Journal articles: 'Rust'

1

Lutz, Matthias, Robert Bauer, Dominik Begerow, Franz Oberwinkler, and Dagmar Triebel. "Tuberculina: Rust Relatives Attack Rusts." Mycologia 96, no. 3 (May 2004): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3762178.

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Lutz, Matthias, Robert Bauer, Dominik Begerow, Franz Oberwinkler, and Dagmar Triebel. "Tuberculina: rust relatives attack rusts." Mycologia 96, no. 3 (May 2004): 614–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2005.11832957.

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Thy, Sewen, Andreea Costea, Kiran Gopinathan, and Ilya Sergey. "Adventure of a Lifetime: Extract Method Refactoring for Rust." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 7, OOPSLA2 (October 16, 2023): 658–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3622821.

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We present a design and implementation of the automated "Extract Method" refactoring for Rust programs. Even though Extract Method is one of the most well-studied and widely used in practice automated refactorings, featured in all major IDEs for all popular programming languages, implementing it soundly for Rust is surprisingly non-trivial due to the restrictions of the Rust's ownership and lifetime-based type system. In this work, we provide a systematic decomposition of the Extract Method refactoring for Rust programs into a series of program transformations, each concerned with satisfying a particular aspect of Rust type safety, eventually producing a well-typed Rust program. Our key discovery is the formulation of Extract Method as a composition of naive function hoisting and a series of automated program repair procedures that progressively make the resulting program "more well-typed" by relying on the corresponding repair oracles. Those oracles include a novel static intra-procedural ownership analysis that infers correct sharing annotations for the extracted function's parameters, and the lifetime checker of rustc, Rust's reference compiler. We implemented our approach in a tool called REM---an automated Extract Method refactoring built on top of IntelliJ IDEA plugin for Rust. Our extensive evaluation on a corpus of changes in five popular Rust projects shows that REM (a) can extract a larger class of feature-rich code fragments into semantically correct functions than other existing refactoring tools, (b) can reproduce method extractions performed manually by human developers in the past, and (c) is efficient enough to be used in interactive development.

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Bennett, Peggie. "Rust." Materials Today 30 (November 2019): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2019.09.019.

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Kletz, Trevor. "Rust." Loss Prevention Bulletin 163, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/026095702753582694.

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Hagenaar, Janneke. "Rust." Management Kinderopvang 28, no. 6 (November 28, 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41190-022-1632-6.

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7

Anikster, Y., J. Manisterski, D. L. Long, and K. J. Leonard. "Resistance to Leaf Rust, Stripe Rust, and Stem Rust in Aegilops spp. in Israel." Plant Disease 89, no. 3 (March 2005): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0303.

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In all, 1,323 single plant accessions of Aegilops bicornis, A. kotschyi, A. longissima, A. ovata, A. searsii, A. sharonensis, A. speltoides, and A. variabilis collected from 18 regions in Israel and 2 adjacent regions in Lebanon and Egypt were evaluated for leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) and stripe rust (P. striiformis) resistance in field plots and for seedling resistance to leaf rust and stem rust (P. graminis f. sp. tritici) in greenhouse tests. Nearly all accessions of A. speltoides were highly resistant to leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust. A. longissima and A. ovata were highly resistant to stripe rust, whereas A. bicornis and A. kotschyi were highly susceptible. A. searsii was highly susceptible to stem rust, but 24 to 51% of accessions of A. bicornis, A. longissima, A. ovata, and A. variabilis were resistant to stem rust. Except for A. ovata and A. speltoides, more than 95% of the Aegilops accessions were susceptible to leaf rust caused by P. recondita alternating on Anchusa spp. Only Aegilops ovata was susceptible to P. recondita from Echium spp. A. bicornis, A. koschyi, and A. searsii were highly susceptible as seedlings to common wheat leaf rust caused by P. triticina. Most accessions of A. variabilis and about half of the accessions of A. longissima had good seedling resistance to P. triticina. Few accessions of A. ovata showed seedling resistance to the P. triticina population in Israel, but 30% were resistant to U.S. isolates. In field tests, A. bicornis showed high susceptibility to common wheat leaf rust, but more than 90% of the accessions of the other Aegilops spp. developed little or no leaf rust on adult plants. The Aegilops spp. in Israel and adjoining countries provide a rich and varied source of rust resistance for wheat breeding.

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Kokke, Wen. "Rusty Variation: Deadlock-free Sessions with Failure in Rust." Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science 304 (September 12, 2019): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4204/eptcs.304.4.

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Sanjel, Santosh, Bhim Chaulagain, Ian M. Small, Jack C. Comstock, Martha Hincapie, Richard N. Raid, and Philippe Rott. "Comparison of Progress of Brown Rust and Orange Rust and Conditions Conducive for Severe Epidemic Development During the Sugarcane Crop Season in Florida." Plant Disease 103, no. 5 (May 2019): 825–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-18-0862-re.

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Brown rust (caused by Puccinia melanocephala) and orange rust (caused by P. kuehnii) are two major diseases of sugarcane in Florida. To better understand the epidemiology of these two rusts, disease severity and weather variables were monitored for two seasons in cultivars CL90-4725 (susceptible to brown rust and resistant to orange rust) and CL85-1040 (susceptible to orange rust and resistant to brown rust). Brown rust was most severe during mid-May to mid-July, whereas orange rust severity peaked during two periods: mid-May to early August and then November to December. Overall, disease severity was higher for orange rust than for brown rust. Maximum disease severity was correlated with the number of hours at night with an average temperature of 20 to 22.2°C for brown rust one season and orange rust both seasons. Slightly higher correlation was obtained when relative humidity above 90% was included in the number of hours at night with an average temperature of 20 to 22.2°C for brown rust but not orange rust, suggesting that leaf wetness is not a limiting factor for either disease in Florida. Epidemics of brown rust began at lower night temperatures (16.7 to 22.2°C) in one season, but epidemics of orange rust lasted longer under higher temperatures. The correlation of rust severity on recently emerged leaves with conducive temperatures recorded in 10-, 20-, or 30-day windows starting 7 days before disease assessment suggested that earlier inoculum production is needed to create severe epidemics that result in yield loss.

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10

VonMilla, Hans. "Rust Belt." Iowa Journal of Literary Studies 11, no. 1 (1991): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0743-2747.1359.

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11

Weaver, Martin. "Fighting Rust." APT Bulletin 19, no. 1 (1987): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1494171.

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Spooner, B. M., and R. T. V. Fox. "Pelargonium rust." Mycologist 7, no. 3 (August 1993): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-915x(09)80080-3.

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13

Domburg, Teun. "Rust roest." Tandartspraktijk 36, no. 1 (February 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12496-015-0001-z.

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Geelen, Ronald. "Roest rust?" Denkbeeld 30, no. 3 (June 2018): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12428-018-0047-4.

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BOEREMA, G. H., R. T. A. COOK, J. S. W. DICKENS, A. PISI, M. G. BELLARDI, and J. E. M. MORDUE. "Codiaeum rust." Plant Pathology 43, no. 6 (December 1994): 1072–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994.tb01662.x.

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16

Kingsley, Benjamín Naka-Hasebe. "American Rust." New England Review 39, no. 3 (2018): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ner.2018.0089.

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Akin, Gülten, and Ruth Christie. "Rust (Pas)." Translation Review 68, no. 1 (September 2004): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07374836.2004.10523885.

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18

Stüeken, Eva E. "Ancient rust." Nature Geoscience 12, no. 7 (June 27, 2019): 498–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0396-5.

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19

Savich, Zach. "Build Rust." Pleiades: Literature in Context 40, no. 1 (2020): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plc.2020.0056.

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Ligon, Courtney, Mercy Olmstead, and Philip Harmon. "Peach Rust." EDIS 2015, no. 6 (September 1, 2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-hs1263-2015.

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Peach rust is a fungal disease that affect the leaves and, less commonly, twigs and fruit of peach trees. The fungus that causes peach rust thrives in Florida’s humid climate and may cause significant economic losses in severely affected orchards. This 5-page fact sheet details peach rust symptoms, disease cycle, and management, including fungicide treatments. Written by Courtney Ligon, Mercy Olmstead, and Phillip Harmon, and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, June 2015. HS1263/HS1263: Peach Rust (Transchelia spp.) (ufl.edu)

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de Haan, Else. "Rust Roest." Kind & Adolescent Praktijk 5, no. 2 (June 2006): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03059581.

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22

Sunada, Satoshi, Norio Nunomura, Sayaka Hirata, and Naoki Nagase. "Electrochemical Evaluation for Rust Preventive Properties of Rust Preventive Oils Coated on Fe-Cu-C Sintered Steel." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 2537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2537.

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Since Fe-Cu-C sintered steels are easily rusted, they are coated with rust preventive oils. High viscosity of those rust preventive oils decrease workability, and low viscosity deteriorates rust preventive performance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new rust preventive oils with contradictory properties of low viscosity and superior rust prevention. However, precise methodology to evaluate rust prevention ability has not been established. In this study, we developed new technique to quantitatively evaluate rust prevention ability by measuring the open circuit potential through thin corrosive solution on Fe-Cu-C sintered steels coated with a rust preventive oils. As a result, the ability for rust prevention can be measured quantitatively, and it decreases slowly over time, with repeating destruction and restoration. Furthermore, it was found that the deteriorating processes of rust prevention ability for rust prevention oils are composed of three characteristics steps respectively. That is, in the first step the great open circuit potential changes from 0V to-0.3V with repetition were observed where the excellent rust prevention ability was kept, in the second step it decreases slowly from-0.1V to-0.4V with oscillation of the small potential changes where the gradual decrease of rust prevention ability was recognized and in the third step it decreases monotonously in the lower potential than-0.4V where the rust was observed because of the remarkable deteriorating of the rust prevention ability.

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23

Steffenson, Brian J., Pablo Olivera, Joy K. Roy, Yue Jin, Kevin P. Smith, and Gary J. Muehlbauer. "A walk on the wild side: mining wild wheat and barley collections for rust resistance genes." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 6 (2007): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar07123.

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Leaf rust, stem rust, and stripe rust are among the most important diseases of wheat and barley worldwide and are best controlled using genetic resistance. To increase the diversity of rust resistance in wheat and barley, a project was initiated to identify and characterise rust resistance genes from the wild species of Aegilops sharonensis (Sharon goatgrass) and Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum (wild barley), respectively. One hundred and two accessions of Sharon goatgrass from Israel and 318 Wild Barley Diversity Collection (WBDC) accessions from the Fertile Crescent, Central Asia, North Africa, and the Caucasus region were evaluated for resistance to leaf rust, stem rust, and/or stripe rust. Sharon goatgrass exhibited a wide range of infection types (ITs) in response to leaf rust, stem rust, and stripe rust. The percentage of resistant accessions in Sharon goatgrass was 58.8–78.4% for leaf rust, 11.8–69.6% for stem rust, and 46.1% for stripe rust, depending on the race used and the plant growth stage. Genetic studies with Sharon goatgrass revealed oligogenic resistance to leaf rust and stem rust. Wild barley also exhibited a wide range of ITs to leaf rust and stem rust; however, the overall frequency of resistance was lower than for Sharon goatgrass. The percentage of resistant accessions in wild barley was 25.8% for leaf rust and 5.7–20.1% for stem rust, depending on the race used. Resistance to the new virulent stem rust race TTKS (i.e. Ug99), present in eastern Africa, was found in both Sharon goatgrass (70% of accessions) and wild barley (25% of 20 accessions tested). Association mapping for stem rust resistance was applied in the WBDC using Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers. Using the highly conservative P value threshold of 0.001, 14 and 15 significant marker associations were detected when the number of subpopulations (K value) was set for 10 and 8, respectively. These significant associations were in 9 and 8 unique chromosome bins, respectively. Two significant marker associations were detected for resistance to the wheat stem rust race MCCF in the same bin as the rpg4/Rpg5 complex on chromosome 7(5H). The presence of a major stem rust resistance gene in this bin on chromosome 7(5H) was validated in a bi-parental mapping population (WBDC accession Damon × cv. Harrington) constructed with DArT markers. The results from this study indicate that Sharon goatgrass and wild barley are rich sources of rust resistance genes for cultivated wheat and barley improvement, respectively, and that association mapping may be useful for positioning disease resistance genes in wild barley.

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Rosa, Silvia B., Brent McCallum, Anita Brûlé-Babel, Colin Hiebert, Stephen Shorter, Harpinder S. Randhawa, and Amarilis L. Barcellos. "Inheritance of Leaf Rust and Stripe Rust Resistance in the Brazilian Wheat Cultivar ‘Toropi’." Plant Disease 100, no. 6 (June 2016): 1132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-15-1128-re.

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Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) and stripe rust (P. striiformis f. tritici) affect wheat production worldwide. Brazilian ‘Toropi’ wheat has demonstrated durable leaf rust resistance in South America since its release in 1965. It was previously found to have up to two adult plant leaf rust resistance genes. The leaf and stripe rust resistance of Toropi were studied by analyzing a doubled-haploid population made by crossing with susceptible ‘Thatcher’. Toropi expressed good resistance to leaf rust in Canada, Brazil, and New Zealand. Based on field and greenhouse testing, the leaf rust resistance of Toropi is conferred by two race-nonspecific complementary adult plant genes and a race-specific adult plant gene. The stripe rust resistance of Toropi analyzed in New Zealand and in Canada is based on up to two resistance genes. Toropi should provide an important contribution to rust resistance because it expressed good leaf rust and stripe rust resistance in different parts of the world.

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Li, Wenbo, Yue Jiang, Dingguo Liu, Jiran Zhu, Yi Xie, and Lanlan Liu. "Influence of Different Acid on the Interfacial Compatibility between Rusted Steel and Water-Based Coating." Coatings 11, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): 1412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111412.

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We aimed to improve the corrosion resistance of transmission network cabinet equipment in high temperature and humidity environment. In this paper, using acid modified acrylic acid as the main component, the composite conversion agent was obtained by adding phosphoric acid phytic acid and other components. Through the surface morphology, electrochemical test and adhesion force test of rust conversion coating, the versatility and corrosion resistance of rust conversion coating on the substrates were analyzed. Combined with zinc phosphate primer, the effect of rust conversion agent on the adhesion and salt spray corrosion resistance of the commercial primers was studied. The composite conversion agent has good effect on atmospheric corrosion rust layer. The corrosion resistance and adhesion force of the atmospheric corrosion rust layer treated with rust conversion agent were significantly increased. The adhesion of zinc phosphate primer on atmospheric corrosion rust coating with rust conversion was three times higher than that of atmospheric corrosion rust coating without rust conversion, respectively. Composite rust conversion agent has broad versatility, which can be used for rust conversion of atmospheric corrosion rust layer. At the same time, it has a good corrosion resistance, that can obviously improve the corrosion potential of the corroded surface and reduce the corrosion current density. In addition, the composite rust conversion agent can significantly improve the adhesion and corrosion resistance of the primer coating.

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Bai, Dapeng, and D. R. Knott. "Genetic studies of leaf and stem rust resistance in six accessions of Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides." Genome 37, no. 3 (June 1, 1994): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g94-057.

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Six accessions of Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides L. (4x, AABB) of diverse origin were tested with 10 races of leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm.) and 10 races of stem rust (P. graminis f.sp. tritici Eriks. &Henn.). Their infection type patterns were all different from those of lines carrying the Lr or Sr genes on the A or B genome chromosomes with the same races. The unique reaction patterns are probably controlled by genes for leaf rust or stem rust resistance that have not been previously identified. The six dicoccoides accessions were crossed with leaf rust susceptible RL6089 durum wheat and stem rust susceptible 'Kubanka' durum wheat to determine the inheritance of resistance. They were also crossed in diallel to see whether they carried common genes. Seedlings of F1, F2, and BC1F2 generations from the crosses of the dicoccoides accessions with RL6089 were tested with leaf rust race 15 and those from the crosses with 'Kubanka' were tested with stem rust race 15B-1. The F2 populations from the diallel crosses were tested with both races. The data from the crosses with the susceptible durum wheats showed that resistance to leaf rust race 15 and stem rust race 15B-1 in each of the six dicoccoides accessions is conferred by a single dominant or partially dominant gene. In the diallel crosses, the dominance of resistance appeared to be affected by different genetic backgrounds. With one exception, the accessions carry different resistance genes: CI7181 and PI 197483 carry a common gene for resistance to leaf rust race 15. Thus, wild emmer wheat has considerable genetic diversity for rust resistance and is a promising source of new rust resistance genes for cultivated wheats.Key words: wheat rust, leaf rust, stem rust, rust resistance, genetic diversity.

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Biggs, Alan R., David A. Rosenberger, Keith S. Yoder, Richard K. Kiyomoto, Daniel R. Cooley, and Turner B. Sutton. "Relative Susceptibility of Selected Apple Cultivars to Cedar Apple Rust and Quince Rust." Plant Health Progress 10, no. 1 (January 2009): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2009-1014-01-rs.

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Incidences of cedar apple rust and quince rust, caused by Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae and G. clavipes, were collected over several years from 1995 (23 entries) and 1999 (22 entries) planting groups of new apple cultivars and selections established at multiple locations. Cultivar Golden Delicious was the standard. Incidence of cedar apple rust on leaves and fruit and quince rust on fruit were analyzed. Only two analyses had significant cultivar × location interactions, suggesting differences within the cedar apple rust fungus. Cedar apple rust on fruit did not vary by location. Incidence of quince rust on fruit varied among cultivars by location. Incidences of cedar apple rust and quince rust on fruit were not related. Accepted for publication 16 August 2009. Published 14 October 2009.

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Li, Wenbo, Yingfei Yang, Dongdong Song, Jiran Zhu, and Yi Xie. "Study on Compatibility of Waterborne Surface Treatment Coatings." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2194, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2194/1/012026.

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Abstract the severe corrosion of power grid equipment has always been an important factor affecting the service life of equipment. Rust transfer technology is used to treat the corroded equipment to improve the corrosion resistance of transmission grid cabinet equipment in high temperature and high humidity environment. Taking acid modified acrylic acid as the main component, the composite conversion solution was obtained by adding phosphoric acid and phytic acid. Through the surface morphology, electrochemical test and adhesion test after rust conversion, the universality and corrosion resistance of the rust conversion solution were analyzed; Combined with zinc phosphate primer and zinc rich primer, the effects of rust conversion solution on the adhesion and salt spray corrosion resistance of the two commercial primers were studied. The compound conversion solution has good rust conversion effect on atmospheric corrosion rust layer, salt spray corrosion rust layer and damp heat corrosion rust layer; The corrosion resistance and adhesion of atmospheric corrosion rust layer are obviously improved after being treated with rust conversion solution. The adhesion of zinc phosphate primer and zinc rich primer on rust conversion solution is 2.1 times and 0.8 times higher than that of atmospheric corrosion rust layer without rust conversion, respectively. The compound rust conversion solution has strong universality and can convert atmospheric corrosion, salt spray corrosion and damp heat corrosion rust layers. At the same time, it has good corrosion resistance, which can significantly improve the corrosion potential of the corroded surface and reduce the corrosion current density. In addition, the composite rust conversion solution can significantly improve the adhesion and corrosion resistance of the primer coating.

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Kim, W. K., N. K. Howes, and J. W. Martens. "Evidence for relatedness between Puccinia graminis f.sp. secalis and P. graminis f.sp. tritici from two-dimensional polypeptide mapping." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 1078–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-149.

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Two-dimensional electrophoretograms of detergent-soluble polypeptides extracted from dormant urediospores were used to compare interspecific and intraspecific relationships among nine races of rye stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. secalis) and a hybrid between rye stem rust and wheat stem rust (P. graminis f.sp. tritici) and its parents. More than 280 polypeptides were detected in each race of rye stem rust. The nine races differed by one to five genes for virulence and by five to seven polypeptides, but these differences were not correlated. The rye–wheat stem rust hybrid, rye stem rust parent, and wheat stem rust parent differed by 12 polypeptides. The polypeptide patterns of the rye stem rust races were similar to those previously found for wheat and oat stem rusts. Rye stem rust and wheat stem rust had 270 polypeptides in common and differed by 17 polypeptides. In contrast, 92 polypeptides separated rye and oat stem rusts. The considerable homology in polypeptide patterns is consistent with the view that these three cereal stem rusts are related and that rye stem rust and wheat stem rust have the closest genetic relationship.

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Dyck, P. L. "Inheritance of leaf rust and stem rust resistance in 'Roblin' wheat." Genome 36, no. 2 (April 1, 1993): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-040.

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The Canadian common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar 'Roblin' is resistant to both leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex. Desm.) and stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. and E. Henn.). To study the genetics of this resistance, 'Roblin' was crossed with 'Thatcher', a leaf rust susceptible cultivar, and RL6071, a stem rust susceptible line. A set of F6 random lines was developed from each cross. The random lines and the parents were grown in a field rust nursery artificially inoculated with a mixture of P. recondita and P. graminis isolates and scored for rust reaction. The same material was tested with specific races of leaf rust and stem rust. These data indicated that 'Roblin' has Lr1, Lr10, Lr13, and Lr34 for resistance to P. recondita and Sr5, Sr9b, Sr11, and possibly Sr7a and Sr12 for resistance to P. graminis. In a 'Thatcher' background, the presence of Lr34 contributes to improve stem rust resistance, which appears also to occur in 'Roblin'.Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat, leaf rust resistance, stem rust resistance.

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Suenaga, K., R. P. Singh, J. Huerta-Espino, and H. M. William. "Microsatellite Markers for Genes Lr34/Yr18 and Other Quantitative Trait Loci for Leaf Rust and Stripe Rust Resistance in Bread Wheat." Phytopathology® 93, no. 7 (July 2003): 881–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.7.881.

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Leaf rust and stripe rust, caused by Puccinia triticina and P. striiformis, respectively, are important diseases of wheat in many countries. In this study we sought to identify molecular markers for adult plant resistance genes that could aid in incorporating such durable resistance into wheat. We used a doubled haploid population from a Japanese cv. Fukuho-komugi × Israeli wheat Oligoculm cross that had segregated for resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust in field trials. Joint and/or single-year analyses by composite interval mapping identified two quantitative trait loci (QTL) that reduced leaf rust severity and up to 11 and 7 QTLs that might have influenced stripe rust severity and infection type, respectively. Four common QTLs reduced stripe rust severity and infection type. Except for a QTL on chromosome 7DS, no common QTL for leaf rust and stripe rust was detected. QTL-7DS derived from ‘Fukuho-komugi’ had the largest effect on both leaf rust and stripe rust severities, possibly due to linked resistance genes Lr34/Yr18. The microsatellite locus Xgwm295.1, located almost at the peak of the likelihood ratio contours for both leaf and stripe rust severity, was closest to Lr34/Yr18. QTLs located on 1BL for leaf rust severity and 3BS for stripe rust infection type were derived from ‘Oligoculm’ and considered to be due to genes Lr46 and Yr30, respectively. Most of the remaining QTLs for stripe rust severity or infection type had smaller effects. Our results indicate there is significant diversity for genes that have minor effects on stripe rust resistance, and that successful detection of these QTLs by molecular markers should be helpful both for characterizing wheat genotypes effectively and combining such resistance genes.

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Wang, Zhi Fen, Li Xin Wu, Yi Qiang Sun, Rong Dong Han, and Zhong Hai Yao. "Effect of the Chloride Content on the Rust Layers of 09CuPCrNi." Advanced Materials Research 339 (September 2011): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.339.287.

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The accelerated wet-dry cyclic corrosion tests at different chloride content have been carried out on 09CuPCrNi. The morphology and composition of the rust products have been investigated. The rust layers were composed of the dense inner layer and the loose outer layer. The rust layers were mainly composed of magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3). The rust phase of -Fe2O3 was detected in higher amounts in the rust layers of 1% wt NaCl which resulted in the rust layers much denser. The alloying elements of copper, chromium and phosphorus enriched in the rust layers are helpful to the formation of γ-Fe2O3. The protective denser rust layers play an important role in corrosion resistance of the steel.

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Knott, D. R., Dapeng Bai, and Janice Zale. "The transfer of leaf and stem rust resistance from wild emmer wheats to durum and common wheat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-212.

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Wild emmer wheats (Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides L.) are potentially valuable sources of leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) and stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn.) resistance in breeding both durum (T. turgidum var. durum L.) and common wheat (T. aestivum L.). In an extension of previous work, 11 rust resistant accessions of wild emmer wheat were crossed and backcrossed from two to five times to susceptible durum or common wheats. Genes for leaf or stem rust resistance were transferred singly into several susceptible genotypes. Backcross lines homozygous for resistance to leaf rust were tested with a set of either 9 or 10 leaf rust races and those homozygous for resistance to stem rust were tested with a set of either 10 or 13 stem rust races. The emmer wheats proved to carry a number of genes for resistance to each rust. In most cases, when a cross was made to a hexaploid wheat, resistance to both rusts was suppressed in the F1 seedlings, even when resistance was dominant in the tetraploids. Nevertheless, resistance was successfully transferred from several accessions to the hexaploids, indicating that suppressors on the A or B genome chromosomes were involved and segregation occurred for them. Rust resistance tended to decrease when it was transferred to another species, particularly hexaploid wheat. A number of lines carrying genes for either leaf rust or stem rust resistance were resistant to all races with which they were tested and have potential in wheat breeding. Key words: Emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides, stem rust, leaf rust, suppressors

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Amgai, Resham B., Shreejan Pokharel, Sumitra Pantha, Atit Parajuli, Sudeep Subedi, and Shambhu P. Dhital. "Selection of Pyramided Barley Advanced Lines for Stripe Rust, Leaf Rust and Crown Rust Diseases Using Molecular Markers." Nepal Journal of Biotechnology 8, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njb.v8i3.33665.

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Barley diseases are the major yield limiting factors for barley cultivation in Nepal. Stripe/Yellow rust (P. striformis f.sp. hordei and P. striformis f.sp. tritici), leaf rust (Puccinia hordei), and crown rust (P. coronata) are the major rust diseases in Nepal. Pyramiding resistance genes against all these rust diseases are possible through molecular marker assisted breeding. Sweden originated barley variety ‘Bonus’ is found resistant to stripe rust and having linked microsatellite markers for stripe rust and crown rust resistance. Similarly, Nepalese hull-less barley variety ‘Solu Uwa’ and Nepalese awn-less barley landrace NPGR Acc# 2478 have linked microsatellite markers for leaf rust resistance. Therefore, one polymorphic sequence tagged sites (STS) marker (ABG054) for stripe rust resistance, two polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers (Bmac0144h and HVM049) for leaf rust and one polymorphic SSR marker (Bmag0006) for crown rust resistance were used to select the advanced barley lines (at F8 stage) from above parents. Field screening of stripe rust resistance was also conducted. Among 51 advanced and field disease resistance lines from Bonus/Solu Uwa cross, we have selected 10 pyramided lines for all three types of barley rust resistance. Similarly, among 39 advanced and field disease resistance lines from Bonus/NPGR Acc#2478 cross we have selected three pyramided lines and advanced for further yield testing for general cultivation purpose. The chances of losing the desired gene are high in late generation selection using molecular marker assisted selection (MAS); but the chances of getting agronomically superior varietal output will also increase.

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Kharouf, Shoula, Shadi Hamzeh, and Mohamad Fawaehz Azmeh. "Races Identification of Wheat Rusts in Syria during the 2019 Growing Season." Arab Journal for Plant Protection 39, no. 1 (March 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-39.1.001013.

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Kharouf, Sh., Sh. Hamzeh and M.F. Azmeh. 2021. Races Identification of Wheat Rusts in Syria during the 2019 Growing Season. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(1): 1-13. Wheat rust diseases, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (stripe or yellow rust), P. triticina f. sp. tritici (leaf or brown rust) and P. graminis f. sp. tritici (stem or black rust) are important factors affecting both durum and bread wheat production in Syria. Considerable losses were caused by these diseases, especially stripe rust, estimated at more than one million metric tons, in the 2010 season, out of 5 million anticipated production. Therefore, it is essential to monitor and follow the movement of these three rust physiological races. In the 2019 growing season, 165 wheat fields were surveyed, and 312 samples were collected and characterized. Ten races of stripe rust were identified in ten locations, of which, four represent new record in Syria, namely the races 16E154, 69E150, 264E46 and 258E64. In addition, four races of leaf rust were identified in four locations, one of which (BKLP) is a new record in Syria. In addition, three previously recorded stem rust races were identified from three different locations. It should be mentioned that the newly recorded races of stripe rust are able to overcome resistance genes Yr1 and Yr5, on which the resistance of durum wheat cultivars such as "Cham3" depended, with a disease severity of 40S recorded in the same locations. It is also worth noting that the stripe rust race 462E128 (warrior) was not detected in the isolates studied. Likewise, the stem rust race Ug99 was also not identified, and because of the aggressiveness of this race, continuous inspection through field surveys accompanied with pathogenicity tests is essential during the coming seasons. Keywords: Stripe (yellow) rust, Leaf (brown) rust, stem (black) rust, race identification, wheat, Syria

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Valkoun, Jan, Karl Hammer, Dagmar Kučerová, and Pavel Bartoš. "Disease resistance in the genusAegilops L. — stem rust, leaf rust, stripe rust, and powdery mildew." Die Kulturpflanze 33, no. 2 (June 1985): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01997267.

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Zhang, Di, Hanguo Zeng, Liyuan Zhao, Jiaming Yue, Xiao Qi, and Manli Li. "Isolation and Identification Rust Pathogens and the Study of Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Gene Expression under Rust Infection in Zoysia japonica." Agriculture 11, no. 12 (November 29, 2021): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11121200.

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The goal of this study was to identify the zoysiagrass rust pathogens and to analyze the differences in rust-resistant and rust-susceptible Zoysia japonica germplasm upon inoculation. Based on the assessment of spore morphology and 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) molecular identification, the zoysiagrass rust pathogen was identified as Puccinia zoysiae Diet. The development of mycelium, the rate of spreading, and the timing of spore production were more delayed in the rust-resistant (RR) genotype than the rust-susceptible (RS) genotype. After inoculation, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) initially decreased, then increased in both the RR and RS genotypes, but the increased enzyme activities were faster in the RR than in the RS genotype. Rust resistance was positively correlated with antioxidant enzyme activity. The observed changes in CAT, POD and APX activity corresponded to their gene expression levels. The results of this study may be utilized in accurately evaluating the damage of rust disease and rust-resistance in zoysiagrass germplasm aimed at breeding the rust-resistant zoysiagrass varieties and improving disease management of zoysiagrass turf.

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Chen, Yang, Shiyu Li, Zhiyong Liu, and Zixiao Wang. "Anticorrosion Property of Alcohol Amine Modified Phosphoric and Tannic Acid Based Rust Converter and Its Waterborne Polymer-Based Paint for Carbon Steel." Coatings 11, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091091.

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Four kinds of alcohol amines were tested to improve the anticorrosion performance of the phosphoric and tannic acid (PTA)-based rust converter. The alcohol amine modified PTA rust converters with the optimum mechanical and functional performances were used to prepare the homogeneous single-component waterborne rust conversion-based paint. The mechanical properties and the long-term corrosion resistance of the synthesized rust converter-based paint were investigated. The results show that alcohol amine modified PTA rust converter can convert the rust layer into a thick passivation film with iron tannate and iron phosphate as the main components, significantly improving the corrosion resistance of the carbon steel. The alcohol amine D modified PTA rust converter (RC-D) showed the best anticorrosion and rust conversion performances. The waterborne rust conversion-based paint can convert the rust layer of steel into a blue-black and relatively flat passivation film layer. The waterborne polymer-based paint containing 10 wt.% RC-D significantly improves the long-term corrosion resistance of the rusty steel and the mechanical property of paint.

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Code, JL, JAG Irwin, and A. Barnes. "Comparative Etiological and Epidemiological Studies on Rust Diseases of Phaseolus vulgaris and Macroptilium atropurpureum." Australian Journal of Botany 33, no. 2 (1985): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9850147.

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Collections of rust on Phaseolus vulgaris and Macroptilium atropurpureum from Australia and South America were examined. Telia of Siratro rust were not observed. Urediniospores of the Siratro rust encompassed a broader range in size than those of bean rust (Urornyces appendiculatus) but were generally within the accepted range for that species. The walls of the Siratro rust urediniospores were significantly thicker than those of the bean rust urediniospores and were outside the given range. Although the Siratro rust produced small (160 μm) sporulating uredinia on the bean rust differential cultivar Golden Gate Wax, all members of the bean rust differential set were classified as resistant to it. The pathogens (Siratro rust and bean rust race egh) on their respective hosts showed significantly different responses to dew period temperature for infection. The pattern of response to the different post dew period temperatures was also significantly different, although the optimal temperature range for maximum infection in this stage was the same. Optimal environmental conditions for maximum disease development during the pre-penetration stage of the disease cycle were 20°C and 24 h of dew for Siratro rust and 15-20°C and 24 h of dew for the bean rust. The optimal temperature range for maximum disease development for the Siratro and bean rust pathogens in the post-penetration stage of infection was 20-26°C. While maximum numbers of uredinia developed on bean at 14-24°C this temperature range resulted in the latent period and generation of time being extended by one day in comparison to those at 20-26°C and 24-32°C.

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Bai, D., and D. R. Knott. "Suppression of rust resistance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by D-genome chromosomes." Genome 35, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-043.

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Several tests were done in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to demonstrate the occurrence of genes on D-genome chromosomes that suppress resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm.) and stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Eriks. &Henn.). Ten rust-resistant wild tetraploid wheats (T. turgidum var. dicoccoides) were crossed with both durum (T. turgidum var. durum) and bread wheats. In all cases, resistance to leaf rust and stem rust was expressed in the hybrids with durum wheats but suppressed in the hybrids with bread wheats. Crosses were made between five diverse durum wheats and four diverse bread wheats. The pentaploid hybrid seedlings of 12 crosses were tested with leaf rust race 15 and in all cases the resistance of the durum parents was suppressed. Fourteen D-genome disomic chromosome substitution lines in the durum wheat 'Langdon' were tested with stem rust race 15B-1 and leaf rust race 15. Chromosomes 1B, 2B, and 7B were found to carry genes for resistance to stem rust but no suppressors were detected. Chromosomes 2B and 4B carried genes for resistance to leaf rust, and 1D and 3D carried suppressors. Crosses between seven D-genome monosomies of 'Chinese Spring' and three dicoccoides accessions showed that 'Chinese Spring' possesses genes on 1D, 2D, and 4D, which suppress the stem rust resistance of all three dicoccoides accessions. All three chromosomes must be present to suppress resistance, indicating that some form of complementary gene interaction is involved. In addition, 'Chinese Spring' carries a gene or genes on 3D that suppresses the leaf rust resistance of all three dicoccoides accessions, plus a gene or genes on 1D that suppresses the leaf rust resistance of only one of them. The data raise some interesting questions about the specificity of the suppressors. The high frequency of occurrence of suppressors in the bread wheat population suggests that they must have a selective advantage.Key words: Triticum aestivum, stem rust, leaf rust, rust resistance, suppressor.

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Bariana, H. S., G. N. Brown, U. K. Bansal, H. Miah, G. E. Standen, and M. Lu. "Breeding triple rust resistant wheat cultivars for Australia using conventional and marker-assisted selection technologies." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 6 (2007): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar07124.

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Stem rust susceptibility of European wheats under Australian conditions posed a significant threat to wheat production for the early British settlers in Australia. The famous Australian wheat breeder, William Farrer, tackled the problem of stem rust susceptibility through breeding fast-maturing wheat cultivars. South-eastern Australia suffered a severe stem rust epidemic in 1973, which gave rise to a national approach to breeding for rust resistance. The National Wheat Rust Control Program was set up in 1975, modelled on the University of Sydney’s own rust resistance breeding program, at the University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, Castle Hill (now Cobbitty). Back-crossing of a range of sources of resistance provided genetically diverse germplasm for evaluation in various breeding programs. Current efforts are directed to building gene combinations through marker-assisted selection. Major genes for resistance to stem rust and leaf rust are being used in the back-crossing program of the ACRCP to create genetic diversity among Australian germplasm. Stripe rust and to a lesser extent leaf rust resistance in the Australian germplasm is largely based on combinations of adult plant resistance genes and our knowledge of their genomic locations has increased. Additional genes, other than Yr18/Lr34 and Yr29/Lr46, appeared to control adult plant resistance to both leaf rust and stripe rust. Two adult-plant stem rust resistance genes have also been identified. The development of selection technologies to achieve genotype-based selection of resistance gene combinations in the absence of bioassays has evolved in the last 5 years. Robust molecular markers are now available for several commercially important rust resistance genes. Marker-assisted selection for rust resistance is performed routinely in many wheat-breeding programs. Modified pedigree and limited back-cross methods have been used for breeding rust-resistant wheat cultivars in the University of Sydney wheat-breeding program. The single back-cross methodology has proved more successful in producing cultivars with combinations of adult plant resistance genes.

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Kim, Kyung-Tae, Hiroaki Tsuchiya, Koushu Hanaki, Masato Yamashita, and Shinji Fujimoto. "Modification of Rust Layer on Carbon Steel with Reactive Actions of Metallic Cations for Improved Corrosion Protectiveness." Corrosion 76, no. 4 (February 3, 2020): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3408.

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In the present work, the modification of a rust layer on a carbon steel surface was examined during a cyclic corrosion test. The rust layer grown in a coastal region of Japan was used as a model rust layer. The x-ray diffraction analysis of the model rust layer revealed that the layer consisted of α-FeOOH, β-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, and Fe3O4. During the cyclic corrosion test, an additional immersion of the surface in solutions containing metal cations such as Mg2+, Al3+, Cu2+, or Ni2+ was performed. The additional immersion in the cation-containing solutions modified the model rust layer, that is, the fraction of stable α-FeOOH increased in the rust layer. Furthermore, the modification of the model rust layer could suppress the corrosion of steel. The decreased corrosion rate was attributed to the suppressed cathodic reduction of the rust layers due to the presence of the stable α-FeOOH in the rust layers.

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Reich, Richard W., Jean L. Heineman, Amanda F. Linnell Nemec, Lorne Bedford, Jacob O. Boateng, and Torsten Kaffanke. "Hard pine stem rusts on lodgepole pine at a site-preparation study in sub-boreal British Columbia: effects over 24 years." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 4 (April 2015): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0388.

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Site preparation can improve lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) survival and growth; however, we lack information regarding possible interactions between treatment effects and the impacts of western gall rust (Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hirats.) and comandra blister rust (Cronartium comandrae Peck). Mechanical and burning techniques examined over 24 years at a sub-boreal British Columbia site did not significantly increase rust infection rates or characteristics relative to an untreated control. Most infection occurred before age 10 years and at heights <2 m. By age 24 years, 22% and 10% of pine had sustained at least one western gall rust or comandra blister rust stem infection, respectively, but only 4% of western gall rust infected trees were dead, compared with 60% of comandra blister rust infected trees. Exploratory regression analysis of the relationship between tree volume and percent stem encirclement and infection height suggested that volume of 24-year-old pine infected with western gall rust averaged 8% less than the corresponding volume of uninfected trees. Over 24 years, estimated stand-level, rust-related volume loss was 8.4%, with the majority due to mortality from comandra blister rust. One-fifth of estimated volume loss was provisionally attributed to growth reductions among live western gall rust infected pine.

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Qureshi, Naeela, Ravi Prakash Singh, Blanca Minerva Gonzalez, Hedilberto Velazquez-Miranda, and Sridhar Bhavani. "Genomic Regions Associated with Resistance to Three Rusts in CIMMYT Wheat Line “Mokue#1”." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 15 (July 29, 2023): 12160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512160.

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Understanding the genetic basis of rust resistance in elite CIMMYT wheat germplasm enhances breeding and deployment of durable resistance globally. “Mokue#1”, released in 2023 in Pakistan as TARNAB Gandum-1, has exhibited high levels of resistance to stripe rust, leaf rust, and stem rust pathotypes present at multiple environments in Mexico and Kenya at different times. To determine the genetic basis of resistance, a F5 recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population consisting of 261 lines was developed and phenotyped for multiple years at field sites in Mexico and Kenya under the conditions of artificially created rust epidemics. DArTSeq genotyping was performed, and a linkage map was constructed using 7892 informative polymorphic markers. Composite interval mapping identified three significant and consistent loci contributed by Mokue: QLrYr.cim-1BL and QLrYr.cim-2AS on chromosome 1BL and 2AS, respectively associated with stripe rust and leaf rust resistance, and QLrSr.cim-2DS on chromosome 2DS for leaf rust and stem rust resistance. The QTL on 1BL was confirmed to be the Lr46/Yr29 locus, whereas the QTL on 2AS represented the Yr17/Lr37 region on the 2NS/2AS translocation. The QTL on 2DS was a unique locus conferring leaf rust resistance in Mexico and stem rust resistance in Kenya. In addition to these pleiotropic loci, four minor QTLs were also identified on chromosomes 2DL and 6BS associated with stripe rust, and 3AL and 6AS for stem rust, respectively, using the Kenya disease severity data. Significant decreases in disease severities were also demonstrated due to additive effects of QTLs when present in combinations.

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Hsiang, T., G. A. Chastagner, J. M. Dunlap, and R. F. Stettler. "Genetic variation and productivity of Populustrichocarpa and its hybrids. VI. Field susceptibility of seedlings to Melampsoraoccidentalis leaf rust." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-061.

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A 3-year study on the incidence and severity of leaf rust caused by Melampsoraoccidentalis on hybrid poplars began in 1987 when inter- and intra-specific crosses were made with 20 Populustrichocarpa (T), 8 Populusmaximowiczii (M), and 3 Populustrichocarpa × Populusdeltoides (TD) parents. A total of 5100 seedlings from 67 families were initially surveyed for rust in 1988; however, this number declined to less than 3700 by 1990, and rust infection likely contributed to seedling mortality. There was significantly greater rust incidence and severity in T × T crosses than in T × M, M × TD, TD × M, or M × M crosses. For the 12 M × M crosses and the 6 three-way crosses (M × TD, TD × M), less than 1% of the seedlings had any rust in the 3 years. In the 20 T × M crosses, over 65% of the seedlings showed no rust and less than 1% showed heavy rust. For T × T seedlings from 29 crosses, less than 3% had no rust. Reciprocal crosses of P. trichocarpa from east or west of the Cascade Mountains in Washington showed that the female parent contributed more to rust susceptibility than the male parent. In regression analyses, P. trichocarpa midparent rust ratings were negatively correlated with family survival and positively correlated with the mean progeny rust rating. Narrow-sense family heritabilities were moderate to high for rust susceptibility (h2 = 0.43 in 1988, 0.53 in 1989, and 0.79 in 1990).

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Afzal, Amir, Sunbal Mushtaq, Aftab Ahmad, Muhammad Arsalan, Sair Sarwar, Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Hafiz Husnain Nawaz, and Asad Abbas. "Modern Approaches to Enhancing Rust Resistance in Wheat Leading to Global Food Security." Plant Protection 8, no. 1 (March 27, 2024): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33804/pp.008.01.4925.

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Rust diseases pose significant threats to wheat production. The deployment of wheat cultivars endowed with rust resistance stands as the most potent strategy for effective rust management. This resistance is primarily inherited through Mendelian principles discovered in 1905, but traditional breeding methods are time-consuming. Modern strategies have emerged to develop rust-resistant wheat varieties efficiently. Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) accelerates the breeding process through precise screening, bringing about a revolution in the creation of rust-resistant wheat varieties. Genetic engineering techniques allow the transfer of resistance genes from other species into susceptible crops, but GMO use remains controversial and regulated. Gene editing, especially with CRISPR-Cas9, is a game-changer, enabling the introduction of natural variations or inactivation of critical genes in rust pathogens, enhancing plant resistance. RNA interference (RNAi) is another promising strategy, using small RNA molecules to inhibit rust pathogen gene expression, reducing disease severity. Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) primes plant immune systems by treating them with beneficial microorganisms or compounds, fortifying them against subsequent rust infections. Eco-friendly biofungicides with antagonistic microorganisms suppress rust infections as alternatives to chemical fungicides. The development of climate-resilient wheat varieties is essential, as they indirectly enhance rust resistance, ensuring stable production amid changing climate conditions. These efforts to improve wheat productivity and rust resistance are crucial for feeding the growing global population. Integrating modern methods with traditional breeding is key to effectively combatting rust diseases and enhancing food security.

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Schmidt, Robert A., James E. Allen, Roger P. Belanger, and Thomas Miller. "Influence of Oak Control and Pine Growth on Fusiform Rust Incidence in Young Slash and Loblolly Pine Plantations." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 19, no. 4 (November 1, 1995): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/19.4.151.

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Abstract The influence of oak control and pine growth on fusiform rust incidence (percentage trees infected) on rust-susceptible slash and loblolly pines was evaluated at age 5 yr at seven potentially high-rust-incidence locations in the Coastal Plain of FL, GA, and MS. Rust-susceptible oaks were reduced or eliminated in a 9 ac treatment block and the surrounding 500 ft border zone of an oak-free (OF) area; oaks were not controlled in an adjacent oak-present (OP) area. At four of seven locations, rust incidence was significantly greater on the OF areas compared with the OP areas, and among all locations, average rust incidence on pine was greater (Pr > F = 0.06) on the OF areas (51.4%) than on the OP areas (40.0%). Greatly reducing rust-susceptible oak stems in the treatment blocks and in a surrounding 500 ft border did not reduce rust incidence on rust-susceptible slash or loblolly pine. Inoculum to infect pine came from beyond the 500 ft border zone. Greater pine height, associated with reduced competition from oaks, likely contributed to the greater rust incidence on pine in the OF areas. South. J. Appl. For. 19(4):151-156.

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Liu, J. Q., and J. A. Kolmer. "Genetics of Stem Rust Resistance in Wheat Cvs. Pasqua and AC Taber." Phytopathology® 88, no. 2 (February 1998): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.2.171.

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Canadian wheat cvs. Pasqua and AC Taber were examined genetically to determine the number and identity of stem rust resistance genes in both. The two cultivars were crossed with stem rust susceptible line RL6071, and sets of random F6 lines were developed from each cross. The F6 lines, parents, and tester lines with single stem rust resistance genes were grown in a field rust nursery, inoculated with a mixture of stem and leaf rust races, and evaluated for rust resistance. The same wheat lines were tested by inoculation with specific stem rust races in seedling tests to postulate which Sr genes were segregating in the F6 lines. Segregation of F6 lines indicated that Pasqua had three genes that conditioned field resistance to stem rust and had seedling genes Sr5, Sr6, Sr7a, Sr9b, and Sr12. Leaf rust resistance gene Lr34, which is in Pasqua, was associated with adult-plant stem rust resistance in the segregating F6 lines. Adult-plant gene Sr2 was postulated to condition field resistance in AC Taber, and seedling genes Sr9b, Sr11, and Sr12 also were postulated to be in AC Taber.

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Zhang, J., C. R. Wellings, R. A. McIntosh, and R. F. Park. "Seedling resistances to rust diseases in international triticale germplasm." Crop and Pasture Science 61, no. 12 (2010): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp10252.

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Seedling resistances to stem rust, leaf rust and stripe rust were evaluated in the 37th International Triticale Screening Nursery, distributed by the International Wheat and Maize Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) in 2005. In stem rust tests, 12 and 69 of a total of 81 entries were postulated to carry Sr27 and SrSatu, respectively. When compared with previous studies of CIMMYT triticale nurseries distributed from 1980 to 1986 and 1991 to 1993, the results suggest a lack of expansion in the diversity of stem rust resistance. A total of 62 of 64 entries were resistant to five leaf rust pathotypes. In stripe rust tests, ~93% of the lines were postulated to carry Yr9 alone or in combination with other genes. The absence of Lr26 in these entries indicated that Yr9 and Lr26 are not genetically associated in triticale. A high proportion of nursery entries (63%) were postulated to carry an uncharacterised gene, YrJackie. The 13 lines resistant to stripe rust and the 62 entries resistant to leaf rust represent potentially useful sources of seedling resistance in developing new triticale cultivars. Field rust tests are needed to verify if seedling susceptible entries also carry adult plant resistance.

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Tian, Yang, Guoteng Zhang, Kenji Morimoto, and Shugen Ma. "Automated Rust Removal: Rust Detection and Visual Servo Control." Automation in Construction 134 (February 2022): 104043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.104043.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Rust'

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