Baltic-Finnic dialect and literary language words used to nominate a hard-working person. The source of the material was the dialect dictionaries of individual Baltic-Finnish languages and their file cabinets. The data of etymological dictionaries are also involved. The undertaken research was carried out in line with ethnolinguistics, which is developing successfully in Slavic linguistics, despite the fact that practically no such studies were conducted on the material of the Baltic-Finnish languages. Involving as a comparison the corresponding results according to the Russian dialects showed that the linguistic image of the hardworking is characterized by certain universals in the motivation for naming. However, the Baltic-Finnish units differ in their specificity. The nominations of hardworking people are secondary in them and go back to the names, on the one hand, of dynamic qualities ‘quick, brisk, energetic’, on the other hand, spiritual characteristics (‘enthusiastic, passionate, greedy’) that turn out to be etymologically closely related. It was revealed that they correlate with the basics marking fast, sharp, intense movement - from walking to a blow or a gust of wind. At the same time, a significant part of the verbs of this series can be confidently qualified as having a descriptive, onomatopoeic nature, which is also inherited by the names of hard workers. The revealed regularity of semantic evolution (‘quick abrupt movement’ → ‘fast, energetic, passionate’ → ‘hardworking’) is important for establishing the etymological sources of words that represent the idea of hard work, as it defines a certain algorithm for such a search. Now the lexemes representing the established semantic paradigm are actually divorced according to different etymological articles and the connection between them is most often not indicated in any way.
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Korostenskiene, Julija. "On binding, lexical and superlexical prefixes, andsiin the Baltic verb." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 62, no. 3 (January 18, 2017): 449–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2016.38.
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AbstractThe present paper is concerned with a historical puzzle: the changing position of the markersiin the extant Baltic languages, Lithuanian and Latvian.Siappears before the root in prefixed verbs and verb-finally in prefixless verbs in Lithuanian and dialectal Latvian, as opposed to a consistently verb-final position in standard Latvian and in Slavic languages, specifically Russian. This ordering is examined within a larger picture of morpheme linearization – focusing primarily on Lithuanian, but also bringing in Latvian and Latgalian data – to account for the Baltic paradigm. Historically a pronoun,siis argued to have incorporated into the verbal structure, and to maintain nowadays a binding relation with the subject of the sentence. The placement ofsiwithin the verb is shown to depend on two factors: the type of the antecedent and the morphosyntactic composition of the verb. The findings presented here also provide new evidence against the Lexicalist Hypothesis.
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Nau, Nicole, Kirill Kozhanov, Liina Lindström, Asta Laugalienė, and Paweł Brudzyński. "Pseudocoordination with 'take' in Baltic and its neighbours." Baltic Linguistics 10 (December 31, 2019): 237–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.32798/bl.365.
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This paper is the first empirical study of the construction TAKE (and V (“he took and left” = ‘he left suddenly, unexpectedly’) in contemporary Latvian and Lithuanian, carried out on a large sample of corpus data. The results obtained for Baltic are compared with Slavic (Polish, Russian) and Finnic (Estonian, Finnish) data from comparable corpora. It is argued that out of all the languages under consideration, in Baltic the construction is the most frequent and the most fixed in its form, while at the same time being able to appear in various inflectional forms and in various functions. Other languages differ in how they deviate from the Baltic type. It is also shown that its semantics is largely context-dependent, being sensitive to the semantics of the inflectional form, subject and type of the lexical verb.
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Bierzeņš, Aņss Ataols. "„f“ AND „h“ LETTERS' PROBLEM IN LATGALIAN LANGUAGE." Via Latgalica, no. 3 (December 31, 2010): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2010.3.1671.
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<p>In the article is told about the problem of letters’ (and sounds’) f and h in Latgalian language. These sounds have never been in any Latgalian dialect, in foreign words speakers always have been replaced them with other sounds. At the same time letters f and h have been used in written Latgalian at all times: from the first known book „Evangelia toto anno“ to the present day. What to do in this situation: to keep the way of the still alive traditional spoken language, or to yield to the pressure of other languages?</p><p>The author analyzes a variety of sources: tells about reconstructions of source languages and opinions of their researchers about presence/absence of these sounds in them, deals with f in contemporary Eurasian languages (Eastern Slavic: Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian; Finnic: Finnish, Estonian, Vyru; Turkic: Kyrgyz, Kazakh, Chuvash, Yakut; Persian: Pashto; Baltic: Lithuanian, Samogitian) and h in contemporary Eurasian languages (French, Kazakh, Lithuanian, Samogitian). Latgalian and Latvian dialects’ recordings, folk songs, ancient texts (from XVI–XVIII centuries), as well as Latgalian contemporary literature are analyzed. The author also evaluates inclusion of letters f and h in alphabet of the official Latgalian terms of spelling in year 2007.</p><p>Author establishes that there are five possible paths:</p><p>1) to use the f and h in all the words where they are in Latvian, Russian or other languages;</p><p>2) to keep p, k, g and c in traditionally used words, but to put f and h in newly borrowed ones;</p><p>3) do not use the f and h at all;</p><p>4) to use both variants parallely in the same words;</p><p>5) to write f and h, but to pronounce them as p and k.</p><p>Author concludes that the actualy usable are only two of them: the second one – the way of a compromise, and the third one – as the most appropriate to Latgalian phonological system.</p>
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SAVICKIENĖ, INETA, VERA KEMPE, and PATRICIA J. BROOKS. "Acquisition of gender agreement in Lithuanian: Exploring the effect of diminutive usage in an elicited production task." Journal of Child Language 36, no. 3 (January 13, 2009): 477–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000908009100.
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ABSTRACTThis study examines Lithuanian children's acquisition of gender agreement using an elicited production task. Lithuanian is a richly inflected Baltic language, with two genders and seven cases. Younger (N=24, mean 3 ; 1, 2 ; 5–3 ; 8) and older (N=24, mean 6 ; 3, 5 ; 6–6 ; 9) children were shown pictures of animals and asked to describe them after hearing the animal's name. Animal names differed with respect to familiarity (novel vs. familiar), derivational status (diminutive vs. simplex) and gender (masculine vs. feminine). Analyses of gender-agreement errors based on adjective and pronoun usage indicated that younger children made more errors than older children, with errors more prevalent for novel animal names. For novel animals, and for feminine nouns, children produced fewer errors with nouns introduced in diminutive form. These results complement findings from several Slavic languages (Russian, Serbian and Polish) that diminutives constitute a salient cluster of word forms that may provide an entry point for the child's acquisition of noun morphology.
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Albrekht, Fedor B. "On the Problem of Subject Identity in the ‘Adverbial Participle + Main Clause’ Construction in Modern Russian." Slovene 9, no. 2 (2020): 244–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2020.9.2.12.
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The article discusses the subject matching between the adverbial participle construction and the main clause in Russian. Russian normative grammar requires the main clause and the adverbial participle construction within one utterance to express an action or a state of one and the same subject, as the Russian деепричастие (adverbial participle)= is typologically related to an implicit-subject converb. The adverbial participle has developed from a copredicative participle, and now it mostly expresses a subordinate action (or a subordinate state) of the main clause's subject, which has the form of the nominative case. But, according to numerous real language examples, both oral and written, the grammatical subject (if any) in the main clause does not always coincide with the semantic subject of the whole situation. Besides, there are cases when the subjects of the main clause and the adverbial participle construction are different. There exists a wider sphere of semantic and pragmatic relations between participants of the main situation and of the subordinate situation, where the communicative subject, and not the formal one, plays the main role. Several main types of constructions are analysed, in which the semantic and communicative subject, while being the same for both situations, is not expressed by means of the nominative case in the main clause. First, the semantic subject may have the form of the dative case, and that is sometimes = omitted when the subject is clear from the context: Uvidev (see-ADVP.PST) zadaniia, mne (I-DAT) stalo boiazno ‘After seeing the tasks, I became frightened’, Sidia v netoplenoi kvartire, bylo holodno ‘While sitting in the unheated apartment, I (we, etc.) was (were) cold’. Second, there can occur passivisation of the main clause: Vsio eto bylo sdelano (PASS), pod’ezzhaia (approach-ADVP.PRES) k derevne ‘All of this was done (by the author of the sentence) when he was approaching the village’. Third, the semantic subject may be expressed by different possessive constructions: Zakanchivaia (finish-ADVP.PRES) stat’iu, u menia (I-GEN) slomalsia komp’iuter ‘While I was finishing an article, my computer broke down’. The fourth case is represented by the removal of the subject, which is implicit in the given situation: Potrativ (spend-ADVP.PST) vsio na vypivku, na edu ne ostalos ‘Having spent all his/her/our etc. money on booze, nothing was left for food’. In addition, two rare types of using the adverbial participle construction are analysed: 1) when the latter neither morphologically nor semantically relates to the subject of the main clause: Rebionok gladil sobaku, viliaia (wag-ADVP.PRES) hvostom ‘The child caressed the dog (which was) wagging its tail’; 2) when the construction relates to the grammatical object of the main clause: Pozdravliaiu vas, grazhdanin, sovramshi (lie-ADVP.PST) ‘My congratulations, comrade: you’ve just lied!’. While focusing on Russian utterances, the paper also includes data from other Slavic (including ancient) and, in several cases, from Baltic languages. Comparison shows that the given phenomena are not specific to Russian. Besides, the comparative data helps us to avoid deducing some modern structural phenomena directly from older constructions. For example, there seems to be no reason to connect such structures as Rebionok gladil sobaku, viliaia (wag-ADVP.PRES) hvostom ‘The child caressed the dog (which was) wagging its tail’ directly to the absolute predicative use of participles in Old Russian. We come to the conclusion that the lack of formal and grammatical congruence (in other words, of categorial agreement) between the adverbial participle construction and the main clause is the reason why in modern Russian the adverbial participle construction is able to disconnect from the grammatical subject of the main clause. Therefore, the adverbial participle construction can now be used in any situation when the speaker has a communicative intention to designate a subordinate action and the subject of this action is clear from the context.
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Lekomceva, Margarita. "Correlation of Metrical and Phonological Units of Language." Studia Metrica et Poetica 2, no. 1 (July 7, 2015): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/smp.2015.2.1.06.
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This paper was first published in Russian (Lekomceva 1969). Margarita Ivanovna Lekomceva (b. 1935) is a distinguished Russian linguist and semiotician, member of the Tartu-Moscow School of Semiotics. Her main research fields include Slavic, Baltic, Balkan and Indo-European phonology, rhetoric and poetics. A representative selection of her papers was published in 2007 and titled “Ustroenie jazyka” (“The Arrangement of Language”).
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Duškin, Maksim, and Joanna Satoła-Staśkowiak. "The Bulgarian-Polish-Russian parallel corpus." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 11 (November 24, 2015): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2011.015.
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The Bulgarian-Polish-Russian parallel corpusThe Semantics Laboratory Team of Institute of Slavic Studies of Polish Academy of Sciences is planning to begin work on the creation of a Bulgarian-Polish-Russian parallel corpus. The three selected languages are representatives of the main groups of Slavic languages: Bulgarian represents the southern group of Slavic languages, Polish – the western group of Slavic languages, Russian – the eastern group of Slavic languages. Our project will be the first parallel corpus of these three languages. The planned corpus will be based on material, dating from one period (the 20th century) and will have a synchronous nature. The project will not constitute the sum of the separate corpora of selected languages.One of the problems with creating multilingual parallel corpora are different proportions of translated texts between the selected languages, for example, Polish literature is often translated into Bulgarian, but not vice versa.Bulgarian, Russian and Polish differ typologically – Bulgarian is an analytic language, Polish and Russian are synthetic. The parallel corpus should have compatible annotation, while taking into account the characteristic features of the selected languages.We hope that the Bulgarian-Polish-Russian parallel corpus will serve as a source of linguistic material of contrastive language studies and may prove to be a big help for linguists, translators, terminologists and students of linguistics. The results of our work will be available on the Internet.
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Hamann, Silke. "Retroflex fricatives in Slavic languages." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34, no. 1 (January 2004): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100304001604.
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The present study explores the phonetic and phonological grounds on which postalveolar fricatives in Polish can be analysed as retroflex, and considers whether postalveolar fricatives in other Slavic languages are retroflex as well. Velarization and incompatibility with front vowels are introduced as articulatory criteria for retroflexion, based on cross-linguistic data. According to these criteria, Polish and Russian have retroflex fricatives (i.e., /[small s with hook]/ and /[small z with retroflex hook]/), whereas Bulgarian has a laminal palatoalveolar fricative ((/[small Esh]/). In addition, it is illustrated that palatalization of retroflex fricatives in Slavic languages (and in general) causes a phonetic and phonological change to a non-retroflex fricative.
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FEDCHENKO, OLEG D. "BALTIC HYDRONYMY OF CENTRAL RUSSIA." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 4 (2020): 104–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2020_6_4_104_127.
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The article presents the linguistic analysis of hydronyms of the Central Russia. The origin is considered of the names of large rivers (more than 100 km long) from the Moscow, Kaluga, Oryol, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Ryazan, Kostroma, Tver, Nizhny Novgorod, Vologda regions. The systematization of hydronyms that appeared in the Baltic language environment was carried out. The results indicate that the names of the rivers have an etymology associated with such concepts as a river, channel, stream. The basis for river names are verbs in Present Tense, third person singular, while the lake names stem from verbs in Past Tense, third person singular. It was also discovered that in modern river names, Slavic and Finno-Ugric vowels of the Baltic hydronyms are very common. The suggested approach helps accurately localize the settlements of Slavic and Finno-Ugric tribes in space as well as time. At the same time, the range of Baltic hydronyms turned out wider than it had been expected. The obtained results enable to clarify the archaeological and historical aspects of the life of ancient people in the Central Russia.
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Тамбовцев [Tambovtsev], Юрий [IUriĭ]. "Фоно-типологические расстояния между балтийскими и славянскими языками." Acta Baltico-Slavica 35 (July 28, 2015): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2011.011.
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Phono-typological distances between Baltic and Slavonic languagesThe application of “Chi-square” criterion allows us to measure the distances between languages objectively. The phono-typological distance between Baltic and Slavonic languages was measured. The phono-typological distance between Lithuanian and Latvian languages is much greater than between Lithuanian and Old Russian. The sound picture of Lithuanian is more similar to modern Russian (6,07) than to Latvian. In its turn, Latvian’s sound picture is more similar to Old Russian (2,47) than Lithuanian. Latvian is more similar to modern Russian (3,65) than Lithuanian by its sound picture. The closeness of Baltic and Slavonic languages may be explained by the former language unity and by intensive language contacts.
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Danylenko, Andrii. "On the mechanisms of the grammaticalization of comitative and instrumental categories in Slavic." Journal of Historical Linguistics 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 267–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.5.2.03dan.
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This article critically assesses probabilistic predictions on the theory of contact-induced grammaticalization of the comitative-instrumental polysemy in those Slavic languages which have had a history of long and intense interaction with either German or Italian. Having provided extensive dialectal data, I argue instead that there are no grounds for positing a direct correlation between the introduction of the comitative preposition to instrumental in “high-contact” Slavic languages and the history of language contact with German or Italian. I propose to distinguish between the grammaticalization of the comitative-instrumental polysemy due to analytic simplification and the grammaticalization of the instrumental-comitative polysemy due to synthetic simplification. The comitative marking for instrumentals in Slavic is likely to develop in places of prolonged multilingual contacts, not necessarily with German or Italian. Under these conditions one can predict the development of convergent analytic features in closely related or even areally contingent languages (dialects), as is the case of the Circum-Baltic area.
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Petrov, Sergey Yu. "Vectors of language contacts: on the etymology of the “horse” lexeme." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 3 (May 2021): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.3-21.011.
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Being out to make his own attempt to etymologize the Russian word конь ‘a male horse, a steed’, and applying the theory of alteration of matres lectionis the author defined the ways of borrowing of the word from the Slavic to other languages, and revealed its lexical transformations in them. Using this theory which apparently opposes the commonly accepted PIE-based hypothesis of Indo-European languages vocabulary formation, and giving examples of vocabulary derivation from the word конь within the Slavic and other IE languages, the author found quite different ways of lexical formation in the languages which no one before had attempted. The results showed dramatic differences of the new etymologies from those suggested by national and foreign etymological dictionaries. Forasmuch as formal etymology of a significant part of the Russian core vocabulary in many ways remains inadequate and unsatisfying whereby resulting in wrong scientific conclusions and implications, the study is all too timely.
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Heo, Yong. "Consonantal Structures in Phonetics and Phonology." Cross-cultural studies review 1, no. 1-2 (April 15, 2020): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.38003/ccsr.1.1-2.3.
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The purpose of this study is to present and compare two different approaches (a phonetic approach and a phonological one) for the speech sound systems of natural languages. To this end, this study investigates natural speech sound systems with the consonantal systems of four Slavic languages, Russian, Polish, Czech and Serbian and Croatian, on the basis of phonetic and phonological approaches. In the phonetic approach, the consonant inventories of the four Slavic languages are analyzed with the theory of maximal and sufficient dispersion and the size principle, together with a frequency-based statistical approach. Segmental universals are discussed regarding sound types such as obstruents and sonorants. From the phonetic approach, it is shown that Slavic consonant systems are very unusual in terms of natural languages. Palatalized sounds in Russian and affricates and fricatives in Russian and Polish support that the Slavic consonantal system is far removed from the general aspect of human languages. On the other hand, with the phonological approach, four of the five feature-based principles proposed by Clements are employed to reveal the universals of the languages. They are Feature Economy, Marked Feature Avoidance, Robustness and Phonological enhancement. What we have seen is that some unsolved problems from the phonetic approach are explained by phonological accounts. The fact that Russian has plenty of segments represented by [+palatal] may not be unusual with respect to a feature-based approach. In addition, while the phonetic approach claims that Slavic languages (in particular, Russian and Polish) have different consonantal systems from the general aspect of natural languages because of the marked segments, the phonological approach accounts for the universals of these languages in the light of Robustness and Feature Economy. In short, what we get from phonetic accounts are language universals, found by frequency-based statistical approach while what we get from phonological accounts, using a feature-based approach, are linguistic universals.
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Verner, Inna V. "“Slavic hexaglot” as a sociocultural and linguistic experiment of Russian Slavophiles in the late XIXth century." Slavic Almanac, no. 3-4 (2020): 175–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2020.3-4.2.02.
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The article discusses the sociolinguistic reasons for the appearance of P. A. Hiltebrandt’s draft publication of the New Testament in the six Slavic languages and its failure. The role of this project in the Slavophile socio-political and philological program is determined; the editions of New Testament translations into various Slavic languages used in the printed fragment of hexaglot are identifi ed; the linguistic features of these translations are characterized. Presented in parallel with Church Slavonic and Russian, gospel translations in Bulgarian, Serbian, Czech and Polish were intended to actualize the “common Slavic” Cyril and Methodius tradition and realize the Slavophile idea of uniting the Slavs based on the common church language. Of all the planned publications, only the Church Slavonic-Czech diglot took place. Its linguistic features give reason to evaluate the philological status of the project as a claim to alternative “convergent” codifi cations of literary Slavic languages. A similarity with the language program of the project is also found in the K. P. Pobedonostsev’s Russian translation of the New Testament.
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Matasović, Ranko. "Gender Resolution in Croatian, Slavic and Proto-Indo-European." Fluminensia 31, no. 1 (2019): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/f.31.1.1.
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This paper deals with the origin and development of the gender resolution rule according to which the predicate adjective agrees with the masculine antecedent when there is agreement with a conjunction of subjects at least one of which denotes a male person. Apart from Croatian, such a rule exists (or existed) in the other Slavic languages, as well as in Baltic languages, so it can safely be posited for Proto-Slavic and Proto-Balto-Slavic. We further show that most contemporary and ancient Indo-European languages had such a gender resolution rule. Where such a rule does not exist (as in Germanic languages), there is a plausible historical explanation. In Hittite, which preserves the most ancient gender system of Indo-European (with only common and neuter genders, and no feminine gender), the default agreement is with the common gender noun. Recent advances in our understanding of the development of gender in Indo-European allow us to show that the rule taking the masculine as the default gender has developed from the rule taking the common gender as default. This is because the morphemes showing gender agreement on adjectives and pronouns of the masculine gender have developed from Early Proto-Indo-European morphemes expressing the common gender.
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Pakerys, Jurgis. "Periphrastic causative constructions in Baltic." Baltic Linguistics 9 (December 31, 2018): 111–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32798/bl.371.
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Periphrastic causatives in Latvian, Lithuanian, and Old Prussian are discussed to differentiate shared and language-specific constructions. It is shown that factitive constructions evolved independently, while the permissive ones are partly shared. One of the possible reasons for this is that the Baltic languages had a productive category of morphological factitive causatives and periphrastic factitives were less salient in the past. In contrast, permissive causation could not be expressed by morphological means and, as a result, permissive constructions reflect some common innovations. The permissives based on the predicate ‘give’ are a Baltic or even a Balto-Slavic development areally shared with the Finnic languages. Latvian and Lithuanian share two roots *lḗid- ‘release’ and *vḗl- ‘want’, which gave rise to permissive constructions, but their root ablaut or inflectional stems differ and reflect independent morphological developments. Of note is that Baltic *lḗid- is a cognate of Germanic *lēt-, which is also used in permissive constructions (German lassen, English let, etc.) and is not found in Slavic. Only Latvian has fully developed permissive use of ļaut. Baltic periphrastic factitive constructions share some common paths of semantic shifts, but the verbs employed are unrelated and these developments are probably relatively late and individual.
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Chilingaryan, Kamo Pavelovich. "Fusional and agglutinative features in declension system in the Russian and Armenian languages (a diachronic aspect)." Litera, no. 6 (June 2021): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.6.35737.
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The subject of this research is the typological characteristics of declension system in the Russian and Armenian languages and their diachronic changes. The author compares the modern Armenian and Grabar (classical Armenian) language, as well as Old East Slavic and modern Russian language. The goal of this article is to determine typological peculiarities of grammatical case systems of the Russian and Armenian languages in their current state, taking into account the vectors of evolutionary development of these systems in the history of the two languages. Research methodology leans on the traditional concepts of morphological typology and systemic analysis of language types proposed by G. P. Melnikov. It is established that unlike the Russian language, the Armenian declension system contains certain agglutinative and analytical features. Emphasis is placed on the detailed analysis of these phenomena and explanation of their consistent nature. The acquired results are valuable for typological description of the Russian and Armenian languages, as well as for teaching these languages to non-native speakers. The presented materials broaden scientific representations on multifacetedness of development of fusional declension on the example of two quite different languages within the same language family.
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Kartavenko, V. S. "THE CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL RICHNESS OF THE REGIONAL NAMES." Onomastics of the Volga Region, no. 2 (2020): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2020-2.onomast.37-42.
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The article considers the toponyms of the Smolensk region as a valuable phenomenon of cultural and historical character, which, being the language of the earth, are able to tell about the ancient and most ancient facts of life of the people of this region on a par with the monuments of material culture. Names belonging to Finno-Ugric and Baltic languages, as well as to West Slavic languages are identified. It is emphasized that names can persist for centuries, losing their connection with the source language and adapting to new language conditions.
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Sosnowski, Wojciech Paweł, and Violetta Koseska-Toszewa. "Multilingualism and Dictionaries." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 15 (December 31, 2015): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2015.004.
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Multilingualism and DictionariesThe Russian-Bulgarian-Polish dictionary that we (Wojciech Sosnowski, Violetta Koseska-Toszewa and Anna Kisiel) are currently developing has no precedent as far as its theoretical foundations and its structure are concerned. The dictionary offers a unique combination of three Slavic languages that belong to three different groups: a West Slavic language (Polish), a South Slavic language (Bulgarian) and an East Slavic language (Russian). The dictionary describes semantic and syntactic equivalents of words between the languages. When completed, the dictionary will contain around 30,000 entries. The principle we build the dictionary on is that every language should be given equal status. Many of our data come from the Parallel Polish-Bulgarian-Russian corpus developed by us as part of the CLARIN-PL initiative. In the print version, the entries come in the order of the Cyrillic alphabet and they are not numbered (except for homonyms, which are disambiguated with Roman numbers). We selected the lemmas for the dictionary on the basis of their frequency in the corpus. Our dictionary is the first dictionary to include forms of address and most recent neologisms in the three languages. Faithful to the recent developments in contrastive linguistics, we begin with a form from the dictionary’s primary language and we define it in Polish. Subsequently, based on this definition, we try to find an equivalent in the second and the third language. Therefore, the meaning comes first and only then we look for the form (i.e. the equivalent) that corresponds to this meaning. This principle, outlined in Gramatyka konfrontatywna języków polskiego i bułgarskiego (GKBP), allows us to treat data from multiple languages as equal. In the dictionary, we draw attention to the correct choice of equivalents in translation; we also provide categorisers that indicate the meaning of verbal tenses and aspects. The definitions of states, events and their different configurations follow those outlined in the net model of verbal tense and aspect. The transitive vs. intransitive categorisers are vital for the languages in question, since they belong to two different types: synthetic (Bulgarian) and analytic (Polish and Russian). We predict that the equal status of every language in the dictionary will facilitate easier and faster development of an electronic version in the future.
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Pronk, Tijmen. "Language contact and prosodic change in Slavic and Baltic." Diachronica 35, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 552–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.16038.pro.
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Abstract This paper discusses several Slavic and Baltic dialects which have undergone stress shifts as a result of language contact. Two types of change are discussed: (1) stress retractions from the final syllable onto the initial syllable of a prosodic word, and (2) the rise of fixed stress replacing earlier free stress. It is argued that in all cases discussed in the paper, contact with a language with fixed initial stress caused a stress shift. Examples from Croatian and Lithuanian demonstrate that pitch contours played an important role in these shifts. The results of the shifts are not always identical, but the underlying mechanism is the same in each of these cases: the lexical pitch contour of the donor language was imposed on the target language, thereby introducing constraints on the position of stress in the target language. It is argued that a similar mechanism operated in West Slavic, where languages with free stress introduced fixed stress on the initial or penultimate syllable due to contact with German and possibly Hungarian.
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Voytseva, Olena. "Means of creating perfumery and cosmetics terms in the Russian, Ukrainian and Polish languages." Bibliotekarz Podlaski Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 47, no. 2 (July 10, 2020): 377–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.489.
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This article is focused on the mechanisms that are used for perfumery and cosmetics terminology formation in the Russian, Ukrainian and Polish languages based on material from modern dictionaries and internet sources. The subject of the research is the means of creating perfumery and cosmetics terms in three Slavic languages. As a result, universal tendencies towards integration, differentiation, internationalization and unification of the language means in its structural, semantic and genetic aspects are determined. The research is based on the synchronic and partially diachronic approach with the use of componential analysis and the method of definition. Findings. The specificity of the perfumery and cosmetics terminology in closely related Slavic languages results from extralinguistic and intralinguistic factors, from native language laws of functioning and its special denotative correlation that manifests itself both in the nominative and the semasiological aspects. The following term-forming mechanisms proved to be typical: terminologization of common words, lexical term borrowings from other languages, transterminologization, special words modelling with the help of Greek and Latin elements, borrowed models, reduplicate terms, model-forming words, word-forming calques, contracted words, as well as the undivided naming process in the form of multi-component word combinations.
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Bereza, Liudmyla, and Liudmyla Tkachenko. "Completeness of action in the Russian and German languages: comparative analysis." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Fìlologìâ 13, no. 23 (2020): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2020-13-23-140-150.
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The aim of this research will be to conduct a comparative study of the category of aspectuality; that implies defining and analysing the whole complex of general and distinctive properties, characteristic of the languages under consideration, that is, Russian and German, revised in the comparative aspect. The research methods include descriptive method, distributive and introspective analyses. The authors indicate that today contrastive studies are especially relevant to identify common and distinctive features in systems of different languages. It is noted that actional and aspectual semantics, as well as the means of its expression, have become objects of study by linguists at the beginning of the 20th century. Attention is drawn to the actual domestic and foreign significant research in the field of aspectology of genetically unrelated languages, as well as languages that are in a distant genetic relationship. The form and tense of a verb are characteristics of temporality, since, for example, in the Slavic languages, the form organizes and determines temporal relationships. In contrast to the Slavic languages, in the Romance and Germanic languages, species relations are structured on the basis of temporal forms. The comparative approach to the study of time and species in languages belonging to different groups makes it possible to better understand the specifics of species-temporal relations. It is pointed out that the grammatical category of the species as a binary category is represented only in some languages. The need to distinguish between species as a grammatical category inherent in the Slavic languages and as a broad functional and semantic category that exists in all languages is emphasized, since it represents the entire complex of linguistic means that express the nature of the course of action. In the process of analyzing some texts, it was concluded that the absence of a grammatical category of the species in the German language does not indicate the absence of a corresponding concept. During the research, the authors came to the conclusion, that when studying the verb tense, it is necessary to take into account several other factors, apart from the verb forms: the context, the lexical, lexical-grammatical, grammatical and syntactic components, considered within the framework of their interaction in speech, since the functional-semantic field includes interacting means, united by the common function of expressing the semantic attribute of aspectuality, namely, grammar, lexical-grammatical and lexical means.
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Dimitrova, Ludmila, Violetta Koseska, Danuta Roszko, and Roman Roszko. "Trilingual aligned corpus – current state and new applications." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 14 (September 4, 2014): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2014.002.
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Trilingual aligned corpus – current state and new applicationsThis article describes current state of a trilingual parallel corpus consisted of texts in two Slavic (Bulgarian and Polish) and one Baltic language (Lithuanian). The corpus contains original literary texts (fiction, novels, and short stories) in one of the three languages with translations to the other two, and texts in other languages translated into Bulgarian, Polish, and Lithuanian. A part of the texts are aligned at the sentence level. The authors propose a semantic annotation of verbs appearing in these aligned texts that will facilitate contrastive studies of natural languages. A theoretical background for the proposed semantic annotation is briefly also discussed.
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Scherrer, Yves, and Achim Rabus. "Neural morphosyntactic tagging for Rusyn." Natural Language Engineering 25, no. 5 (July 18, 2019): 633–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324919000287.
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AbstractThe paper presents experiments on part-of-speech and full morphological tagging of the Slavic minority language Rusyn. The proposed approach relies on transfer learning and uses only annotated resources from related Slavic languages, namely Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Polish, and Czech. It does not require any annotated Rusyn training data, nor parallel data or bilingual dictionaries involving Rusyn. Compared to earlier work, we improve tagging performance by using a neural network tagger and larger training data from the neighboring Slavic languages. We experiment with various data preprocessing and sampling strategies and evaluate the impact of multitask learning strategies and of pretrained word embeddings. Overall, while genre discrepancies between training and test data have a negative impact, we improve full morphological tagging by 9% absolute micro-averaged F1 as compared to previous research.
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МОКИЕНКО, В. М., and Т. Г. НИКИТИНА. "Русско-венгерские паремиологические параллели (в поисках национальной специфики)." Studia Slavica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 64, no. 1 (June 2019): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/060.2019.64108.
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Proverbs and sayings, which have always been considered the favourite genre of folklore and the representatives of the national mentality proper, have recently attracted particular attention of linguists. These are attempts to objectively establish the so-called “paremiological minimum” of different languages, the desire to measure the cognitive potential of the parеmias, and a broad comparative study of the proverbs and sayings of related and unrelated languages as well as a characteristic of the pragmatic capabilities of the latter. The present paper offers a comparative typological analysis of proverbs and sayings in the Russian and Hungarian languages. Despite their different genetic origins, it is in paremiology that there is a fairly large number of parallels of different types. The purpose of the paper is to identify such parallels and their classification by origin. The sources of such parallels are different: above all, longterm interaction with the paremiological systems of German and other European languages, including Slavic. Slavic paremiology, on the one hand, was a “donor” of borrowing in the form of tracing, on the other hand, it itself absorbed many Finno-Ugric paremias. That is why Hungarian paremiology and paremiography are of particular importance for comparative studies. And not only because the Hungarian language has historically absorbed a pan-European (including Slavic) paremiological heritage but also because Hungarian paremiography has long been one of the richest treasures of Hungarian and European small folklore. These collections of Hungarian proverbs and sayings against a broad interlanguage background are one of the most significant paremiological traditions. The rich paremiological collections accumulated by Hungarian researchers provide an opportunity for a detailed comparison of Slavic and Hungarian proverbs and sayings against a common European background and at the same time to trace the traces of direct Slavic-Hungarian contacts. Of particular importance in such a comparative study is the dialectal material, both in Hungarian and Slavic. When comparing the paremias of Russian and Hungarian languages, linguistic details are especially important, allowing to demonstrate the adaptation of the common European heritage to the Slavic and Finno-Ugric languages and to determine the proportion of similarities and differences between the respective paremias. It is not only genetic inertia but also the field of variation of borrowed proverbs and sayings that forms their national specificity. A comparative study shows that the Slavic variant proverb series look more compact and almost unchangeable. The variation of the Hungarian proverbs reveals a much wider amplitude, although it also retains the “classical” version as the main one. Some of them can be considered nationally specific despite the universality and globality of the range of some proverbs. The quota of national specificity for each of the options is different but it is the paremiological details that contain the national colour reflected in the language.
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Danylenko, Andrii. "Russian čto za , Ukrainian ščo za , Polish co za “was für ein”." Diachronica 18, no. 2 (December 31, 2001): 241–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.18.2.03dan.
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Summary This paper presents a historical and typological interpretation of Slavic constructions of the type Ru čto za, Po co za, and the like, traditionally regarded as syntactic calques of the German was für. Basing his arguments on cross-linguistic and diachronic data, the author asserts that there is no solid evidence to assume that these Slavic constructions, as well as their Baltic equivalents of the type Li kàs pe , could have been influenced by the parallel German pattern. Taking into account evolutionary traits as evidenced in the Indo-European morphosyntactic type, the author claims independent development of such constructions in German, Slavic and Baltic. Résumé Cet article présent une interprétation historique et typologique des tournures slaves du type de čto za en russe, co za en polonais, etc., qui sont traditionnellement traitées en tant que calques de l’allemand was für. S’appuyant sur des données comparatives et diachroniques, l’auteur soutient qu’il n’y a pas lieu de croire que les tournures slaves en question (tout comme leurs équivalents baltes du type de lit. kàs pe) soient calquées sur le modèle allemand. En vue des caractéristiques évolutives manifestées par le type morphosyntaxique indo-européen, l’auteur affirme que l’émergence de ces tournures se soit produit en allemand, dans les langues slaves et dans les langues baltes par des procéssus indépendants. Zusammenfassung Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird eine historische und typologische Betrachtung slavischer Wendungen wie das russ. čto za und das poln. co za, u.ä. vorgeschlagen, die traditionsgemäß als Lehnübersetzungen des deutschen was für gehalten werden. Anhand vergleichender und diachronischer Daten zeigt der Verfasser, dass es keine überzeugenden Beweise gibt, dass diese slavischen Wendungen, wie auch baltische Äquivalenten wie z.B. das lit kás pe, von der deutschen Konstruktion beeinflüsst wurden. Unter Berücksichtigung der evolutionären Eigenschaften des indogermanischen morphosyntaktischen Typs können diese Wendungen als unabhängige Entwicklungen im Germanischen, Slavischen und Baltischen verstanden werden.
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Sukhorukova, Y. A., and Y. V. Fil. "Prospective Semantics in Russian and Other Slavic Languages (Based on the Verbs with Prefix Pred-)." Rusin, no. 62 (2020): 176–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/62/10.
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This study continues the derivatological and aspectological traditions of studying verbal prefixes as semantic distributors of the verb, expanding its capabilities in the expression of an action. The article discusses the results of a study of prospective semantics based on the verbs with the prefix pred-. This prefix has an old Slavonic origin and is realized in several meanings, the most striking of which is an indication of a previously performed action (prospectivity). This meaning is not primary, as it derives from the spatial one (being ahead), which reflects the general picture of time representation through space, on the one hand, and the models of development of spatial meanings in other semantic spheres that have developed in the language, on the other. Prospective semantics proved to be in demand not only in old Slavonic, but also in other Slavic languages (despite the quantitative differences in the use of units in these languages). The analysis of verbs and units derived from verbs with prefix pred- and its analogues shows a significantly greater number of units with this prefix in Russian and other Slavic languages (Bulgarian, Rusin, Czech, Polish, etc.) in comparison with the old Slavonic language, as well as their constant growth and semantic diversity. The research reveals the semantic features of the prefix pred- in Russian with the background of other Slavic languages (less semantic diversity of prefix meanings and verbs with it in comparison with the Bulgarian and Czech languages; predominance of prospective prefix semantics in the verbal sphere and weakening of the spatial one; absence of the meaning of the preliminary action in relation to the main one), and examines the interaction of the spatial meaning of the prefix with the meanings of prospectivity and superiority.
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Sosnowski, Wojciech Paweł, Violetta Koseska-Toszewa, and Anna Kisiel. "On the Dictionary of Semantic Equivalents in Polish, Bulgarian and Russian"." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 16 (December 31, 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2016.001.
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On the Dictionary of Semantic Equivalents in Polish, Bulgarian and RussianLeksykon odpowiedniości semantycznych w języku polskim, bułgarskim i rosyjskim [The Dictionary of Semantic Equivalents in Polish, Bulgarian and Russian] is the first Polish dictionary which compares semantic equivalents in the largest languages of each Slavic subgroup: The West Slavic group (Polish), the South Slavic group (Bulgarian) and the East Slavic group (Russian). The content of the dictionary reflects the social processes, changes and trends which have taken place over recent years. The dictionary consists of 5 volumes, with approximately 5000 entries for each language. What sets it apart from other dictionaries is that it ventures beyond the standard vocabulary one might expect from a dictionary of this sort. Leksykon also contains neologisms as well as realogisms - words which do not often have perfect equivalents in other languages because they are so deeply embedded in a nation’s culture. Each entry in the dictionary offers state-of-the-art semantic and syntactic categorisers, developed by Polish experts in Slavic semantics and aspectology.We consider the dictionary to be an innovation in lexicography, because its open structure enables more languages to be added in the future, including non-Slavic languages. Developed with the use of the most recent methodologies available, the dictionary will constitute a sound basis for lexicographic research in the future, in particular for the development of multilingual electronic dictionaries.In the 21st century, we face two great challenges: to make academic research more interdisciplinary and to build an integrated multinational European community. We hope that our dictionary will help address these challenges by promoting multilingualism and facilitating intercultural communication.The primary language of the dictionary is Polish - the largest Slavic language in the European Union.During the Polish presidency of the EU, a conference entitled Multilingual Competences for Professional and Social Success in Europe was held. It concluded with the following declaration: "Multilingualism is not only part of European heritage, but also a chance to develop a society which is open, respectful of cultural diversity and ready for cooperation". However, the chief obstacles that prevents the EU from attaining the full integration of its economies and societies are language barriers. This dictionary will help overcome these barriers by promoting Slavic languages. The target audience of the dictionary are speakers of Polish, both in Poland and all around the world: experts in Slavic languages, scholars, lexicographers, encyclopaedia writers, students, etc. O Leksykonie odpowiedniości semantycznych w języku polskim, bułgarskim i rosyjskimLeksykon jest pierwszym polskim dziełem leksykograficznym, prezentującym odpowiedniości semantyczne w trzech największych językach słowiańskich, z grupy zachodniej (polski), południowej (bułgarski) i wschodniej (rosyjski). W dobie badań interdyscyplinarnych i budowania zintegrowanej wielonarodowościowej Europy opisana publikacja wychodzi naprzeciw wyzwaniom XXI wieku, promując wielojęzyczność, umożliwiając kontakty międzynarodowe w najróżniejszych dziedzinach. Językiem opisu stał się największy słowiański język Unii Europejskiej – język polski.Publikacja jest przeznaczona dla polskiego odbiorcy i wszystkich użytkowników języka polskiego na świecie – specjalistów-slawistów, badaczy języków słowiańskich, leksykografów, encyklopedystów, studentów itp. Leksykon uwzględnia najnowsze zjawiska i dziedziny życia społecznego. Innowacyjność publikacji polega na możliwości dołączania dowolnej liczby leksykonów innych języków (nie tylko słowiańskich) (co przedstawiono w szeregu publikacji poświęconych dziełu). Ze względu na nowoczesne rozwiązania metodologiczne zastosowane w Leksykonie może on stanowić podstawę innych współczesnych prac leksykograficznych, w szczególności wielojęzycznych słowników elektronicznych. Zaletą Leksykonu jest to, że poza leksyką ogólną znalazły się w nim też neologizmy, wyrazy trudne i częstokroć nie posiadające pełnej ekwiwalencji, odzwierciedlające natomiast kulturę danego narodu (realogizmy). Leksykon opatrzony jest najnowszej generacji klasyfikatorami semantycznymi i składniowymi, będącymi wynikiem wieloletniej pracy polskich slawistów w dziedzinie aspektologii i semantyki.Wpisana do oficjalnego kalendarza polskiej prezydencji w Radzie UE konferencja. pt. Kompetencje językowe podstawą sukcesu zawodowego i społecznego w Europie zakończyła się oficjalną deklaracją, w której czytamy: "wielojęzyczność jest nie tylko dziedzictwem Europy, ale szansą na tworzenie społeczeństwa otwartego, szanującego zróżnicowanie kulturowe i gotowego na współpracę". Wciąż jednak główną przeszkodą na drodze do prawdziwie zjednoczonej europejskiej gospodarki i społeczeństwa pozostają bariery językowe. Leksykon umożliwi pokonywanie tych barier poprzez poznawanie języków słowiańskich.
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Osetskaya, Natalya S. "Some Observations Concerning Russia, summarized by Erik Palmquist in 1674 or Palmquist’s Album." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)], no. 2 (April 23, 2013): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2013-0-2-51-57.
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Lomonosov Publishing House in cooperation with the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures of the Stockholm University, the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities, the Department of Modern Languages of the Uppsala University and the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences published in 2012 the unique facsimile edition in folio of “Palmquist’s Album” and the special edition of “Some Observations Concerning Russia, summarized by Erik Palmquist in 1674”, which includes the original text of Album in the Early Modern Swedish language and its translations into the Swedish, Russian and English languages, the manuscript description, the principles of reproduction and translation of Palmquist’s texts, the glossary in the Swedish, Russian and English languages as well as zoomed out edition of “Palmquist’s Album”.
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Stenger, Irina, Klára Jágrová, Andrea Fischer, Tania Avgustinova, Dietrich Klakow, and Roland Marti. "Modeling the impact of orthographic coding on Czech–Polish and Bulgarian–Russian reading intercomprehension." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 40, no. 2 (October 2017): 175–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586517000130.
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Focusing on orthography as a primary linguistic interface in every reading activity, the central research question we address here is how orthographic intelligibility can be measured and predicted between closely related languages. This paper presents methods and findings of modeling orthographic intelligibility in a reading intercomprehension scenario from the information-theoretic perspective. The focus of the study is on two Slavic language pairs: Czech–Polish (West Slavic, using the Latin script) and Bulgarian–Russian (South Slavic and East Slavic, respectively, using the Cyrillic script). In this article, we present computational methods for measuring orthographic distance and orthographic asymmetry by means of the Levenshtein algorithm, conditional entropy and adaptation surprisal method that are expected to predict the influence of orthography on mutual intelligibility in reading.
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Ухлик [Mladen Uhlik], Младен, and Андрея Желе [Andreja Žele]. "Comitative Constructions in Slovenian: A Comparison with other South Slavic languages and Russian." Slovene Linguistic Studies 12 (October 11, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/sjsls.12.1.08.
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Grice, Martine, and Frank Kügler. "Prosodic Prominence – A Cross-Linguistic Perspective." Language and Speech 64, no. 2 (June 2021): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00238309211015768.
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This paper is concerned with the contributions of signal-driven and expectation-driven mechanisms to a general understanding of the phenomenon of prosodic prominence from a cross-linguistic perspective. It serves as an introduction to the concept of prosodic prominence and discusses the eight papers in the Special Issue, which cover a genetically diverse range of languages. These include Djambarrpuyŋu (an Australian Pama-Nyungan language), Samoan (an Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian language), the Indo-European languages English (Germanic), French (Romance), and Russian (Slavic), Korean (Koreanic), Medumba (Bantu), and two Sino-Tibetan languages, Mandarin and Taiwanese Southern Min.
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Smetonienė, Anželika. "Loanwords in the catechism of M. Petkevičius (1598): slavisms of unknown origin." Lietuvių kalba, no. 11 (December 20, 2017): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2017.22545.
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There are only few studies on lexis of catechism of M. Petkevičius (PK) (1598), even if this is the second book in Lithuanian language in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the first hymnal in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. J. Kruopas concluded vocabulary of this catechism and noted it's loanwords, however, an origin of these words has not been explained. Also, there is no list of equivalents of these borrowed words in Slavic languages, because aim of J. Kruopa's work wasn't to determinate origin of loanwords. The object of this article is Slavic loanwords in the PK, the aim – to specify and to list Slavisms of unknown origin and their equivalents in the Slavic languages. To achieve the aim the following objectives were set: to collect all borrowed words and Slavic stem words from the selected text; to determinate criteria, that can indicate origin of Slavisms, and to classify Slavisms depending on their origin. In total separate 410 Slavic stem lexemes were found in the catechism of M. Petkevičius. After all these lexemes were generalized (e. g. only forms without prefixes are presented), 344 words left: 30 revealed itself to be hybrids, 149 – Slavisms of unknown origin. It only confirms once again that sometimes it is not possible to determine the path of Slavisms into Lithuanian language due to the similarity of the Slavic languages, and therefore it is possible only to give chronologically accurate equivalents of the loanwords of the PK in the Old Russian, Ruthenian and Polish languages.
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Dimitrova, Ludmila, Violetta Koseska-Toszewa, Radovan Garabík, Tomaž Erjavec, Leonid Iomdin, and Volodymyr Shyrokov. "Main results of MONDILEX project." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 11 (November 24, 2015): 265–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2011.017.
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Main results of MONDILEX projectThe paper presents the results and recommendations of MONDILEX, a 7FP project that covered six Slavic languages: Bulgarian, Polish, Russian, Slovak, Slovene, and Ukrainian. The paper summarizes the research undertaken on standardisation and integration of Slavic language resources and on the establishment of a virtual organisation supporting research infrastructure for Slavic lexicography. The results should be useful for an implementation of a research infrastructure in the coming years.
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Kalita, Inna V. "Drunken person image and its reflection in Slavic phraseology." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 60 (2021): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2021-60-123-138.
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This article looks at the drunken person image in terms of Czech and Eastern Slavic phraseology. Person’s “relationship” with alcohol is described in a significant amount of cases using a comparing construction containing conjunction “like”. Most often a drunken person is compared to animals (свинья, скотина), also sometimes biblical references are used: Russian (пьян) до положения риз, Belarusian да божай моцы напіцца, Czech opilý pod obraz (boží). In phraseology the alcohol theme also refers to the motif of temptation with devil and snake as the tempters. In all of the analysed languages we can find a phrasing [drunk like a (various craftsmen) / (thing) / (natural phenomenon) ], while foul language uses disgraceful expressions for reproductive organs. The analysis of dictionaries allows us to identify a number of ethnophraseologisms: Czech opilý jako Dán; Russian пьян до положения риз; Belarusian набрацца як Марцін за рубля; Ukrainian п’яний як чіп. The end of the 20th century is connected with a process of phraseological innovation — e.g. пьяный мажор enters Eastern Slavic languages. In Russian colloquial dictionary we meet contemporary examples пьян в сосиску и пьяный в щи, Czech contemporary analogue is na rokytku/Rokytku. The analysed idioms show us that a drunken person is distanced from his “usual” self and becomes “strange”. Given individual characteristics, phraseological image of a drunk is very similar in four Slavic languages.
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Garbul, Liudmila Pavlovna. "Additions to the list of polonisms in the 17th century Russian Chancellery Language." Slavistica Vilnensis 64, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/slavviln.2019.64(2).22.
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The article examines the history of the four words found in the Muscovite diplomatic correspondence: mevati ‘to have’, menovati ‘to call, to name’, metsja ‘to feel yourself; to live’, meškaniec ‘inhabitant’. The author aims at proving that these words are lexical borrowings from Polish language. The study is based on a careful comparison of data of various types of dictionaries of the Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian and Polish languages, which made it possible to prove the insincerity of these tokens in the Russian language and to establish the source of borrowing, as well as to identify the intermediary role written language of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in Polish-Russian language contacts. The materials in this publication can be used to supplement and clarify the information of the etymological and historical dictionaries of the Slavic languages.
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Seržant, Ilja. "[review of:] Vyacheslav Ivanov & Peter Arkadiev, eds. 2013. Studies in the Typology of Slavic, Baltic and Balkan Languages." Baltic Linguistics 4 (December 31, 2013): 221–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32798/bl.415.
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Вячᴇᴄлᴀʙ Вᴄ. Иʙᴀнов (отв. ред.), Пᴇᴛᴘ М. Аᴘкᴀдьᴇв (сост.), Исследования по типологии славянских, балтийских и балканских языков (преимущественно в свете языковых контактов). Санкт-Петербург: Алетейя, 2013. / Vʏᴀᴄʜᴇsʟᴀv Ivᴀɴov & Pᴇᴛᴇʀ Aʀᴋᴀᴅɪᴇv, eds., Studies in the Typology of Slavic, Baltic and Balkan Languages (with primary reference to language contact). St Petersburg: Aletheia, 2013. ɪsʙɴ 978-5-91419-778-7.
The main focus of the book is on various language contact situations as well as areal interpretations of particular phenomena against a wider typological background. The idea is to provide a broader overview of each phenomenon discussed, bringing in comparisons with the neighbouring languages. Two major linguistic areas are in the focus of the book: the Balkan and Eastern Circum-Baltic areas. The book is an important contribution to these fields as well as to areal typology and the theory of language contact in general, meeting all standards for a solid scientific work.
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Panov, Zoran. "Fixed units in Macedonian and Russian languages as a linguistic and cultural representatives." Neophilology, no. 19 (2019): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2019-5-19-381-387.
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We consider fixed units in Russian and Macedonian languages, latter of which is the youngest literary Slavic language with the aim of maximal immersion into the mental atmosphere of two Slavic peoples. We reveal the actual national and international specificity that is involved in the communicative process optimization. We prove that in order to increase the communicative competence of students who study Russian as a foreign language at an advanced stage of education, first of all, students of philological profile, it is necessary to turn to the study of the phraseological units functioning and the paroemic fund. Personal experience of teaching Russian to Macedonian students of philological profile shows that they do not have sufficient knowledge in the wide use of Russian phraseological units in their speech. To meet these needs, the phraseological examples and material of the paroemic fund of languages are very effective, since they present the national specificity of a given people, reflecting different situational variations. We establish that the structure of fixed units contains a reflection of national and international features as a reflection of reality in human consciousness. These features can represent both holistic, covering the entire object of the perceived, and fractional, when separate fragments of the overall picture are highlighted.
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Sonnenhauser, Barbara. "‘Knowing How’ in Slovene: Treading the Other Path." Slovene 6, no. 1 (2017): 95–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2017.6.1.3.
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For the linguistic expression of the concept of knowledge, the Slavic languages use verbs deriving from the Indo-European roots *ĝnō and *ṷei̭d. They differ in terms of the availability of both types of verbs in the contemporary standard languages and in terms of their semantic range. As will be shown in this paper, these differences are interesting not only from a language-specific lexicological point of view, but also in the context of the intersection of lexicon and grammar. Covering the domain of ‘knowing how,’ the *ĝnō-based verb in Slovene (znati) has been extending into the domain of possibility and, on this basis, developing into a modal verb. While this development is not surprising from a typological point of view, it is remarkable from a Slavic perspective, since this particular grammaticalisation path towards possibility is otherwise unknown to Slavic. This peculiar feature of Slovene, which most probably relates to its long-lasting and intensive contact with German, is illustrated in the present paper by comparing Slovene to Russian on the basis of three main questions: 1) the semantic range of vedeti / vedatʹ and znati / znatʹ, 2) the lexicalisation of ‘know how,’ and 3) the relation between knowledge, ability, and possibility. The focus is on contemporary Slovene and Russian, leaving a detailed diachronic investigation and the further embedding into a larger Slavic and areal perspective for future analyses.
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Ruslan Kh., Kasimov. "Caucasian Xenoglossary in Modern Russian and Image of “Caucasian World”." Humanitarian Vector 16, no. 2 (April 2021): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-2-137-143.
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The Caucasus has always been of interest for Russia. Russian-Caucasian contacts are being studied in political, economic, religious and social aspects. But linguistic horizon has not got enough treatment. The Caucasian loanwords in Russian are examined as a specific semantic field – xenoglossary. The method of intentional analysis is used for its highlighting. Хenoglossary is a lexical corpus borrowed from a definite cultural area. Dictionaries of contemporary Russian language are used as a sample. All lexicon is topically divided in household, military and gastronomic spheres. Only last one has nowadays actual usage. Such situation could be explained by different ways of the Russian-Caucasian cultural contact history. The war was a form of contact with Muslim Adyghe people (Circassians). So, this can explain the borrowed military glossary from the Abkhazo-Adyghean languages into Russian. And vice versa, Georgia was annexed to the Russian Empire in peace. Borrowed Kartvelian glossary is the consequence of that fact. It is stated that the borrowing process is still in progress. The main sources of loanwords are Northwest and South Caucasian languages. It is argued that the Caucasian loanwords are being assimilated. The Caucasian loanwords reflect the objects of culture, not natural ones. The loanwords passed in Russian orally and have low usage frequency. Stylistically, these words are neutral. It indicates the fact of axiological equivalence of “Caucasian” and “Russian” cultural areas in Russian language imagination. Penetration of some Caucasian lexemes in other Slavic languages are occurred by means of Russian. Caucasian borrowings have very limited spread in West European languages. Keywords: Caucasian loanwords, Caucasian languages, xenoglossary, semantic field, language contacts
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Huber, Robert T. "A History of the American Councils for International Education." Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, no. 1703 (January 1, 2004): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cbp.2004.124.
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The American Councils rose from earlier efforts by American scholars of the Russian language to build sustainable professional and programmatic ties with their Soviet/Russian counterparts. From the onset of the Cold War until the late 1960s, there had been virtually no such professional contact. Teachers of Russian in the United States were organized nationally through the American Association of Teachers of Slavic and East European Languages (AATSEEL).
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Bredis, M. A., O. V. Lomakina, and V. M. Mokienko. "RUSIN PHRASEOLOGY AS AN EXAMPLE OF CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC TRANSFER IN SLAVIC LANGUAGES (BASED OF NUMERATIVE UNITS)." Rusin, no. 60 (2020): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/60/12.
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The paper analyses Rusin phraseological units with a number as their component, which were continuously sampled from lexicographic collections (dictionaries), such as The Rusin-Ukrainian-Russian and Russian-Ukrainian-Rusin Dictionary by D. Pop, The Rusin-Russian Dictionary by I. Kercha, as well as Ukrainian and Russian proverb dictionaries. The sampled phraseological units are distributed into groups depending on the core component – the numeral – and set against the background of a number of examples from Slavic languages. The phraseological units analysed in the paper are for the most part based on the symbolic semantics of numbers, reflecting popular beliefs, Christian faith, and mythopoetic numerology. Rusin phraseological units with numeral odin (‘one’) prevail in terms of quantity, which reflects the general tendency of Slavic phraseology. Relatively numerous are the groups of phraseological units with numerals dva (‘two’) and tri (‘three’). Other numerals are represented in Rusin phraseology to a lesser extent. This paper shows that the Rusin language is an example of a cultural and language transfer, since it was influenced by various languages due to a wide geographical “spread” in Europe. The identification of the national specificity against the background of a universal component helps to objectively and thoroughly reveal the linguistic and cultural potential of both Rusin and closely related Ukrainian and Russian paremiologies.
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Корина, Наталья. "Space Perception and Language Categorization." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 67, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jazcas-2017-0010.
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Abstract The study brings a brief view at the problem of cognitive association between the space perception and the categorization reflected in natural language from the linguistic point of view that is very close connected to the linguistic worldview and possesses the ethno-cultural specifics. The analysis is focused on the differences of the vertical and horizontal space models’ cognitive dominants in two relative Slavic languages – Russian and Slovak, and on the possible reasons of its existence. The study is devoted to the prominent Slovak philologist Viktor Krupa.
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Kholodilova, Maria A. "Competition Between ‘Who’ and ‘Which’ in Slavic Light-Headed Relative Clauses." Slovene 6, no. 1 (2017): 118–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2017.6.1.4.
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The relativization systems of most Slavic languages include relative pronouns that can be conventionally labelled as ‘who’ and ‘which’ and differ in a number of logically independent parameters (etymology, animacy, grammaticality of attributive contexts, and morphological distinction for number and gender). Prior research has shown that the choice between ‘who’ and ‘which’ in Slavic languages is largely dependent on the head type. Some of the languages allow the ‘who’ pronouns to be used with pronominal heads, but not with nouns in the head, while in others, the pronominal heads in the plural are also ungrammatical with the pronoun ‘who.’ The present study aims to complement the available qualitative data on the distribution of the relativizers with quantitative data and to propose a unified account for all the observed tendencies. A corpus-based study was conducted in order to establish language-internal statistical tendencies comparable to the known grammaticality restrictions. The results show much agreement between the qualitative and quantitative tendencies. Thus, the head ‘those,’ unlike the head ‘that,’ is incompatible with the relativizer ‘who’ in Slovak, Polish, Upper Sorbian, and Lower Sorbian languages, while the same tendency is quantitative in Czech, Slovene, Serbo-Croatian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, and the older varieties of Russian. Corpus data suggest that there is also a stronger tendency for the relative pronoun ‘who’ to be avoided with the head ‘those’ than with the head ‘all.’ One more relevant parameter is the semantic type of the clause, maximalizing semantics being the preferred option for ‘who.’ I suggest that all these and some other tendencies can be subsumed under a macro-parameter of the extent to which the head is integrated into the relative clause.
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Yarotska, Galyna. "LINGUOAXIOLOGY OF KINSHIP IN THE HISTORY OF EASTERN SLAVIC CULTURE." Odessa National University Herald. Series: Philology 25, no. 2(22) (December 16, 2020): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2307-8332.2020.2(22).235931.
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The purpose of this work is to study the language-systemic means of embodiment of the idea of kinship in ancient Eastern Slavic culture and the reconstruction of its conceptual base. Research of the dynamics of semantic and nominative space in the history of Russian culture allowed for the extraction of applicable/nonapplicable, evaluative, and semanticdensity of the following concept in historical retrospect. The ideological potential of kinship in current Russian discourse of international relations, where the module of kinship (brotherhood) of Eastern Slavic peoples is used as a frequent metaphorical model, forms semantic continuity of the axiocategory of kinship in Russian linguaculture. Its relevance is supported by language facts such as: the dense nominative field of kinship; frequency oflexemes related to kinship retains its high scores as shown by the Russian National Corpus; analysis of parallel corpuses of Eastern Slavic languages confirms the semantic continuity of the idea of kinship. Additional evidence from parallel corpuses will allow the confirmation or rejection of the idea of linguospecificity of the nominative field of kinship in modern Slavic linguacultures.