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1
Zhang, Jie, and Wenxin Lin. "Historical facts of literature and personality in research – about the compilation of the book “History of Russian and Soviet literary criticism of the XX century”." Neophilology, no. 24 (2020): 755–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2020-6-24-755-764.
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Russian literature is an important part of world literature and is studied all over the world. In comparison with the history of literature, the history of literary criticism is more an interaction between the objectivity of literary facts and the personality of the compiler of this history. This work presents a description of the personality in research using the example of the book “History of Russian and Soviet literary criticism of the XX century” written by Chinese scientist Zhang Jie, the main task of which is to provide a theoretical basis and methods of criticism for analyzing the mechanism of reproducing the meanings of literary texts and images. We analyze the functions of literary criticism and explain the interaction and harmony of objective historical facts of literature and the compiler’s personality in the study. We define three currents of Russian and Soviet literary criticism of the 20th century: religious and cultural criticism, real literary criticism, and aesthetic criticism. We prove that history reflects not only the objectivity of factors, but also its compiler’s personality, which is an indicator. We explain the need to coordinate the objectivity of historical facts and the subjectivity of the compiler, and we present a value-based reflection of a scientific linguistic personality in the Chinese ethnoculture.
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Kirillova, Natalia B. "Metamorphoses of Russian Mass Culture." Observatory of Culture 16, no. 5 (December 4, 2019): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2019-16-5-536-541.
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The article is a review of the monograph “Russian Mass Culture: From Baroque to Post-Modernism” by Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the Russian State University for the Humanities, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences I.V. Kondakov. The book, which consists of seven chapters, is devoted to the history of the emergence and development of mass culture in Russia from ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century. Studying its origins dating back to antiquity, the author proves that Russian mass culture received an “impulse of independence” in the 17th century, as the culture was becoming personified, which means a personal principle was coming forward in it. It was during that period, associated with the emergence of Russian Baroque, that two paradigms appeared — Pre-Renaissance and Pre-Enlightenment, which led to the subsequent juxtaposition of “mass” and “elite” cultures in Russia first before Peter the Great and then after his period. The author gives an interesting assessment to the period of the Russian Enlightenment of the 18th century, when there happened a demarcation of the noble culture into liberal-democratic and conservative directions. Moreover, the former contributes to “massification”, and the latter – to “individualization” of Russian culture. The crisis of the classical paradigm in the 19th century, including the “literature-centrism” and “critical-centrism” of Russian culture, ultimately led to the formation of new artistic movements, new genres and styles, that is, to the modernization of Russian culture at the turn of the 19th—20th centuries. In this regard, the Silver Age turned out to be an “exquisite and ephemeral construction of the Russian Renaissance” in paradoxical forms of symbolism and modernism.The review reflected the structural and substantive aspects of I.V. Kondakov’s monograph, the features of his theoretical analysis, the specifics of style and language. The article evaluates the publication, reveals its uniqueness and scientific significance for modern humanitarian science, including history and cultural studies, literary criticism and philosophy, art criticism and aesthetics.
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Liu, Miaowen, and Natalia Z. Koltsova. "Perception of works of V. Shklovsky in China." RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 24, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 462–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2019-24-3-462-476.
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The article is devoted to studying the long-term dissemination and perception of Viktor Shklovsky's works and ideas in China from the 1930s to 2010s, while providing a brief overview of the scientific articles of Chinese Russianists, who played a key role in studying the heritage of Shklovsky conceptual apparatus in Chinese literary criticism. Particular attention is paid to the category of estrangement, firmly included in Chinese literary studies and widely used in the analysis of works of Chinese literature and cinema, have been considered such concepts of Russian formalism as literary character, reception, since the early 80s of the 20th century adopted by the science of China. The article emphasizes that the history of the perception of the theoretical views of V. Shklovsky in China includes several stages, while a true study of his works, like Russian formalism in general, begins only in the 1980s of the 20th century. The artworks of Shklovsky in China began to pay attention only to the XXI century.
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Lamm, Mariya A. "The development of Belarusian literature in a multicultural context." Slavic Almanac, no. 1-2 (2020): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2020.1-2.6.04.
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Sinkova L. D. Between text and discourse: Russian literature of the XX-XXI century: history, comparative studies and criticism (lit. - crit. articles, conversations). - Minsk: Parkus plus, 2013. - 296 P. The main characteristics of the Belarusian literature development in the contest of 20th-21th century are demonstrated throughout the review. The key patterns of the poetics progression in Belarusian literature are revealed, alongside with the most noticeable algorithms of the national aesthetics establishment and the specifics of mythopoetic perception. Meaningful characteristics of Belarusian literature during Soviet period are examined particularly, especially the literature about Second World War. The national aspects of literary comprehension of the experience of German-fascist occupation in Belarusian literature during Soviet period are revealed. The important characteristic of the modern Belarusian literature after the Chernobyl disaster that has started in 1986, is emphasized upon.
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Orekhov, Vladimir V. "Background of Russian Imagology: Tradition as an Indication of Target." Imagologiya i komparativistika, no. 14 (2020): 143–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/24099554/14/7.
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Focusing on the history of Russian imagology, the article aims at identifying the origins of the imagological interests in research and public thought in Russia in the first and second thirds of the 20th century as well as research approaches of that time that may be required by modern imagology. This analytical insight arises from the endeavor of contemporary scholars to update and develop the imagology paradigm. The Patriotic War of 1812 and the entry of Russian troops into Paris in 1814 gave a powerful impulse to the imagological interests in Russian society. These events highlighted the irrational nature of European stereotypes and provided an opportunity for the Russian intellectual elite to observe how the European image of Russia evolves depending on the historical situation, which, in its turn, induced the Russians to collect and conceptualise the information about the image of Russia in European texts of different epochs. The Rossica Department in the Imperial Public Library was opened for the scholars to do bibliographic research of foreign publications about Russia. Commenting foreign essays about Russia was an important part of Russian academic and journalistic activity. Such publications regularly appeared in Syn Otechestva, Otechestvennye zapiski, Severnyy Arkhiv, Sovremennik, Biblioteka dlya chteniya, Russkiy vestnik, and Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnogo prosveshcheniya. The first imagological research proper was V.A. Klyuchevsky’s Skazaniya inostrantsev o Moskovskom gosudarstve [Legends of Foreigners about the Moscow State, 1866]. Without a critical analysis of foreign sources, the historian uses excerpts from different foreign texts to reconstruct an integral image of the Moscow state in the European consciousness. Although the first Russian imagological researches appeared in history, they laid the basis for the development of literary criticism. The book collection “Rossica” allowed Russian and foreign scholars (M.P. Alekseev, B.L. Modzalevsky, E.V. Tarle, M. Kadot) to study the Western literary opinion about Russia. Yu.M. Lotman relied on the imagological observations made by V.A. Klyuchevsky and his followers. Methodology of Soviet imagological research in literary criticism (M.P. Alekseev, B.G. Reizov, A.K. Vinogradov) was guided by the principles of history. These facts give grounds to speak about the formation of the Russian tradition of imagological researches, which has two characteristics: 1) following the principle of historicity and 2) focus on the functioning of the image of Russia in European literature of different epochs. In this context, it seems relevant for the Russian imagological works to focus on the phenomenon of “reverse reception” in Russian literature of the 19th century, that is on the Russian writers’ endeavor to comprehend the European image of Russia (to create a “meta-image”) and to oppose this image with their own holistic idea of Russia and its national features.
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Костригин, А. А. "HISTORICAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL IDEAS OF A.P. NECHAEV. PART 1: HISTORY OF LITERATURE, LITERARY CRITICISM, HISTORICAL PSYCHOLOGY." Институт психологии Российской академии наук. Социальная и экономическая психология, no. 1(21) (April 12, 2021): 252–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.38098/ipran.sep.2021.21.1.010.
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Статья посвящена Александру Петровичу Нечаеву (1870-1948), выдающемуся отечественному психологу и педагогу первой половины XX в. В данной работе А.П. Нечаев показан как историк психологии. Рассматриваются историко-психологические работы и взгляды ученого по трем направлениям: анализ историко-литературных работ, в которых освещаются идеи, связанные с исторической психологией; анализ работ, освещавших состояние психологии на рубеже XIX-XX вв. и об отдельных персоналиях современной Нечаеву психологии; анализ специальных историко-психологических и историко-философских работ. В первой части представляются историко-литературные и литературно-критические работы: «Об отношении Крылова к науке» (1895) и «Поэзия А.Н. Майкова. Критический очерк» (1898). Отечественный психолог анализирует взгляды И.А. Крылова на ученых и научную деятельность, выраженных в художественных метафорах и отражавших общественные и народные представления о науке. Рассматривая творчество Майкова, Нечаев показывает, что поэзия может выполнять психологические задачи: с одной стороны, она влияет на эмоциональное состояние читателя и на развитие его личности, с другой - выражает внутренние особенности самого поэта, и необходима ему для удовлетворения собственных потребностей и стремлений. Несмотря на то, что напрямую эти работы не касаются проблематики истории психологии, они показывают интерес Нечаева к историко-научным исследованиям, а также могут быть отнесены к области исторической психологии, поскольку в них представлено изучение образов ученого и поэта и их психологические качества, характерные для XIX в., через художественное творчество и литературу. The article is dedicated to Aleksander Petrovich Nechaev (1870-1948), an outstanding Russian psychologist and teacher of the first half of the 20th century. In this work, Nechaev is presented as a historian of psychology. The historical-psychological views and works of the scientist in three directions are considered: analysis of historical and literary works in which ideas related to historical psychology are presented; analysis of works covering the state of psychology at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries and dedicated to Nechaev’s contemporaries in psychology; analysis of special historical-psychological and historical-philosophical works. The first part presents the historical-literary and literary-critical works of Nechaev: «On Krylov's attitude to science» (1895) and «Poetry of A.N. Maikov. A critical sketch» (1898). The Russian psychologist analyzes the views of I.A. Krylov on scientists and scientific activities, expressed in artistic metaphors and reflecting public and popular ideas about science. Considering the work of Maikov, Nechaev shows that poetry can perform psychological tasks: on the one hand, it affects the emotional state of the reader and the development of his personality, on the other hand, it expresses the inner characteristics of the poet himself, poetry is necessary for him to satisfy his own needs and intentions. Even though these works do not directly relate to the problems of history of psychology, they show the interest of Nechaev to historical-scientific research, and can also be attributed to the field of historical psychology: through artistic creativity and literature, the author studies the images of a scientist and a poet and their psychological traits specific to the 19th century.
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Kachorovskaya, A. E. "On the Reception of the Myth of Prometheus in Austrian Literature of 19th-20th Centuries." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 3 (March 30, 2020): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-3-221-235.
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This article focuses its attention on the motive of resistance characteristic of Austrian literature of the 19th - 20th centuries, which is considered from the point of view of the historical and literary relationship with the myth of Prometheus. The history of the issue is reviewed. A selective analysis of the versions of the Promethean myth in the Austrian historical and literary context of the 19th-20th centuries, which is part of the pan-European literary and philosophical heritage, is given. The stylistic and genre originality of Austrian interpretations of the myth of Prometheus is proved on the basis of a study of a number of works. The artistic reception of the image of Prometheus in the poem by Z. Lipiner "Liberated Prometheus", little studied in Russian literary criticism is considered in the article. Attention is paid to the version of the Promethean myth in the literature of Austrian Art Nouveau (on the example of F. Kafka's little prose). The issue of conflicting trends in the development of Austrian literature of the 20th century, affecting the interaction of the motive of resistance with the Promethean myth, is investigated by the example of M. Gruber's essay. The correlation of the Austrian versions of the motive of resistance with the myth of Prometheus is proved. The results of the study confirm the significance of the Promethean myth in the Austrian reception of the 19th-20th centuries, which has more pronounced features of drama and theatricality in relation to the European context.
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Nosonovsky, Michael, Dan Shapira, and Daria Vasyutinsky-Shapira. "Not by Firkowicz’s Fault: Daniel Chwolson’s Comic Blunders in Research of Hebrew Epigraphy of the Crimea and Caucasus, and their Impact on Jewish Studies in Russia." Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 73, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 633–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/062.2020.00033.
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AbstractDaniel Chwolson (1819–1911) made a huge impact upon the research of Hebrew epigraphy from the Crimea and Caucasus. Despite that, his role in the more-than-a-century-long controversy regarding Crimean Hebrew tomb inscriptions has not been well studied. Chwolson, at first, adopted Abraham Firkowicz’s forgeries, and then quickly realized his mistake; however, he could not back up. Th e criticism by both Abraham Harkavy and German Hebraists questioned Chwolson’s scholarly qualifications and integrity. Consequently, the interference of political pressure into the academic argument resulted in the prevailing of the scholarly flawed opinion. We revisit the interpretation of these findings by Russian, Jewish, Karaite and Georgian historians in the 19th and 20th centuries. During the Soviet period, Jewish Studies in the USSR were in neglect and nobody seriously studied the whole complex of the inscriptions from the South of Russia / the Soviet Union. The remnants of the scholarly community were hypnotized by Chwolson’s authority, who was the teacher of their teachers’ teachers. At the same time, Western scholars did not have access to these materials and/or lacked the understanding of the broader context, and thus a number of erroneous Chwolson’s conclusion have entered academic literature for decades.
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Pechenkin, Alexander. "The Ensemble Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics and Scientific Realism." Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum 9, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2021.1.01.
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The article takes under consideration three versions of the ensemble (statistical) interpretation of quantum mechanics and discusses the interconnection of these interpretations with the philosophy of science. To emphasize the specifics of the problem of interpretation of quantum mechanics in the USSR, the Marxist ideology is taken into account. The present paper continues the author’s previous analysis of ensemble interpretations which emerged in the USA and USSR in the first half of the 20th century. The author emphasizes that the ensemble approach turned out to be a dead end for the development of the interpretation of quantum mechanics in Russia. The article also argues that in Soviet Russia, the classical Copenhagen (standard) approach to quantum mechanics was used. The Copenhagen approach was developed by Lev Landau in 1919–1931 and became the basis of the Landau-Lifshitz famous course on quantum mechanics, one of the classics of twentieth-century physics literature (the first edition was published in 1947). Although Vladimir A. Fock’s approach to the interpretation of quantum mechanics differs from the standard presentation by Lev Landau and Evgeny Lifshitz, Fock put forward a very important principle that complementarity is a “firmly established law of nature”. The fundamental writings of Lev Landau, Vladimir Fock and Igor Tamm, the authors of the mid-twentieth century, did a lot to defend the standard point of view such as the popular interpretations by Landau and Lifshitz. This approach can be traced back to Landau’s early writings and to Fock’s criticism of the ensemble approach.
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Shalygina, O. V. "Time and space in the motor aesthetics of A. Volynsky." Solov’evskie issledovaniya, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2076-9210.2019.4.100-113.
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The article describes the original aesthetic and philosophical concept – the motor aesthetics of Akim Volynsky. Volynsky uses the concept of «motor aesthetics» in the Kniga likovanii, describing the value of circular lines for the «all aesthetics, visual, sound and motor», and particularly pirouette for motor aesthetics. The term «motor aesthetics of Akim Volynsky» is used in this article for the first time and is studied by the author from an interdisciplinary perspective. Motor aesthetics is developed by Volynsky for plastic art as a language of description of classical ballet, he introduces the basic concepts, formulates the laws, defines the basic philosophical categories that underlie it. The importance of Volynsky's work on the formation of the language of classical ballet description is recognized in the professional environment and theater criticism. The study of the motor aesthetics of Akim Volynsky is relevant in connection with the study of the philosophical foundations of intermedial analysis. The article deals with the problem of time and space in the motor aesthetics of Akim Volynsky for the first time. The direct connection of Volynsky's later works on ballet with his early article on Kant is revealed, the conclusion about the originality of Volynsky's philosophical position in relation to the categories of time and space is made. Using the thesaurus of Kant's transcendental aesthetics, Volynsky defines the two-act structural relationship of time and space according to the «par coupe» (fr) principle, which he regards as universal. It was concluded of Volynsky's motorial aesthetics value not only in the history of classical ballet and theatre criticism, the history of of the Russian literature and philosophy of the late 19th - early 20th century, but also in the modern philosophical anthropology and ontology.
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Sulyak, S. G. "I.P. Filevich and Carpathian Rus Part 1. Biography." Rusin, no. 62 (2020): 32–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/62/3.
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Ivan Porfirevich Filevich (August 20 (September 1), 1856 – January 7 (20), 1913) – a Russian historian, publicist, and public figure, born in Chełm Land to the family of a Uniate priest, a native of Galicia, Orthodox. He graduated from St. Petersburg University, later taught Russian language, literature, and history at the First Realschule and at the Gymnasium of the Imperial Philanthropic Society in St. Petersburg. Since 1890, he worked at the Department of Russian History at the Imperial Warsaw University, first as an extra-ordinary professor, and since 1897 as an ordinary professor. His origin predetermined his interest in the history of Carpathian Rus, in particular Galicia and Chełm Land, and its population. In 1890, he received a Master’s degree for his work “The Struggle of Poland and Lithuania-Rus for the Galician-Vladimir Legacy”. In 1897, he defended his doctoral degree at Kazan University on “History of Ancient Rus. Territory and Population”. He frequently travelled across Carpathian Rus. Having retired in 1908, he devoted himself to journalistic and social activities. Ivan Filevich authored monographs: “The Struggle of Poland and Lithuania-Rus for the Galicia-Vladimir Legacy. Historical Sketches” (1890) and “History of Ancient Rus. Territory and Population” (1896), as well as numerous studies, among which were: “A Forgotten Corner” (1881), “Ugric Rus and Related Issues and Tasks of Russian Historical Science” (1894), “Sketch of the Carpathian Territory and Population” (1895), “On the development of geographical nomenclature” (1899), “Concerning the theory of two Russian nationalities” (1902), “The question of two Russian nationalities and ‘Kievan Antiquity’” (1902), “Carpathian Rus on the eve of the 20th century” (1905), “From the History of Carpathian Rus. Essays on Galician-Russian Life Since 1772 (1848–1866)” (1907) etc. Many of his minor materials (criticism and bibliographies) were published in Izvestia of the St. Petersburg Slavic Charitable Society, Slavic Review, Journal of the Ministry of Public Education, Warsaw University News, etc. In his last years, Filevich was actively involved in social and journalistic activities, popularizing scientific knowledge and informing readers about Western Russian, especially Chełm and Polish issues. His articles were published mainly in Novoye Vremya. He drew up notes and historical references for the development of legislative proposals on the Chełm and presented historical, statistical, and economic materials in the Duma commission on the separation of Chełm. Filevich managed to see the results of his work. The law “On the formation of Chełm province from the eastern parts of the Lublin and Sedletsk provinces, with its removal from the administration of the Warsaw Governor-General” was approved on June 23 (July 6) 1912. However, in fact, the province was officially opened on September 8, 1913, after I.P. Filevich’s death.
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Kozlov, A. E. "Satirical Weekly “Iskra”: Post-Folklore, Post-Irony and Post-Modern." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 20, no. 6 (August 11, 2021): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-6-19-34.
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Purpose. The reputation of the satirical weekly Iskra is traditionally determined by the political context of the Russian Empire in 1860s. Despite the fact that in the first years of its existence, the publication attracted writers of various fractions, views, and convictions, Iskra was perceived as a radical magazine, “…another department of Sovremennik”. Moreover, Iskra’s defamations and attacks against provincial and capital officials, and writers have become an inte gral part of the everyday life of the 1860s. Individual articles and whole issues have been banned and censored, though this policy only promoted and strengthened the reputation of weekly. Later, reflecting the importance of the magazine, the Soviet literary criticism established a typological relationship between Iskra by Kurochkines brothers and the left-wing newspaper of the same name published by V. I. Lenin at the beginning of the 20th century. This article attempts to reinterpret Iskra, implying a “weakening” of the sociological and political aspects of interpretation in favor of the aesthetic ones.Results. The article put forward a hypothesis that publications such as Charivari, Punch, and Iskra can be considered from perspective of modern discursive practices: post-folklore (the phenomenon of variable text and multiple authorship), post-modernity (discrediting the classical heritage or its carnival rethinking) and post-irony (deconstruction of modern leaders of opinion, self-exposure). Based on the study of prosaic and poetic parodies and satire, graphic texts - cartoons and serials (comics), the author analyzes the specificity of the construction and presentation of Russian reality as an anti-world. The article contains fragments of prose and poetic feuilletons by D. D. Minaev, V. P. Burenin, and M. Stopanovsky, many of which are published for the first time.Conclusion. Iskra as a product of the polemical journalism of the Russian Empire in 1860s displayedan experience of a new aesthetics (a kind of anti-aesthetics), synthesizing schoolchildren (cartoons) and decadent subcultures (Baudelaire translations). Apparently, the 8000 subscribers included not only a radical and democratic reader but also a general audience, equally tired of the official tone of government periodicals and the moralizing of the progressive camp. Demonstrating Russian life as the so-called ‘antiworld’, Iskra proposed a version of “carnival liberation”, which was probably reflected in the poetics of many contemporaries: M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, N. S. Leskov, F. M. Dostoevsky. In this regard, the issue of post-folklore, post-modernism, post-truth, and post-irony on the pages of Iskra rather remained unresolved. However, the change in perspective, it seems to us, enables reinterpretation of the previously collected data, allowing us to give a new interpretation.
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Nagornaya, Yana V. "А. М. REMIZOV AND FOLKLORE: ON THE ISSUE OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY." Philological Class 26, no. 2 (2021): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51762/1fk-2021-26-02-13.
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The article presents a critical review of research works on the topic “Folklore-literary interaction in the creative activity of A.M. Remizov” published in Russian. The study of the topic has been conducted mainly within the framework of literary criticism. Meanwhile, for a writer known for his commitment to preservation and innovative approach to traditional literary genres, folklore is one of the dominant sources of creativity. Currently, Remizov studies cannot boast of generalizing works on folklorism in the writer’s creative activity and on the influence of oral folk art genres on his artistic system, so one of the aims of the article is to attract scholarly interest to the issue and stimulate further research in this area. The publication gives a brief description of the current state of research on the problem, identifies the main vectors of its consideration and reveals the academic lacunae. The author analyzes the works, which deal with the creative heritage from the point of view of folklore studies and address the problems of the typology of folklorism and mythologism of the writer, clarify the range of folklore sources and the specificity of working with them, as well as the role and function of the author’s comments on the miniatures of Posoloni. These notes to the texts were created under the influence of a literary scandal related to the accusation of the writer of plagiarism. The assessment of the events around this incident by specialists in Remisov studies and folklorists does not coincide, the article outlines prospects for further research. The author undertakes a detailed description of the influence of the texts of calendar rite, spiritual verses, fairy tale, conspiracy-spell tradition, folk drama, children’s folklore and Russian folk pictures on the writer’s creative activity. For the first time, the author poses a hypothesis about the possible influence of the aesthetics of rayok (“World Cosmorama”) on the work of A. M. Remizov by the example of the fairy-tale novella “What is Tobacco”, which which depicts the reformatting of the apocryphal model by artistic means of lubok and rayok. The analysis of numerous studies made it possible for the author of the article to conclude that the writer’s creative activity does not only reflect the real diversity of folklore genres but also such specific features of them as oral format and variability. The results of the study can be used in the design of the course of the history of Russian literature and folklore studies of the beginning of the early 20th century, in the studies dealing with folklore-literary interaction, and in popularization and publication of folklore texts.
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Юрченкова, Оксана Николаевна. "ON DRAMA POETICS AND MORE… THE HISTORIOGRAPHIC REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY OF PROFESSOR VALENTINA YE. GOLOVCHINER." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 5(211) (September 7, 2020): 206–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2020-5-206-227.
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Введение. Статья приурочена к 75-летнему юбилею профессора В. Е. Головчинер и посвящена анализу ее научной деятельности. Цель статьи – определить этапы и направления научно-педагогической деятельности ученого. Материалы и методы. Материалом исследования послужили научные труды (статьи, доклады, монографии) В. Е. Головчинер и ее учеников. Систематизация и описание результатов научной работы ученого осуществлялись в сопоставлении с ведущими концепциями отечественной филологии. Результаты и обсуждение. Впервые научное наследие В. Е. Головчинер рассмотрено как целостное явление; выявлены принципы, которыми руководствовался ученый в разные периоды научной деятельности; выделены ключевые идеи ее работ: 1) формирование эпической драмы как специфического направления в отечественном литературном процессе ХХ в., обусловленного культурно-историческими обстоятельствами и имеющего две типологические разновидности – метафорическую и метонимическую – с характерными чертами поэтики; 2) специфика художественного произведения во многом обусловлена родовыми чертами, поскольку каждый род литературы имеет свои выразительные возможности; 3) закономерная смена жанровой парадигмы в эпоху неклассической поэтики приводит к тому, что канонические жанры уступают место авторским моделям творчества, выступающим в качестве нового способа завершения художественного целого. Теоретическая значимость исследования: научное наследие В. Е. Головчинер введено в историко-научный контекст; освещены основные направления ее исследований; проанализирован эвристический потенциал теоретических положений и кратко охарактеризованы тезисы основных работ. Практическая значимость исследования: выводы и результаты исследования могут быть использованы при составлении рабочих программ филологических дисциплин, разработке учебных материалов, пособий по истории отечественного литературоведения. Заключение. Научные разработки профессора В. Е. Головчинер не только являются концептуальными в отдельных вопросах теории литературы, открывают интересные историко-литературные факты, но и отражают общие тенденции филологической науки, развивают достижения томской школы литературоведения, изучающей отечественную драму. Introduction. The article is devoted to the 75th anniversary of professor V. Ye. Golovchiner. Aim and objectives. The aim of the article is to determine the stages and directions of scientific and pedagogical activity of Professor V. Golovchiner. Material and methods. The research material (articles, reports, monographs) by V. E. Golovchiner and her students served as the material for the study. The systematization and description of the results of scientific activity was carried out in comparison with the leading concepts of Russian philology. Results and discussion. For the first time, her scientific heritage is examined as a whole; the principles are revealed by which the scientist was guided during the different periods of her scientific activity; the key ideas of her papers are selected: 1. the formation of an epic drama as a specific direction in Russian literary process of the 20th century caused by cultural-historical conditions and having two typological versions – metaphorical and metonymical – with characteristic features of poetics; 2. the specifics of an artwork is in many respects caused by ancestral features as each literary genre has its own expressive possibilities; 3. the natural change of a genre paradigm during the era of nonclassical poetics leads to that the initial genres give way to the author’s models of creativity which represent a new way to end of an artistic whole. The theoretical relevance of the research: V. Ye. Golovchiner’s scientific heritage is introduced into the historical scientific context; the directions of her scientific activity are studied; the heuristic potential of theoretical positions is analyzed and theses of the main papers are shortly characterized. The practical relevance of the research: the conclusions and results of the research can be used to develop work programs of subjects in different areas of philology, to develop the teaching materials, guide books on the history of Russian literary criticism. Conclusion. The author of the paper comes to conclusions that the scientific developments of the professor are not only conceptual in certain questions of the theory of literature, open interesting historical literary facts but also reflect general trends of a philology science, develop the achievements of Tomsk school of literary criticism studying Russian drama.
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Kisieliūtė, Ingrida. "Literature and Economics. Another Way to Read the Text." Respectus Philologicus 28, no. 33 (October 25, 2015): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2015.28.33.3.
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At the end of the 20th century, the study of literature was supplemented by such new methods as biopoetics, geopoetics, new historicism, etc. The New Economic Criticism, a new approach to the literary text, was found in the United States in the late 20th century. The present article discusses the main aspects of the aforementioned area of the study of literature and as well presents the possible approaches to literary texts from the economic perspective. The New Economic Criticism does not aim to become a method or tendency; thus, it givesthe freedom for a researcher to choose the perspective on the relationship between the literature and economics. The above-mentioned kind of analysis may be found in the English-speaking countries; whereas, the Russian literature has still remained unconsidered; however, Russian scholars are attempting to look at their fiction through the eyes of an economist. In Lithuania, the kind of research has not been found yet. Therefore, the article suggests one of the possible economic approaches, i.e., the analysis of the financial practices of the protagonist of The Gambler by F. Dostoyevsky.
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Komkov, Oleg. "The Vertical Form: Iconological Dimension in 20th Century Russian Religious Aesthetics and Literary Criticism." Literature and Theology 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/litthe/fri056.
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Bijan, Amanj N. B. "Kurdish studies in Russia in the early 20th century." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 190 (2021): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2021-26-190-158-165.
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We consider the history of studying the history of Kurds in Russia in the early 20th century. The plans of cooperation between the Russians and Kurds against the Ottoman Empire are analyzed. We consider the socio-political and research activities of Russian politicians and scientists in the framework of solving the Kurdish issue. Research on Kurdistan, which began in the 19th century, continued and developed in Russia. Along with military and strategic studies, there were studies of Kurdish clans and Kurdish society. In addition to Russian scientists, Russian diplomats also contributed to the development of Kurdish studies. Before World War I, Russia tried to establish consulates and shopping centers in Kurdish cities. In the early of 20th century in Russia, Kurdish studies were developing rapidly, which was due to both the international situation and the activity of well-trained specialists-orientalists. Often they, like V.F. Minorsky and I.A. Orbeli, combined official (diplomatic) and research activities. Active role in the formation and development of Kurdish studies played N.I. Marr and A.S. Shamilov, who had no formal linguistic education and has been at the epicenter of political processes in the Soviet historiography and linguistics (repression, criticism of “marisma”). Despite the complex political processes of the early 20th cen-tury, it was during this period that the main ideas about Kurdish history and the Kurdish language were formed, and the main scientific schools were formed, which were developed after 1945.
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Kan, Sergei. "“True Heirs to a Heroic Russian Past” or “Russians in Name Only”: Sitka Creoles as Seen by the Late Nineteenth Century Russian Orthodox Clergy." Journal of Frontier Studies 5, no. 4 (December 14, 2020): 12–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/jfs.v5i4.211.
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The paper examines the criticism levelled against the Creoles of Sitka (persons of Russian and Alaska Native descent) by the Russian Orthodox priests who came to minister among them in the late 19th-early 20th century. These clergymen accused their parishioners not only of immorality but also of not being truly Russian, as far as their language and culture were concerned. By focusing on this criticism, the paper explores the symbolic significance of Alaska’s Russian colonial and missionary history and its legacy in the conservative nationalist ideology of the Russian Orthodox clergy. Particular attention is paid to the causes to which this clergy attributed the decline of the Russian culture and devotion to Orthodoxy among the Creole population of this frontier American/Alaskan town.
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Dvornichenko, Andrey Yu. "“History Misappropriation or Compreension?” (Russian Lihuanian Studies in the 19th and the Beginning of the 20th Century)." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 58 (August 1, 2020): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2020-0-2-219-236.
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The abundant Russian historiography of the medieval history of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian-Russian State) has become in the last decades the centre of the discussions and is often subject to groundless criticism. This historiography was not very lucky in the Soviet period of the 20th century either, as it was severely criticized from the Marxist-Leninist position. When discussing Russian historiography the author of this article is consciously committed to the Russian positions. There are no reasons to consider this historiography branch either Byelorussian or Ukrainian one, as that was really Russian historiography, - the phenomenon that formed under the favorable specific conditions of Russian Empire before the beginning of the 20th century. The said phenomenon can be studied in different ways: according to the existing then main trends and schools or according to their affiliation with specific universities of Russian Empire. But according to the author of this article the best way to study the issue is in accordance with the main concepts of history. And then the pre-revolutionary historiography appears as an integral scientific paradigm that turns out to be the most divaricate branch of the Lithuanian studies of the time. It created, in its turn, the most vivid and objective historical picture that can still serve as the basis for the studies of Lithuanian-Russian state.
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Butenina, Evgeniya M. "Russian Classics in the USA Transcultural Canon." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 18, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2021-18-2-165-175.
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The issue of the canon (the most studied and taught classics) is one of the most important in the world literature system. The paper briefly outlines the formation of the USA literary canon since the middle of the 19th century and details the formation of the Russian segment in the transcultural canon since the late 20th century. In the history of the USA canon formation, the institutional or sociological model (Jonathan Culler, Stanley Fish, Paul Lauter), which argues that social institutions respond to ideological demands, and the aesthetic model embodied by Harold Blooms Shakespeare-centered Western Canon stand out. An up-to-date approach to the canon assumes taking both models into account, as well as the perception of the canon as cultural memory. Anthologies are most important sources of documenting the canon. For the 20th century American literature researchers distinguish three phases formed by the leading literary trends: historiographic (1919-1946), new critical (1947-1967) and multicultural (1967- present). Based on the analysis of Norton and Longman anthologies, as well as a popular textbook The Bedford Introduction to Literature since the late 20th century to the present, the paper highlights the Russian core in the USA transcultural canon, which became the source of creative reinterpretation in contemporary literature. The present research is to be continued through the study of the Russian literature canon in specialized editions to outline a comprehensive history of the Russian-American cultural transfer.
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Biloveski, V. "Russian Literature for Children and Juveniles in Slovak Translations." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 9, no. 2 (April 10, 2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9103-2020-45-50.
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The paper discusses the Slovak translations of Russian literature for children and juveniles in the 20th century. It focuses on the translations which represent the classics of children’s reading for Slovak children and juveniles. It also compares the situation of translating Russian literature for children and juveniles into Slovak before 1989 and after that as well as and the quailty of translations in those two different periods of history of Slovakia.
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Sukhova, Natalia Yu. "The “Idea of the University” in the Russian Theological Academies (19th and Early 20th Centuries)." Slovene 6, no. 2 (2017): 400–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2017.6.2.16.
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For the first time, the Humboldtian university model is considered against the background of the 19th- and early 20th-century history of the Russian theological academies. The influence of educational ideas — direct or mediated by the experience of Russian universities — upon higher theological schools is traced along different historical phases delineated by two reforms: one that, between 1808 and 1814, introduced certain university elements into the life of the academies, and another that, in 1869, ushered in the research university model in its entirety. The author concludes that the fundamental principles of the research university significantly affected the further development of Russian theological scholarship, stimulating processes of specialization within the field and triggering the use of the method of historical criticism in all branches of theology. At the same time, however, some of the elements of the research university model failed to meet the specific needs of the theological schools. The application of methods of historical criticism, in turn, prompted speculation about the divine inspiration of the Scriptures, the affiliation of theological scholarship with the Church, and the limits of freedom in theological scholarship.
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Dyachenko, Yulia V. "LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC CRITICISM OF THE BRONTE SISTERS' WORKS BY RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH STUDIES OF THE 20TH-CENTURY LITERATURE." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 390(1) (January 1, 2015): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/390/2.
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Ruge, Jing, and Irina V. Monisova. "The state of researches of modern Russian female prose in Сhina." RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 25, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2020-25-2-277-286.
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In the 80s and 90s of the 20th century, womens literature in Russia began to rapidly develop and become recognized as a special phenomenon - for the first time after the last turn of the epoch: Soviet literature was rarely considered in Russian literary criticism from a gender point of view. The creativity of modern women writers became a vivid phenomenon in the context of the Russian literary process, revealed a unique female view of many socio-psychological problems, and in its own way reflected the historical turning point experienced by Russian society. In China, traditionally sensitive to Russian culture, the growth of female literature in Russia was noted almost immediately, and Chinese scientists have so far achieved considerable results in studying the specifics of themes, plots, typology of heroes, artistic styles, and the language of Russian female literature. This article is aimed at summarizing the current state of research on the work of Russian writers in China. It presents both generalizing works and materials devoted to individual writers personalities (L. Petrushevskaya, T. Tolstaya, L. Ulitskaya).
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Ivanovich Kolonitskii, Boris. "The Genealogy of the “Leader of the People”: Images of Leaders and the Political Language of the Russian Revolution of 1917." Russian History 45, no. 2-3 (August 31, 2018): 149–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04502002.
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Boris Kolonitskii continues his studies of the cult of Alexander Kerensky in 1917 and the larger issues of the vocabulary used to describe leaders and the nature of cults and their relationship to authoritarianism in Russian and Soviet history. He reviews the linguistic fields surrounding such revolutionary figures as Miliukov, Rodzianko, Chernov, Plekhanov and Lenin and shows how politicians may become hostages of their own rhetoric. Hero image terminology can sanctify the leader. But even negative publicity or criticism can lead to the strengthening of the cult image. The construction of cults is subject to reversals and shifting creativity. Cults have pre- histories and are vital to our understanding of 20th century politics.
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Brukhanchik, Ekaterina A. "The Russian historiography of the credit and financial system of the Russian Empire (1861–1914): approaches to the study, methodology and research methodology." Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, no. 3 (July 31, 2019): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2019-3-101-109.
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The article is devoted to the Russian historiography of the credit and financial system of the Russian Empire of the second half of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century. Its purpose is to study the main methodological approaches to research of the credit and financial system of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century in pre-revolutionary, Soviet and modern historiography by identifying the main approaches and characteristic features of research on this topic in different historiographic periods, identifying the most prominent representatives and the most popular problematic issues of Russian historiography, identifying key research methods at different stages. The relevance of the article is determined by the coverage of different points of view on the problems of the development of the credit and financial system of the Russian Empire of the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, concerning the financing of large infrastructure projects, modernization, the use of new financial instruments to increase government revenues, stabilize adverse macroeconomic problems context. This information can be used to solve modern strategic tasks of the state and rational use of financial resources. The novelty of the research is determined by the fact that to study the historiography of the credit and financial system of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries was first applied to institutional evolutionary theory. The publication identifies the main features of pre-revolutionary historiography (empiricism, a reflection of the ideology of its social group, pluralism of opinions, deep erudition of the authors), Soviet (conducting research in the framework of the formation approach, officially approved methodological principles, criticism and repression of dissidents), modern (rejection of the formation approach, the use of information technologies, the use of economic research methods, the study of the object in the context of new directions). The author covers research methods (general scientific, historical, economic), characteristic for different periods of Russian historiography, the most popular problems, and areas of study of the credit and financial system (gender history, biography, everyday history, etc.). The article shows the pluralism of opinions of pre-revolutionary researchers, the results of the application of the formation approach by Soviet researchers, expressed in the harsh criticism of predecessors, one-sided coverage of events, the use of various research methods by modern researchers, and the development of new directions.
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Shaulov, Sergey S. "The Idiom “Twice Two is Four” in Russian Literature of the 20th Century." Проблемы исторической поэтики 18, no. 3 (July 2020): 266–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j9.art.2020.8182.
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<p>The idiom “twice two is four” along with its variations is seen in the article as a marker of the situation of an “underground man”. In literature of the twentieth century the “underground” in its ethical and philosophical aspects has expanded its meaning, becoming the context of a utopian and antiutopian thought, absorbing the tragic experience of Russian culture after Dostoevsky. Of course, the widespread locution “as sure as twice two is four” does not always point at this variety of meanings, but it can be reached only in combination with the psychological type of the “underground man”. Thus, the image of Stalin in the novel “the First Circle” by Alexander Solzhenitsyn is considered as a variation of the “underground” consciousness. The problems of philosophical, history related to the evolution of this type of consciousness and actualized in this novel, remain important for modern literature. Another version of this philosophical collision is given in Victor Pelevin’s anti-utopian novel “S.N.U.F.F.”. In both of these cases, the situation of the underground person becomes a picture of a psychological and historical catastrophe. The negative development of the analyzed arithmetic formula in Russian literature of the 20th century encourages to look for another pole of tradition outside the “main” cultural domains. One of the variants of a moral escape from the trap of the “underground consciousness” can be found in the poetry of Alexander Bashlachev. The mythopoetical plot of the song “Verka, Nadka, Lyubka” is an exceptional variant of the development of the “underground man” topic. A starting point of the plot is just the formula “twice two is four”. The genre shift from lyricism to allegorical epic gives the poet an opportunity to reconstruct the Easter ideal of Russian culture, even if in a tragic and provocative form, close to the tradition of Russian foolishness for Christ.</p>
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Khodakivska, Yaryna. "Classical and non-classical verse: terminological aspects." Terminological Bulletin, no. 5 (2019): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2019-5-15.
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The paper deals with the expediency of using the terms classical verse and non-classical verse in Ukrainian versification studies. They are borrowed from Russian scientific discourse. The article shows the semantics of these terms in Russian versification studies. The phrase classical verse in works on poetry has wide semantics and means different types of poetry for different literatures: syllabic, quantitative, etc. In the first half of the 20th century Borys Tomashevsky began to use the phrase “Russian classical verse” to refer to the syllabic-tonic verse along with the accent verse. In 1959, he narrowed the semantics of this phrase and used it for syllabic-tonic verse only. Such a decision was motivated by the fact that in the “golden time of Russian literature” (19th century) syllabic-tonic verse was the prevailing system of versification, unlike the syllabic verse that could be rarely found in the Russian literature, and the tonic verse that was starting to develop during Tomashevsky’s time. Thus, in the studies of Russian poetry, the phrase classical verse became the term (acquired termhood) with the meaning of “syllabic-tonic verse”. In 1974, Mikhail Gasparov created the antonymic term “non-classical verse”, which marked other types of Russian verse: syllabic, tonic. Both terms became widespread in Russian poetry. Ideological as well as political and cultural conditions for the development of the Ukrainian science in the 20th century promoted uncritical replication of evaluative judgments expressed by Russian scholars in the Ukrainian poetry. The terms classical verse (as syllabic-tonic) and non-classical verse (as non-syllabic-tonic) having the component of estimating semantics faced the abovementioned situation. They were borrowed and applied in the Ukrainian poetry with the same meaning as in the Russian ones. Halyna Sydorenko, Natalia Kostenko, Olena Kytsan and others used these terms in their works. However, the history of the Ukrainian verse differed from the history of the Russian verse. The syllabic verse occupies a significant place therein, whereas the tradition of using it extends to the first half of the 20th century. The greatest Ukrainian poet Taras Shevchenko and many of his followers wrote syllabic-verse poems. Pavlo Tychyna used the syllabic verse in the 20th century. Therefore, the exclusion of syllabic verse from the notion of “classical verse” in relation to the Ukrainian literature is unjustified. These terms in Ukrainian verification studies have false motivation. They are used incorrectly in Ukrainian versification sources. This terminological situation needs adjustment.
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Rudova, Oksana S. "Nikolai Gogol's text in the works of Vladimir Nabokov: the history of foundation of the issue in criticism and literary studies." Vestnik of Kostroma State University, no. 2 (2019): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2019-25-2-148-153.
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The author of the article tried to trace the formation of the idea about the connection of the works of Vladimir Nabokov with Nikolai Gogol's tradition based on the material of the Russian émigréecritics’ works of and literary critics of the 20th—21st centuries. This process is considered as a progressive one, largely specified by the development of researching idea. The émigréecriticism saw the reason for the similarity these writers’ works in their similar aesthetics based on the relationship of the perception of the world and the human. In turn, literary studies of the late 20th century presented a new way of comparison, where Nabokov's prose is considered to be a complicated fiction on the whole, in which there is not only Nikolai Gogol's subtext, but also allusions to the other writers’ works, called "polygenetics". The author of the article offers a generalisation of methodological nature, indicating different types of literary links.
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Qinyan, An. "The Fate of the Russian inTelligentsia in the XX Century. Re-Reading Milestones." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 3 (2021): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-3-113-127.
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The article provides an analysis of historical events in Russia in the 20th century from the point of view of the influence of the Russian intelligentsia on them, its theoretical and practical activities. The starting point for the author is the collection Milestones (1909) and the criticism of the intelligentsia, which is the main meaning of the articles in this collection. The author shows that, despite the great influence of the intellectuals on the fate of Russia, they was not able to fully realize its ideals, and the fate of many of them was tragic. Their ideals were in contradiction with the real life of Russia, and later of the Soviet Union, they did not take into account the peculiarities of the development of the Russian and then the Soviet state and society. Their attempts to go against social practice inevitably ended in failure, while the desire to act in accordance with social practice often led to results that were contrary to their ideals. According to the author, the fate of the Russian intelligentsia in the 20th century confirmed the correctness of the materialist understanding of history, according to which, in the absence of ideals, movement forward has neither a driving force nor a direction, and without reliance on practice, all ideals turn into utopia. Therefore, the correct solution to the problem of connecting excellent ideals and objective practice is a matter of high political art. In the process of modernizing a backward state, the intelligentsia has a special mission.
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Sizov, Sergey E. "Philosophical Origins of the Organic Theory of Salvation in Orthodox Theology." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 462 (2021): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/462/10.
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The historical study of modern Orthodox theology is a very important process, which is only now finding its place in science. Orthodox dogmatic theology can only seem static, while a closer examination can reveal the processes of decomposition, change and mutation. This article analyzes the theological history of the organic atonement theory, with Vladimir Lossky as its main advocate. The appearance of several atonement theories in theology (along with the criticism of legal theory – a traditional theory peculiar to academic education) highlights the reasons leading to such an unusual state of affairs. In the author’s opinion, this situation is one of the indicators for the changes in theology under the influence of new philosophical trends. The links between the organic atonement theory and philosophical research were noticed as early as in the 20th century. However, the issue has been still insufficiently explored. In connection with this, one of the objectives in this article is a thorough consideration of the way the Russian religious thought participated in the development of the 20th-century Orthodox theology. The largest school of religious philosophy at the beginning of the 20th century was the philosophy of unitotality, which was supported by many famous authors, including theologicians Sergei Bulgakov, Lev Karsavin, Sergei and Evgenii Trubetskoy, Vladimir Ern, Pavel Florensky, et al. The Russian philosopher Vladimir Solovyov was the initiator of this movement. The thinkers mentioned above and the authors of “organic” theology (in particular, Lossky and Georges Florovsky) are linked not only by their biographies, but also by common themes, methodological guidelines and objects of criticism. Thus, one of the key features of the “organic” atonement theory is the idea that Jesus Christ adopted the common human nature, and it exists as real and integrated in every single human hypostasis. In the author’s opinion, this viewpoint is not specific to Russian Orthodox theology before the 20th century. It was indeed inspired by the philosophy contemporary to Lossky. We can find the same ideas in the works by Karsavin and archpriest Bulgakov, whose teachings influenced Lossky’s views. At the same time, Lossky tried to dissociate himself from philosophy and remain a theologician. However, the author undertakes to demonstrate that not all of his resources are in the patristic tradition. In this regard, we cannot speak about imitation. On the contrary, we discuss the unconscious adoption of some topics, images and methodological techniques by Lossky from his opponents and teachers.
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Chernyakhovskaya, Yulia. "Political Project and Flaws of the Socialist System Criticism: A.I. Solzhenitsyn vs I.A. Efremov." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 66 (February 20, 2019): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2019-0-1-169-174.
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The article offers comparative analysis of the biography and work of the two famous Russian writers, philosophers and public figures – I.A. Efremov (1908–1972) and A.I Solzhenitsyn (1918–2008), whose political activity started in 1950-iess. and continued throughout the second half of the 20th century. 2018 was the anniversary year for both thinkers as that year we celebrated the centenary of A.I. Solzhenitsyn and the 110th anniversary of I.A. Efremov. Both thinkers professed the ideology of statism and conservatism and represented two schools of Soviet philosophy; they became leading figures in the directions featured in their creative work. At the same time their views on the goals of literature and public work were diametrically opposite, and the present article is devoted to the study of the present issue.
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Tsyb, S. V., and T. V. Kaigorodova. "Russian Printed Paskhalistic Books of the 18th — Early 20th Centuries." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 3(119) (July 9, 2021): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2021)3-10.
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The article deals with the process of transformation of the old handwritten tradition of describing Paskhaliya into a printed one. Understanding the calculations of the day of Easter was important for the daily life of the population of Ancient Rus, and therefore Old Russian writers paid attention to describing the rules of Easter calculations. For a long time, these descriptions took the form of handwritten manuscripts. After the reforms of Peter the Great in Russia, works of this genre began to take the form of printed editions. The authors aim to consider the features of the transformation of the handwritten manuscripts into modern books. As part of study, it has been found that the descriptions of Paskhaliya, published in the typographic way first, tried to repeat the handwritten samples, but then began to turn into popular descriptions of the rules for calculating Easter. Moreover, the authors of these writings looked to the development of new ways of calculating the dates of the Easter celebration. It has been linked to the fact that after the authors-priests (18th century), secular writers (journalists, officials, officers, etc.) joined the genre of describing Paskhaliya in the first half of the 19th century. The way of transformation of Paskhalistics into an entertaining genre of popular-science literature became likely, but in the second half of the 19th century the representatives of academic science restored the scientific status of this field of knowledge. At present, the achievements of the science of Paskhaliya have become an important element in the study of the chronology of ancient Russian history. In modern science, studying the history of timekeeping, Paskhalistics became one of the necessary elements for studying the chronology of ancient Russian history. It can be recognized that the printed editions of Paskhaliya played an important role in the development of modern chronological science.
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Ibragimov, Marsel I., and Elmera M. Galimzyanova. "Identity Discourse in Theoretical Works of Tatar Literary Critics at the Beginning of the XX Century." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 16, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2019-16-2-228-238.
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The subject of the research is the identity discourse in literary works of Tatar literary figures at the beginning of the 20th century (G. Ibraghimov, G. Sagdie, G. Battala, N. Dumavie, G. Rakhim). The coexistence of Eastern and European literary terms and concepts, which indicates the reception of works by Russian and European scientists and the transformation of traditional views on literature, caused by Eastern poetics influence, was established in the works under study. The research was carried out in the context of the problem of identity that is relevant to contemporary literary criticism. For the first time, literary works of Tatar writers and scholars are considered as one of discursive practices in which the national identity of Tatar literature is manifested. It is revealed that the discourse of identity in the analyzed works is problematic in two aspects: civilization aspect (the problem of East and West) and national aspect (the problem of literary science as one of the factors of national construction).
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Thagazitov, Yuriy M., Almira M. Kazieva, and Fatima T. Uzdenova. "Genesis of the novelty thinking in Russian language Kabardinian literature of the 80s of the 20th century." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 4 (July 2021): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.4-21.131.
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The article is an attempt to “re-read and rethink” the novels of Russian-speaking Kabardian writer M. Elberd “Terrible way to Oshkhamakho” and “Look for where you didn’t hide” at the level of modern literary experience. The authors focus on the complex, multifaceted interweaving of a single, essentially self-national and Russian-language literary process. This approach allows us to see new facets of artistic and sociocultural interrelations in the evolution of novel thinking. The particular interest of the Russian-language novel in history is connected with the important problem of how people choose their own destiny. The most important criterion in the North Caucasian Russian-speaking Romanticism remains the widespread world perception of the people: this circumstance emphasizes the importance of the orientation of Kabardian literature of the 80s of the 20th century to folk mythology, Adyg etiquette, the cycle of legends about Zhabagi Kazanoko, enlightenment, creativity of the classics of Kabardian literature Ali Shogentsukov and A. Keshokov. The article uses an integrated approach. It combines elements of typological, systemic-holistic and historical-literary analysis. The research methods are structural-analytical, synchronous-comparative, hermeneutic.
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Mustafayeva, Nailya B. "Stanza form of mukhammas in Azerbaijan lyrics in 20th century." Neophilology, no. 21 (2020): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2020-6-21-76-84.
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In Azerbaijan literature of the early 20th century mukhammas were created, they were distinguished by the search for new forms and the problematic range. For example, Sabir began mukhammas with beit (couplets) of tarji, repeated it at the end of each stanza. Many other poets repeated a similar technique afterwards. There are other features of the mukhammas of the specified period; the topic in general covered lyric and poetic, patriotic, social and political, philosophical, and religious issues. The patriotic mukhammas included a description of the nature beauties, the motherland defenders courage, the impulses of those who strove for the progress of the country, for its freedom. The number of satirical mukhammas increased. Takhmis (imitations) were written on classical poems, including Fuzuli’s ghazals. At the early 20th century in Azerbaijan, as well as in other places of the Russian Empire, political activity grew among the population. The famous poet Mahammad Hadi wrote in his mukhammas about the need to achieve freedom. After all, only free people can achieve true progress and prosperity. In Soviet times, a number of poets continued to write their poems in the classical style. Poets such as V. Abbaszade Hammal, M.S. Ordubadi, A. Nazmi, Mikayil Rafili, Ali Nazim, Suleiman Rustam, Mikayil Mushfig praised their native land in their mukhammas, at the same time they did not forget to note the role of the Communist Party in the prosperity of the country. A lot of poems were devoted to international events, criticism of the imperialist forces. During World War II, Aliaga Vahid in his mukhammas predicted German fascism an inevitable defeat, expressed admiration for the heroism of Soviet soldiers. In the second half and at the end of the 20th century, the number of mukhammas on religious themes is growing in Azerbaijan poetry. A number of poets have moved from writing poetry in the classical nazm style to the mukhammas genre.
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Koltsova, Natalia. "The Program of the Academic Discipline “The History of Russian Literature of the late 19th – early 20th century”." Stephanos Peer reviewed multilanguage scientific journal 40, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24249/2309-9917-2020-40-2-119-128.
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Subotic, Milan. "Moscow, the third Rome: A contribution to history of Russian messianism, 2nd part." Filozofija i drustvo 22, no. 2 (2011): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1102105s.
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In the second part of the text about the Filofei?s doctrine of ?Moscow, Third Rome,? the author deals with its reception in later periods of Russian intellectual and political history. Although this doctrine in its original form had no explicit imperial or foreign-political connotation, this paper analyzes the interpretations of the ?Third Rome idea? that had significant political consequences. Internally, this idea was used by Prince Kurbskii for the criticism of Ivan the Terrible?s politics (XVI Century), as well as the rejection of the church reforms of Patriarch Nikon in the Old Believers? literature (XVII Century). However, the revival of interest in the idea of the ?Third Rome? characterized the Russian nineteenth century when the discussions on the relationship between Russia and the West emerged. Criticizing the reforms by Peter the Great, the classical Slavophiles found confirmation of the Russian cultural originality and superiority in the past of traditional Muscovy. The author highlights the differences between religious-philosophical and geopolitical interpretations of Russian messianism in the works of Russian Slavophiles and Panslavs. In the final section of this article, Russian messianic ideas are put in a relation with the birth of nationalism in the context of the Russian Empire. In this way, the author?s findings call into question the widespread interpretation of the ?Third Rome messianism? as a distinctive and exceptional Russian characteristic.
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Moskovskaya, D. "FROM THE HISTORY OF 20TH-CENTURY LITERARY POLITICS. ‘LITERARY HERITAGE’ [LITERATURNOE NASLEDSTVO] AS AN ACADEMIC INSTITUTION." Voprosy literatury, no. 1 (September 30, 2018): 296–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2018-1-296-333.
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A review of the editorial archive of the Literary Heritage [Literaturnoe nasledstvo] book series at the Manuscripts Department of the Russian Academy’s Gorky Institute of World Literature. The emergence of the new archaeographical publication, Literary Heritage, was at odds with the political context of the early 1930s. I. Zilbershtein’s personality and extensive connections in the publishing world, as well as the favourable disposition of the RAPP (Russian Association of Proletarian Writers) and Stalin himself, helped to launch the series and made sure that it endured despite the RAPP’s downfall and to meet the program’s goals to ‘explore the archived riches’ and ‘bring out the hitherto unpublished’. It was thanks to the utmost erudition of LH’s authors and reviewers that their editorial office remained a platform that accumulated both archival discoveries and contemporary challenges and ideas. LH’s survival amid constant scrutiny from the party and official censorship was the result of often obscure forces and political schemes put to work. It was driven by personal interests and scholarly collaborations and rivalries, something that broadly defined the trends in literary studies of the 21st century.
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Guo, Siwen. "I. Turgenev’s novel “Rudin” in Chinese literary studies." RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 24, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2019-24-3-433-443.
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The work of I. Turgenev was translated into Chinese in the first half of the twentieth century and later spread widely in China, having a great influence on the new generation of Chinese writers. At the same time, more and more literary critics began to study the works of Turgenev. Extensive research and analysis, as well as the study of works from different angles, contributed to a better understanding of Turgenev and Russian literature by Chinese readers. The article discusses the publications of Chinese litterateurs and critics from the second half of the 20th to beginning of the 21st century, the work of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, notes the enduring interest of the Chinese audience to the work of Russian prose writer, in particular, to the novel “Rudin”. Special attention is paid to the prose writer's “path” to the novel; it is proved that the high interest of scientists to Dmitry Rudin, the protagonist of this novel, caused by Chinese specifics and the relevance of many problems associated with this image. The article explains the evolution of the attitude of the Chinese to Rudin: from agreement with Russian researchers considering him as a superfl person to disagreement with them. At the same time, Rudin is compared with typically similar images in Chinese literature. An analysis of Turgenev's works by Chinese literary critics will provide detailed information for future studies in international literary circles, and can also lay the foundation for finding differences between Chinese and Russian literary criticism.
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Magulov, M. B. "THE PROBLEM OF STUDYING THE MILITARY HISTORY OF THE HISTORY OF KAZAKHSTAN." Herald of KSUCTA n a N Isanov, no. 4-2020 (December 23, 2020): 568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2020.4.568-574.
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This article examines the historical and military-historical research of Soviet, Kazakh and Russian scientists, the history of the creation of the armed forces on the territory of Kazakhstan, their formation and development. In Soviet historiography, the development of all national republics, especially their military history, was interpreted through the prism of the history of Russia or the Russian people. For many years, materials from this period (from the beginning of the 20th century until the collapse of the USSR) were not covered in the historical literature. For ideological reasons, the colonial policy of the Russian Empire was hushed up, especially during the First World War, when the "eastern aliens" were not drafted into the regular army, were used only in rear work, because the ruling elite did not trust them with weapons. This period has now begun to be viewed in a different way on the basis of new sources and began to acquire new content. At the same time, the author is guided by such a principle of scientific knowledge as historicism, consistency, comparatively comparable analysis and generalization.
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Brannigan, John, Marcela Santos Brigida, Thayane Verçosa, and Gabriela Ribeiro Nunes. "Thinking in Archipelagic Terms: An Interview with John Brannigan." Palimpsesto - Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras da UERJ 20, no. 35 (May 13, 2021): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/palimpsesto.2021.59645.
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John Brannigan is Professor at the School of English, Drama and Film at University College Dublin. He has research interests in the twentieth-century literatures of Ireland, England, Scotland, and Wales, with a particular focus on the relationships between literature and social and cultural identities. His first book, New Historicism and Cultural Materialism (1998), was a study of the leading historicist methodologies in late twentieth-century literary criticism. He has since published two books on the postwar history of English literature (2002, 2003), leading book-length studies of working-class authors Brendan Behan (2002) and Pat Barker (2005), and the first book to investigate twentieth-century Irish literature and culture using critical race theories, Race in Modern Irish Literature and Culture (2009). His most recent book, Archipelagic Modernism: Literature in the Irish and British Isles, 1890-1970 (2014), explores new ways of understanding the relationship between literature, place and environment in 20th-century Irish and British writing. He was editor of the international peer-reviewed journal, Irish University Review, from 2010 to 2016.
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Legeżyńska, Anna. "Translatologia z perspektywy końca (wieku)." Przestrzenie Teorii, no. 1 (February 15, 2007): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pt.2002.1.8.
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When summing up the history of translatology in the second half of the 20th century, the author points to undoubtful achievements of this discipline as well as disputable questions and tasks for the future. She proves that the postmodern conceptions of the exhaustion of literature (Lyotard) are not reflected in studies of translation. Just the opposite, this field has been developing dynamically, although its autonomy is still questioned. The chance of translatology is its interdisciplinary character, relation with methodology of linguistic studies, using the theory of interpretation and the theory of intertextuality. Some of the questions which are disputed are: equivalentisation, non-translatability, opposition of archaisation and modernisation. In the sphere of postulates is the synthesis of Polish knowledge on translation, Formation of proper criticism of translation and codification of terminology. All these motifs of considerations are supported by references to the most important conceptions and trends of the 20th century translatology.
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Kostova-Panayotova, Magdalena. "The Russian Futuristic Experiment: the Language of the Poetic Resistance." Scientific knowledge - autonomy, dependence, resistance 29, no. 2 (May 30, 2020): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v29i2.18.
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The main Avant-garde trend in the first third of the 20th century, Futurism, through its various groups and creative personalities, upholds its own conception of art and creator, strives to give a contemporary image of the world, to reveal the hidden essence of things, the inner relation of the elements. According to Futurism, art is meant to change lives, but not as it seems in the writings of nineteenth-century realists: by influencing the rational and changing the mind of the reader. The development of a new artistic expression, in a new poetic language, the use of contemporary forms of artistic conditionality have become major tasks for the generation of poets and artists from the 1910s. Poet futurists reduce the language of literature to its traditional understandings, neglect its inherent rules and laws, because they accept it as something external to the subject, which impedes the expression of its essence. From the depiction of the object to its expression - this is how the break in the creative mind of the futuristic author can be characterized. The linguistic revolution, effected with poetic means by the futurists, is a desperate and utopian attempt to acquire the organic integrity of the world, thirsting for its transformation. Thanks to futurism, the register of poetic techniques was expanded in the 20th century and directions were created for the creation of new expressive means of writing poetic text.
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Shaidurov, Vladimir. "The Siberian Polonia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th century in the Polish historiography." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.3600.
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The period between the 19th – early 20th century witnessed waves of actively forming Polish communities in Russia’s rural areas. A major factor that contributed to the process was the repressive policy by the Russian Empire towards those involved in the Polish national liberation and revolutionary movement. Large communities were founded in Siberia, the Volga region, Caucasus, and European North of Russia (Arkhangelsk). One of the largest communities emerged in Siberia. By the early 20th century, the Polonia in the region consisted of tens of thousands of people. The Polish population was engaged in Siberia’s economic life and was an important stakeholder in business. Among the most well-known Polish-Siberian entrepreneurs was Alfons Poklewski-Koziell who was called the “Vodka King of Siberia” by his contemporaries. Poles, who returned from Siberian exile and penal labor, left recollections of their staying in Siberia or notes on the region starting already from the middle of the 19th century. It was this literature that was the main source of information about the life of the Siberian full for a long time. Exile undoubtedly became a significant factor that was responsible for Russia’s negative image in the historical memory of Poles. This was reflected in publications based on the martyrological approach in the Polish historiography. Glorification of the struggle of Poles to restore their statehood was a central standpoint adopted not only in memoirs, but also in scientific studies that appeared the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. The martyrological approach dominated the Polish historiography until 1970s. It was not until the late 20th century that serious scientific research started utilizing the civilizational approach, which broke the mold of the Polish historical science. This is currently a leading approach. This enables us to objectively reconstruct the history of the Siberian Polonia in the imperial period of the Russian history. The article is intended to analyze publications by Polish authors on the history of the Polish community in Siberia the 19th – early 20th century. It focuses on memoirs and research works, which had an impact on the reconstruction of the Siberian Polonia’s history. The paper is written using the retrospective, genetic, and comparative methods.re.
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Isyangulov, Shamil N. "Wardship and Guardianship of Bashkirs in the 1840s – Early 20th Century." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 20, no. 1 (2021): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-1-115-124.
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The article discusses the development of the institution of wardship and guardianship over children-orphans of Bashkirs in the 1840s – the beginning of 20th century. The aim of the study is to show the legal basis and the process of establishing guardianship of a minor orphan in Bashkir-Meshcheryak army, their implementation in the canton and post-reform periods. The article thoroughly analyzed the legislative framework for the introduction of wardship and guardianship: the decree of 1843, a circular of the Governor-General dates 1858, the articles about Bashkirs of 1863 with changes in 1865, a number of articles of the 1858 circular since it was contrary to the Sharia law. It is noteworthy that these documents do not specify the role of a Muslim judge in the appointment of a guardian, since the procedure usually was a part of the duties of the Yurt foreman. Using various examples, the study shows guardians and trustees were under the strict control of the authorities. The audits of guardianship reports provides statistical data demonstrating the growth of the number of Bashkirs under wardship during the cantonal period of management. Based on the archival cases on the sale of property of orphans by guardians the article considers the development of wardship and guardianship. The archival findings demonstrate that in the case of wardship and guardianship of Bashkirs in the post-reform period, the all-Russian legislation had been applying primarily. The analysis of the above-mentioned sources leads to the following conclusion: initially the development of wardship and guardianship among Bashkirs was dominated by all-Russian laws, taking into account only some rules of the Sharia and customary law.
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Kõvamees, Anneli. "Literature Defined by Language? Some Remarks on the Definition of Estonian Literature." Interlitteraria 24, no. 1 (August 13, 2019): 236–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2019.24.1.17.
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In the era when multiculturalism is one of the key concepts and the relationship between foreign and own is shifting, the definition of national literature has been in the centre of discussions. In Estonia the issue has been raised most prominently in connection with the Estonian Russianlanguage writer Andrei Ivanov (born 1971) whose works have turned out to be difficult to classify. How to define Estonian literature? Is it a literature written in the Estonian language, literature written by Estonians, literature associated with Estonia or is it a literature written in Estonia? Especially small nations like Estonians tend to define one’s identity according to the language spoken and ethnicity, not the citizenship. There are various significant shifts in Estonian literary history, for example, when the beginning of Estonian literature is discussed, then Baltic German authors are included but when the Estonian literature made by Estonians is born in the 19th century, Baltic German literature disappears from Estonian literature, although Baltic German literature continued until the 20th century. The aspect of value plays a significant role, as what is included or excluded in the literary history is associated with ideological choices. It is only recently that the inclusion of Baltic German literature into Estonian literature is taking place. The position of Estonian Russian literature has also shifted from rejection and periphery in the spotlight and the works by Andrei Ivanov have played a crucial role in that process. Taking the Estonian Russian-language literature and Baltic German literature as examples, the article addresses the question of defining (national) literature.
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Petrov, Alexej, Angelina Dubskikh, and Anna Butova. "Historiosophy & Eros in Russian anacreontics." SHS Web of Conferences 55 (2018): 04016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185504016.
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“Love is the eminence grise of history”, – once one of the greats of the past said. Few doubt that history is driven by human, more or less conscious interests – economic, political, religious, etc. As for feelings, passions and instincts, their role in the historical process is not so obvious, particularly of those that are connected with policy or economy indirectly. The objective necessity to rehabilitate the position of Eros in the political life of 18th-century Russia determines the significance of the current research. The article aims to analyse how the feeling of love and/or the underpinning instincts of procreation and self-preservation affect the political life and the course of history. The most important task is to examine some of the poetic texts of the 18th – early 19th centuries, the authors of which are the part of this still non-trivial historiosophical paradigm. So, it is mainly going to be about love, but not always – about love poems. The novelty of the conducted research lies in the fact that mythological and political issues of Anacreonic poetry have already become the matter of literary criticism [1, 2], while the hidden historiosophical senses have been still neglected. Certain creative works of the 18th-century poets: M.V. Lomonosov, G.R. Derzhavin, S.S. Bobrov served as research material. The practical significance of the investigation consists in the fact that the results can be used for further studying of 18th-century literature and historiosophical problems as well as to develop special courses in historical poetry.
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Radzetskaya, Olga V. "Educational and Methodical Literature for the Clavier and Piano in the History of Russian Music Publishing of the Second Half of the 18th — Early 20th Century." Observatory of Culture 17, no. 6 (February 10, 2021): 657–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2020-17-6-657-668.
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The Russian piano school is a unique phenomenon in the global cultural space, a multifaceted and creative phenomenon, a source of creative insights and vivid interpretations. The history of Russian piano performance is deeply and comprehensively studied and is characterized by a wide semantic range. A special place in it is occupied by educational and methodical literature produced by major music publishers in Moscow and St. Petersburg during their formation and development.The appeal to this topic is connected with the need to create a primary idea of the activities of music publishers for the production of educational materials in the historical dynamics and perspective. This complex process can be perceived as a synthesis of European traditions and Russian experience — a multidimensional multifunctional landscape of the era, illustrative reflection of important events in the cultural life of the country.The specificity of the problem has an impressive demonstration volume. It includes the strategy and tactics of development of Russian music publishing companies, production of educational and scientific-methodical literature by Russian and foreign authors, stages in the development of piano art, increase in the production output, achievements of the Russian piano school and its unique pedagogical experience.“P. Jurgenson” company’s catalogues, stored in the Russian State library, reflect the trends and directions that were dominant in the educational literature for piano. They include well-established, tested methods of piano playing, collections of exercises, and anthologies that enriched the pedagogical repertoire with compositions to develop of the technical base of students and expand the arsenal of its expressive means. The study aims at a primary classification of “P. Jurgenson” publishing house’s educational resources recorded in its catalogues of the late 19th — early 20th century.
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Ivanova, E. V. "A. A. Blok Working on the Project One Hundred Best Russian Books. Appendix. Russian Writers Ranged by the Date of Birth (18th, 19th and 20th Century)." Russkaya literatura 4 (2020): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/0131-6095-2020-4-109-127.
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The article examines the history of M. Gorky’s obscure project "One Hundred Best Russian Books", which was to be published at the Publishing House of Z. I. Grzhebin. Blok, N. Gumilev, K. Chukovsky, E. Zamyatin, Ivanov-Razumnik, N. O. Lerner contributed to the project. Block saw it as a chance to summarize the development of the pre-revolutionary Russian literature. The article details Blok’s approach to making the list of one hundred best Russian books; preparatory materials reflecting Block’s guiding principles are also published. The Appendix contains the list of 250 books compiled by Blok at Gorky’s request.