Journal articles: 'Russo-Turkish War'

1

Stepanov, V. L. "The Russo–Turkish War, 1877–1878." Russian Studies in History 57, no. 3-4 (October 2, 2018): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2018.1620030.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Lepăr, Ana-Maria. "Bucharest during the Russo-Turkish war 1828–1829." Hiperboreea 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/hiperboreea.2.1.0086.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This article presents the image of the Bucharest during the Russo-Turkish war 1828–1829. Compared to the Russo-Turkish war from 1806–1812, which was more documented in the Romanian historiography, the 1828–1829 conflict can be restored from the testimonies of foreign travelers, most of which are soldiers of the Russian army crossing the Romanian territory. The available information about Bucharest is related to the number of citizens, the general image of the city, the mixture of Eastern and Western influences, the merchandise that was being sold, the way that the population perceived the Russians, and the power games played by boyars who were seeking various benefits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Lepăr, Ana-Maria. "Bucharest during the Russo-Turkish war 1828-1829." Hiperboreea. Journal of History 2, no. 1 (2015): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/hiper.2015.885.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Vereshchagin, Alexander N. "Batumian Cases: the Ruling Senate on the Property Rights of Turkish Subjects." Zakon 20, no. 8 (August 2023): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37239/0869-4400-2023-20-74-78.

Full text

Abstract:

The article deals with the approach of the Ruling Senate to the controversial issues of land rights of Turkish subjects in the regions annexed by Russia as a result of the Russo-Turkish war of 1877–1878.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Hamit, KARASU. "Brian L. Davies - The Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774." OTAM(Ankara, no. 42 (2017): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1501/otam_0000000734.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Belgorodsky, Valerii S., Maria G. Kotovskaya, and Elina G. Shvets. "Sociology of Everyday Life: Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 through the Eyes of Artists." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 65 (2022): 279–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2022-65-279-296.

Full text

Abstract:

The study examines the place and role of the work of artists at the headquarters of the armies and in the media during the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878. Sketches and detailed sketches were necessary as visual documents for reports in the military department, for publication in the Russian periodical press and for personal use of high-ranking officials of the belligerent army. With the beginning of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, drawings and sketches for the media were sent to the editorial offices of the capital's newspapers by writers, reporters and artists who served under conscription or were in the active army. The paper deals with a number of aspects of the social life of artists at the headquarters of the armies and in the location of the Russian troops. The research drew upon sources and materials of a sociological, historical and fine arts nature on the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878. The authors of the paper come up with a reasoned hypothesis about conceptual change towards the issue of admission of the media to the theater of military operations. The conclusions of the study include highlighting that it was exactly the verbal and visual content of materials about the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, contributed by artists, journalists, writers, that raised patriotic sentiments in Russia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Seidametov, Eldar Kh, and Amet-han A. Sheykhumerov. "Tatars on the military service to the Ottoman sultans." Golden Horde Review 12, no. 2 (2024): 399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2024-12-2.399-413.

Full text

Abstract:

Research Objectives: Studying the contributions of the Crimean and Nogai Tatars to the military efforts of the Ottoman state from the moment that the Crimean Khanate fell under the Turkish protectorate until the mid-19th century. Research materials. The article is based on an analysis of sources and rich historiographical material, the works of domestic and foreign scientists on the topic of research. Results and Novelty of the Research: An analysis of sources and historiography shows that over the centuries, thousands of Tatars (Crimean, Nogai, Kazan) fought in the ranks of the Ottoman army. The participation of the troops of the Crimean Khanate significantly strengthened the capabilities of the Sultan’s armies. After the joining of Crimea in 1783, thousands of Crimean and Nogai Tatars left the territory of the Khanate and continued to fight against Russia. In 1787, the Ottoman authorities proclaimed the revival of the Crimean Khanate. The armed forces of the Girays fought against the Russians and Austrians in the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1791. After the war of 1787–1791, despite the liquidation of the Khanate, the Ottoman government continued to actively involve Tatars in military service. The Tatar cavalry fought on the side of the Sultan in the Russian-Turkish wars of 1806–1812 and 1828–1829. Military personnel of the Dobruja Tatar Regiment took part in a number of key events in the Turkish military history of the 19th century. During the Crimean War (1853–1856), the combined forces of British, French and Turkish troops landed in Crimea. The allies, at the same time, used the help from the Crimean Tatar population. Later, Crimean Tatars also participated in Turkish wars, such as the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 and World War I (1914–1918).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Rubacha, Jarosław. "Front bałkański wojny rosyjsko-tureckiej 1877–1878 w publikacjach warszawskiego dziennika „Kurjer Warszawski”." Bracia, wrogowie, renegaci. Słowiańszczyzna i muzułmanie na Bałkanach w xix i xx w. 150, no. 2 (2023): 263–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844069ph.23.016.17953.

Full text

Abstract:

The Balkan Front of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 in the publications of the Warsaw daily “Kurjer Warszawski” The Russo-Turkish war of 1877–1878 is an important element of the international relations in the 19th century, which not only constituted the rivalry between great powers to expand or secure spheres of influence, but also brought about a significant transformation of the political map of the European continent in its south-eastern part. The war, waged under the banner of the “cross against the crescent” slogan, was perceived with optimism by the Balkan nations experiencing Turkish rule, nevertheless they interpreted the Berlin Treaty ending this conflict as an attempt to limit their national goals. These issues, important from the point of view of European politics, were closely followed by the only mass medium of the time – the press. One of the newspapers that commented on the war in the Balkans was the daily newspaper “Kurjer Warszawski” that was being published in Warsaw from 1821, whose editors did not limit themselves to presenting agency reports, but also made successful attempts to critically analyze the situation at that time. Therefore, the newspaper appears to us as an interesting source of information about the events taking place in the Balkans.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Popek, Krzysztof. "Liberation and exile: The fate of civilians during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 in Bulgarian and Turkish historiography." Prace Historyczne 148, no. 3 (2021): 515–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844069ph.21.035.14011.

Full text

Abstract:

The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 is traditionally called as the “Liberation War” by the Bulgarians. The conflict led to gaining freedom from the “Turkish Yoke” and started creation process of the modern Bulgarian state. The Turkish perspective on these events is significantly different. The War of 1877–1878 is remembered through the lens of the tragic experience of refugees (muhajirs) and the suffering of the Muslim civilians linked to the pogroms, emigration and exile. The paper will focus on the depiction of the fate of civilians during the conflict in contemporary Bulgarian and Turkish historiography, in which the topic is marked not only by the reliability of historical research, but also by the presence of stereotypes (as is the whole history of the 19th-century Christian-Muslim relations in Bulgaria).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Karkocha, Małgorzata. "‘Gazeta Warszawska’ on the Russo-Turkish War (the 1789 campaign)." Przegląd Nauk Historycznych 17, no. 3 (December 13, 2018): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1644-857x.17.03.06.

Full text

Abstract:

The article presents a selected campaign of the Russo-Turkish War, which Turkey fought with Russia and its ally, Austria, in 1787–1792. The Author used the reports of „Gazeta Warszawska” – a leading information magazine, published in 1774–1793 under the editorial supervision of an ex-Jesuit, Father Stefan Łuskina, as the principal source of information. Throughout the entire conflict, Łuskin’s newspaper reported regularly (almost in every issue) on activities on the eastern front. The editor-in-chief was an advocate of pro-Russian position, which did affect the information provided by the publication. The news from the Eastern War published in „Gazeta Warszawska” was selected in such a way as to show the superiority of the Russian army over the Ottoman fleet and army and to prove that the opponents of the Tsaritsa opponents would be inevitably defeated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Frolova, Marina. "Debunking the myths of historiography. Russians and Romanians at the capture of Rahovo (November 9, 1877)." Slavic Almanac 2022, no. 3-4 (2022): 56–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2022.3-4.1.02.

Full text

Abstract:

The capture of the town of Rahovo in Bulgaria (now Oryahovo) on November 9, 1877 does not belong to the significant events of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, but in the history of Romania, where this war is treated as a war for independence, it is interpreted as “an important moment of the operation to encircle the Plevna Ottoman grouping” and is on a par with the capture of Grivitsky redoubt No. 1 on August 30, 1877. There is a widespread claim in historiography that the Romanian detachment stormed Rahovo. The study of published documents, primarily the multi-volume “Collection of Materials on the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 on the Balkan Peninsula”, as well as the diaries of Russian officers who participated in this war, allows us to show how factual errors and historical myths arise. The article shows that the Russian-Romanian detachment solved a tactical problem — Rahovo was liberated from the Turks, and a Romanian garrison was located in it. But the fortifications and the city were not taken during the fight, the Romanian troops could not defeat the Turks in battle, and entered Rahovo only after the Turkish garrison had left it. The statements about the storming of Rahovo as well as Grivitsky redoubt No. 1 by Romanians refer to the same hoax, deliberately created in 1877 for the glory and growth of popularity of Prince Charles in Romania, to strengthen the authority of his dynasty.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Norris, Stephen M. "Depicting the Holy War: The Images of the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–1878." Ab Imperio 2001, no. 4 (2001): 141–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/imp.2001.0078.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Zorcu, Muratcan. "A Collection about the Russo-Japanese War in the Atatürk Library." GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON JAPAN, no. 5 (March 31, 2022): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.62231/gp5.160001a05.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper draws attention to a collection of the Atatürk Library in Istanbul because this collection has significant materials about the Russo-Japanese War from 1904 and 1905. Throughout and after the wartime, many of the Ottoman military staff translated military books about the war from different languages, as well as gathered numerous materials like postcards and maps in their own individual collections. It is impossible to highlight that this military staff were not solely from the collapse period of the Ottoman Empire but also were the founding fathers of the new republic in Anatolia and a military group. The Russo-Japanese War shaped the understanding of these figures, such as the top people from Marshall Mustafa Kemal [Atatürk] and General Kazım [Karabekir] to General Fahreddin [Türkkan] Pashas and the ordinary army officers. Pertev Bey [Demirhan], who was sent to this war as an observer by Abdülhamid II, also impacted the Ottoman military staff in the following years because he gave lectures at the Military School in Istanbul. We are able to understand and uncover the dimensions of the impacts of the Russo-Japanese War on the Ottoman military staff with the collection in the Atatürk Library. Accordingly, this collection helps us remember the impacts of the Russo-Japanese War on the mentality of the Ottoman military staff during the late Ottoman period, as well as the early phase of the Turkish Republic.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Kazakov, Gleb M. "Not just about Azov." Российская история, no. 2 (December 15, 2024): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2949124x24020047.

Full text

Abstract:

The essay reviews the book “The Russo-Turkish War of 1686–1700” by A.G. Gus’kov, K.A. Kochegarov, and S.M. Shamin. It touches upon the chronology of the conflict and the authors’ goal to give a comprehensive overview of the war as a prolonged series of clashes between Russian, the Crimean khanate and the Ottoman empire. It also highlights the authors’ decision to focus on the less known episodes of the war, such as the North Caucasian theatre of operations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Gusev, Nikita. "Appeals to the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 in times of military conflicts of the first half of the 20th century." Slavs and Russia, no. 2019 (2019): 342–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2618-8570.2019.15.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examines the emergence of the memory of the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-1878 in Russia in the ﬁ rst half of the twentieth century. It considers the three key, non-anniversary, and therefore in their true colours, mentions of the war - the Balkan wars, the First World War and the entrance of the Red army into the territory of Bulgaria in 1944. The difference between those moments is traced, the instrumental nature of historical memory is also high-lighted.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Vititnev, S. F., and A. V. Shmeleva. "Military prose by Vasily Ivanovich Nemirovich-Danchenko." Язык и текст 9, no. 4 (2022): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2022090404.

Full text

Abstract:

<p>V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko is considered to be one of the first professional military correspondents in Russia. He was called «the Russian Dumas» and «the king of war correspondents». He took part as a war correspondent in the military operations in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878, the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, and the First Balkan War of 1912-1913. Numerous works of fiction, essay prose, memoirs and war correspondence belong to his pen. The authors focus on the journalistic activity of V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko during Russia’s war against Turkey, the result of which is the liberation of Bulgaria from the Ottoman yoke, a reflection of the dramatic and sometimes tragic realities of the fighting. The article reveals how V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, by his example, created the image of an objective and faithful writer to the ideals of the Fatherland and laid the foundations and methodology of military journalism.</p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Fatima Jasim Mohammed Ali. "The Russo-Turkish War in Crimea and Nightingale's Role in It (1854-1855)." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 18, no. 2 (May 30, 2023): 395–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.18.2.0746.

Full text

Abstract:

In October 1853, the Ottoman Empire declared war on Russia, after a series of disputes over the holy places in Jerusalem and Russian claims to protect the Orthodox subjects of the Ottoman Empire. The British and French, allies of the Ottoman Empire, sought to check Russian expansion. The majority of the Crimean War took place in Crimea, Russia. However, the British troop base and hospitals for the care of sick and wounded soldiers were established primarily at Scutari (Uskudar), across the Bosphorus from Constantinople (Istanbul). As the war broke out, reports returned to Britain about the terrible conditions for the sick and wounded British soldiers. Popular on the mistreatment of wounded British soldiers, a friend of Florence Nightingale, the Secretary of War, Sidney Herbert, wrote to Florence and asked her to lead a group of nurses to attend the headquarters of the British forces. So Florence Nightingale volunteered to go to Turkey then known as Scutari, accompanied by thirty-eight women, including eighteen Catholic, Anglican and Roman sisters, to war.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Żejmo, Bożena. "Klasycy rosyjscy wobec konfliktu bałkańskiego 1875–1878." Studia Rossica Posnaniensia 40, no. 2 (February 26, 2016): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strp.2015.40.2.7.

Full text

Abstract:

The national liberation struggle of the southern Slavic peoples in the second half of the 19th century attracted the attention of Russian society, including writers. The Slavic question and especially the Russo-Turkish War inspired both writers and journalists to reflect on the cardinal problems of the development of Russia itself. The Slavic question turned into the Russian question.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

di Felice, Tiziana. "Research Project “Bulgaria in the Italian and Vatican Archives”: First Results of the Analysis of “Osservatore Romanoˮ’s Issues 148 and 148." Bulgarski Ezik i Literatura-Bulgarian Language and Literature 66, no. 3 (May 15, 2024): 334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/bel2024-3-7-8.

Full text

Abstract:

The main aim of the research project “Bulgaria in the Italian and Vatican Archives” is to find information about the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) and the Bulgarian people in the newspaper “L’Osservatore Romano”. This paper presents a possible method to analyse the issues of the newspaper, which is used for the analysis of issues 148 and 149.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Frolova, Marina. "Two-star general I.V. Gourko's Advanced detachment and the Bulgarians in the summer of 1877 (as remembered by the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 participants)." Slavs and Russia, no. 2019 (2019): 198–239. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2618-8570.2019.8.

Full text

Abstract:

The article is based on the significant number of published sources, foremost the memoirs of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 participants. It is written in the form of imagology and considers relations between the soldiers and ofﬁcers of the two-star general I.V. Gourko's Advanced detachment and the Bulgarians as well as recreates a multidimensional picture of these contacts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Manakhova, Angelina V. "Revisiting the Awarding of Correspondents of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2019): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2019-2-439-448.

Full text

Abstract:

The article is devoted to a brief analysis of the previously unknown archival file “On awarding of former newspaper correspondent Rose and Colonel Brukenberry.” It refers to military reporters William Kinnaird Rose and Charles Brackenbury who accompanied the army of the Russian Empire in the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-1878. William Rose represented provincial press of Great Britain; he wrote for the Scottish newspaper “The Scotsman.” Charles Brackenbury, Colonel of the British army, was absent with leave during the campaign; his reports were published in “The Times.” The file “On awarding of former newspaper correspondent Rose and Colonel Brackenbury” contains the correspondence of the Russian embassy in London with Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs N. K. Girs. William Rose made a request at the embassy to reward him for the last war campaign. This request was granted and a light bronze medal “In memory of the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-1878” was sent to the correspondent. Immediately afterward, Charles Brackenbury made a similar request; there is no information on the receipt of the award in his case. Researchers were aware of the awarding of several correspondents during the campaign, including Colonel Brackenbury, but not that it continued after the campaign. With the discovery of documents on the awarding in 1879, it can be said that the Russian authorities encouraged foreign journalists, possibly in order to maintain friendly state-to-state relations. The document also shows that the correspondents made their request at the Russian embassy in London; as far as we know, it was not habitual procedure during the hostilities, when command representatives applied for medals. It is also worth noting that information on the awarding of William Rose was not published previously in either Russian or foreign sources. The new material allows to deepen the existing knowledge on the activities of foreign correspondents in the Russo-Turkish war. The issue has been addressed rarely if ever, and always in precedent-setting, hence the author’s interest in the topic: for the first time in the history of journalism, relations with foreign and Russian correspondents were cultivated in the wartime; for the first time correspondents admitted to the theater of operation were recommended for state awards of the Russian Empire.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Nagashima, Iku. "日本陸軍将校の見たオスマン陸軍とその実態 Ottoman Military Organization and the Japanese Military Reports (1878-1908)." GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON JAPAN, no. 2 (March 31, 2019): 127–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.62231/gp2.160005.

Full text

Abstract:

This study introduces the military reports written by the Meiji era Japanese officers who observed the Ottoman Army between Russo-Turkish War to the Young Turk Revolution (1878-1908) and explores the Ottoman military organization based on Ottoman archival materials. Furthermore, it aims to reveal the contemporary images of the Ottoman Army with an in-depth analysis of its organization. Komatsu no Miya Akihito, Fukushima Yasumasa and Morioka Morishige; the three Japanese military officers who had observed the Ottoman Army, criticize it heavily, since they thought while its soldiers were competent for military services, its organization and command & control system was not operated efficiently. From the Russo-Turkish War to the Young Turk Revolution, the Ottoman Army had mainly served in the Unconventional War in Macedonia. Macedonia was the strategic destination for the Bulgarian Army, hypothetically the main enemy of the Ottoman Empire. Therefore, the Ottoman Army constantly increased the numbers of the divisions of the Third Army which was defending Macedonia. In return, the overcrowded Third Army started causing the entire formation of the Ottoman Army to lose its balance as well as coordination among its units. Excessive personnel numbers, complexity in organizational structure combined with a lack of a commander-general who could take independent decisions and coordinate effort was becoming the main threat for the Ottoman military affairs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Kochukov, S. A. "Eugene Tour – a Memoirist of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878." Series History. International Relations 15, no. 4 (November 30, 2015): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2015-15-4-32-37.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Tallon, James N. "The Russo-Turkish War, 1768–1774: Catherine II and the Ottoman Empire." History: Reviews of New Books 45, no. 3 (March 10, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2017.1294937.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Danchenko, Svetlana. ""Liberators" and "victors". Excerpts on the history of Russian /Soviet Bulgarian studies." Slavs and Russia, no. 2019 (2019): 359–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2618-8570.2019.16.

Full text

Abstract:

The article is devoted to the fundamental academic work «Liberation of Bulgaria from the Turkish yoke» (Vol. I-III. Moscow, 1961-1967) consisting of three volumes of documents and other materials. The work was arranged by members of the Institute of Slavic studies and USSR archive workers in collaboration with Bulgarian historians and archivists within the framework of international scientiﬁ c cooperation. The author considers the contents of this three volume work and pays special attention to the contribution made by historians specialising in the history of the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-1878 and «Liberation of Bulgaria» working on the edition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Churkina, Iskra. "Slavophiles and the government of Russia in times of the Great Eastern Crisis of 1875-1878." Slavs and Russia, no. 2019 (2019): 168–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2618-8570.2019.6.

Full text

Abstract:

The article describes the causes of the Great Eastern Crisis of 1875-1878 and the Western powers and Russia's attitude to it. Much attention is paid to the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-1878 and the reasons for its different perception by the Russian government and public, especially Slavophile circles of Russia. The author pays special attention to I.S. Aksakov and V.A. Cherkassky activities performed at the time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Tepkeev, Vladimir, and Namsyr Shikhanov. "Kalmyks in the Campaign of 1736, Kuban Front: A Case Study of Documents from the National Archive of Kalmykia." Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук 3, no. 19 (December 28, 2021): 37–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2021-3-19-37-63.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction. The article examines newly discovered documents to further analyze the participation of Kalmyks in the Russo-Turkish war of 1735– 1739. Goals. The work introduces new data on the actual circumstances to have preceded the involvement of Kalmyk cavalry into the campaign of 1736 and describes their combat activities. Materials and methods. The paper focuses on documents from the National Archive of Kalmykia — and specifically the then correspondence between Khan Donduk-Ombo, other Kalmyk landlords and regional authorities of South Russia — including dispatches and reports by Kalmyk affairs executives. The comparative historical method proved instrumental in compiling an event chronicle of the 1736 campaign on the basis of coinciding details contained in most of the sources studied. Results. The article publishes a total of ten documents describing the participation of Kalmyk cavalry in 1736 Kuban hostilities. Each of the former clarifies certain circumstances experienced by the Khanate during the military mobilization and sheds light on Kalmyk combat efforts supported by Kabardians, Don and Greben Cossacks. Conclusions. The introduced documentary materials shall significantly contribute to historical reconstruction of not only the Russo-Turkish war of 1735–1739 but also histories of all involved peoples across the North Caucasus and Black Sea Coast.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Alpeev, Oleg. "Russian Planning a War against the Great Britain, Austria-Hungary and Turkey Coalition in 1878." Slavs and Russia, no. 2019 (2019): 120–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2618-8570.2019.3.

Full text

Abstract:

The article considers Russia planning a war against the coalition of Great Britain, Austria-Hungary and Turkey in 1878. When the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-1878 was over, the Russian high military command attempted to resolve the Eastern Question and seize the Strait of Bosphorus and Constantinople. Having faced the opposition from Great Britain and Austria-Hungary, the Rus-sian command hesitated to capture Constantinople and the Bosphorus, which led to Russia's failure at the Congress of Berlin. War plans worked out by the General Staff and two-star general N.N. Obruchev, meant to help conduct military operations in the Balkans and Galicia were never realised.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Ibneeva, G. V., and T. N. Khasanov. "Participation of public organizations and people of the Middle Volga region in the charity movement during the period of the Russo-Turkish war of 1877–1878." Heritage and Modern Times 6, no. 3 (November 17, 2023): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52883/2619-0214-2023-6-3-233-244.

Full text

Abstract:

The article is devoted to the history of private charity in the Middle Volga region during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. It analyzes various aspects of the charitable and volunteer movement organized by the population of the provinces of the Middle Volga region. The article shows the role and degree of participation of the population in charitable activities and support for state policy during the war. Special attention is paid to the initiative of ordinary citizens, public organizations and private companies in the formation of the necessary material and technical base, military medical care and gathering donations to the Army.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Fisher, John. "The Forward View: Austen Henry Layard and the Russo–Turkish War of 1877." Maghreb Review 45, no. 3 (2020): 622–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tmr.2020.0017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Airapetov, O. R. "1829–1839: Russia's Foreign Policy on the Eve of the 1839 Events." Orthodoxia, no. 3 (May 22, 2024): 80–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.53822/2712-9276-2024-3-80-121.

Full text

Abstract:

The resolution of the Uniate schism marked a pivotal moment in Emperor Nicholas I's reign. Initially, there were no indications or plans for substantial changes in policies regarding the Empire's western territories. Petersburg adhered to the tradition of dialogue with the first estate, while Nicholas upheld his predecessor's stance towards the Kingdom of Poland. Viewing the Constitution of 1815 as part of his heritage, Nicholas assumed the title of King of Congress Poland and displayed considerable generosity towards his Polish subjects. Russo-BritishFrench collaboration on the Eastern question, particularly in addressing the pressing Greek issue, created favorable external political circumstances for Petersburg before the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829. This period seemingly marked the end of the monarchical solidarity of the Holy Alliance and preserved the status quo of the Vienna System. However, the revolutionary events of 1830 precipitated significant changes. The demise of the Bourbons severed the possibility of allied or partnership relations with Paris for the foreseeable future. Following the deposition of the Romanovs, sanctioned by the Sejm of rebels in January 1831, the Russo-Polish conflict erupted, resulting in the further dissolution of Polish statehood. Consequently, Emperor’s trust in the Polish nobility waned. The first Egyptian crisis of 1833 reignited tensions among European powers, and by 1836, relations between Petersburg and London teetered on the brink of war for the first time in years. The second Turkish-Egyptian crisis of 1839–1840 once again altered the diplomatical landscape. France, the most ardent supporter of the Poles after 1831, found itself isolated. Austria, as the second Catholic State, aligned itself with Russia. As for Great Britain, the religious policy of London, while supporting the Papal State in Italy, was quite distant from supporting Catholicism in their own territories, especially in Ireland. All these factors created favorable conditions for the reform of 1839.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Stone, James. "Reports from the Theatre of War. Major Viktor von Lignitz and the Russo-Turkish War, 187778." Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift 71, no. 2 (December 2012): 287–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/mgzs.2012.0010.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Putkaradze, Tariel, Mikheil Labadze, and Sopio Kekua. "Georgian and Turkish onymy in the speech of Georgian speaking Muhajirs living in the Düzce region (Turkey)." Onomastica 66 (2022): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.17651/onomast.66.13.

Full text

Abstract:

After the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, the Turkish authorities initially settled Muhajirs on the Black Sea coast of the Ottoman Empire. Some of their descendants have preserved their mother tongue and many historical traditions to the present day. There were about 150 villages in which Muhajirs from the Russian Empire were temporarily settled on Ottoman state owned lands (vakufs) between 1878pp1882. In those villages, descendants of Muhajirs (not only Georgians, but also Abkhaz-Abazas and North Caucasians) can still be found today. The present article deals with the onomastic material preserved in Georgian Muhajirs’ speech in the Düzce region (Düzce İli). Before 1878, the territory of modern Düzce was populated by different ethnic groups living alongside ethnic Turks. These included Orthodox Bulgarians from Thrace, Greeks and Bosnians. After the war, most of those peoples left the region for their historical motherlands, and the territory left by them was offered to Muhajirs coming from the South-western Georgia (Achara, Machakhela, Nigali…).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Filimonov, Dmytro. "Fortification of the period of the Russo-Turkish war of 1735–1739 near the Vorona river in the Dnipro Nadporizhzhya." Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 4, no. 2 (July 18, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26210418.

Full text

Abstract:

During the Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739, dozens of temporary ground fortifications were built on the territory of the lower Prydniprovya region to provide communication with the Ukrainian line of Russian troops operating in the lower reaches of the Dnipro and the Crimea. The same is true for the left bank of the cataracted part of the Dnipro river flow, along which the Dnipro army passed to the Crimea during the campaign of 1736, which resulted in the formation of Russian military outposts on this territory. These fortifications are still poorly explored both in terms of historiography and archaeology. Many of them are still not localized on the modern geographical map. Furthermore, the conditions of their topographic placement and features of the engineering configuration are not clarified. The current situation concerning this issue makes a comprehensive study on the events of the Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739, and especially its initial stage impossible. In particular, it is impossible to reconstruct the path used by the Dnipro Army during the Crimean campaign of 1736 without localization of field fortifications, as well as to study such important aspects as the organization of its supply and the establishment of courier communication with the Ukrainian line. The purpose of the article is to analyze the published written sources concerning the processes related to the construction and operation of the fortification of the Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739, located on the territory of the Dnipro Nadporozhzhya, near the Vorona river, as well as to determine the location of this fortification using the cartographic material and historiographical descriptions and to clarify the peculiarities of its engineering configuration. Research methods: systemic structural, chronological, geographical, comparative, descriptive. Core results: the article shows the reasons for the construction and functioning of the sconce built on the right bank of the Vorona River, the left tributary of the Dnipro river. The chronological framework for the existence of this fortification is specified; its role in the events of the Crimean campaign of 1736 is determined, and the composition and number of the garrison located in it are clarified. Through the use of cartographic material of the first half of the 18th century and the end of the 19th – first half of the 20th century, the location is determined and the conditions of topographic placement of the remains of the studied fortification before the construction of the Dnipro Hydroelectric Station Dam in the early 1930s are clarified. The features of fortification of this temporary field entrenchment are defined. The practical significance of the materials obtained in this research lies in the possibility of their further use in writing scientific articles and generalizing works on the history of Ukraine and Eastern Europe in the first half of the 18th century. Scientific novelty: issues related to the emergence and functioning of the fortification near the Vorona river at the initial stage of the Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739 are considered for the first time in historiography. The location is determined and the features of the engineering configuration of this defensive structure are clarified. Furthermore, three manuscript plans of the late 19th – first half of the 20th century, revealed in the funds of Dmytro Yavornytsky National Historical Museum of Dnipro, are introduced into scientific circulation. Type of article: research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Griffin, Clare. "Studying War in a Time of War: Russian Imperialism in the Seventeenth and Twenty-First Centuries." Russian History 50, no. 3-4 (May 21, 2024): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763316-12340066.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In the first two weeks of August, 535 Russian soldiers were seriously wounded in Eastern Ukraine. The year was 1678. 1678 saw some of the heaviest fighting in the Russo-Turkish of 1676–81, as the Ottoman and Russian Empires, alongside their local allies, struggled to gain control of the strategic location of Chyhyryn. In summer 2023, that town on the Dnipro was only around 300km from the front in the Russo-Ukraine war. To read about soldiers being injured and killed in service of imperial expansion three centuries ago as we watch the same empire engage in the same activities in the same location today brings home how history and the present are inescapably connected. Indeed, historians of violence have faced this problem before, as with a group at the University of Pittsburgh working on Gun Violence and Its Histories, who explicitly seek to use histories of violence to think about gun violence in the modern USA. Military histories have long been an established part of the study of Russian history, highlighting the technological, imperial, bureaucratic, and diplomatic aspects of organized state violence. The present moment demands a re-evaluation of histories of Russia at war, one that considers such issues as histories of disability and pain, and also engages with recent calls to decolonize Russian studies. Putting into dialogue these different perspectives on war and violence we can consider if, why, and how we can study the history of war during a time of war.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Teslya, Andrei. "“The Only Pictures in Memory of the Great War”: The Heroic Spirit, Orientalism, and the Problems of Representational Depictions of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 17, no. 3 (2018): 240–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2018-3-240-255.

Full text

Abstract:

The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 spawned a request from both the government and the public for an appropriate pictorial representation to be evaluated in the categories of ‘high art’, a request which revealed the inability of the predominant aesthetics to be satisfied. The paintings on the subjects of the preceding Balkan Crisis of 1875–1876 easily appealed to the existing reserve of descriptive means in primarily appealing to Orientalist motives by using the international Oriental-artistic language. In this case, painters such as K. Makovsky or V. Polenov did not need to resort to some inversions in the “Turkestan Series” by V. Vereshchagin: the developed artistic language allowed the conveying of the desired content without loss. On the contrary, attempts to present pictorial representations of the Russo-Turkish War found that the old military art was no longer perceived as genuine “art”. Thus, in not being regarded as a proper fixation of “memorable events”, the prevailing new aesthetics was unable to convey the pathos and heroics desired by the authorities. At the same time, it was found that a strong aesthetic effect in military plots was achieved through “seriality”, the interpretation of similar plots as isolated and independent. However, this did not produce a significant effect, that is to say, painting as such was not self-sufficient since it required the assistance of the text, the sequence of images, etc. The problem was reduced significantly with the new aesthetics of the 20th century, and in the last decades of the 19th century, in connection with mentioned above difficulties of painting, historical plots acquired new value, providing new opportunities for the representation of heroic themes while simultaneously giving greater aesthetic freedom.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Hamed-Troyansky, Vladimir. "Letters from the Ottoman Empire: Migration from the Caucasus and Russia's Pan-Islamic Panic." Slavic Review 82, no. 2 (2023): 311–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2023.164.

Full text

Abstract:

This article explores the exchange of letters by Caucasus Muslims across the Russo-Ottoman border and the tsarist government's reactions to it. Between the 1850s and World War I, about a million Muslims left the Caucasus for the Ottoman empire. Many of them, especially Circassians, were expelled by the Russian army, and others, including Chechens, Abkhazians, and Daghestanis, were pushed out or emigrated under tsarist rule. Private letters sustained the Russo-Ottoman Muslim world, which included refugees, emigrants, and pilgrims. The letters, written in Arabic or Ottoman Turkish, were typically smuggled across the border and occasionally intercepted by Russian authorities. I argue that Muslims’ letters fueled the Russian government's paranoia about Pan-Islamism, or advocacy for Muslim unity, that purportedly threatened Russia's colonial project in the Caucasus. Russian officials interpreted the letters as pro-Ottoman propaganda, which underpinned tsarist suppression of transborder correspondence and mobility.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Sen’, Dmitriy V. "The story of the «unknown war»." Российская история, no. 2 (December 15, 2024): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2949124x24020018.

Full text

Abstract:

The author's review, as part of a more general scientific discussion, is devoted to the consideration of the merits and controversial points of the latest monograph by A.G. Guskov, K.A. Kochegarov, S.M. Shamin on the Russo-Turkish War of 1686–1700. Not only the concept of the authors of the book, its historiographical and source bases, but also the broad event background presented in the book are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the specifics of the book’s authors’ coverage of the so-called events. small war - in relation to the territory of the North Caucasus and the border communities inhabiting it. The final conclusion is that the book under discussion is of a fundamental nature, determined by the systematic approach developed and implemented by the authors to the collection and analysis of empirical material, a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms of military-political planning and implementation of numerous military campaigns, and a careful attitude to the social contexts of the military confrontation between the parties.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Gokov, O. A. "Russia, Iran, and the 'Eastern Question' in the 1850s–1870s (Россия, Иран и «Восточный вопрос» в 1850-х–1870-х гг.)." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 50, no. 2 (2016): 177–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-05002006.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examines Russian-Iranian relations in the context of the “Eastern Question” in the years 1850–1870. During the Crimean War (1853–1856) and the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, each side tried to exploit the other to their own advantage, though in general relations in the first half of the nineteenth century saw both countries finding good cause to cooperate with each other on issues of comment interest in the region. This article, however, identifies a sharp reduction in the role of Iran in the “Eastern Question” in the second half of the century as compared to the first half of the century, a decline the author attributes to the progressive decline of Iran as a regional diplomatic and military power.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Isci, Onur. "Russian and Ottoman Newspapers in the War of 1877–1878." Russian History 41, no. 2 (May 18, 2014): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04102005.

Full text

Abstract:

The proliferation of popular newspapers during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 transformed the boundaries of public debate in Russia and brought the people into close contact with each other as well as with the outer world. Printing and the press had a parallel effect on the fin-de-siècle Ottoman public sphere. Newspapers of the Sublime Porte utilized defeats against Russia to juxtapose – if not depose – the Sultan’s cult as the sole symbol of unity with a nationalist one. “Wartime Propaganda and the Legacies of Defeat” is a comparative study of the two major newspapers – Golos and Basiret – during this period. I examine the major commonalities between these papers: such as perceived images of the enemy, the war’s aims and purposes, as well as the behavior of the troops portrayed by the war correspondents. My primary purpose is to shed light on the Turkish popular press, which weighed in on the issues of nationalism, defeat and political campaigning just as its Russian counterparts did. Ultimately, this article argues that the emergence of a critically debating public sphere in Russia and Turkey demonstrates how both empires experienced modernity in the sense that most Europeans understood it.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Gulyak, Ivan Ivanovich. "The idea of nationality and the Russian-Turkish war in the socio-political philosophy of A.D. Gradovsky." KANT 39, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2021-39.30.

Full text

Abstract:

The article reveals the process of formation of the concept of the rule of law in the socio-political philosophy of one of the leading theorists of Russian state law, Alexander Gradovsky. The scientific novelty lies in the harmonious combination of the ideas of the national state, nationality and national idea with the political realities and the general concept of the rule of law. Russian Russian politics of the second half of the 19th century, such as the Russo-Turkish war, have been examined and the factors influencing the formation of a national state governed by the rule of law have been identified.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Migev, Vladimir. "Valuable labour for the social security system and the social policy of the Bulgarian government." Economic Thought journal 60, no. 1 (February 27, 2015): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.56497/etj1560107.

Full text

Abstract:

The new monograph of Assoc. Nikola Konstantinov* - one of the leading Bulgarian authors on the history of social insurance in our country, covers a relatively large period. Its chronological frames are well grounded - the beginning was set in 1880, when the Parliament adopted the first normative act on this matter - on the pensions of the volunteers who took part in the Russo-Turkish War of Liberation of 1877-1878. 1925 was taken as the final limit - then the formation of the insurance system in Bulgaria was completed with the Law on Work Placement and Unemployment Insurance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Milovskiy, N. M. "Interpretation of the causes of the russo-turkish war of 1768-1774 in Russian historiography." Преподавание истории в школе, no. 2 (2022): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.51653/0132-0696_2022_2_81.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Taki, Victor. "Brian L. Davies, The Russo-Turkish War, 1768–1774. Catherine II and the Ottoman Empire." Canadian Slavonic Papers 59, no. 1-2 (February 28, 2017): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00085006.2017.1297517.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Leikin, Julia. "Brian L. Davies, The Russo-Turkish War, 1768–1774: Catherine II and the Ottoman Empire." European History Quarterly 47, no. 2 (April 2017): 337–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691417695979i.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Michels, Georg B. "How the Russo-Turkish War over Ukraine (1677–81) Changed the Course of Hungarian History." Hungarian Studies Review 49, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/hungarianstud.49.2.0204.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Stone, Ian R. "Spying on the Russians: Archibald Douglas and HMS Egeria at Petropavlovsk, 1877–1878." Polar Record 30, no. 172 (January 1994): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400021021.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe period 1877–1878 was one of tension between Britain and Russia caused by the Russo-Turkish War and the consequent threat to the route to India. The Royal Navy was deployed to deter the Russians in seas adjacent to the Balkans, but also undertook intelligence gathering missions further afield. Two of these were to Petropavlovsk in sub-Arctic Kamchatka and were undertaken by Commander A.L. Douglas in HMS Egeria. The British, with their French allies, had sustained a serious defeat there during the Crimean War and wished to ascertain the state of Russian defences should there be fresh hostilities. In the event, Douglas discovered that the Russians had abandoned Petropavlovsk as a fortified post and that there was no garrison. His reports were, therefore, negative, but included interesting information concerning Petropavlovsk in this era.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Elishev, S. O. "“The Great Game” — confrontation between the Anglo-Saxon and Russian world." Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 29, no. 4 (November 4, 2023): 33–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2023-29-4-33-64.

Full text

Abstract:

This article is devoted to understanding the essence, defining the spatial and time frames, as well as describing the most significant episodes of the development of The Great Game — the policy of containing the development of Russia by Anglo-Saxon elites and powers, dating back more than two centuries. Perceiving Russia as the main obstacle to achieving its global geopolitical hegemony, Anglo-Saxon elites and powers actively waged large-scale diplomatic, economic, information wars and battles against Russia, military operations, conducted operations to organize coups d’etat and “revolutions”, trying to destroy Russia both by actions from outside and undermining it from within. The author of the article draws attention to the origin of the very concept of “Great Game”, as well as its use in a narrow and broad sense. In a narrow sense, this concept is used to denote the active geopolitical and economic confrontation between Great Britain and the Russian Empire for control over Central Asia throughout the 19th century (or according to a number of authors, starting in 1856) until 1907. Broadly, to indicate the global geopolitical confrontation between the Anglo-Saxon and Russian world from thebeginning of the 19th century and continuing to the present.The author believes that the interpretation of the “Great Game” in a narrow sense is incorrect, politically biased and deliberately aimed at hiding the knowledge of the “Great Game” from the mass audience.The author considers various points of view of domestic and foreign authors to determine the starting and final point, time and spatial framework of the “Great Game”. He refers to the vivid episodes of The “Great Game”: the Palace Coup of 1801 — the assassination of Emperor Paul I; “Napoleonic” wars; December putsch of 1825; Confrontation with England in Turkestan, the Caucasus, other regions; Russo-Persian and Russo-Turkish Wars, Crimean War, Russo-Japanese War; the Caucasian War and events in Central Asia and Turkestan; Financing and organization in the Russian Empire of the “fifth column”; Revolutionary events of 1905–1907; World War I; 1917 Revolution; Russian Civil War; Support for “intra-party” opposition; Bringing A. Hitler to power in Germany; World War II organization; “Cold War”, Dismemberment of the USSR; Chechen Wars; “Color revolutions” in the post-Soviet space; The 2008 war and Georgia’s “coercion” to peace; 2014 coup d’état, the subsequent civil war in Ukraine, start of Special Military Operation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Simov, Mikhail. "Did Russia want liberation of Bulgaria? New interpretations and myths in Bulgarian academic and popular literature." Slavs and Russia, no. 2019 (2019): 386–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2618-8570.2019.17.

Full text

Abstract:

With the beginning of democratic changes in Bulgarian historical science faced the problem of reconsideration of many accepted assertions and interpretations concerning the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-1878 and the liberation of Bulgaria from the Ottoman rule. Historical revisionism was presented with exceptional persistence, often aggression, on the pages of journalistic essays. The following paper examines modern trends in interpreting the events that happened 140 years ago and explores the existing myths and conditions facilitating their spreading. The main academic works on the subject published in the last 30 years, as well as journalistic popular works and publications in mass media are analysed by the author.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Korkmaz, Telly. "The Treaty of Küçük-Kaynarca of Ottoman diplomat Ahmed Resmi Efendi and his works." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, no. 10-1 (October 1, 2022): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202210statyi17.

Full text

Abstract:

The 18th century, which is considered as a period when the modernization started in the history of the Ottoman Empire, also contains the reasons that led to the collapse of this great empire. This period is also important for Russian history because in this century Russia came to the historical stage as a strong state after the Treaty of Kucuk Kaynarca (1774) signed with the Ottoman Empire. This treaty, which ended the Russo-Turkish War (1768-1774), was signed by Ahmed Resmi Efendi who was Ottoman Empire's court officer and delegate. In this study Ottoman statesman Ahmed Resmi Efendi and his works were also examined.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Russo-Turkish War'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles