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Kerppers, Flávio Klinpovous, Maria Elvira Ribeiro Cordeiro, Tatiane Budniak Mazur, Heron Bittencourt, Karoline Penteado da Luz, Andressa Panegalli Hosni, Ivo Ilvan Kerppers, et al. "Pain neuromodulation exerted by Ruta graveolens aqueous extract in experimental models of nociception/ Neuromodulação da dor exercida pela Ruta graveolens extrato aquoso em modelos experimentais de nocicepção." Brazilian Journal of Development 7, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 43667–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n4-700.
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Introduction: The use of medicinal plants for therapeutic purposes has been common practice since antiquity. Ruta graveolens L., commonly known as rue, has been shown to have antiparasitic, antioxidant, antibacterial and allelopathic activity. Objective: The objective was to investigate the antinociceptive effect of rue, as well as the mechanisms behind this effect. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 40 male Norvegicus (Wistar) rats, randomly divided into a positive control and three treatment groups administered Ruta graveolens L. aqueous extract at the following doses: 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg, p.o. The experimental models of nociception used in this study to assess effectiveness of the treatments were the formalin and capsaicin tests. Five days prior to nociceptive challenges, the tail immersion assay was conducted to determine baseline pain threshold. Results: Antinociceptive activity was observed at Ruta graveolens L. aqueous extract concentrations of 50 mg/kg and 100mg/kg. 500 mg/kg induced pro-nociceptive activity with activation of the L-arginine-oxide-nitric system. Conclusion: These results suggest Ruta graveolens L. aqueous extract antinociceptive activity, and possible antagonism towards receptors
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Guerra, Antonia Mirian Nogueira de Moura, Priscila Santos Silva, Hélen Tamares Santos de Sá, Deyse Silva dos Santos, Aline Carla de Medeiros, and Debora Cristina Coelho. "Uso de Plantas com Fins Medicinais no Município de Barra – BA." Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 11, no. 2 (April 18, 2016): 08. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v11i2.4244.
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Este trabalho foi realizado no Assentamento de Reforma Agrária Sítio Novo, Barra–BA, objetivando conhecer as espécies medicinais e suas formas de uso adotadas pela população local. Entre Abril e Maio de 2015 foram realizadas entrevistas com aplicação de questionários estruturados. Todos os entrevistados fazem uso de plantas medicinais e cultivam alguma espécie em suas residências, usam as plantas por tradição familiar e por se tratar de um remédio natural consomem principalmente quando estão doentes. Foram registradas 258 citações, nas quais foram relatadas a utilização de várias partes vegetais das 41 espécies, em 11 formas de preparo, com diferentes finalidades terapêuticas. As folhas e as cascas foram as partes mais utilizadas e os chás a principal forma de uso. As famílias Lamiaceae, Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae e Rutaceae foram aquelas com maior representatividade e adoção medicinal. As espécies mais citadas foram a Cymbopogon citratus (Capim Santo – 15,5%), Lantana camara L. (Camará – 10,5%), Mentha sp. (Hortelã Miúdo – 9,7%), Ocimum basilicum L. (Manjericão – 5,4%) e Ruta graveolens L. (Arruda – 4,6%) que corresponderam por 45,7% das citações. Entre as indicações terapêuticas citadas, destacam-se: doenças associadas ao sistema respiratório, indicações anti-inflamatórias, hipertensão, calmante e doenças associadas ao sistema digestivo. Nota-se que os moradores são detentores de um vasto conhecimento empírico relacionados à etnobotânica e as condições climáticas relacionadas ao manejo da flora da região e que o uso de plantas medicinais para fins terapêuticos é marcante, evidenciando que o uso popular de plantas medicinais está inserido significativamente nas esferas social e cultural dessa comunidade, o que assegurará a perpetuação dos costumes entre as próximas gerações.Use plants with medicinal purposes in Barra - BA MunicipalityAbstract: This work was carried out in the Settlement Land Reform New Site, Barra-BA, in order to know the medicinal plants and their use forms adopted by local people. Between April and May 2015 interviews were conducted with structured questionnaires. All respondents make use of medicinal plants and cultivate some kind in their homes, use plants by family tradition and because it is a natural remedy consuming especially when they are sick. 258 citations were registered, in which were reported the use of various plant parts of 41 species, 11 types of preparation, with different therapeutic purposes. The leaves and bark were the most used parts and teas the main form of use. The Lamiaceae families, Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae and Rutaceae were those with greater representation and medicinal adoption. The most cited species were Cymbopogon citratus (Capim Santo - 15.5%), Lantana camara L. (Camará - 10.5%), Mentha sp. (Mint Kid - 9.7%), Ocimum basilicum L. (Basil - 5.4%) and Ruta graveolens L. (Arruda - 4.6%) which accounted for 45.7% of the citations. Among the therapeutic indications mentioned, include: diseases associated with respiratory, anti-inflammatory indications, hypertension, soothing and diseases associated with the digestive system. Note that the residents are in possession of a vast empirical knowledge related to ethnobotany and climatic conditions related to the management of the flora of the region and the use of medicinal plants for therapeutic purposes is striking, showing that the popular use of medicinal plants is inserted significantly in the social and cultural spheres of the community, which will ensure the perpetuation of customs among the next generations.
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Ayala Martínez, Maricela, Armando Zepeda-Bastida, and Sergio Soto-Simental. "Efectos de la suplementación dietética con Ruta graveolens en el desempeño, las características de la canal y la calidad de la carne de conejo." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias 11, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 1220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v11i4.5460.
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Ruta graveolens is a weed that can be used to feed rabbits. The aim of this study was to determine growth performance, carcass and meat quality of rabbits after their dietary supplementation with Ruta graveolens. Sixty (60) weaned rabbits were randomly assigned to five treatments; control diet (C) or diets supplemented either with leaves (25RL or 50RL) or complete plant of Ruta graveolens (25CP or 50CP). The use of Ruta graveolens has a similar (P>0.05) growth performance to the control group and feed conversion rate. Carcass quality was different (P<0.05) among treatments in empty body weight, empty gastrointestinal tract and fat. The pH decreased when Ruta graveolens was used to feed growing rabbits, but meat produced better texture parameters than control group. The results obtained in the present study suggest that Ruta graveolens can be considered as an alternative feed source in the diets of rabbits.
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P. John, Reshma, and A. Shahul Hameed. "PROMISING ANTI CONVULSANT EFFECT OF A HERBAL DRUG IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 888–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12919.
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Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic disease affecting human beings.This brain disorder is characterized by tendency for recurrent seizures or fits. The seizures can leads to loss of consciousness, disturbance of movement, muscle spasms, autonomic and mental functions. In Ayurveda the epilepsy is correlated to Apasmara by classical symptomatology especially under generalized tonic-clonic seizure.Treatment of epilepsy is a long-term process and usage of conventional antiepileptic drugs Carbamazepine, Valproic acid, Ethosuximide, Phenobarbital, Benzodiazepine and Phenytoin produce unpleasant side effects in long run. So a safe herbal medicine in this condition is a necessity. The traditional healers of kerala, in their practice they widely use one herbal drug called Guchapatra (Ruta graveolens L) commonly known as Aruta in Malayalam. The plant is administered as ghrita (a preparation with ghee as the main base) for the effective management of Apasmara (Epilepsy). Guchapatra (Ruta graveolens L) is a strongly odoriferous perennial herb belonging to the family Rutaceae. The claim of anti epileptic effect of Ghee prepared with Ruta graveolens is not proven scientifically till date. The aim of present study is to test Guchapatra (Ruta graveolens .L) for its anti-convulsant effect by Maximal electroshock seizure (MES) method in Albino rats. The drug was administered in the form of Ghrita. The experiment was carried out in 3 groups having 6 Wistar albino rats per group. Phenytoin was the standard drug. Group 1 (control – distilled water), Group 2 (standard drug - Phenytoin), Group 3 (Normal dose of Guchapatra ghritam (Ghee prepared with Ruta graveolens. L). Reduction in duration of Tonic Hind Limb Extension (THE) in seconds or the complete absence of tonic extensor phase of MES convulsions was taken as the assessment criteria for Anti-convulsant effect. The observations statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukeys multiple comparison tests. The in-vivo experiment revealed that the Guchapatra (Ruta graveolens. L) as a ghrita (Ghee) preparation posses equal anti- convulsant effect in comparison with standard drug Phenytoin.
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Poutaraud, Anne, Frédéric Bourgaud, Philippe Girardin, and Eric Gontier. "Cultivation of rue (Ruta graveolens L., Rutaceae) for the production of furanocoumarins of therapeutic value." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 10 (October 1, 2000): 1326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-112.
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Common rue (Ruta graveolens L.) synthesizes furanocoumarins, which are used in dermatology. The production of these molecules requires the improvement of cultural techniques so as to provide plant material with a high content and (or) yield of furanocoumarins for the pharmaceutical extraction industry. Two experiments were set up, firstly, to improve our understanding of the production of these secondary metabolites by the plant and, secondly, to study the influence of successive cuts on their synthesis. The furanocoumarin content was dependent on the proportion of leaves and fruits on the plant. Conversely, it was independent of the biomass at a given age. The shoots harvested 3 months after sowing had a high furanocoumarin content, as did the fruits in the 2nd year (in both cases about 0.9% of the dry matter). However, the dry matter yield produced was low (0.2 and 1.6 tonnes·ha-1, respectively). The harvest of the shoots in the 2nd year gave a high yield (about 5 tonnes·ha-1) but had a lower furanocoumarin content (0.4%). A system of successive cuts (three cuts in the 2nd year) enabled harvesting to be spread out. The plant material then contained 0.5% furanocoumarins, for 3.3 tonnes of dry matter harvested. The proportion of different furanocoumarins varied according to year and plant parts.Key words: Ruta graveolens L., furanocoumarin, cultivation, cuts, secondary metabolite, Rutaceae.
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Law, Sujata, Shalini Sanyal, Ritam Chatterjee, Atrayo Law, Aditya Law, and Sukalpa Chattopadhyay. "Therapeutic management of peritoneal ascitic sarcomatosis by Ruta graveolens: A study in experimental mice." Pathology - Research and Practice 214, no. 9 (September 2018): 1282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2018.07.006.
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Poutaraud, Anne, Frédéric Bourgaud, Philippe Girardin, and Eric Gontier. "Cultivation of rue (Ruta graveolens L., Rutaceae) for the production of furanocoumarins of therapeutic value." Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no. 10 (2000): 1326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-78-10-1326.
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Bahrami, Maryam, Ghasem Mosayebi, Ali Ghazavi, and Ali Ganji. "Immunomodulation in Multiple Sclerosis by Phytotherapy." Current Immunology Reviews 16, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573395516999200930122850.
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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that can cause cognition, mobility, and sensory impairments. Studies have shown that the immune system through inflammation and autoreactive T cells are involved in the progression of MS. The present article aimed to review the potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory agents that could modulate the immune response in MS. In herbal medicine, various medicinal plants including Olive, Silybum marianum, Grape, Pomegranate peel extract, Nigella sativa, Turmeric, Green tea, Aloysia citrodora, Boswellia papyrifera, Boswellia serrata, Ruta graveolens, and Andrographis paniculata are known with therapeutic benefits in MS patients through immunoregulation and reduction of major symptoms.
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Donadu, Matthew Gavino, Yeimmy Peralta-Ruiz, Donatella Usai, Francesca Maggio, Junior Bernando Molina-Hernandez, Davide Rizzo, Francesco Bussu, et al. "Colombian Essential Oil of Ruta graveolens against Nosocomial Antifungal Resistant Candida Strains." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7050383.
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Drug resistance in antifungal therapy, a problem unknown until a few years ago, is increasingly assuming importance especially in immunosuppressed patients and patients receiving chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In the past years, the use of essential oils as an approach to improve the effectiveness of antifungal agents and to reduce antifungal resistance levels has been proposed. Our research aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Colombian rue, Ruta graveolens, essential oil (REO) against clinical strains of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilopsis, Candida glabrata, and Candida tropicalis. Data obtained showed that C. tropicalis and C. albicans were the most sensitive strains showing minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 4.1 and 8.2 µg/mL of REO. Time–kill kinetics assay demonstrated that REO showed a fungicidal effect against C. tropicalis and a fungistatic effect against C. albicans. In addition, an amount of 40% of the biofilm formed by C. albicans was eradicated using 8.2 µg/mL of REO after 1 h of exposure. The synergistic effect of REO together with some antifungal compounds was also investigated. Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) showed synergic effects of REO combined with amphotericin B. REO Lead a disruption in the cellular membrane integrity, consequently resulting in increased intracellular leakage of the macromolecules, thus confirming that the plasma membrane is a target of the mode of action of REO against C. albicans and C. tropicalis.
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Pavliuk, N. V. "Study of antimicrobial activity of Ruta graveolens L. garden root extracts against clinical strains of microorganisms." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 24, no. 1 (May 18, 2020): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2020-24(1)-08.
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Annotation. The rapid growth rate of resistance of microorganisms to most antibacterial drugs forces scientists from different countries to search for new therapeutic agents that will have antimicrobial activity, as well as to which resistance of microorganisms will be slower. Promising in this situation are complexes of biologically active substances (BAS) of plant origin, which have a number of advantages over conventional antibiotics. Particularly noteworthy is the garden root (GR), which has a rich chemical composition and has a wide range of properties, including the presence of antimicrobial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity spectrum of water-ethanol extracts of garden root relative to clinical strains of microorganisms with different sensitivity to antibiotics. The method of serial dilutions in the broth investigated the direct antimicrobial activity of 5 water-ethanol extracts and tincture of herb garden Ruta graveolens L. against 53 strains of microorganisms. Gene5 and Microsoft Office Excel 2011 were used for statistical processing of the results. Among the microorganisms were the most sensitive epidermal staphylococci, growth inhibition of 57.9% and 47.4% of the strains, which were observed at a dilution of 1:40 PC extracts of 50% and 70%, respectively. 90% of the GR extract showed its activity at a dilution of 1:20 relative to 57.9% of S. epidermidis strains. Moderate antifungal activity of MS extracts against yeast fungi of the genus Candida was also established. It is most expressed in 70% of the extract of MS, which at a dilution of 1:40 inhibited the growth of 66.7% of the strains. The active components of the garden root extracts being investigated, which showed a moderate antimicrobial and antifungal action, can be used to create new therapeutic agents for their treatment of skin infections.
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SILVA, KAREN FERREIRA DA, EDSON LUIZ LOPES BALDIN, and LUIZ EDUARDO DA ROCHA PANNUTI. "USE OF BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE MEXICAN BEAN WEEVIL." Revista Caatinga 29, no. 2 (June 2016): 348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n211rc.
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ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal activity of eight botanical species in the behavior and biological development of Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) under laboratory conditions. The botanical species were applied on bean grains (Phaseolus vulgaris Linnaeus) directly as powder or indirectly within TNT bags. Three laboratory assays were performed. First, a repellent activity test was performed by exposing twenty couples of Z. subfasciatus adults in a choice-test arena. Second, a mortality test was performed for seven days after infestation. Finally, the oviposition and emergency rates of adults (%) and the development from egg to adult (in days) were evaluated in seven couples (males and females) for seven days inside of a vial containing 0.3g of the powder from each botanical species and 10 g of bean grains (3% w.w-1). The study was conducted in a completely randomized design, and the treatments were arranged as a factorial design (2 x 9) with two factors (factor 1= powder and TNT bag application forms and factor 2= eight botanical species and control) with eight replications. The powder application form was more efficient in controlling Z. subfasciatus. Azadirachta indica (powder application), Ruta graveolens (powder application), and Piper aduncum (TNT bag) reduced the infestation of adults. The species A. inidica, Piper tuberculatum, Trichilia catigua, Pfaffia glomerata, R. graveolens, and Mentha pulegium inhibited the oviposition of the insects regardless of the formulation applied. R. graveolens (powder application) caused 100% of mortality. The powder application of R. graveolens and M. pulegium reduced egg viability and insect emergence; therefore, they are very promising alternatives to control Z. subfasciatus in stored grains.
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Semerdjieva, Ivanka B., Marian Burducea, Tess Astatkie, Valtcho D. Zheljazkov, and Ivayla Dincheva. "Essential Oil Composition of Ruta graveolens L. Fruits and Hyssopus officinalis Subsp. aristatus (Godr.) Nyman Biomass as a Function of Hydrodistillation Time." Molecules 24, no. 22 (November 8, 2019): 4047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224047.
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The aim of this study was to establish the kinetics regression models for yield and composition of Ruta graveolens fruit and Hyssopus officinalis subsp. aristatus aboveground biomass essential oil (EO), collected at different time intervals during the hydrodistillation process. The hypothesis was that collecting the EO fractions during specific time frames may result in EOs with dissimilar composition that may have differential use by the industry. Furthermore, we calculated the kinetics regression models for the composition of EO, isolated by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and characterized by GC-MS and GC-FID analyses. The EO yield of R. graveolens fruits was 0.39% (relative area % of GC-FID chromatogram), with major constituents in the Control fraction (0–90 min) being 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, and 2-undecanol, representing 65% of the total oil. The highest concentration of 2-nonanone (60%) was found in the 30–60 min oil fraction, the concentration of 2-undecanone (35%) was highest in the Control (0–90 min) fraction, and the concentration of eucalyptol (19%) was highest in the 5–10 min fraction. The EO yield of H. officinalis subsp. aristatus dried biomass was 1.12%. The major constituents in the Control fraction (0–90 min) of H. officinalis biomass were eucalyptol, α-pinene, sabinene, β-pinene, and cis-3-pinanone, representing 86% of the total. Eucalyptol (58%) was the highest in the 0–5 min fraction. The highest β-pinene (15%) and cis-3-pinanone (20%) contents were found in the 20–40 min fraction. The kinetics regression models that were developed for EO composition of R. graveolens were second-order polynominal, Michaelis–Menten, and Exponential decay, while for EO composition of H. officinalis subsp. aristatus biomass were Exponential decay and Power. The results from this study could benefit the EO industry.
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Perera, A. G. W. U., M. M. S. C. Karunaratne, and S. D. M. Chinthaka. "Qualitative Determination, Quantitative Evaluation and Comparative Insecticidal Potential of Ruta Graveolens Essential Oil and Its Major Constituents in the Management of Two Stored Pests Sitophilus Zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) And Corcyra Cephalon." Sustainable Development Research (ISSN 2690-9898 e-ISSN 2690-9901) 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): p55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/sdr.v1n1p55.
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Eco-chemical control based on essential oil mediated plant-insect interactions is an alternative method to the unsystematic use of insecticides, due to advanced structural diversity and allelopathic potential of essential oils. In this sense, present work was aimed at qualitative and quantitative investigation of chemical composition and the evaluation of insecticidal activities of Ruta graveolens essential oil and its major constituents against Sitophilus zeamais and Corcyra cephalonica in stored maize. Fresh leaves were subjected to hydrodistillaton and the chemical composition of oil was studied. Essential oil and its major constituents were then assessed for their allelopathic activity on test insects. Fifty components were identified, where long chain aliphatic 2-methyl ketones predominated the oil as major constituents. Results revealed strong concentration-, insect species- and time-dependent toxicities, in which oil caused 100 % mortalities at concentrations of 1.52 and 0.46 µL/cm2 against S. zeamais and C. cephalonica respectively after 24 hours of exposure. In aliphatic 2-methyl ketone series, respective congeners having odd and even number of carbon atoms were more effective on S. zeamais and C. cephalonica. These findings provide a scientific basis for the eco-potential of using essential oil of R. graveolens and its major constituents in integrated insect pest management programs.
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Lopes, Ana I. F., David M. Pereira, M. Sameiro T. Gonçalves, A. Gil Fortes, and Elisabete M. S. Castanheira. "Valorization of Plant Extracts by Encapsulation in Lipid Nanosystems for Application as Potential Insecticides." Proceedings 41, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-23-06616.
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Plants have been used for centuries to treat diseases and are considered an important source of new antimicrobial agents. Plant extracts can be obtained and their composition determined, being widely employed in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. A less explored and potential application is the use as green insecticides/insect repellents, as an alternative to current pesticides. Despite the desirable properties, many of the isolated components (phytochemicals) present limitations on their use, due to high volatility and easy degradation when exposed to air. Nanoencapsulation techniques arise as promising strategies to allow the preservation and controlled release of plant extracts. In this work, a series of plant materials, Phytolacca americana L., Tagetes patula L., and Ruta graveolens L., were subjected to Soxhlet extraction using various solvents and times of extraction. The extracts obtained were submitted to biological studies, to assess their potential against the insect cell line Sf9. Encapsulation assays in lipid nanosystems were carried out, with encapsulation efficiencies higher than 70%.
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Harrington, Natalie. "Harmala Alkaloids as Bee Signaling Chemicals." Journal of Student Research 1, no. 1 (March 25, 2012): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47611/jsr.v1i1.30.
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Harmala alkaloids are pharmaceutically active molecules that can be found in various plants. These alkaloids are fluorescent molecules in the range of 300-700nm. Coincidently, bees have a similar visible range of 300-600nm. This study takes these observations and interweaves them into a hypothesis: since bees use their sight to find flowers to pollinate, then these flowers contain harmala alkaloids that would be visible to bees. It can then be inferred harmala alkaloids attract bees. In other words, harmala alkaloids are functional components of plants. In order to determine harmala alkaloids content, standard solutions of harmine, harmaline, harmane, harmol, and harmalol will be compared with extractions from plant samples using high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence.A variety of plants were chosen to represent three categories. The first is plants that are found to be insect pollinated, these include lemon balm (Melissa officinali), common rue (Ruta graveolens), meadow rue (Thalictrum aquilegifolium), hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens), spirea (Spirea japonica), forget-me-not (Myosotis scorpioides), blue star grass (Sisyrinchium augustifolium), common rue (Ruta graveolens) and meadow rue (Thalictrum aquilegifolium). The second category represents wind pollinated plants, including sugar maple (Acer saccharum), white velvet (Tradescantia sillamontana), meadow rue (Thalictrum ichangense), rhoeo (Rhoeo spathacea). Finally, a control was also analyzed. The lady fern (Athyrium felix-femina) was chosen because it is not genetically related to the plants in categories one or two and is not insect or wind pollinated.Following chemical analysis, each of the insect pollinated plants was found to contain harmala alkaloids. The lady fern (Athyrium felix-femina) contained no harmala alkaloids, as well as the wind pollinated plants. Due to these results as well as a study of bee behavior, we were able to conclude that harmala alkaloids are present in plants that attract bees. This study both contributes to an understanding of factors involved in pollination and can be used as a guide for further investigation into a natural source of harmala alkaloids.
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González-Locarno, María, Yarley Maza Pautt, Alberto Albis, Edwin Florez López, and Carlos David Grande Tovar. "Assessment of Chitosan-Rue (Ruta graveolens L.) Essential Oil-Based Coatings on Refrigerated Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) Quality." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 13, 2020): 2684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082684.
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Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is one of the main exotic fruits in demand throughout the world market. However, this fruit has problems with physical and microbial decay causing losses up to thirty percent during post-harvest stage and market storage. As an alternative for conservation, technologies based on edible coatings of biopolymers incorporating essential oils have been developed. In this paper we studied the effect of edible coatings based on chitosan (CS) and Ruta graveolens L. essential oil (RGEO) at different concentrations applied on the surface gooseberries at 18 ± 2 °C. The emulsions exhibited a reduction in the viscosity and the particle size with the increasing in the RGEO amount (from 124.7 cP to 26.0 cP for CS + RGEO 0.5% and CS + RGEO 1.5%, respectively). A lower weight loss was obtained for fruits coated with CS + RGEO 0.5% (12.7%) as compared to the uncoated (15%), while the maturity index increased in a lower amount for CS + RGEO coated than the uncoated fruits. The mesophyll growth was delayed three days after the coating applications for CS + RGEO 1.0% and 1.5%. At day twelve of the coating process, fruits with CS + RGEO 1.5% presented only 3.1 Log UFC/g of aerobic mesophylls and 2.9 Log UFC/g of molds and yeasts, while the uncoated fruits presented 4.2 Log UFC/g of aerobic mesophylls and 4.0 Log UFC/g of molds and yeasts, demonstrating a microbial barrier of the coatings incorporating RGEO in a concentration dependent manner. The CS + RGEO coating also preserve the antioxidant property of case gooseberries after twelve days of treatment under storage according to the 2,2′-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) results. It was demonstrated by the ABTS method that T5 antioxidant capacity from day one to day twelve only decreases from 55% to 44%, while in the uncoated fruits (T1) the antioxidant capacity decreased from 65% to 18%. On the other hand, using the DPPH method the reduction was from 73% to 24% for the uncoated samples and 55% to 43% for T5. From the sensorial analysis, we recommend the use of CS + RGEO 0.5% that was still accepted by the panelists after the sixth day of application. These results show the potential application of these coatings as postharvest treatment under storage and low temperature conditions during twelve days of treatment for cape gooseberry fruits.
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Pereira, Flávia Liparini, José Martins Fernandes, and João Paulo Viana Leite. "Ethnopharmacological survey: a selection strategy to identify medicinal plants for a local phytotherapy program." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 48, no. 2 (June 2012): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502012000200014.
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Ethnopharmacological studies are important for documenting and protecting cultural and traditional knowledge associated with the medical use of biodiversity. In this paper, we present a survey on medicinal plants used by locals in a community of Nova Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, as a strategy to select medicinal plants for a phytotherapy-based local healthcare program. Eleven knowledgeable local informants were chosen by snowball sampling and interviewed about the use of medicinal plants. Plant samples were collected, herborised and then identified using traditional techniques and specialised literature. We sampled 107 medicinal plant species belonging to 86 genera and 39 families, predominantly Asteraceae with 16 species. Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw, M. pulegium L., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Ruta graveolens L. were found to have Consensus of Main Use corrected (CMUc) values above 50%, which were in agreement with the traditional uses described by the informants. However, species with CMUc values equal to or above 20%, combined with the scientific information survey, were also used to select medicinal plants for the phytotherapy-based local healthcare program. The selection of medicinal plants based on the CMUc index from this particular community, in combination with the scientific survey, appears to be an effective strategy for the implementation of phytotherapy programs.
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SYAHID, SITTI FATIMAH, and NATALINI NOVA KRISTINA. "PENGARUH AUKSIN IBA DAN NAA TERHADAP INDUKSI PERAKARAN INGGU." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v20n3.2014.122-129.
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<p><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">ABSTRAK</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">Inggu (Ruta graveolens L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat <br /> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">langka di Indonesia yang perlu dilestarikan. Upaya konservasi tanaman <br /> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">inggu telah dilakukan secara in vitro di laboratorium Balittro selama 17 <br /> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">tahun pada kultur tunas. Untuk mengobservasi kestabilan genetik perlu <br /> dilakukan induksi perakaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui <br /> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">pengaruh auksin IBA dan NAA terhadap induksi perakaran inggu secara in <br /> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">vitro. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah tunas steril inggu in vitro <br /> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">yang telah berumur 17 tahun, yang ditanam pada media dasar Murashige <br /> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">dan Skoog (MS) setengah konsentrasi (½ MS) yang diperkaya vitamin dari <br /> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: medium;">group B. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah beberapa taraf konsentrasi auksin <br /> IBA dan NAA (0; 0,001; 0,002; dan </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">0,003 mg/l). Rancangan yang <br /> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan lima ulangan. Setiap <br /> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">ulangan terdiri dari lima botol yang berisi dua tanaman. Parameter yang <br /> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">diamati adalah jumlah, panjang, dan bentuk akar, serta jumlah tunas dan <br /> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">penampilan kultur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan <br /> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">media ½ MS yang diperkaya NAA pada konsentrasi rendah 0,001 mg/l <br /> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: medium;">menghasilkan jumlah akar terbanyak, yaitu 13,6 akar. Perlakuan ini juga <br /> menghasilkan banyak bulu-bulu akar yang menandakan akar yang sehat.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">Kata kunci: Ruta graveolens L., IBA, NAA, induksi perakaran, in vitro</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p> </p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">The Effect of Auxin IBA and NAA to In Vitro Rooting Induction of Roe (Ruta graveolens L.) </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">ABSTRACT</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">Roe (Ruta graveolens L.) is one of the Indonesian rare medicinal <br /> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">plants. An attempt to conserve roe, has been conducted through in vitro <br /> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">culture of sterile shoots at the laboratory of the Indonesian Spice and <br /> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">Medicinal Crops Research Institut (ISMCRI) for 17 years. To observe the <br /> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: medium;">genetic stability of culture following in vitro conservation for a long <br /> period, the collection must be tested in greenhouse and field. Therefore, it <br /> is necessary to induce rooting. The aim of the experiment was to observe <br /> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: medium;">the effect of IBA and NAA auxin to root induction of roe. The sterile <br /> shoots were used as material. They were planted on half-concentration (½ <br /> MS) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, enriched with vitamin from <br /> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">group B. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design <br /> </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: medium;">with five replications. Each replication consist of five bottles with two <br /> plants. The treatment tested were several concentrations of IBA and NAA <br /> (0; 0.001; 0.002; and 0.003 mg/l). The parameters observed were number, <br /> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: medium;">lenght, shape, and length of roots, and also the number of shoots and <br /> culture performance. The result showed that the use of ½ MS + NAA</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: medium;">0.001 mg/l produced the highest number of roots </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: medium;">(13.6 roots). This <br /> treatment also produced a lot of root hairs which indicates a healthy roots.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;"> </span></p>Key words: Ruta graveolens L., IBA, NAA, roots induction, in vitro
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Farzan, Behrooz, Somayeh Shahsavari, Saber Abbaszadeh, and Hassan Teimouri. "Phytotherapy for seizure: An overview of the most important indigenous Iranian medicinal plants with anticonvulsant properties." Plant Science Today 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.4.557.
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The statistics show that more than fifty million people worldwide suffer from seizure and epilepsy, and most of them are resistant to antiepileptic drugs. The causes of seizure attacks are different, including various diseases of the nervous system, infections, tumors, brain trauma, congenital diseases, fever, toxicity and metabolic factors. Currently, drugs such as phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, valproic acid and diazepam are used to treat epileptic seizures, which in turn lead to side effects. Studies have shown that the use of natural and herbal antiseptic agents has beneficial and protective effects. In this review article, the most important indigenous Iranian medicinal plants used to treat seizures are reported. Information to conduct this review article has been obtained using the search terms seizure, neurological lesion, phytotherapy, Iran, medicinal plants, extracts and essential oils to retrieve articles indexed in databases such as Scopus, Scientific Information Database, Magiran, Google Scholar and other Persian databases. The relevant articles were further reviewed for medicinal plants with anticonvulsant properties. Based on the results, medicinal plants such as Peganum harmala, Lavandula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Tanacetum sonbolii, Launaea acanthodes, Ocimum basilicum, Salvia sahendica, Ruta graveolens, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Ziziphora tenuior, Heracleum persicum and Scrophularia striata are among the most important medicinal plants in Iran with anticonvulsant effect.
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Al-Oqail, Mai M., and Nida N. Farshori. "Antioxidant and Anticancer Efficacies of Anethum graveolens against Human Breast Carcinoma Cells through Oxidative Stress and Caspase Dependency." BioMed Research International 2021 (May 4, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5535570.
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Anethum graveolens, belonging to the family Apiaceae, has been extensively used for medicinal and therapeutic purposes since long. Plants encompass rich number of effective constituents with less toxicity. Thus, nowadays, the attempts are being made to search plant constituents that can prevent and reverse the chronic diseases, such as cancer. In this study, an in vitro antioxidant and anticancer efficacies of Anethum graveolens (AG-ME) were studied on human breast (MCF-7), lung (A-549), and cervical (HeLa) carcinoma cell lines. The antioxidant efficacies of AG-ME were evaluated by total antioxidant, DPPH radical scavenging, H2O2 scavenging, and ferrous reducing antioxidant assays. Further, the anticancer potential of AG-ME was also determined against different cancer cell lines. The AG-ME exhibited strong antioxidant activities as observed by antioxidant assays. AG-ME also showed a dose-dependent anticancer/cytotoxic potential against MCF-7, A-549, and HeLa cell lines. The AG-ME-induced reduction in GSH and increase in SOD activities indicates the role of oxidative stress in AG-ME-induced MCF-7 cell death. The results also exhibited that AG-ME triggered ROS production and significantly reduced MMP level. Moreover, a dose-dependent increase in caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities suggests that the AG-ME-induced MCF-7 cell death is caspase-dependent. Together, the present study provides reasoning and reassurance for the uses of A. graveleons for medical purposes as an antioxidant and anticancer agent. Additional investigations are required to examine biological and anticancer activities under an in vivo system to discover a possible beneficial use of AG-ME against diseases.
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Goodarzi, Mohammad Taghi, Iraj Khodadadi, Heidar Tavilani, and Ebrahim Abbasi Oshaghi. "The Role ofAnethum graveolensL. (Dill) in the Management of Diabetes." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1098916.
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Aim. There is evidence thatAnethum graveolens(AG) has been used for centuries in Asian traditional medicine, and its constituents have useful effects on the control and management of diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. AG has many useful effects, including hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects, and it has been reported to reduce the incidence of diabetic complications. It acts mainly by affecting antioxidant capacity and change in some genes in glucose and lipid pathways. The aim of the present paper was to summarize pharmacological effects of AG in the management of diabetes.Methods. To prepare this review, a pharmacological and phytochemical literature survey was performed using Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Also, some historical and ethnopharmacological literature sources were used.Results. This review plans to provide readers with an assessment of the pharmacological effects of AG, especially in diabetes.Conclusion. The paper highlights the therapeutic effects of AG which would aid in supporting their safe use in the management of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
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Ambady, Prakash, and Tara Morrison. "Does the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) influence survival in glioblastoma multiforme?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e12509-e12509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e12509.
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e12509 Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating CNS tumor with an incidence of around 14,000 per year in the USA. Patients often independently adopt complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) in addition to the recommended surgery and chemoradiation due to the poor prognosis of the disease despite maximal therapy. We try to document the most frequently used supplement therapies and identify differences in side effect profiles, and survival rates (PFS and OS) between groups of patients taking standard therapy versus standard therapy with CAM Methods: This is a retrospective single institution study. We reviewed charts of 25 GBM patients seen in Neuro-Oncology Clinic at Fox Chase Cancer Center between September 2010 and September 2011. All patients received standard chemoradiation. Information regarding the age, sex, use of CAM, performance status at diagnosis, side effect profile, PFS and OS was obtained. Results: 9/25 (36%) patients reported using CAM. The most frequently used supplement was the homeopathic medication Ruta-6 followed by curcumin, hydroxychloroquine, melatonin and green tea extract. The mean PFS were 14 vs 17 months in the CAM vs non-CAM groups. OS rates were 17 vs 20.5 months in the CAM vs non-CAM groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups. In addition, no differences in side effects were noted. Conclusions: Most neuro-oncologists are eventually confronted with questions about CAM in the treatment of GBM.Considering the limited therapeutic options available for GBM and the multiple options that CAM offers, this retrospective study provides insight into the most frequently used supplements and compares the benefits and their side effect profiles. Information regarding the use of CAM was based on voluntary disclosure at the time of documentation. Information about genetic markers was not always available. Larger prospective studies are required to elucidate any meaningful clinical differences between the groups.
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Barner, Erica L., and Shelly L. Gray. "Donepezil Use in Alzheimer Disease." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 32, no. 1 (January 1998): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.17150.
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OBJECTIVE To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, drug–drug interactions, and the therapeutic issues concerning the use of donepezil in patients with Alzheimer disease. DATA SOURCES Published articles and abstracts in English were identified by MEDLINE (January 1985–July 1997) searches using the search terms donepezil, E2020, treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and cholinesterase inhibitors. Additional articles were identified from the bibliographies of the retrieved articles. Data were also obtained from approved product labeling. DATA EXTRACTION The literature was assessed for adequate description of patients, methodology, and outcomes. DATA SYNTHESIS: Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor that is selective and specific for acetylcholinesterase. It is metabolized by hepatic isoenzymes CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 and undergoes glucuronidation. Information about drug interactions is limited, but a potential for drug–drug interactions does exist, given the route of elimination. Donepezil has a relative bioavailability of 100% following oral administration and is not affected by the presence of food. In 15- and 30-week trials, donepezil was effective in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease as shown by improvements on standard assessment instruments (i.e., the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive Subscale, the Clinical Interview-Based Impression of Change with Caregiver Input). Adverse effects were comparable with those of placebo, and monitoring of liver function tests is not required. CONCLUSIONS Donepezil is an effective symptomatic treatment for some patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease. Although no comparative trials have been reported, donepezil appears to be a safe alternative for tacrine, given its convenient once-daily dosing, minimal adverse effects, and lower total cost. OBJETIVO Ofrecer un resumen de la farmacología, farmacocinética, eficacia clínica, efectos adversos, interacciones, y cuestiones terapeúticas relacionadas con el uso de donepezil en pacientes con la enfermedad de Alzheimer. FUENTES DE INFORMACIÓN Artículos y extractos en inglés fueron identificados a través de MEDLINE utilizando los términos donepezil, E2020, tratamiento de Alzheimer, e inhibidores de colinesterasa. Artículos adicionales fueron seleccionados a partir de la bibliografía de la literatura identificada. También se obtuvo información a partir de la marcación aprobada del producto. SELECCIÓN DE ESTUDIOS Los estudios fueron evaluados en cuanto a descripción adecuada de los pacientes, metodología, y resultados. SÍNTESIS Donepezil es un inhibidor selectivo de la colinesterasa y específico para la acetilcolinesterasa. Es metabolizado por las enzimas hepáticas CYP2D6 y CYP3A4 y experimenta glucuronidación. Aunque hay poca información acerca de interacciones con otras drogas, la potencial para estas interacciones existe, dada la ruta de eliminación. Después de administración oral, la biodisponibilidad relativa de donepezil es 100% y no es afectada por la presencia de comida. En estudios clínicos de 15 a 30 semanas de duración, pacientes con síntomas categorizadas como leve o moderados que recibieron donepezil demostraron mejoramientos en cuanto a resultados en pruebas estadardizadas. Efectos adversos fueron comparables con placebo y el uso de donepezil no requiere el monitoreo de pruebas de función hepática. CONCLUSIONES Donepezil es un tratamiento sintomático efectivo para algunos pacientes con la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Aunque no se han reportado estudios comparativos con tacrine, donepezil es un alternativo que ofrece dosificación una vez diariamente, un costo más bajo, efectos adversos mínimos y ningunos reportes de hepatotoxicidad. OBJECTIF Revoir la pharmacologie, la pharmacocinétique, l'efficacité clinique, les effets indésirables, les interactions médicamenteuses, et les buts thérapeutiques du donépézil chez les personnes avec de la maladie d'Alzheimer. REVUE DE LITTÉRATURE Les articles publiés et les RÉSUMÉs de langue anglaise ont été identifiés par une recherche dans la banque informatisee MEDLINE (1985–1997) sous les termes donépézil, E2020, traitement de la maladie d'Alzheimer, et inhibiteurs de la cholinestérase. D'autres articles ont été identifiés à partir des articles déjà identifiés par cette recherche. Des données ont aussi été extraites de la monographie du produit. SÉLECTION DE LINFORMATION: Les articles ont été comparés quant à la description adéquate des patients, la méthodologie, et les résultats attendus. RÉSUMÉ Le donépézil est un inhibiteur sélectif de la cholinestérase spécifique pour l'acétylcholinestérase. Il est métabolisé par les enzymes hépatiques CYP2D6 et CYP3A4 et subit la glucuronidation. L'information sur les interactions médicamenteuses est limitée, mais des interactions médicamenteuses sont possibles compte tenu de la voie d'élimination de ce produit. La biodisponibilité du donépézil est complet 100% par la voie orale et n'est pas modifiée en présence d'aliments. Dans des essais cliniques de 15 et 30 semaines, le donépézil est efficace chez les personnes avec de la maladie d'Alzheimer l'égère à modérée, tel que montré par des améliorations sur des échelles d'évaluation (ADAS-C, CIBIC). Les effets indésirables du donépézil dans ces études sont comparables à ceux du placébo et des tests de la fonction hépatique ne sont pas requis comme avec la tacrine. CONCLUSIONS Le donépézil est un traitement symptomatique efficace chez quelques personnes avec de la maladie d'Alzheimer légère à modérée. Même s'il n'existe pas d'études comparatives, le donépézil semble une alternative sécuritaire à la tacrine, compte tenu de sa prise uniquotidienne, de ses effets indésirables minimes et de son faible coût.
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Ajebli, Mohammed, and Mohamed Eddouks. "Phytotherapy of Hypertension: An Updated Overview." Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 20, no. 6 (July 17, 2020): 812–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666191227104648.
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Background: Cardiovascular disorders are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the globe. Hypertension is the main risk factor that contributes to the development of many diseases. The use of herbal therapies, medicinal plants and their derivatives for remedying and managing hypertension is well recognized and popular among a wide part of the world population. Methods: The aim of the current review was to collect, treat, and critically analyze the published research relative to experimental and clinical investigations which have studied the blood pressure lowering abilities of medicinal plant derivatives in the last decade. This review was organized into three principal axes; the first axis was attributed to the in vivo and in vitro experimental studies; the second treated the clinical trials; while, the last one is devoted to analyze the mechanisms of action underlying the therapeutic antihypertensive effectiveness of phytochemicals. Results: Different types of extracts and isolated molecules obtained from a large variety of species demonstrated their efficiency in improving raise of blood pressure either experimentally or clinically. Medicinal species such as garlic (Allium sativum), celery (Apium graveolens), Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) and Ginseng (Panax) are among the most common and therapeutically used plant derivatives for controlling hypertension while Asteraceae, Apiaceae and Rosaceae are among the botanical families which were frequently studied in the last decade. Whereas, isolated compounds such as allicin and apigenin have received more interest in this field. Recent evidence from clinical trials suggests that a wide variety of herbal preparations and plant extracts or natural isolated compounds have a favorable therapeutic impact on blood flow. Interestingly, phytochemicals can either act directly on blood vessels via a vasorelaxant effect involving a variety of signaling cascades or indirectly through inhibiting or stimulating a diversity of systems such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), renin angiotensin system (RAS) or the diuretic activity. Hence, based on the findings of the present review medicinal plant derivatives could be used as preventive and curative agents in the case of cardiovascular disorders, particularly hypertension and could play a promoting function for the discovery of new antihypertensive agents. Conclusion: In conclusion, the analysis of the published data shows that a great effort remains to be done to investigate the medicinal plants cited as antihypertensive through published ethnopharmacological surveys. The analysis of the literature in this field shows the lack of standardization at the level of experimental study methods as well as the need to study purified molecules. Moreover the mechanistic studies when they exist remain in the whole partial. On the other hand few advanced clinical studies have been conducted. Finally the determination of the efficacy/safety ratio remains absent in almost all studies.
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"EFECTO ALEPOPÁTICO DE TRES EXTRACTOS VEGETALES SOBRE EL DESARROLLO DE RAPHANUS SATIVUS (BRASSICACEAE) EN EL PERÚ." Revista ECIPeru, January 17, 2019, 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.33017/reveciperu2007.0007/.
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EFECTO ALEPOPÁTICO DE TRES EXTRACTOS VEGETALES SOBRE EL DESARROLLO DE RAPHANUS SATIVUS (BRASSICACEAE) EN EL PERÚ ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF THREE PLANTS EXTRACTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAPHANUS SATIVUS (BRASSICACEAE) IN PERÚ Hildebrando Ayala & Rafael La Rosa DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2007.0007/ RESUMEN El uso de plantas con actividad alelopática en la actualidad resulta de gran importancia porque nos permite el desarrollo de una agricultura rentable y no contaminante del medio ambiente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la acción de extractos acuosos de ajo (Allium sativum L, Liliaceae), palta (Persea americana Mill, Lauraceae) y ruda (Ruta graveolens L, Rutaceae) sobre el desarrollo de la hortaliza rabanito (Raphanus sativus L, Brassicaceae). Los extractos se prepararon a partir de bulbos de A. sativum, semilla de P. americana y hojas y flores de R. graveolens a los cuales triturados se le adiciona agua hervida. Los tratamientos fueron extractos puros al (20% p/v). El diseño fue completamente aleatorizado con 4 repeticiones. Se determino peso fresco (g), peso seco (g), longitud de raíz (cm), longitud área (cm) y área foliar(cm2). Los datos se analizaron mediante ANOVA y Test de Tukey para la comparación de medias. Los resultados alcanzados muestran de que no existe efectos significativos en comparación con el control, del potencial alelopático de los extractos acuosos evaluados bajo condiciones controladas. Palabras claves: Extractos acuosos, semillas, hojas, flores, bulbos, Allium sativum, Persea americana, Ruta graveolens. ABSTRACT The use of plants with allelopathic activity nowadays is very important because it allows us to develop a profitable agriculture and non-polluting the environment. The objective of this work was to study the action of aqueous extracts of garlic (Allium sativum L, Liliaceae), avocado (Persea americana Mill, Lauraceae) and rough (Ruta graveolens L, Rutaceae) on the development of vegetable radish (Raphanus sativus L, Brassicaceae). The extracts were prepared from A. sativum bulbs, P. americana seeds and R. graveolens leaves and flowers to which he adds crushed boiled water. Treatments were the pure extracts (20% w / v). The design was completely randomized with 4 repetitions. It was found fresh weight (g), dry weight (g), root length (cm) long area (cm) and leaf area (cm2 ). The data was analyzed with Anova and Tukey test for the comparison of averages. The results show that there is no significant effects compared to the control of allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts tested under controlled conditions. Keywords: Aqueous extracts, seed, leaves, flowers, bulbs, Allium sativum, Persea americana, Ruta graveolens.
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Nazir, Sara, Javeria Arshad Malik, Mahrukh Malik, Muhammad Usman Gondal, Muhammad Shoaib Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar, and Alia Erum. "Study of Antiemetic Potential of Ruta graveolens Extracts by Copper Sulphate and Brassica campestris Induced Emesis in Chicks." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, June 17, 2021, 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i32a31715.
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The antiemetic effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of R. graveolens in young chicks was investigated. In addition, the phytochemical screening of the test plant and its acute toxicity studies were also conducted. Different doses of the extracts were tested for their antiemetic properties and were compared with the positive control antiemetic drug Chlorpromazine (150 mg/kg), Metoclopramide (50 mg/kg) and an untreated control (normal saline) against copper sulphate and Brassica-induced emesis. The phytochemical screening of R. graveolens showed that it contains certain alkaloids and flavonoids. It was found to be safe up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. The aqueous extracts in 50 and 150 mg/kg doses produced 41.49% and 66.49% inhibition of emesis, respectively by copper sulphate-induced emesis, while 34.66% and 57.95% inhibition of emesis, respectively by B. campestris-induced emesis. The methanolic extracts of Ruta graveolens in 50 and 150 mg/kg doses produced 46.80% and 70.20% inhibition of emesis, respectively by copper sulphate-induced emesis while 31.95% and 61.94%, respectively in Brassica campestris-induced chick emesis model. These results have suggested R. graveolens possess significant antiemetic properties that implicate its use as traditional medicine to treat emesis. However, further studies are needed to isolate the active principle(s) i.e. flavonoids contained in the plant drug tested and its real safety and efficacy as antiemetic agent.
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Ramos-Aguilar, Maribel, and Giuliana Carlderón-Gonzalez. "Evaluación de los extractos acuosos de ruda (ruta graveolens) y epazote (chenopodium amborsioides) en el control de mosquita blanca (bemisia tabaci) en laboratorio." Revista de Invención Técnica, June 30, 2019, 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35429/joti.2019.10.3.25.30.
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In recent years, the use of natural extracts has been an alternative in the control of pest insects in the search for a balance between the environment, production and the human being (Molina 2001). In the present work the objective was to conduct a study of the effectiveness of two aqueous extracts of the aromatic plants ruda and epazote as well as a combination of both for the control of white flies. The trial was done under a completely randomized experimental design with three treatments and ten laboratory repetitions. The tests were carried out on bean leaves infested with white flies and placed in Petri dishes covered with anti-aphids mesh, which were sprayed with undiluted extracts. Subsequently, a statistical analysis was carried out by means of an ANOVA and comparison test of means with the data thrown based on the number of dead flies. The study showed that the treatment developed by the combination of ruda and epazote extracts was the most effective. This study was carried out with the purpose of making contributions as an alternative for the natural control of bemisia tabaci.
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Asfere, Yirgashewa, Ameha Kebede, and Dejene Zinabu. "In-vitro Antimicrobial Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Selected Plant Extracts against Some Medically and Agriculturally Important Pathogens." European Journal of Medicinal Plants, July 30, 2020, 167–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2020/v31i1030293.
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In Ethiopia, many plants are used for medicinal drive-by old-style naturopaths without any scientific justification for their therapeutic values. The principal aim of this study were to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the leaf, root and stem bark extracts of Rhamnus prinioides (gesho), Justicia schimperiana (sensel) and Ruta chalepensis (Tena adam) against some common pathogenic species of bacteria and fungi. The results of this study shown that the crude extracts of ethanol, methanol, hexane and water crude extracts had antimicrobial activities on most bacterial and fungi species of some solvent extracts. Ethanol and methanol crude extracts had the highest growth inhibitory effects as compared with those of the aqueous and hexane crude extracts. But, the four solvent crude extracts had fewer antimicrobial activities than commercially available drug(chloramphenicol and clotrimazole). Campylobacter jejuni and Staphylococcus aureus were found to be the most vulnerable microbes to the crude ethanol (99.5%). The growth-inhibitory events of the crude extracts were found to be significantly dissimilar for both concentrations (30 and 60 mg/ml) in all plant parts (p < 0.05). In general, this study did not only indicate that the antibacterial activities of R. prinioides (gesho), J. schimperiana (sensel) and R. chalepensis (Tena adam). It also accesses a scientific justification for its old-style use against some diseases.
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Kumar, Brijesh, Sama Zaidi, Shafiul Haque, Nandita Dasgupta, Arif Hussain, Sreepoorna Unni, Vineeta Singh, and Bhartendu Nath Mishra. "In silico studies reveal antiviral effects of traditional Indian spices on COVID-19." Current Pharmaceutical Design 26 (December 23, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666201223095548.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The global health emergency due to SARS-CoV-2 causing the COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the scientific community to intensify their research work for its therapeutic solution. In this study, Indian traditional spices owing to various medicinal properties were tested in silico for their inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 proteins. SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins (SP) and main proteases (Mpro) play a significant role in infection development were considered as potential drug targets. Methods: A total of 75 phytochemicals present in traditional Indian spices retrieved from the published literature and Dr. Duke’s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Database, were docked with Mpro (PDB IDs: 6YNQ), and the SP (PDB IDs: 6LXT and 6YOR). Results: Through the screening process, 75 retrieved phytochemicals were docked with spike protein (PDB IDs: 6LXT and 6YOR) and main protease (PDB ID: 6YNQ) of SARS-CoV-2. Among them, myricetin, a flavonoid (rank score: 6LXT: -11.72383; 6YOR: -9.87943; 6YNQ: -11.68164) from Allium sativumL and Isovitexin, an example of flavone (rank score:6LXT: -12.14922; 6YOR: -10.19443; 6YNQ: - 12.60603) from Pimpinella anisumL were the most potent ligands against SP and Mproof SARS-CoV-2. Whereas, Astragalin from Crocus sativusL.; Rutin from Illicium verum, Oxyguttiferone from Garcinia cambogia; Scopolin from Apium graveolens L, Luteolin from Salvia officinalis, Emodin, Aloe-emodin from Cinnamomum zeylanicium and Apigenin from Allium sativumL showed better inhibition against Mpro than SP of SARS-CoV-2. The amino acid residues like SER, LYS, ASP and TYR were found playing important role in protein-ligand interactions via hydrogen bonding and Vander Waals forces. Conclusion: Optimal use of traditional spices in our daily meals may help fight against COVID-19. This study also paves the path for herbal drug formulation against SARS-CoV-2 after wet lab validation.